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Psychology | Computer Vision | Educational Psychology | Developmental Psychology and Ageing
Behaviour and Health | Learner Development | Expanding Knowledge in Psychology and Cognitive Sciences |
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-01-2015
DOI: 10.1007/S00038-015-0653-3
Abstract: Gaining a deeper understanding of the dynamic relationships between the transition to parenthood and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) amongst men and women in Australia. 12 years of nationally representative panel data from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey and a piecewise pre ost fixed-effect modelling strategy that controls for person-specific unobserved effects and allows for non-linear associations are used. Both men and women decrease the frequency of MVPA in the years preceding the birth of their first child. An abrupt fall amongst men and a smooth, non-linear decreasing trend amongst women are apparent in the post-birth years. Neither men nor women recover their pre-birth MVPA frequency in subsequent years. Parenthood is an important factor influencing MVPA, with more marked impacts on women's than men's behaviour. Policymakers interested in promoting MVPA should focus on parenthood as a critical deterring factor that can trigger long-term trends of low MVPA. The proposed model can be expanded to explore the influence on MVPA of other life-course transitions.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 31-05-2012
Abstract: To test the clinical effect of a web-based lower back pain intervention on quality of life and selected lower back pain outcomes. A prospective single-blinded randomized intervention. Occupational preventive service. One hundred office workers with non-specific subacute lower back pain. The 50 intervention group subjects were educated daily about sitting correctly and asked to perform exercises shown by video demonstrations on the university website. The exercise routines included strengthening, mobility and stretching exercises focused on the postural stability muscles. The 50 control group subjects only received standard occupational care. Outcomes were measured by the EuroQol questionnaire five dimensions three levels, the Oswestry Disability Index, and the StarT Back Screening Tool questionnaires. At nine months, the intervention group outcomes were compared to the baseline data and the control group outcomes. For 97% ( n = 45) of the experimental group quality of life (clinical utility) improved significantly 3.58 times greater than the control group. Oswestry Disability Index showed an odds ratio (OR) of 5.42 with a 37% ( n = 17) change for the intervention group with respect to the control group. With regard to the StarT Back Screening Tool, 76% ( n = 35) of the intervention group improved their clinical state (odds ratio = 3.04 with respect to the control group improvement). Logistic regression analysis revealed positive changes in EuroQol questionnaire, increasing the likelihood of observing positive changes in StarT Back Screening Tool (OR = 15.5) and Oswestry Disability Index (OR = 4.5). The intervention showed clinical improvements in quality of life and selected lower back pain outcomes in the experimental group compared to the control group.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 10-2017
Publisher: Akademiai Kiado Zrt.
Date: 09-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2014
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-11-2021
DOI: 10.1111/OBR.13375
Abstract: The present systematic review with meta‐analysis sought to estimate the accuracy of different waist‐to‐height ratio (WHtR) cutoff ranges as risk indicators for cardiometabolic health in different populations of children and adolescents. Systematic searches were undertaken to identify studies in apparently healthy participants aged 3–18 years that conducted receiver operating characteristic curve analysis and reported area under the receiver operating characteristic curves for WHtR with any cardiometabolic biomarker. Forty‐one cross‐sectional studies were included in the meta‐analysis, including 138,561 young in iduals (50% girls). Higher area under summary receiver operating characteristic (AUSROC) values were observed in cutoffs between 0.46 and 0.50 (AUSROC = 0.83, 95%CI: 0.80–0.86) and ≥0.51 (AUSROC = 0.87, 95%CI: 0.84–0.90) ( p 0.001 in comparison with cutoffs 0.41 to 0.45), with similar results in both sexes. The AUSROC value increased in the East and Southeast Asian regions using a WHtR cutoff of ≥0.46 (AUSROC = 0.90, 95%CI: 0.87 to 0.92). A cutoff of ≥0.54 was optimal for the Latin American region (AUSROC = 0.96, 95%CI: 0.94–0.97). Our meta‐analysis identified optimal cutoff values of WHtR for use in children and adolescents from different regions. Despite the widely accepted WHtR cutoff of 0.50, the present study indicated that a single cutoff value of WHtR may be inappropriate.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.JAMDA.2017.11.003
Abstract: The effects of replacing sedentary time with light or moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity on frailty are not well known. To examine the mutually independent associations of sedentary time (ST), light-intensity physical activity (LPA), and moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA) with frailty status in older adults. A total of 628 people aged ≥65 years from the Toledo Study of Healthy Aging (TSHA) participated in this cross-sectional study. Frailty was measured using the Frailty Trait Scale. Hip-worn accelerometers were used to capture objective measurements of ST, LPA, and MVPA. Linear regression and isotemporal substitution analyses were used to examine associations of ST, LPA, and MVPA with frailty status. Analyses were also stratified by comorbidity. In single and partition models, LPA and MVPA were negatively associated with frailty. Time in sedentary behavior was not associated with frailty in these models. In the isotemporal substitution models, replacing 30 minutes/d of ST with MVPA was associated with a decrease in frailty [β -2.460 95% confidence interval (CI): -3.782, -1.139]. In contrast, replacing ST with LPA was not associated with favorable effects on this outcome. However, when the models were stratified by comorbidity, replacing ST with MVPA had the greatest effect on frailty in both the comorbidity (β -2.556 95% CI: -4.451, -0.661) and the no comorbidity group (β -2.535 95% CI: -4.343, -0.726). Moreover, the favorable effects of LPA in people with comorbidities was found when replacing 30 minutes/d of ST with LPA (β -0.568 95% CI: -1.050, -0.086). Substituting ST with MVPA is associated with theoretical positive effects on frailty. People with comorbidity may also benefit from replacing ST with LPA, which may have important clinical implications in order to decrease the levels of physical frailty.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2015
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 09-2014
DOI: 10.1002/RNJ.111
Abstract: To assess the intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and to determine the minimal detectable change (MDC95 ) scores of the data for the Hand Grip Strength Test, the Chair Sit and Reach Test (CSRT), the Timed "Up and Go" (TUG) test, the 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) and 30 seconds Sit to Stand Test (30s-STS) test in older adults with type 2 NIDDM. Test-retest reliability. Eighteen subject participated in two sessions (1 week apart), which included the different tests. High ICCs (≥ 0.92) were found for all tests. The MDC₉₅ scores were as follows: 4.0 kg for Hand Grip Strength Tests, 7.5 cm for the right leg-CSRT, 9.0 cm for the left leg-CSRT, 1.0 second for the TUG test, 27 m for the 6MWT, and 3.3 repetitions for the 30s-STS test. All tests evaluated are reliable outcome measures for type 2 NIDDM patients. This study has generated novel MCD₉₅ data, which will assist nursing practitioners in both prescribing the most beneficial exercise and interpreting posttreatment changes after rehabilitation in patients with T2DM.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 23-05-2019
DOI: 10.1111/SMS.13438
Abstract: School-based physical education (PE) provides opportunities to accumulate moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), but many students are insufficiently active during PE lessons. Providing teachers with feedback regarding their students' physical activity may increase the effectiveness of PE for achieving MVPA goals, but existing physical activity monitoring technologies have limitations in class environments. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to develop and validate a system capable of providing feedback on PE lesson MVPA. Equations for translating step counts to %MVPA were derived from measures in 492 students who concurrently wore an ActiGraph GT3X+ (ActiGraph) and Yamax pedometer (Yamax) during a PE lesson. To enhance feedback availability during PE lessons, we then developed a bespoke monitoring system using wireless tri-axial pedometers (HMM) and a smart device app. After developing and testing the monitoring system, we assessed its validity and reliability in 100 students during a PE lesson. There was a strong correlation of 0.896 between step counts and accelerometer-determined %MVPA and quantile regression equations showed good validity for translating step counts to %MVPA with a mean absolute difference of 5.3 (95% CI, 4.4-6.2). The physical activity monitoring system was effective at providing %MVPA during PE lessons with a mean difference of 1.6 ± 7.1 compared with accelerometer-determined %MVPA (7% difference between the two measurement methods). Teachers and students can use a smart device app and wireless pedometers to conveniently obtain feedback during PE lessons. Future studies should determine whether such technologies help teachers to increase physical activity during PE lessons.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 22-11-2013
DOI: 10.1007/S11136-013-0569-4
Abstract: To contribute to the ongoing discussion on the choice of a preference-based health-related quality of life (HRQoL) instrument to be used in cost-effectiveness analysis by studying and comparing the validity, sensitivity and relative efficiency of 15-D and EuroQol 5D 5L (EQ-5D-5L) in a Spanish Parkinson's disease (PD) population s le. One hundred and thirty-three volunteers were asked to complete an interview using 15-D and EQ-5D-5L. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (r) was used to test the convergent validity of these instruments with specific PD measures. Sensitivity and efficiency were compared using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and relative efficiency statistic, respectively. A strong correlation (r > 0.65 p 0.50 p < 0.001) was found between 15-D and EQ-5D-5L utilities with the EQ-VAS. The areas under the ROC of both instruments all exceeded 0.5 (p < 0.001). The 15-D instrument was 4.1-29.8 % less efficient at detecting differences between patients with optimal HRQoL, while this instrument was 11 % more efficient at detecting differences between patients at mild and moderate to strong severity of the PD symptoms. 15-D and EQ-5D-5L are showed to be valid and sensitivity generic HRQoL measures in Spanish PD patients with both instruments showing similar HRQoL dimension coverage and ceiling/floor effects. The 15-D has better efficiency and greater sensitivity to detect clinical changes in PD severity of the symptoms meanwhile the EQ-5D-5L is better to detect clinical HRQoL changes. Additionally, the EQ-5D-5L questionnaire requires less time than 15-D to be administered, and it might be more appropriate for studies conducted in Spain, since a country-specific "value set" is available for this instrument and not for the 15-D.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2011
DOI: 10.1016/J.APMR.2011.04.017
Abstract: To investigate the reliability of isokinetic peak torque and work and isometric peak torque measurements for knee flexion and extension in fibromyalgia (FM) patients by determining the smallest real difference (SRD). Test-retest reliability study. University laboratory. Women with FM (N=37) aged between 34 and 74 years. Not applicable. The participants performed isometric, concentric, and eccentric tests of the knee. Unilateral maximal peak torque and average work were measured for each direction (flexion, extension) and contraction (isometric, concentric, eccentric) type. Relative reliability, absolute reliability, and SRD were calculated. The 3 tests were repeated after an interval of 7 days. With the exception of eccentric flexion, all peak torque measures had an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of > 0.90, and all work measures had an ICC of > 0.85. The SRD ranged between 21% and 37% for all peak torque measures and between 40% and 73% for all work measures. Isokinetic dynamometry provides reliable measurement of peak torque and work for isometric, concentric, and eccentric knee flexion and extension in patients with FM. The present study has generated novel SRD data, which will assist physicians, therapists, and clinicians in interpreting posttreatment changes in patients with FM.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.MATURITAS.2013.09.005
Abstract: To test the feasibility, safety and effectiveness of a 12-wk whole body vibration (WBV) intervention on glycemic control, lipid-related cardiovascular risk factors and functional capacity among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in a primary care context. Fifty non-insulin dependent T2DM patients were randomized 1:1 to an intervention group that, in addition to standard care, received a 12-wk WBV intervention, and a control group receiving only standard care (from February 2012 through May 2012). Outcomes, including glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting blood glucose, lipid-related cardiovascular risk factors (i.e., cholesterol, triglycerides, lipoproteins, LDL/HDL and atherogenic index) and functional capacity were measured at baseline and after the 12-wk intervention. After intervention, there was a reduction in HbA1c and fasting blood glucose when compared to the control group, with a mean difference in change scores between groups of -0.55% (95% CI -0.15 to -0.76) and -33.95 mm/dl (95% CI -51.38 to -3.47), respectively. Similarly, most lipid-related cardiovascular risk factors (i.e., cholesterol, triglycerides and atherogenic index) were also reduced (p<0.05). A 12-wk WBV intervention in a primary care context is feasible, safe and effective in improving glycemic profile, lipid-related cardiovascular risk factors and functional capacity among T2DM patients. ACTRN12613000021774.
Publisher: American Public Health Association
Date: 12-2014
Abstract: Objectives. We analyzed the in idual-level associations between participation in moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and psychological distress levels using a large, nationally representative, longitudinal s le and multivariable panel regression models. Methods. We used 3 waves of panel data from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey, consisting of 34 000 observations from 17 000 in iduals and covering 2007, 2009, and 2011. We used fixed-effects panel regression models accounting for observable and unobservable confounders to examine the relationships between the weekly frequency of MVPA and summary measures of psychological distress based on the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale. Results. We found substantial and highly statistically significant associations between the frequency of MVPA and different indicators of psychological distress. Frequent participation in MVPA reduces psychological distress and decreases the likelihood of falling into a high-risk category. Conclusions. Our findings underscore the importance of placing physical activity at the core of health promotion initiatives aimed at preventing and remedying psychological discomfort.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2012
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-06-2018
DOI: 10.1007/S40271-018-0317-5
Abstract: The aim of this study was to compare the Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire-8 (PDQ-8) with three multi-attribute utility (MAU) instruments (EQ-5D-3L, EQ-5D-5L, and 15D) and to develop mapping algorithms that could be used to transform PDQ-8 scores into MAU scores. A cross-sectional study was conducted. A final s le of 228 evaluable patients was included in the analyses. Sociodemographic and clinical data were also collected. Two EQ-5D questionnaires were scored using Spanish tariffs. Two models and three statistical techniques were used to estimate each model in the direct mapping framework for all three MAU instruments, including the most widely used ordinary least squares (OLS), the robust MM-estimator, and the generalized linear model (GLM). For both EQ-5D-3L and EQ-5D-5L, indirect response mapping based on an ordered logit model was also conducted. Three goodness-of-fit tests were employed to compare the models: the mean absolute error (MAE), the root-mean-square error (RMSE), and the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) between the predicted and observed utilities. Health state utility scores ranged from 0.61 (EQ-5D-3L) to 0.74 (15D). The mean PDQ-8 score was 27.51. The correlation between overall PDQ-8 score and each MAU instrument ranged from - 0.729 (EQ-5D-5L) to - 0.752 (EQ-5D-3L). A mapping algorithm based on PDQ-8 items had better performance than using the overall score. For the two EQ-5D questionnaires, in general, the indirect mapping approach had comparable or even better performance than direct mapping based on MAE. Mapping algorithms developed in this study enable the estimation of utility values from the PDQ-8. The indirect mapping equations reported for two EQ-5D questionnaires will further facilitate the calculation of EQ-5D utility scores using other country-specific tariffs.
Publisher: Centro Andaluz de Medicina del Deporte
Date: 09-2012
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-05-2013
DOI: 10.1007/S00421-013-2654-3
Abstract: This study aimed at examined the effect of a 12-week whole body vibration (WBV) training program on leg blood flow and body composition in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Forty participants were randomly assigned to either a WBV training group (WBV n = 20) or usual-care control group (CON n = 20). Body composition [waist circumference, waist to hip ratio (WHR), weight, height, percentage of body fat and fat-free mass], heart rate, and blood flow [femoral artery diameter, maximum systolic velocity, maximum diastolic velocity (DV), time averaged mean, pulsatility index and resistance index (RI), mean velocity (V med), and peak blood velocities (PBV)] were assessed at baseline and after 12 weeks. There were significant increases in the blood flow (p = 0.046), V med (p = 0.050), and DV (p = 0.037) after WBV compared with CON. Within-group analysis showed significant differences in V med, PBV, and DV in the WBV group. Significant decreases after the intervention in weight (p < 0.001), waist circumference (p < 0.001), WHR (p < 0.05), and body fat (p < 0.05) were also found, with significant between-groups decreases in all these outcomes in the WBV group. Significant correlations existed between changes in percent body fat and blood flow [blood flow (-0.761), V med (-0.607), PBV (-0.677), and RI (0.0510)]. WBV training can be considered an effective means to increase leg blood flow and to reduce adiposity in patients with T2DM.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.1002/RNJ.229
Abstract: Falls are the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in older and represents one of the major and most costly public health problems worldwide. Evaluate the influences of lower limb muscle performance, static balance, functional independence and quality of life on fall risk as assessed with the timed up and go (TUG) test. Cross-sectional study. Fifty-two residents aged 80 or older were assessed and distributed in one of the two study groups (no risk of falls risk of falls) according to the time to complete the TUG test. A Kistler force platform and linear transducer was used to determinate lower limb muscle performance. Postural Stability (static balance) was measured by recording the center of pressure. The EuroQol-5 dimension was used to assess Health-related quality of life and the Barthel index was used to examine functional status. Student's t-test was performed to evaluate the differences between groups. Correlations between variables were analyzed using Spearman or Pearson coefficient. ROC (receiver operating charasteristic) analysis was used to determine the cut-off points related to a decrease in the risk of a fall. Participants of no-fall risk group showed better lower limb performance, quality of life, and functional status. Cut-off points were determined for each outcome. Risk of falls in nursing home residents over the age of 80 is associated with lower limb muscle performance, functional status, and quality of Life. Cut-off points can be used by clinicians when working toward fall prevention and could help in determining the optimal lower limb muscle performance level for preventing falls.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2014
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 11-09-2017
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 2015
DOI: 10.1155/2015/719082
Abstract: Objective . To review the literature on the effects of whole-body vibration therapy in patients with fibromyalgia. Design . Systematic literature review. Patients . Patients with fibromyalgia. Methods . An electronic search of the literature in four medical databases was performed to identify studies on whole-body vibration therapy that were published up to the 15th of January 2015. Results . Eight articles satisfied the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were analysed. According to the Dutch CBO guidelines, all selected trials had a B level of evidence. The main outcomes that were measured were balance, fatigue, disability index, health-related quality of life, and pain. Whole-body vibration appeared to improve the outcomes, especially balance and disability index. Conclusion . Whole-body vibration could be an adequate treatment for fibromyalgia as a main therapy or added to a physical exercise programme as it could improve balance, disability index, health-related quality of life, fatigue, and pain. However, this conclusion must be treated with caution because the paucity of trials and the marked differences between existing trials in terms of protocol, intervention, and measurement tools h ered the comparison of the trials.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.MATURITAS.2014.09.010
Abstract: To test the feasibility and effectiveness of whole-body vibration (WBV) therapy on fall risk, functional dependence and health-related quality of life in nursing home residents aged 80+ years. Twenty-nine 80-95 years old volunteers, nursing home residents were randomized to an eight-week WBV intervention group) (n=15) or control group (n=14). Functional mobility was assessed using the timed up and go (TUG) test. Lower limb performance was evaluated using the 30-s Chair Sit to Stand (30-s CSTS) test. Postural stability was measured using a force platform. The Barthel Index was used to assess functional dependence and the EuroQol (EQ-5D) was used to evaluate Health-Related Quality of Life. All outcome measures were assessed at baseline and at a follow-up after 8 weeks. At the 8-week follow up, TUG test (p<0.001), 30-s CSTS number of times (p=0.006), EQ-5Dmobility (p<0.001), EQ-5DVAS (p<0.014), EQ-5Dutility (p<0.001) and Barthel index (p=0.003) improved in the WBV intervention group when compared to the control group. An 8-week WBV-based intervention in a nursing home setting is effective in reducing fall risk factors and quality of life in nursing home residents aged 80+.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-03-2013
DOI: 10.1007/S12603-013-0028-5
Abstract: To explore the relationship between nutritional status, functional capacity and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in older adults with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Cross-sectional study. Forty two non-insulin dependent older adults from a primary care center in Seville, Spain. Function was assessed with a battery of standardized physical fitness tests. Nutritional status was assessed using the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) and the European Quality of Life Questionnaire (EQ-5D-3L) was used to assess HRQoL. There was an association between MNA-nutritional status and lower body strength as assessed by the chair sit-stand test (rho= .451 p= .037) and between MNA-nutritional status and EQ-5D-3L-HRQoL (EQ-5D-3Lutility, rho= .553 p<.001 and EQ-5D-3LVAS rho= .402 p<.001). An MNA item by item correlation analysis with HRQoL and lower limb strength demonstrated that HRQoL appears to be related to functional capacity (principally lower body strength, motor agility and cardiorespiratory fitness) among participants. These results were maintained when correlations were adjusted for co-morbidity. Our results demonstrated that nutritional status is moderately associated with HRQoL and lower limb strength in patients with T2DM. Our data suggest that more emphasis should be placed on interventions to encourage a correct diet and stress the needed to improve lower body strength to reinforce better mobility in T2DM population.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-02-2014
DOI: 10.1007/S11136-014-0645-4
Abstract: The purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the associations between the frequency of moderate or vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and quality of life (QoL) measures using longitudinal data and panel regression models on a large, representative s le of the Australian population. This study used yearly panel data on over 23,000 in iduals collected by the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey between 2001 and 2011. Ordinary least squares and fixed effects regression models were used to examine the associations between the weekly frequency of MVPA and several indicators of QoL, including both measures of health-related QoL (such as those derivable from the SF-36) and global subjective well-being assessments (such as self-reported life satisfaction), controlling for observable and unobservable factors. Our results provided consistent evidence that the frequency of MVPA is related to QoL and proved to be robust. A higher frequency of MVPA was related to higher scores in each of the outcomes analysed and using either of two different estimation strategies. The most pronounced associations emerged between the frequency of MVPA and the physical and vitality dimensions of the SF-36. A change from undertaking no MVPA at all to undertaking such activity once a week was remarkably associated with higher QoL. The influence of MVPA on global life satisfaction was only partially channelled through physical and mental health. We provide strong evidence that MVPA is related to QoL, thus adding to the large body of scientific literature demonstrating the benefits of becoming physically active.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.AMEPRE.2018.04.042
Abstract: The aim was to summarize estimates of the potential benefits for cardiometabolic risk markers and all-cause mortality of replacing time spent in sedentary behaviors with light-intensity physical activity or with moderate to vigorous physical activity, from studies using device-based measurement. Four databases covering the period up to December 2016 were searched and analyzed (February 2017). Data were extracted by two independent reviewers. For the meta-analyses, the estimated regression coefficients (β) and 95% CIs were analyzed for BMI, waist circumference, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Pooled relative rate and 95% CIs were calculated for fasting glucose, fasting insulin, and homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance values. Hazard ratios were extracted from studies of all-cause mortality risk. Ten studies (with 17,390 participants) met the inclusion criteria. Reallocation of 30 minutes of sedentary time to light-intensity physical activity was associated with reductions in waist circumference, fasting insulin, and all-cause mortality risk and with an increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Reallocating 30 minutes of sedentary time to moderate to vigorous physical activity was associated with reductions in BMI, waist circumference, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, and all-cause mortality (not pooled) and with an increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Replacing sedentary time with either light-intensity physical activity or moderate to vigorous physical activity may be beneficial, but when sedentary time is replaced with moderate to vigorous physical activity, the predicted impacts are stronger and apparent for a broader range of risk markers. These findings point to potential benefits of replacing sedentary time with light-intensity physical activity, which may benefit those less able to tolerate or accommodate higher-intensity activities, including many older adults.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 27-01-2018
Abstract: Physically active occupations with high-energy expenditure may lead to lower motivation to exercise during leisure time, while the reverse can be hypothesized for sedentary occupations. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of changing occupational activity level on exercise behavior. Data on occupational physical activity and leisure time exercise were taken from a population-based cohort, with surveys completed in 2010 and 2014. Using data on those employed in both years, two trajectories were analyzed: (i) participants who changed from sedentary to active occupations and (ii) participants who changed from active to sedentary occupations. Exercise was reported in hours per week and changes from 2010 to 2014 were categorized as decreased, increased or stable. Associations were expressed as ORs and 95% CIs adjusting for age, gender and education. Data were available for 12 969 participants (57% women, aged 45 ± 9 years, 57% highly educated). Relative to participants whose occupational activity was stable, participants who changed to active occupations (n = 549) were more likely to decrease exercise (OR = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.02-1.47) and those who changed to sedentary occupations (n = 373) more likely to increase exercise levels (OR = 1.21, 95% CI = 0.97-1.52). People changing from sedentary to active occupations compensate by exercising less, and those changing from physically active to sedentary occupations seem to compensate by exercising more in their leisure time. When developing and evaluating interventions to reduce occupational sedentary behavior or to promote exercise, mutual influences on physical activity of different contexts should be considered.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2012
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 19-01-2018
DOI: 10.1007/S11136-018-1784-9
Abstract: To quantify the relationship between the change in exercise dose and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in a cohort of patients participating in a community-based phase-3 cardiac rehabilitation (CR) program. A retrospective, pre-experimental (no control group) design of 58 participants that completed a phase-3, 12-week exercise-based CR program was used to test the current hypothesis. Self-reported HRQoL (36-Item Short Form Health Survey Version 2, SF-36v2) was assessed prior and after completing the CR program. The change in exercise dose was estimated from the assigned training load in weeks 1 and 12 of the CR program. A series of regression models were fitted to ascertain the relationship between the change in exercise dose and changes in the SF-36v2. There was a strong quadratic trend between the change in exercise dose and the mean change in SF-36 Mental and Physical Health Summary Scores. Analysis of covariance showed that the mean changes in the SF-36 Summary Scores statistically fluctuate across quartiles of exercise dose. The data show that there is a threshold amount of increase in exercise (Q The current findings suggest that physical and mental health-related quality of life are improved with a phase-3 CR program. The dose-response relationship observed indicates that a threshold exercise dose is required to improve HRQoL, and that larger doses of exercise do not confer further improvements in HRQoL.
Publisher: Medical Journals Sweden AB
Date: 2012
Abstract: To investigate whether an online occupational postural and exercise intervention reduced patients' overall risk status for chronicity in subacute non-specific low back pain compared with conventional treatment, and to determine whether changes in risk of chronicity correlate with changes in specific outcomes (i.e. Functional Status and QoL) for low back pain. Prospective, single-blinded randomized intervention study. University office workers with subacute non-specific low back pain (n=100) were randomized 1:1 to an intervention group, who received an online occupational postural and exercise intervention, and a control group. Exercise and education materials used in the intervention were developed as an online resource, and included video demonstrations recorded in a laboratory. All sessions included exercises combining postural stability (for abdominal, lumbar, hip and thigh muscles) strengthening, flexibility, mobility, and stretching. Outcome measures included STarT Back Screening Tool (SBST), Roland Morris score, and European Quality of Life Questionnaire -5 dimensions - 3 levels. At 9 months, SBST was analysed and compared with the baseline and controls. Significant positive effects were found on mean scores recorded in the online occupational exercise intervention group for risk of chronicity (p<0.019). A correlation between functional disability, health-related quality of life and risk of chronicity of low back pain was observed. This study supports the potential utility of a real-time occupational internet-based intervention for preventing progression to chronicity of subacute non-specific low back pain among office workers.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 22-05-2017
DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2017.1327983
Abstract: Sedentary behaviour (SB) has recently emerged as an independent risk factor for different health outcomes. Older adults accumulate long time in SB. Understanding the role that SB plays on health is crucial for a successful aging. This short systematic review summarizes the current evidence related to the effects of objectively measured SB on frailty, physical performance and mortality in adults ≥60 years old. The literature search produced 271 records for physical performance (n = 119), frailty (n = 31), and mortality (n = 121). Finally, only 13 articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. All articles but one included in the physical performance section (n = 9) showed a negative association between longer time spent in SB and physical performance. A significant association of SB with higher odds of frailty was found, however this association disappeared after adjusting for cognitive status. Lastly, two of the three included studies showed positive associations between SB and mortality, but this effect decreased or even disappeared in the more adjusted models. In conclusion, there is consistency that SB is negatively associated with physical performance. However, the relationship between objectively measured SB and frailty incidence and mortality rates remains unclear and deserves further research. The use of homogenous criteria to assess SB and the inclusion of more robust research designs will help clarifying the independent effects that SB could have on physical performance, frailty, and mortality. This will ultimately help designing more efficient and comprehensive physical activity guidelines for older adults.
Publisher: Centro Andaluz de Medicina del Deporte
Date: 06-2012
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.PHYSIO.2012.06.006
Abstract: To establish the level of musculoskeletal fitness and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in sedentary office workers with sub-acute, non-specific low back pain, and compare the results with reference data for healthy sedentary office workers. Cross-sectional study. Occupational secondary prevention setting. One-hundred and ninety sedentary office workers: 118 suffering from sub-acute, non-specific low back pain (47 men and 71 women) and 72 age-matched healthy controls (30 men and 42 women). Participants were assessed using a musculoskeletal fitness battery (sit-and-reach test, hand grip strength, lumbar and abdominal trunk muscle endurance, and back scratch test), the EuroQol-5D-3L, Oswestry Disability Questionnaire, and Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire. Data for both genders and conditions were compared. Subjects with low back pain achieved lower scores in most of the fitness tests compared with healthy, age-matched controls. Trunk flexor and extensor endurance demonstrated the greatest difference in both men {flexion: median difference 59 [95% confidence interval (CI) 26 to 90]seconds extension: median difference 24 [95% CI 20 to 68]} and women [flexion: median difference 59 (95% CI 5 to 85.50)seconds extension: median difference 41 (95% CI 30 to 55)seconds]. Differences in HRQoL were also demonstrated between groups for both men and women, with the exception of the pain/discomfort dimension in women. Sedentary office workers with sub-acute, non-specific low back pain had lower musculoskeletal fitness than healthy, age-matched controls, with the main difference found in endurance of the trunk muscles. HRQoL was also lower in workers with low back pain.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-2020
Publisher: Mary Ann Liebert Inc
Date: 08-2011
Abstract: The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of 12-week tilting Whole Body Vibration therapy (WBV) on Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) in fibromylagia (FM) within the context of a randomized control trial (ISRCTN16950947). Thirty-six (36) women with FM were randomly allocated to either an exercise or a control group. The women in the exercise group were assigned to a 12-week course of tilting WBV (12.5-Hz frequency 3-mm litude). HRQoL was assessed using the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ) and a 15D questionnaire. A 12-week course of tilting WBV therapy was associated with improvements in FIQ scores (12%) but not in the 15D questionnaire. Tilting WBV was a feasible intervention that prevented the loss of HRQoL in previously physically untrained women with FM.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 19-05-2017
DOI: 10.1111/OBR.12552
Abstract: The aim of the study was to summarize the evidence of the effects of reallocating time spent in sedentary behaviours in different activity intensities on youth's adiposity. Five databases were searched. Studies that reported the effects of replacing sedentary behaviour with light-intensity physical activity (LIPA) and/or moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) on at least one adiposity parameter. The estimated regression coefficients (β) and 95% CIs were combined and meta-analysed. Data from 7,351 youths and five studies were analysed. Pooled analysis from cross-sectional studies shows that replacing sedentary time with LIPA showed no significant associations with any adiposity-related outcomes. Replacing sedentary time with MVPA was statistically associated with total body fat percentage (β = -2.512 p = 0.003), but not with body mass index or waist circumference. In subgroup analysis, the greatest magnitude of association was observed from studies where 60 min of sedentary behaviour was reallocated to 60 min of MVPA (β = -4.535 p < 0.001). Our results highlight the importance of promoting MVPA, which may improve body composition phenotypes in young people. This information can be used to develop more effective lifestyle interventions.
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 12-09-2017
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 17-10-2020
DOI: 10.1111/SMS.13845
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-06-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2017
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 14-07-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2011
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-2013
DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2013.765019
Abstract: To reanalyse a web-based intervention for physically untrained office workers with sub-acute non-specific low back pain in low back pain-related exercise behaviour terms. Reanalysis of a randomized controlled trial. Occupational Preventive Medicine of University. Participants were randomized to an intervention group (proposed intervention plus standard care) or a control group (usual care only). The intervention exercise and education materials were developed as an online resource, and included video demonstrations recorded in a laboratory. Resources were loaded onto a dedicated section of the University Preventive Medicine Service website. All sessions included stretching, and exercises to improve postural stability (abdominal, lumbar, hip and thigh muscles) strength, flexibility and mobility. Outcome measures were self-reported health status (visual analogue scale (VAS) of the Euroquol-5D questionnaire) functional health status (Oswestry disability questionnaire) and the stage of change questionnaire. At nine months, outcomes in the intervention group were analysed and compared with baseline and outcomes in controls. In the intervention group, significant positive effects were observed at nine-month follow up for stage of change in the behavioural domain as related with low back pain for all phases except for the contemplation phase. The positive change in the stage of change questionnaire correlated with the improvement observed in Oswestry (r = .388) and VAS (r = -.612). The reanalysis of the trial suggests that exercise behaviour related to low back pain improve after the intervention period. This improvement correlates with changes in clinical low back pain-related outcomes.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 10-2016
DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000000563
Abstract: Sañudo, B, Rueda, D, del Pozo-Cruz, B, de Hoyo, M, and Carrasco, L. Validation of a video analysis software package for quantifying movement velocity in resistance exercises. J Strength Cond Res 30(10): 2934–2941, 2016—The aim of this study was to establish the validity of a video analysis software package in measuring mean propulsive velocity (MPV) and the maximal velocity during bench press. Twenty-one healthy males (21 ± 1 year) with weight training experience were recruited, and the MPV and the maximal velocity of the concentric phase (Vmax) were compared with a linear position transducer system during a standard bench press exercise. Participants performed a 1 repetition maximum test using the supine bench press exercise. The testing procedures involved the simultaneous assessment of bench press propulsive velocity using 2 kinematic (linear position transducer and semi-automated tracking software) systems. High Pearson's correlation coefficients for MPV and Vmax between both devices ( r = 0.473 to 0.993) were observed. The intraclass correlation coefficients for barbell velocity data and the kinematic data obtained from video analysis were high ( .79). In addition, the low coefficients of variation indicate that measurements had low variability. Finally, Bland-Altman plots with the limits of agreement of the MPV and Vmax with different loads showed a negative trend, which indicated that the video analysis had higher values than the linear transducer. In conclusion, this study has demonstrated that the software used for the video analysis was an easy to use and cost-effective tool with a very high degree of concurrent validity. This software can be used to evaluate changes in velocity of training load in resistance training, which may be important for the prescription and monitoring of training programmes.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.EXGER.2014.01.026
Abstract: The impact of aging and physical capacity on coenzyme Q10 (Q10) levels in human blood is unknown. Plasma Q10 is an important factor in cardiovascular diseases. To understand how physical activity in the elderly affects endogenous Q10 levels in blood plasma, we studied a cohort of healthy community-dwelling people. Volunteers were subjected to different tests of the Functional Fitness Test Battery including handgrip strength, six-minute walk, 30 s chair to stand, and time up and go tests. Anthropometric characteristics, plasma Q10 and lipid peroxidation (MDA) levels were determined. Population was ided according to gender and fitness. We found that people showing higher levels of functional capacity presented lower levels of cholesterol and lipid peroxidation accompanied by higher levels of Q10 in plasma. The ratio Q10/cholesterol and Q10/LDL increased in these people. No relationship was found when correlated to muscle strength or agility. On the other hand, obesity was related to lower Q10 and higher MDA levels in plasma affecting women more significantly. Our data demonstrate for the first time that physical activity at advanced age can increase the levels of Q10 and lower the levels of lipid peroxidation in plasma, probably reducing the progression of cardiovascular diseases.
Publisher: UCAM CCD
Date: 07-2013
Publisher: Medical Journals Sweden AB
Date: 2011
Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine whether a 12-week course of low-frequency vibrating board therapy is a feasible therapy for non-specific chronic low back pain, and whether it improves the main outcome measures. Randomized controlled trial. A total of 50 patients with non-specific low back pain were included. They were randomly assigned to either a vibrating plate via reciprocation therapy group (n = 25) or a control group (n = 25). The 12-week vibration therapy programme consisted of a total of 24 training sessions (2 times/week, with 1 day of rest between sessions). Assessments of the main outcome measures for non-specific low back pain were performed at baseline and at 12 weeks. In the vibration therapy group there was a statistically significant improvement, of 20.37% (p = 0.031) in the Postural Stability Index (anterior-posterior) 25.15% (p = 0.013) in the Oswestry Index 9.31% in the Roland Morris Index (p = 0.001) 8.57% (p = 0.042) in EuroQol 5D-3L 20.29% (p = 0.002) in the Sens test 24.13% (p = 0.006) in visual analogue scale back and 16.58% (p = 0.008) in the Progressive Isoinertial Lifting Evaluation test. A 12-week course of low-frequency vibrating board therapy is feasible and may represent a novel physical therapy for patients with non-specific low back pain.
No related organisations have been discovered for Borja del Pozo Cruz.
Start Date: 12-2020
End Date: 12-2025
Amount: $658,544.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
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