ORCID Profile
0000-0003-2199-7981
Current Organisation
University of Cambridge
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Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-2005
DOI: 10.1038/OBY.2005.128
Abstract: This study examined differences in (1) psychosocial correlates of physical activity and in (2) physical activity within different contexts and sedentary behaviors between normal weight and overweight adolescents. It further explored whether the prediction of physical activity by the psychosocial correlates is different in normal weight and overweight adolescents. A community s le of 6078 11 to 19 year olds from 38 secondary schools, which were randomly selected throughout the country, completed a validated computerized questionnaire about physical activity, sedentary behaviors, and psychosocial correlates. Differences in mean scores on the psychosocial correlates and on the self-rated physical activity were analyzed between the normal weight (n=5563) and the overweight (n=515, 8.5%) group. This study showed that overweight adolescents do less intense physical activities (p<0.001) and have less favorable psychosocial correlates related to physical activity (p<0.001) than their normal weight counterparts. However, the strength of the associations between psychosocial variables and total physical activity were comparable in overweight and normal weight adolescents. More support from family and friends, more fun in physical activity, higher self-efficacy, the perception of more competition benefits, and the perception of less lack of interest were all associated with higher total levels of physical activity. The results suggest that no specific tailoring on psychosocial correlates of physical activity is necessary for overweight adolescents compared with normal weight ones. Both overweight and normal weight adolescents can be approached by interventions focusing on the same psychosocial variables to increase physical activity.
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 10-08-2018
Abstract: martphones and wearable activity trackers present opportunities for large-scale physical activity (PA) surveillance that overcome some limitations of questionnaires or researcher-administered devices. However, it remains unknown whether current users of such technologies are representative of the UK population. he objective of this study was to investigate potential sociodemographic biases in in iduals using, or with the potential to use, smartphone apps or wearable activity trackers for PA surveillance in the United Kingdom. e used data of adults (aged ≥16 years) from two nationally representative surveys. Using the UK-wide 2018 Ofcom Technology Tracker (unweighted N=3688), we derived mutually adjusted odds ratios (ORs 95% CI) of personal use or household ownership of a smartwatch or fitness tracker and personal use of a smartphone by age, sex, social grade, activity- or work-limiting disability, urban or rural, and home nation. Using the 2016 Health Survey for England (unweighted N=4539), we derived mutually adjusted ORs of the use of wearable trackers or websites or smartphone apps for weight management. The explanatory variables were age, sex, PA, deprivation, and body mass index (BMI). Furthermore, we stratified these analyses by BMI, as these questions were asked in the context of weight management. martphone use was the most prevalent of all technology outcomes, with 79.01% (weighted 2085/2639) of the Technology Tracker s le responding affirmatively. All other outcomes were % prevalent. Age ≥65 years was the strongest inverse correlate of all outcomes (eg, OR 0.03, 95% CI 0.02-0.05 for smartphone use compared with those aged 16-44 years). In addition, lower social grade and activity- or work-limiting disability were inversely associated with all Technology Tracker outcomes. Physical inactivity and male sex were inversely associated with both outcomes assessed in the Health Survey for England higher levels of deprivation were only inversely associated with websites or phone apps used for weight management. The conclusions did not differ meaningfully in the BMI-stratified analyses, except for deprivation that showed stronger inverse associations with website or phone app use in the obese. he sole use of PA data from wearable trackers or smartphone apps for UK national surveillance is premature, as those using these technologies are more active, younger, and more affluent than those who do not.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 09-11-2004
DOI: 10.1093/HER/CYG131
Abstract: The aims of the present study were to investigate (1) the proportion of adolescents in each of the stages of change, (2) the differences in psychosocial factors and in physical activity between the stages, and (3) the classification accuracy using several reference criteria. A random s le of 38 schools from the Flemish community in Belgium resulted in a s le of 5931 adolescents (mean age=14.8, range 12-18, 61% females). All adolescents completed a computerized questionnaire assessing demographic variables, physical activity, physical activity determinants and stages of change. Distribution across the stages was: precontemplation, n=684 (11.5%) contemplation, n=948 (16.0%) preparation, n=818 (13.8%) action, n=492 (8.3%) and maintenance, n=2989 (50.4%). Analyses revealed gender and age differences (P<0.001), with girls and older adolescents being more prevalent in the first three stages. Differences between the stages of change were related to higher levels of physical activity of different intensity and within different contexts (P<0.001), together with more favorable psychosocial determinants related to physical activity (P<0.001). No differences between stages were found for sedentary activities. Three subgroups of adolescents were identified based on psychosocial determinants and physical activity levels. About 71% of the adolescents placed themselves in a stage which was in accordance with their self-reported level of physical activity.
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 10-01-2012
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-2019
DOI: 10.1186/S12966-019-0882-6
Abstract: Physical activity (PA) plays a role in the prevention of a range of diseases including obesity and cardiometabolic disorders. Large population-based descriptive studies of PA, incorporating precise measurement, are needed to understand the relative burden of insufficient PA levels and to inform the tailoring of interventions. Combined heart and movement sensing enables the study of physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) and intensity distribution. We aimed to describe the sociodemographic correlates of PAEE and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in UK adults. The Fenland study is a population-based cohort study of 12,435 adults aged 29–64 years-old in Cambridgeshire, UK. Following in idual calibration (treadmill), participants wore a combined heart rate and movement sensor continuously for 6 days in free-living, from which we derived PAEE (kJ•day − 1 •kg − 1 ) and time in MVPA ( 3 & 4 METs) in bouts greater than 1 min and 10 min. Socio-demographic information was self-reported. Stratum-specific summary statistics and multivariable analyses were performed. Women accumulated a mean (sd) 50(20) kJ•day − 1 •kg − 1 of PAEE, and 83(67) and 33(39) minutes•day − 1 of 1-min bouted and 10-min bouted MVPA respectively. By contrast, men recorded 59(23) kJ•day − 1 •kg − 1 , 124(84) and 60(58) minutes•day − 1 . Age and BMI were also important correlates of PA. Association with age was inverse in both sexes, more strongly so for PAEE than MVPA. Obese in iduals accumulated less PA than their normal-weight counterparts, whether considering PAEE or allometrically-scaled PAEE (− 10 kJ•day − 1 •kg − 1 or − 15 kJ•day − 1 •kg -2/3 in men). Higher income and manual work were associated with higher PA manual workers recorded 13–16 kJ•kg − 1 •day − 1 more PAEE than sedentary counterparts. Overall, 86% of women and 96% of men accumulated a daily average of MVPA ( 3 METs) corresponding to 150 min per week. These values were 49 and 74% if only considering bouts 10 min (15 and 31% for 4 METs). PA varied by age, sex and BMI, and was higher in manual workers and those with higher incomes. Light physical activity was the main driver of PAEE a component of PA that is currently not quantified as a target in UK guidelines.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 25-08-2011
Abstract: Sedentary behaviors (involving prolonged sitting time) are associated with deleterious health consequences, independent of (lack of) physical activity. To inform interventions, correlates of prevalent sedentary behaviors need to be identified. We examined associations of socio-demographic, home-environmental and psychosocial factors with adults' TV viewing time and leisure-time Internet use and whether psychosocial and environmental correlates differed according to gender, age and educational attainment. This cross-sectional study was conducted in Ghent, Belgium, between March and May 2010. Respondents to a mail-out survey (n = 419 20-65 years mean age 48.5 [12.1] years 47.3% men) completed a questionnaire on sedentary behaviors and their potential socio-demographic, psychosocial and home environmental correlates. Statistical analyses were performed using multiple linear regression models. The independent variables explained 31% of the variance in TV viewing time and 38% of the variance in leisure-time Internet use. Higher education, greater perceived pros of and confidence about reducing TV time were negatively associated with TV viewing time older age, higher body mass index, larger TV set size and greater perceived cons of reducing TV time showed positive associations. Perceived pros of and confidence about reducing Internet use were negatively associated with leisure-time Internet use higher education, number of computers in the home, positive family social norms about Internet use and perceived cons of reducing Internet use showed positive associations. None of the socio-demographic factors moderated these associations. Educational level, age, self-efficacy and pros/cons were the most important correlates identified in this study. If further cross-sectional and longitudinal research can confirm these findings, tailored interventions focusing on both psychosocial and environmental factors in specific population subgroups might be most effective to reduce domestic screen time.
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 25-11-2020
DOI: 10.1136/BJSPORTS-2020-103270
Abstract: To examine the joint associations of accelerometer-measured physical activity and sedentary time with all-cause mortality. We conducted a harmonised meta-analysis including nine prospective cohort studies from four countries. 44 370 men and women were followed for 4.0 to 14.5 years during which 3451 participants died (7.8% mortality rate). Associations between different combinations of moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary time were analysed at study level using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis and summarised using random effects meta-analysis. Across cohorts, the average time spent sedentary ranged from 8.5 hours/day to 10.5 hours/day and 8 min/day to 35 min/day for MVPA. Compared with the referent group (highest physical activity/lowest sedentary time), the risk of death increased with lower levels of MVPA and greater amounts of sedentary time. Among those in the highest third of MVPA, the risk of death was not statistically different from the referent for those in the middle (16% 95% CI 0.87% to 1.54%) and highest (40% 95% CI 0.87% to 2.26%) thirds of sedentary time. Those in the lowest third of MVPA had a greater risk of death in all combinations with sedentary time 65% (95% CI 1.25% to 2.19%), 65% (95% CI 1.24% to 2.21%) and 263% (95% CI 1.93% to 3.57%), respectively. Higher sedentary time is associated with higher mortality in less active in iduals when measured by accelerometry. About 30–40 min of MVPA per day attenuate the association between sedentary time and risk of death, which is lower than previous estimates from self-reported data.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 04-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2022
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 21-05-2018
DOI: 10.1136/HEARTJNL-2017-312699
Abstract: To investigate the associations between using alternatives to the car which are more active for commuting and non-commuting purposes, and morbidity and mortality. We conducted a prospective study using data from 3 58 799 participants, aged 37–73 years, from UK Biobank. Commute and non-commute travel were assessed at baseline in 2006–2010. We classified participants according to whether they relied exclusively on the car or used alternative modes of transport that were more active at least some of the time. The main outcome measures were incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer, and CVD, cancer and all-cause mortality. We excluded events in the first 2 years and conducted analyses separately for those who regularly commuted and those who did not. In maximally adjusted models, regular commuters with more active patterns of travel on the commute had a lower risk of incident (HR 0.89, 95% CI 0.79 to 1.00) and fatal (HR 0.70, 95% CI 0.51 to 0.95) CVD. Those regular commuters who also had more active patterns of non-commute travel had an even lower risk of fatal CVD (HR 0.57, 95% CI 0.39 to 0.85). Among those who were not regular commuters, more active patterns of travel were associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality (HR 0.92, 95% CI 0.86 to 0.99). More active patterns of travel were associated with a reduced risk of incident and fatal CVD and all-cause mortality in adults. This is an important message for clinicians advising people about how to be physically active and reduce their risk of disease.
Publisher: American Diabetes Association
Date: 24-01-2023
DOI: 10.2337/DC22-1467
Abstract: To investigate the association between accelerometer-derived physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) and incident type 2 diabetes (T2D) in a cohort of middle-aged adults and within subgroups. Data were from 90,096 UK Biobank participants without prevalent diabetes (mean 62 years of age 57% women) who wore a wrist accelerometer for 7 days. PAEE was derived from wrist acceleration using a population-specific method validated against doubly labeled water. Logistic regressions were used to assess associations between PAEE, its underlying intensity, and incident T2D, ascertained using hospital episode and mortality data up to November 2020. Models were progressively adjusted for demographic, lifestyle factors, and BMI. The association between PAEE and T2D was approximately linear (n = 2,018 events). We observed 19% (95% CI 17–21) lower odds of T2D per 5 kJ · kg−1 · day−1 in PAEE without adjustment for BMI and 11% (9–13) with BMI adjustment. The association was stronger in men than women and weaker in those with obesity and higher genetic susceptibility to obesity. There was no evidence of effect modification by genetic susceptibility to T2D or insulin resistance. For a given level of PAEE, odds of T2D were lower among those engaging in more moderate-to-vigorous activity. There was a strong linear relationship between PAEE and incident T2D. A difference in PAEE equivalent to an additional daily 20-min brisk walk was associated with 19% lower odds of T2D. The association was broadly similar across population subgroups, supporting physical activity for diabetes prevention in the whole population.
Publisher: American Diabetes Association
Date: 10-2006
DOI: 10.2337/DC06-1341
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-05-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2007
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-05-2020
DOI: 10.1186/S12966-020-00960-5
Abstract: To gain more understanding of the potential health effects of sedentary time, knowledge is required about the accumulation and longitudinal development of young people’s sedentary time. This study examined tracking of young peoples’ total and prolonged sedentary time as well as their day-to-day variation using the International Children’s Accelerometry Database. Longitudinal accelerometer data of 5991 children (aged 4-17y) was used from eight studies in five countries. Children were included if they provided valid (≥8 h/day) accelerometer data on ≥4 days, including ≥1 weekend day, at both baseline and follow-up (average follow-up: 2.7y range 0.7–8.2). Tracking of total and prolonged (i.e. ≥10-min bouts) sedentary time was examined using multilevel modelling to adjust for clustering of observations, with baseline levels of sedentary time as predictor and follow-up levels as outcome. Standardized regression coefficients were interpreted as tracking coefficients (low: 0.3 moderate: 0.3–0.6 high: 0.6). Average total sedentary time at study level ranged from 246 to 387 min/day at baseline and increased annually by 21.4 min/day (95% confidence interval [19.6–23.0]) on average. This increase consisted almost entirely of prolonged sedentary time (20.9 min/day [19.2–22.7]). Total (standardized regression coefficient (B) = 0.48 [0.45–0.50]) and prolonged sedentary time (B = 0.43 [0.41–0.45]) tracked moderately. Tracking of day-to-day variation in total (B = 0.04 [0.02–0.07]) and prolonged (B = 0.07 [0.04–0.09]) sedentary time was low. Young people with high levels of sedentary time are likely to remain among the people with highest sedentary time as they grow older. Day-to-day variation in total and prolonged sedentary time, however, was rather variable over time.
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 04-08-2016
DOI: 10.1136/BJSPORTS-2016-096083
Abstract: We aimed to study the independent associations of 10-year change in sedentary behaviour (SB), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and objectively measured cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), with concurrent change in clustered cardiometabolic risk and its in idual components (waist circumference, fasting glucose, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides and blood pressure). We also determined whether associations were mediated by change in CRF (for SB and MVPA), waist circumference (for SB, MVPA and CRF) and dietary intake (for SB). A population-based s le of 425 adults (age (mean±SD) 55.83±9.40 65% men) was followed prospectively for 9.62±0.52 years. Participants self-reported SB and MVPA and performed a maximal cycle ergometer test to estimate peak oxygen uptake at baseline (2002–2004) and follow-up (2012–2014). Multiple linear regression and the product of coefficients method were used to examine independent associations and mediation effects, respectively. Greater increase in SB was associated with more detrimental change in clustered cardiometabolic risk, waist circumference, HDL cholesterol and triglycerides, independently of change in MVPA. Greater decrease in MVPA was associated with greater decrease in HDL cholesterol and increase in clustered cardiometabolic risk, waist circumference and fasting glucose, independent of change in SB. Greater decrease in CRF was associated with more detrimental change in clustered cardiometabolic risk and all in idual components. Change in CRF mediated the associations of change in SB and MVPA with change in clustered cardiometabolic risk, waist circumference and, only for MVPA, HDL cholesterol. Change in waist circumference mediated the associations between change in CRF and change in clustered cardiometabolic risk, fasting glucose, HDL cholesterol and triglycerides. A combination of decreasing SB and increasing MVPA, resulting in positive change in CRF, is likely to be most beneficial towards cardiometabolic health.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2009
DOI: 10.1016/J.JSAMS.2008.06.009
Abstract: Findings of previous studies suggest that the relationship between physical activity and mental health may change across different domains of physical activity, different dimensions of mental health, and different population subgroups. The present study examined associations between five types of physical activity with different contents: housework, leisure active transportation, biking to/from work, walking to/from work, and sports participation, and two dimensions of mental health: perceived stress and psychological distress, in 1919 participants aged 20-65 years, using the data from the Flemish Policy Research Centre Sport, Physical Activity and Health. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed with the total s le, and with the s le stratified by gender, age, and occupational category. Further, separate models were used in the gender and age subgroups of each occupational category. Sports participation was the only type of physical activity inversely associated with both stress (OR=0.375 CI: 0.200-0.704) and distress (OR=0.480 CI: 0.253-0.910). Sports participation related to less distress in unemployed mid-aged adults, and to less stress in unemployed women, unemployed young adults, and young adults with blue-collar jobs. Housework was associated with more stress and more distress in women with blue-collar jobs. In young adults with white-collar jobs, however, an inverse association between housework and distress was found. Biking to and from work was associated with more stress in men with blue-collar jobs. Results invite consideration for the utility, and perhaps the necessity, of differentiated health recommendations for physical health and for mental health in different population subgroups.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 17-05-2009
DOI: 10.1007/S10552-009-9356-5
Abstract: To investigate the prospective relationships between television viewing time and weight gain in the 3 years following colorectal cancer diagnosis for 1,867 colorectal cancer survivors (body mass index (BMI) > or = 18.5 kg/m(2)). BMI, television viewing time, physical activity, and socio-demographic and clinical covariates were assessed at baseline (5 months), 24 months and 36 months post-diagnosis. Multiple linear regression was used to study independent associations between baseline television viewing time and BMI at 24 and 36 months post-diagnosis. At both follow-up time points, there was a significant increase in mean BMI for participants reporting > or =5 h/day of television viewing compared to those watching <3 h/day at baseline (24 months: 0.72 kg/m(2) (0.31, 1.12), p < 0.001 36 months: 0.61 kg/m(2) (0.14, 1.07), p = 0.01), independent of baseline BMI, gender, age, education, marital status, smoking, cancer site, cancer disease stage, treatment mode and co-morbidities. Additional adjustment for baseline physical activity did not change results. These findings suggest that a greater emphasis on decreasing television viewing time could help reduce weight gain among colorectal cancer survivors. This, in turn, could contribute to a risk reduction for co-morbid conditions such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-04-2012
DOI: 10.1038/IJO.2012.58
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 06-2006
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 29-05-2019
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 22-10-2018
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 23-06-2010
DOI: 10.1093/IJE/DYQ105
Abstract: Television viewing (TV), a highly prevalent behaviour, is associated with higher cardiovascular risk independently of physical activity. The relationship with mortality, however, is relatively unknown. We examined the prospective relationship between TV time and all-cause, cardiovascular and cancer mortality in a population-based cohort [The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC), Norfolk] of 13 197 men and women {age [SD (standard deviation)]: 61.5 ± 9.0 years}. Participants were free from stroke, myocardial infarction and cancer at baseline in 1998-2000 and were followed up for death ascertainment until 2009 (9.5 ± 1.6 years). TV time, total physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE), education level, smoking status, alcohol consumption, anti-hypertensive and lipid-lowering medication use, participant and family history of disease and total energy intake were self-reported height and weight were measured by standardized procedures. Hazard ratios (HRs) [95% confidence interval (CI)] for mortality were estimated per 1-h/day increase in TV. Each 1-h/day increase in TV time was associated with increased hazard of all-cause (HR = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.01-1.09 1270 deaths) and cardiovascular (HR = 1.07, 95% CI = 1.01-1.15 373 deaths), but not cancer mortality (HR = 1.04, 95% CI = 0.98-1.10 570 deaths). This was independent of gender, age, education, smoking, alcohol, medication, diabetes history, family history of cardiovascular disease and cancer, body mass index (BMI) and PAEE. They were similar when stratified by gender, age, education, BMI and PAEE. The population-attributable fraction for all-cause mortality comparing the highest TV tertile (>3.6 h/day) with the lowest (<2.5 h/day) was 5.4%. These findings suggest that public health recommendations should consider advising a reduction in TV time, a predominant leisure activity in modern society, in addition to advocating physical activity.
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 24-02-2022
DOI: 10.1101/2022.02.23.22271386
Abstract: Although the cardiovascular disease (CVD) benefits of both overall volume and intensity of physical activity (PA) are known, the role of PA intensity, over and above volume, is poorly understood. We aimed to investigate the interplay between PA volume and intensity in relation to incident CVD. Data were from 88,412 UK Biobank participants without prevalent CVD (58% women) who wore an accelerometer on their dominant wrist for 7 days, from which we estimated total physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) using population-specific validation. Cox proportional hazards regressions modelled associations between PAEE (kJ/kg/day)] and PA intensity [%MVPA the fraction of PAEE accumulated from moderate-to-vigorous-intensity PA] with incident CVD, adjusted for potential confounders. There were 4,068 CVD events during 584,568 person-years of follow-up (median 6.8 years). Higher PAEE and higher %MVPA (adjusted for PAEE) were associated with lower rates of incident CVD. In interaction analyses, CVD rates were 17% (95%CI: 8-26%) lower when MVPA accounted for 20% rather than 10% of 15 kJ/kg/d PAEE equivalent to the difference between a 12-min stroll into a brisk 7-min walk. CVD rates did not differ significantly between values of PAEE when the %MVPA was fixed at 10%. However, the combination of higher PAEE and %MVPA was associated with lower CVD rates. Rates were 24% (10-35%) lower for 20 kJ/kg/d PAEE with 20% from MVPA, and 49% (23-66%) lower for 30 kJ/kg/d with 40% from MVPA (compared to 15 kJ/kg/d PAEE with 10% MVPA). Reductions in CVD risk may be achievable through higher levels of PA volume and intensity, with the role of moderately intense PA appearing particularly important for future CVD risk. Our findings support multiple approaches or strategies to PA participation, some of which may be more practical or appealing to different in iduals.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-2007
DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2007.10599427
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the test-retest reliability and concurrent validity of the Flemish Physical Activity Computerized Questionnaire (FPACQ) in employed/unemployed and retired people. The FPACQ was developed to assess detailed information on several dimensions of physical activity and sedentary behavior over a usual week. A triaxial accelerometer, the RT3 Triaxial Research Tracker (RT3), in combination with a written 7-day activity record, was used as the objective criterion measure. In employed/unemployed people, 2-week test-retest reliability for several activity variables calculated from the FPACQ was good to excellent with intraclass correlations (ICCs) ranging from .67 to .99. In retired people ICCs were lower but, except for time spent eating, still fair to excellent, ranging from .57 to .96. Except for time spent in leisure time activities for men and the average energy expenditure related to sports participation in women, correlations between the RT3 and the FPACQ generally supported the relative validity of the FPACQ for employed/unemployed people (r ranging from .37 to .88). Values for retired people were somewhat lower (r ranging from .15 to .85), but most variables still reached at least moderate correlations. Concerning absolute validity, the FPACQ generally overestimated physical activity and underestimated sedentary behavior compared to the RT3. From this study, it can be concluded that the FPACQ is a reliable and reasonably valid questionnaire for assessing different dimensions of physical activity and sedentary behavior.
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 25-11-2020
DOI: 10.1136/BJSPORTS-2020-102601
Abstract: To compare the country-level absolute and relative contributions of physical activity at work and in the household, for travel, and during leisure-time to total moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). We used data collected between 2002 and 2019 from 327 789 participants across 104 countries and territories (n=24 low, n=34 lower-middle, n=30 upper-middle, n=16 high-income) from all six World Health Organization (WHO) regions. We calculated mean min/week of work/household, travel and leisure MVPA and compared their relative contributions to total MVPA using Global Physical Activity Questionnaire data. We compared patterns by country, sex and age group (25–44 and 45–64 years). Mean MVPA in work/household, travel and leisure domains across the 104 countries was 950 (IQR 618–1198), 327 (190–405) and 104 (51–131) min/week, respectively. Corresponding relative contributions to total MVPA were 52% (IQR 44%–63%), 36% (25%–45%) and 12% (4%–15%), respectively. Work/household was the highest contributor in 80 countries travel in 23 leisure in just one. In both absolute and relative terms, low-income countries tended to show higher work/household (1233 min/week, 57%) and lower leisure MVPA levels (72 min/week, 4%). Travel MVPA duration was higher in low-income countries but there was no obvious pattern in the relative contributions. Women tended to have relatively less work/household and more travel MVPA age groups were generally similar. In the largest domain-specific physical activity study to date, we found considerable country-level variation in how MVPA is accumulated. Such information is essential to inform national and global policy and future investments to provide opportunities to be active, accounting for country context.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 19-06-2012
DOI: 10.1111/J.1464-5491.2012.03656.X
Abstract: Television viewing time is associated cross-sectionally with abnormal glucose tolerance and diabetes risk however, the impact of changes in television viewing time on glycaemic measures is less understood. We examined relationships of 5-year change in television viewing time with 5-year change in glucose homeostasis markers. Participants in the Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle study with data available at the 1999-2000 baseline and the 2004-2005 follow-up were included (4870 45% men). Television viewing time (h/week) was assessed by questionnaire. Fasting plasma glucose, serum insulin and 2-h plasma glucose were obtained from an oral glucose tolerance test. Beta-cell function and insulin resistance were ascertained using the homeostasis model assessment 2-calculator. Associations of change in television viewing time with changes in glucose homeostasis markers were examined using linear regression models [β-coefficients (95% CI)]. Adjustments included baseline measures of age, television viewing time and glycaemic marker, and baseline and 5-year change in diet quality, energy intake, physical activity and waist circumference. For every 5-h per week increase in television viewing time from baseline to 5-year follow-up, changes in glucose homeostasis markers were observed: among women there was a significant increase in fasting plasma glucose [0.01 (0.00-0.02) mmol/l] insulin resistance [0.03 (0.01-0.05)] and insulin secretion [1.07 (0.02-2.12) %] insulin levels increased [men: 1.20 (0.30-2.09) women: 1.06 (0.32-1.80) pmol/l] in men, 2-h plasma glucose levels increased [0.06 (0.01-0.1) mmol/l]. Five-year increases in television viewing time were associated adversely with changes in glucose homeostasis markers. These findings add to earlier cross-sectional evidence that television viewing time can be associated with biomarkers of diabetes risk.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-09-2020
DOI: 10.1186/S12966-020-01008-4
Abstract: Prolonged sitting time is a risk factor for chronic disease, yet recent global surveillance is not well described. The aims were to clarify: (i) the countries that have collected country-level data on self-reported sitting time (ii) the single-item tools used to collect these data and (iii) the duration of sitting time reported across low- to high-income countries. Country-level data collected within the last 10 years using single-item self-report were included. The six-stage methodology: (1) reviewing Global Observatory for Physical Activity! Country Cards (2–4) country-specific searches of PubMed, the Demographic and Health Survey website and Google (5) analysing the Eurobarometer 88.4 and (6) country-specific searches for World Health Organization STEPwise reports. A total of 7641 records were identified and screened for eligibility. Sixty-two countries (29%) reported sitting time representing 47% of the global adult population. The majority of data were from high-income (61%) and middle income (29%) countries. The tools used were the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ n = 34), a modified IPAQ ( n = 1) or the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ n = 27). The median of mean daily sitting times was 4.7 (IQR: 3.5–5.1) hours across all countries. Higher-income countries recorded a longer duration of sitting time than lower-income countries (4.9 vs 2.7 h). This study provides an updated collation of countries collecting self-reported sitting time data. The daily sitting time findings should be interpreted cautiously. Current surveillance of sitting time is limited by a lack of coverage. Measures of population sitting time that are valid, feasible and sensitive to change should be embedded within global surveillance systems, to help guide future policy, research and practice. Not applicable.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2022
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-03-2018
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 08-08-2017
DOI: 10.1093/IJE/DYX123
Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
Date: 06-2012
DOI: 10.1139/H2012-024
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 25-10-2019
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 13-07-2018
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 10-2005
DOI: 10.1079/PHN2005738
Abstract: To evaluate gender differences for levels of physical activity, for sedentary behaviour and for psychosocial correlates in children, to evaluate whether psychosocial correlates cluster in meaningful ways and to examine whether physical activity and sedentary behaviour differ between children of clusters, differentiated by the level of perceived barriers and benefits, attitudes, social support and self-efficacy. Cross-sectional study using the Flemish Physical Activity Questionnaire. Questionnaires to be filled out by the children and one of their parents, contacted through the school system. A s le of 1124 10- to 11-year-olds (579 boys and 545 girls). Girls were found to be less active than boys, with boys scoring better for social support, perceived benefits and self-efficacy compared with girls. The way of clustering differed between boys and girls. Boys were allocated to three clusters: one cluster with positive correlates towards physical activity, labelled ‘positives’ one with negative correlates, labelled ‘negatives’ and one characterised mainly by high perceived barriers, labelled ‘hindered’ . In both genders the highest levels of physical activity were found in the ‘positives’ , the lowest in the ‘negatives’ . In girls a fourth cluster was identified, characterised mainly by low perceived barriers and low social support. Physical activity levels in the girls of this cluster, labelled ‘indifferents’ , were the second highest. More research is needed to further characterise these clusters. To prevent the physical activity decline during the transition from childhood to adulthood, novel interventions need to be explored that focus on children of the clusters with the most negative correlates.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-02-2016
Publisher: American Diabetes Association
Date: 26-05-2009
DOI: 10.2337/DB08-1773
Abstract: To examine the prospective association between objectively measured time spent sedentary and insulin resistance and whether this association is independent of moderate- and vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA) and other relevant confounders. This was a population-based study (Medical Research Council Ely study) in 376 middle-aged adults (166 men 210 women) over 5.6 years of follow-up. Physical activity and sedentary time were measured objectively by in idually calibrated minute-by-minute heart rate monitoring at both baseline and follow-up. Sedentary time was calculated as the heart rate observations (in minutes) below an in idually predetermined threshold (flex heart rate) and expressed as a percentage of total monitored time during waking hours over 4 days. The percentage of time spent above 1.75 × resting heart rate represented MVPA. Fasting plasma insulin was used as a surrogate measure of insulin resistance. Time spent sedentary at baseline was significantly and positively associated with log fasting insulin at follow-up (β = 0.003, 95% CI 0.0006–0.006, P = 0.015) independent of baseline age, sex, fat mass, fasting insulin, smoking status, and follow-up time. After further adjustment for MVPA, this association was somewhat strengthened (β = 0.004, 95% CI 0.0009–0.006, P = 0.009). Time spent sedentary predicts higher levels of fasting insulin independent of the amount of time spent at moderate- and vigorous-intensity activity levels. This highlights the importance of reducing sedentary time in order to improve metabolic health, possibly in addition to the benefits associated with a physically active lifestyle.
Publisher: Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Date: 02-2006
Abstract: The reliability and validity of a physical activity computer questionnaire of a usual week were studied in 33 adolescents between 12 and 18 years of age. Intraclass correlation coefficients and Kappa values were calculated to verify test-retest reliability. Validity was investigated by calculating Pearson correlation coefficients between the questionnaire and the Computer Science and Applications uniaxial accelerometer (CSA). Accelerometer data were obtained during seven successive days (sum and mean counts, estimated MET). Intraclass coefficients generally exceeded 0.70 and all Kappa values but one varied between 0.44 and 1.00. Transport variables (active transport from and to school, and during leisure time) showed no relationship with CSA. Sport participation during leisure time, sport participation summed with total transport, and the frequencies of moderate and hard activity were significantly correlated with CSA (r between 0.48 and 0.78). These data indicate that the physical activity computer variables provide reliable information. Moreover, sport participation (and summed with total transport) and the frequencies of moderate and hard activity provide valid data about adolescents' usual week physical activity, based on CSA comparison.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 31-10-2007
Abstract: The association of sedentary behaviour and leisure time physical activity with a validated continuous metabolic syndrome risk score was investigated in adults. A number of 992 adults (559 men) without cardiovascular disease or diabetes. Subjects reported time spent in leisure time physical activity and television watching/computer activities. A validated metabolic syndrome risk score, based on waist circumference, triglycerides, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, was used. The metabolic syndrome risk score and time spent in sedentary behaviour and physical activity were analysed as continuous variables using multiple linear regression. Metabolic syndrome risk was positively associated with time spent watching television/computer activities, irrespective of physical activity level, and after adjustment for age, education level, smoking status and dietary intake in women aged > or =45 years (beta=0.184, P<0.05). Independent of the time being sedentary, moderate to vigorous leisure time physical activity was inversely associated with metabolic syndrome risk in men (<45 years: beta=-0.183, P or =45 years: beta=-0.192, P or =45 years (beta=-0.203, P or =45 years, besides promotion of moderate to vigorous physical activity, since both behavioural changes might show additional effects.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2014
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-11-2013
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-07-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2009
DOI: 10.1016/J.JADA.2009.09.003
Abstract: Introduction of complementary foods (weaning) before 4 to 6 months of age and unmodified cow's milk before age 12 months are associated with several health risks. To develop effective interventions to discourage these practices, evidence of their determinants is needed. This systematic review identified documents from seven electronic databases (database inception 2008) and reference lists, and by contacting authors. Seventy-eight studies in developed countries, published between 1976 and 2008, quantifying the association between either feeding practice and its potential determinants were included. Study quality was systematically assessed in terms of representativeness, s le size, method of outcome ascertainment, and approach to statistical analysis. The distribution of evidence for each determinant was visualized in a harvest plot showing the strength and direction of associations found and the quality of relevant studies. The strength of evidence for each determinant was summarized as strong, moderate, limited, or inconclusive, using an algorithm based on the consistency of the results of studies of the highest available quality. Strong evidence denoted that the determinant was examined in three or more high-quality studies and >/=75% of results were consistent. Strong evidence was found for six determinants of early weaning (ie, young maternal age, low maternal education, low socioeconomic status, absence or short duration of breastfeeding, maternal smoking, and lack of information or advice from health care providers) and for two determinants of early introduction of unmodified cow's milk (ie, low maternal education and low socioeconomic status). Of these determinants, improving advice given by health care providers appears the most tractable area for intervention in the short term.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 08-2010
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 31-10-2019
DOI: 10.1186/S12966-019-0858-6
Abstract: Evidence on the association between sitting for extended periods (i.e. prolonged sedentary time (PST)) and cardio-metabolic health is inconsistent in children. We aimed to estimate the differences in cardio-metabolic health associated with substituting PST with non-prolonged sedentary time (non-PST), light (LIPA) or moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in children. Cross-sectional data from 14 studies (7 countries) in the International Children’s Accelerometry Database (ICAD, 1998–2009) was included. Accelerometry in 19,502 participants aged 3–18 years, together with covariate and outcome data, was pooled and harmonized. Iso-temporal substitution in linear regression models provided beta coefficients (95%CI) for substitution of 1 h/day PST (sedentary time accumulated in bouts 15 min) with non-PST, LIPA or MVPA, for each study, which were meta-analysed. Modelling substitution of 1 h/day of PST with non-PST suggested reductions in standardized BMI, but estimates were 7-fold greater for substitution with MVPA (− 0.44 (− 0.62 − 0.26) SD units). Only reallocation by MVPA was beneficial for waist circumference (− 3.07 (− 4.47 − 1.68) cm), systolic blood pressure (− 1.53 (− 2.42 − 0.65) mmHg) and clustered cardio-metabolic risk (− 0.18 (− 0.3 − 0.1) SD units). For HDL-cholesterol and diastolic blood pressure, substitution with LIPA was beneficial however, substitution with MVPA showed 5-fold stronger effect estimates (HDL-cholesterol: 0.05 (0.01 0.10) mmol/l) diastolic blood pressure: − 0.81 (− 1.38 − 0.24) mmHg). Replacement of PST with MVPA may be the preferred scenario for behaviour change, given beneficial associations with a wide range of cardio-metabolic risk factors (including adiposity, HDL-cholesterol, blood pressure and clustered cardio-metabolic risk). Effect estimates are clinically relevant (e.g. an estimated reduction in waist circumference of ≈1.5 cm for 30 min/day replacement). Replacement with LIPA could be beneficial for some of these risk factors, however with substantially lower effect estimates.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-05-2022
DOI: 10.1186/S12916-022-02380-7
Abstract: Whether the associations of time spent in screen-based sedentary activities with CHD vary by genetic susceptibility is currently unknown. The objective of this study was to examine the interplay of genetic susceptibility to CHD and two prevalent types of screen-based sedentary activities (television [TV] viewing and computer use) for CHD incidence. This prospective cohort study included 373,026 in iduals of European ancestry without prevalent CHD/stroke from UK Biobank data. Genetic susceptibility to CHD was assessed using weighted polygenic risk scores, calculated by summing the number of risk-increasing alleles among 300 single-nucleotide polymorphisms, multiplied by their corresponding effect estimates. TV viewing and computer use were assessed through touch-screen questionnaires. CHD incidence ( n =9185) was adjudicated over a median 12.6-year follow-up. Compared with ≥4h/day of TV viewing, the hazard ratio of CHD was 0.84 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.79–0.90) and 0.94 (0.90–0.99) for ≤1h/day and 2–3h/day of TV viewing, respectively, after adjusting for confounders including the genetic risk. CHD hazards were higher for medium and high genetic risk than for low genetic risk. Across all levels of genetic risk including high-genetic risk, ≤1h/day of TV viewing had lower CHD hazards, compared with ≥4h/day: no evidence of interaction between genetic risk and TV viewing ( p value: 0.362). Estimates of the population attributable fraction (PAF) suggested that 10.9% (95% CI 6.1–15.3%) of CHD could be prevented if TV viewing time were reduced to ≤1h/day, assuming causality. The PAF values were relatively larger for medium-to-high genetic risk than for low genetic risk, although the CIs were wide and overlapping. No associations were observed for computer use. Less TV viewing time was associated with lower CHD risk independently of genetic risk. Clinical trials targeted at in iduals with high genetic susceptibility should consider reducing TV viewing as as a behavioural target for prevention of an early onset of cardiovascular events.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2007
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 17-08-2020
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 31-03-2020
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 10-2015
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 22-10-2021
DOI: 10.1101/2021.10.22.21265362
Abstract: Physical activity and sedentary behaviour are central to public health recommendations and highlight the need for precise measurement. Descriptive studies of objectively measured physical activity behaviours in African populations are rare. We aimed to develop a method of combining the signals from hip and thigh accelerometers to quantify physical behaviours and describe these by socio-demographic factors in a population of middle-aged men and women from urban South Africa. Physical behaviours were quantified by integrating the signals from two triaxial accelerometers worn simultaneously during free-living, in a subs le of participants from the Middle-aged Soweto Cohort (MASC) (n=794 mean (SD) age: 53.7 (6.3) years). Acceleration time-series from the two accelerometers were combined and movement-related acceleration derived using Euclidean Norm Minus One (ENMO, in milli-g). This was summarised as total movement volume (mean ENMO) and time spent in non-movement ( mg), light intensity physical activity (LPA, 28-85 mg) and moderate-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA, mg) thigh pitch angle and a sleep diary were used to further ide non-movement time (min/day) spent into sleep, awake sitting/lying, and standing. Socio-demographic factors were self-reported, and weight and height were measured. Mean (SD) wear time for combined thigh-hip accelerometry was 128 (48) hours. Movement volume was 15.0 (6.5) mg for men (n=437 53.6 (6.2) years) and 12.2 (3.4) mg for women (n=357 53 (5.8) years). Men spent more time in MVPA and sitting/lying, while women spent more time standing. Age was inversely associated with movement volume, MVPA and LPA in men and women. When compared to their normal weight counterparts, men who were overweight or obese spent less average daily time in MVPA, while women who were overweight or obese spent less time in LPA and more time sitting/lying. Socio-economic status was inversely associated with volume, MVPA and time spent sleeping, and positively associated with time spent sitting/lying, in both men and women. Integrating signals from hip and thigh accelerometers enables characterisation of physical behaviours that can be applied in an African population. Age, female sex, BMI and socio-economic status are inversely associated with physical activity and directly associated with sedentary behaviour.
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 03-2022
Abstract: As smartphone and wearable device ownership increase, interest in their utility to monitor physical activity has risen concurrently. Numerous ex les of the application of wearables in clinical and epidemiological research settings already exist. However, whether these devices are all suitable for physical activity surveillance is open for debate. In this commentary, we respond to a commentary by Mair et al. (2021) and discuss four key issues specifically relevant to surveillance that we believe need to be tackled before consumer wearables can be considered for this measurement purpose: representative s ling, representative wear time, validity and reliability, and compatibility between devices. A recurring theme is how to deal with systematic biases by demographic groups. We suggest some potential solutions to the issues of concern such as providing in iduals with standardized devices, considering summary metrics of physical activity less prone to wear time biases, and the development of a framework to harmonize estimates between device types and their inbuilt algorithms. We encourage collaborative efforts from researchers and consumer wearable manufacturers in this area. In the meantime, we caution against the use of consumer wearable device data for inference of population-level activity without the consideration of these issues.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 03-2016
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 27-04-2015
DOI: 10.1111/IJPO.12031
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-03-2018
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 03-2022
DOI: 10.1101/2022.03.01.22271683
Abstract: Cardiorespiratory fitness is rarely measured in population studies. Most studies of fitness do not examine differences by population subgroups or seasonal trends. We used a validated submaximal exercise test to measure fitness in 5976 women and 5316 men, residing in England. We expressed fitness as maximal oxygen consumption per kilogram total body mass (VO 2 max tbm ) and fat free mass (VO 2 max ffm ). Descriptive statistics were computed across anthropometric and sociodemographic characteristics, as well as across the year. Progressive multivariable analyses were performed to examine mediation by physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) and BMI. Mean±SD VO 2 max tbm was lower in women (35.4±7.6 ml·min -1 ·kg -1 ) than men (42.1±7.4 ml·min -1 ·kg -1 ) but VO 2 max ffm was similar (women: 59.7±11.8 ml·min -1 ·kg -1 men: 62.5±10.4 ml·min -1 ·kg -1 ). Fitness was inversely associated with age but not after adjustment for PAEE. People in more physically demanding jobs were fitter compared to those in sedentary jobs but this association was attenuated in women and reversed in men following adjustment for total PAEE. PAEE and BMI and were positively associated with fitness at all levels of adjustment when fitness was expressed relative to fat-free mass. Fitness during summer was 4% higher than the winter among women, but did not differ by season among men. Fitness was inversely associated with age but less steeply than anticipated, suggesting older generations are comparatively fitter than younger generations. PAEE and BMI were stronger determinants of the variance in fitness than any other characteristic including age. This emphasizes the importance of modifiable physical activity behaviours in public health interventions. Fitness was inversely associated with age but less steeply than anticipated, suggesting older generations are comparatively fitter than younger generations Relationships between cardiorespiratory fitness and sociodemographic characteristics were primarily mediated by physical activity. A one standard deviation difference in physical activity had the same impact on cardiorespiratory fitness as being 25 years younger
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-03-2020
DOI: 10.1186/S12966-020-00937-4
Abstract: UK Biobank is a large prospective cohort study containing accelerometer-based physical activity data with strong validity collected from 100,000 participants approximately 5 years after baseline. In contrast, the main cohort has multiple self-reported physical behaviours from 500,000 participants with longer follow-up time, offering several epidemiological advantages. However, questionnaire methods typically suffer from greater measurement error, and at present there is no tested method for combining these erse self-reported data to more comprehensively assess the overall dose of physical activity. This study aimed to use the accelerometry sub-cohort to calibrate the self-reported behavioural variables to produce a harmonised estimate of physical activity energy expenditure, and subsequently examine its reliability, validity, and associations with disease outcomes. We calibrated 14 self-reported behavioural variables from the UK Biobank main cohort using the wrist accelerometry sub-cohort ( n = 93,425), and used published equations to estimate physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE SR ). For comparison, we estimated physical activity based on the scoring criteria of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, and by summing variables for occupational and leisure-time physical activity with no calibration. Test-retest reliability was assessed using data from the UK Biobank repeat assessment ( n = 18,905) collected a mean of 4.3 years after baseline. Validity was assessed in an independent validation study ( n = 98) with estimates based on doubly labelled water (PAEE DLW ). In the main UK Biobank cohort ( n = 374,352), Cox regression was used to estimate associations between PAEE SR and fatal and non-fatal outcomes including all-cause, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, and cancers. PAEE SR explained 27% variance in gold-standard PAEE DLW estimates, with no mean bias. However, error was strongly correlated with PAEE DLW ( r = −.98 p 0.001), and PAEE SR had narrower range than the criterion. Test-retest reliability (Λ = .67) and relative validity (Spearman = .52) of PAEE SR outperformed two common approaches for processing self-report data with no calibration. Predictive validity was demonstrated by associations with morbidity and mortality, e.g. 14% (95%CI: 11–17%) lower mortality for in iduals meeting lower physical activity guidelines. The PAEE SR variable has good reliability and validity for ranking in iduals, with no mean bias but correlated error at in idual-level. PAEE SR outperformed uncalibrated estimates and showed stronger inverse associations with disease outcomes.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 14-05-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2015
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 07-2012
Publisher: American Diabetes Association
Date: 02-2008
DOI: 10.2337/DC07-1795
Abstract: OBJECTIVE—We examined the associations of objectively measured sedentary time and physical activity with continuous indexes of metabolic risk in Australian adults without known diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—An accelerometer was used to derive the percentage of monitoring time spent sedentary and in light-intensity and moderate-to-vigorous–intensity activity, as well as mean activity intensity, in 169 Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study (AusDiab) participants (mean age 53.4 years). Associations with waist circumference, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, resting blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, and a clustered metabolic risk score were examined. RESULTS—Independent of time spent in moderate-to-vigorous–intensity activity, there were significant associations of sedentary time, light-intensity time, and mean activity intensity with waist circumference and clustered metabolic risk. Independent of waist circumference, moderate-to-vigorous–intensity activity time was significantly beneficially associated with triglycerides. CONCLUSIONS—These findings highlight the importance of decreasing sedentary time, as well as increasing time spent in physical activity, for metabolic health.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2012
Publisher: AOSIS
Date: 04-09-2020
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 2020
Abstract: Background : Recent updates to physical activity guidelines highlight the importance of reducing sedentary time. However, at present, only general recommendations are possible (ie, “Sit less, move more”). There remains a need to investigate the strength, temporality, specificity, and dose–response nature of sedentary behavior associations with chronic disease, along with potential underlying mechanisms. Methods : Stemming from a recent research workshop organized by the Sedentary Behavior Council themed “Sedentary behaviour mechanisms—biological and behavioural pathways linking sitting to adverse health outcomes,” this paper (1) discusses existing challenges and scientific discussions within this advancing area of science, (2) highlights and discusses emerging areas of interest, and (3) points to potential future directions. Results : A brief knowledge update is provided, reflecting upon current and evolving thinking/discussions, and the rapid accumulation of new evidence linking sedentary behavior to chronic disease. Research “action points” are made at the end of each section—spanning from measurement systems and analytic methods, genetic epidemiology, causal mediation, and experimental studies to biological and behavioral determinants and mechanisms. Conclusion : A better understanding of whether and how sedentary behavior is causally related to chronic disease will allow for more meaningful conclusions in the future and assist in refining clinical and public health policies/recommendations.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2016
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 2007
DOI: 10.1002/AJHB.20592
Abstract: In this study, secular trends in anthropometric characteristics, physical fitness, physical activity, and biological maturity over the past 25-35 years in Flemish adolescents were investigated. Representative cross-sectional s les of 12-18-year-old secondary school children (11,899 assessments in boys in 1969-1974, 4,899 girls in 1979-1980, 1,429 boys and 1,772 girls in 2005) and parent-offspring pairs tested at approximately the same age during adolescence (55 father-son pairs, mean age fathers = 15.47 years, mean age sons = 15.38 years 62 mother-daughter pairs, mean age mothers = 16.63 years, mean age daughters = 15.01 years) were used. The cross-sectional data were analyzed in 6 yearly age-categories using Wilcoxon rank sum tests. For the parent-offspring data paired t-tests, simple linear regressions to adjust for parent-offspring differences in chronological age and multiple linear regressions to adjust for parent-offspring differences in chronological and skeletal age were conducted. The cross-sectional study generally revealed an increase in weight, stature, BMI, skinfolds and trunk-extremity index, and a decrease in the performance on several physical fitness tests. In the parent-offspring study, only sons were maturationally advanced compared to fathers. Even after adjustment for parent-offspring differences in chronological age and in chronological and skeletal age, results for stature, trunk-extremity index and physical fitness were generally similar to the cross-sectional study. No secular trend was observed for sports participation. The fact that the positive secular trends in weight, BMI, and skinfolds of the cross-sectional study were not entirely confirmed in the parent-offspring study is probably due to higher similarity in genetic and familial background, higher socio-economic status, and more health-consciousness of the latter.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 27-10-2022
DOI: 10.1093/EURHEARTJ/EHAC613
Abstract: The interplay between physical activity (PA) volume and intensity is poorly understood in relation to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. This study aimed to investigate the role of PA intensity, over and above volume, in relation to incident CVD. Data were from 88 412 UK Biobank middle-aged adults (58% women) without prevalent CVD who wore accelerometers on their dominant wrist for 7 days, from which we estimated total PA energy expenditure (PAEE) using population-specific validation. Cox proportional hazards regressions modelled associations between PAEE (kJ/kg/day) and PA intensity (%MVPA the fraction of PAEE accumulated from moderate-to-vigorous-intensity PA) with incident CVD (ischaemic heart disease or cerebrovascular disease), adjusted for potential confounders. There were 4068 CVD events during 584 568 person-years of follow-up (median 6.8 years). Higher PAEE and higher %MVPA (adjusted for PAEE) were associated with lower rates of incident CVD. In interaction analyses, CVD rates were 14% (95% confidence interval: 5–23%) lower when MVPA accounted for 20% rather than 10% of 15 kJ/kg/d PAEE equivalent to converting a 14 min stroll into a brisk 7 min walk. CVD rates did not differ significantly between values of PAEE when the %MVPA was fixed at 10%. However, the lowest CVD rates were observed for combinations of both higher PAEE and %MVPA. Reductions in CVD risk may be achievable through higher PA volume and intensity, with the role of moderately intense PA appearing particularly important. This supports multiple approaches or strategies to PA participation, some of which may be more practical or appealing to different in iduals.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 30-09-2021
DOI: 10.1038/S41366-021-00970-8
Abstract: Physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) represents the total volume of all physical activity. This can be accumulated as different underlying intensity profiles. Although volume and intensity have been studied in isolation, less is known about their joint association with health. We examined this association with body fatness in a population-based s le of middle-aged British adults. In total, 6148 women and 5320 men from the Fenland study with objectively measured physical activity from in idually calibrated combined heart rate and movement sensing and DXA-derived body fat percentage (BF%) were included in the analyses. We used linear and compositional isocaloric substitution analysis to examine associations of PAEE and its intensity composition with body fatness. Sex-stratified models were adjusted for socio-economic and dietary covariates. PAEE was inversely associated with body fatness in women (beta = −0.16 (95% CI: −0.17 −0.15) BF% per kJ day −1 kg −1 ) and men (beta = −0.09 (95% CI: −0.10 −0.08) BF% per kJ day −1 kg −1 ). Intensity composition was significantly associated with body fatness, beyond that of PAEE the reallocation of energy to vigorous physical activity ( METs) from other intensities was associated with less body fatness, whereas light activity (1.5–3 METs) was positively associated. However, light activity was the main driver of overall PAEE volume, and the relative importance of intensity was marginal compared to that of volume the difference between PAEE in tertile 1 and 2 in women was associated with 3 percentage-point lower BF%. Higher vigorous physical activity in the same group to the maximum observed value was associated with 1 percentage-point lower BF%. In this large, population-based cohort study with objective measures, PAEE was inversely associated with body fatness. Beyond the PAEE association, greater levels of intense activity were also associated with lower body fatness. This contribution was marginal relative to PAEE. These findings support current guidelines for physical activity which emphasise that any movement is beneficial, rather than specific activity intensity or duration targets.
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 02-07-2020
DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.01.20144154
Abstract: Resting heart rate (RHR) is inversely associated with cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) but few studies have investigated the nature of this relationship in large population s les. We examined the association between RHR and CRF in UK adults and explored factors that may influence this relationship. In a population-based s le of 5,143 men and 5,722 women (aged 29-65 years), mean (SD) RHR while seated, supine, and during sleep was 67.6 (9.8), 63.5 (8.9), and 56.9 (6.9) bpm, respectively. The age- and sex-adjusted association with CRF as assessed by submaximal treadmill testing was −0.26 (95%CI −0.27 −0.24), −0.31 (95%CI −0.33 −0.29), and −0.31 (95%CI −0.34 −0.29) ml O 2 kg -1 beat -1 . Sequential adjustment for objectively measured obesity and physical activity attenuated the RHR coefficient by 10% and 50%, respectively. In longitudinal analyses of 6,589 participants re-examined after 6 years, each 1 bpm increase in supine RHR was associated with 0.23 (95%CI 0.20 0.25) ml O 2 min -1 kg -1 decrease in CRF. Across all measures, RHR is inversely associated with CRF half of this association is explained by obesity and physical activity, suggesting CRF changes achieved through altered behaviour could be tracked through changes in RHR, a notion supported by longitudinal results. As well as its utility as a biomarker of CRF at population-level, serial measurements of RHR may facilitate personal goal setting/evaluation and remote patient monitoring.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-09-2007
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 22-04-2022
DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000002940
Abstract: Descriptive studies of objectively measured physical activity behaviors in African populations are rare. We developed a method of combining hip and thigh accelerometery signals to quantify and describe physical behaviors in middle-age South African men and women. We integrated signals from two triaxial accelerometers worn simultaneously during free-living, in a subs le of the Middle-age Soweto Cohort ( n = 794 mean (SD) age, 53.7 (6.3) yr). Acceleration time series from the accelerometers were combined and movement-related acceleration was derived using Euclidean Norm Minus One (in milligrams), to determine total movement volume (mean Euclidean Norm Minus One) and nonmovement time ( m g ), light-intensity physical activity (LPA 28–85 m g ), and moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA m g ) thigh pitch angle and a sleep diary were used to ide nonmovement time (in minutes per day) into sleep, awake sitting/lying, and standing. Sociodemographic factors were self-reported, and weight and height were measured. Mean (SD) wear time was 128 (48) h. Movement volume was 15.0 (6.5) m g for men and 12.2 (3.4) m g for women. Men spent more time in MVPA and sitting/lying, whereas women spent more time standing. Age was inversely associated with movement volume, MVPA, and LPA. When compared with their normal-weight counterparts, men who were overweight or obese spent less time in MVPA, whereas women who were overweight or obese spent less time in LPA and more time sitting/lying. Socioeconomic status was inversely associated with total movement volume, MVPA, and time spent sleeping, and positively associated with time spent sitting/lying, in both men and women. Integrating signals from hip and thigh accelerometers enables characterization of physical behaviors that can be applied in an African population.
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 29-01-2019
DOI: 10.2196/11898
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 02-2007
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 06-2017
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-03-2014
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 08-02-2019
DOI: 10.1101/542613
Abstract: Little is known about population levels of energy expenditure as national surveillance systems typically employ only crude measures. The National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS) in the UK measures energy expenditure in a 10% subs le by gold-standard doubly-labelled water (DLW). DLW-subs le participants from the NDNS (383 males, 387 females) aged 4-91yrs were recruited between 2008 and 2015. Height and weight were measured, and bodyfat percentage was estimated by deuterium dilution. Absolute Total Energy Expenditure (TEE) increases steadily throughout childhood, ranging from 6.3 and 7.2 MJ/day in 4-7yr-old to 9.9 and 11.8 MJ/day for 14-16yr-old girls and boys, respectively. TEE peaked in 17-27yr-old women (10.9 MJ/day) and 28-43yr-old men (14.4 MJ/day), before decreasing gradually in old age. Physical Acitivty Energy Expenditure (PAEE) declines steadily with age from childhood (87.7 kJ/day/kg in 4-7yr olds) through to old age (38.9 kJ/day/kg in 71-91yr olds). Bodyfat percentage was strongly inversely associated with PAEE throughout life, irrespective of expressing PAEE relative to bodymass or fat-free mass. Compared to females with % bodyfat, females % recorded 28 kJ/day/kg and 17 kJ/day/kg fat-free mass less PAEE in analyses adjusted for age, geographical region, and time of assessment. Similarly, compared to males with % bodyfat, males % recorded 26 kJ/day/kg and 10 kJ/day/kg fat-free mass less PAEE. This first nationally representative study reports levels of human energy expenditure as measured by gold-standard methodology values may serve as reference for other population studies. Age, sex and body composition are main biological determinants of energy expenditure. First nationally representative study of human energy expenditure, covering the UK in the period 2008-2015 Total Energy Expenditure (MJ/day) increases steadily with age thoughout childhood and adolescence, peaks in the 3 rd decade of life in women and 4 th decade of life in men, before decreasing gradually in old age Physical Acitivty Energy Expenditure (kJ/day/kg or kJ/day/kg fat-free mass) declines steadily with age from childhood to old age, more steeply so in males Bodyfat percentage is strongly inversely associated with physical activity energy expenditure
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-04-2022
DOI: 10.1186/S12966-022-01259-3
Abstract: Existing sedentary behaviour guidelines for children and youth target overall sedentary behaviour and recreational screen time, without any specific recommendations regarding school-related sedentary behaviours (i.e., sedentary behaviours performed during the school day, or within the influence of school). The purpose of this paper is to describe the development of international evidence-based recommendations for school-related sedentary behaviours for children and youth, led by the Sedentary Behaviour Research Network (SBRN). A panel of international experts was convened by SBRN in November 2020 to guide the development of these recommendations for children and youth aged ~ 5–18 years. The recommendations were informed by 1) age-relevant existing sedentary behaviour guidelines, 2) published research on the relationship between overall sedentary behaviour and health, 3) a de novo systematic review on the relationship between school-related sedentary behaviours and health and/or academic outcomes, and 4) a de novo environmental scan of the grey literature to identify existing recommendations for school-related sedentary behaviours. Draft recommendations were presented to the Expert Panel in June 2021. Following thorough discussion and modifications, updated recommendations were distributed for stakeholder feedback from July 9–26. Feedback was received from 148 stakeholders across 23 countries, leading to additional updates to the recommendations. Following further rounds of discussion and updates with the Expert Panel in August and September 2021, consensus was achieved on the final recommendations. A healthy day includes breaking up extended periods of sedentary behaviour and incorporating different types of movement into homework whenever possible, while limiting sedentary homework. School-related screen time should be meaningful, mentally or physically active, and serve a specific pedagogical purpose that enhances learning. Replacing sedentary learning activities with movement-based learning activities, and replacing screen-based learning activities with non-screen-based learning activities, can further support students’ health and wellbeing. This paper presents the first evidence-based recommendations for school-related sedentary behaviours for children and youth. These recommendations will support the work of parents, caregivers, educators, school system administrators, policy makers, researchers and healthcare providers interested in promoting student health and academic success.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 03-05-2022
Abstract: Emerging evidence suggests accruing sedentary behavior (SB) in relatively more prolonged periods may convey additional cardiometabolic risks, but few studies have examined prospective outcomes. We examined the association of SB accumulation patterns with incident cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, and all‐cause mortality (ACM). Data were from 7671 EPIC‐Norfolk (European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition–Norfolk) cohort middle‐ to older‐aged adults who wore accelerometers on the right hip for 4 to 7 days. Cox proportional hazards regression modeled associations between 2 measures of SB accumulation and incident CVD, cancer, and ACM. These were usual SB bout duration (the midpoint of each in idual’s SB accumulation curve, fitted using nonlinear regression) and alpha (hybrid measure of bout frequency and duration, with higher values indicating relatively shorter bouts and fewer long bouts). Models were adjusted for potential confounders, then further for 24‐hour time‐use compositions. During mean follow‐up time of 6.4 years, 339 ACM, 1106 CVD, and 516 cancer events occurred. Elevated rates of incident cancer and ACM were seen with more prolonged SB accumulation (lower alpha, higher usual SB bout duration) but not CVD. For usual SB bout duration and alpha, respectively, the confounder‐adjusted hazard ratios per SD of the exposure were 1.12 (95% CI, 1.02–1.23) and 0.88 (95% CI, 0.79–0.98) with incident cancer and 1.16 (95% CI, 1.07–1.26) and 0.80 (95% CI, 0.72–0.89) with ACM (all P .05). Further adjustment for 24‐hour time use weakened associations with ACM for usual bout duration (hazard ratio, 1.06 95% CI, 0.97–1.16 P =0.209) and partially for alpha (hazard ratio, 0.87 95% CI, 0.77–0.99 P =0.029). Accruing SB in longer bout durations was associated with higher rates of incident cancer and ACM but not with incident CVD, with some evidence of direct SB accumulation effects independent of 24‐hour time use. Findings provide some support for considering SB accumulation as an adjunct target of messaging to “sit less and move more.”
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 27-07-2021
DOI: 10.1186/S12966-021-01154-3
Abstract: Current physical activity guidelines do not distinguish between activity accumulated in different behavioural domains but some studies suggest that occupational physical activity (OPA) may not confer health benefits and could even be detrimental. The purpose of this study was to investigate associations between OPA and mortality outcomes. From baseline (2006–2010), 460,901 UK Biobank participants (aged 40–69 years) were followed for a median 12.0 (IQR: 11.3–12.7) years. OPA was categorised by cross-tabulating degree of manual work and walking/standing work amongst those in paid employment ( n = 267,765), and combined with categories of occupational status for those not in paid employment ( n = 193,136). Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate sex-stratified hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for mortality from all causes, CVD, and cancer by occupational group, and for working hours/week and non-occupational physical activity stratified by occupational group. Models included adjustment for age and a range of lifestyle, socio-economic and health-related covariates. During 5,449,989 person-years of follow-up, 28,740 deaths occurred. Compared to those reporting no heavy manual or walking/standing work (e.g. sedentary office workers) and adjusting for covariates, retirement was associated with lower mortality in women (HR = 0.62, CI: 0.53–0.72) and men (HR = 0.80, CI: 0.71–0.90), whereas unemployment was associated with higher mortality in men only (HR = 1.24, CI: 1.07–1.45). Within the working population, there was no evidence of differences in all-cause, CVD or cancer mortality by OPA group when comparing those reporting higher levels of OPA to the lowest OPA reference group for both women and men. Working 35 h/week versus 35–40 h/week was associated with lower mortality in women (HR = 0.85, CI: 0.79–0.92) and men (HR = 0.83, CI: 0.78–0.89), with no interaction by OPA. Non-occupational physical activity was associated with lower mortality in working women (HR = 0.89 per 5 kJ/day/kg, CI: 0.84–0.95) and men (HR = 0.87 per 5 kJ/day/kg, CI: 0.84–0.91), with no interaction by OPA group. Jobs classified as higher levels of OPA may not be as active as reported, or the types of physical activity performed in those jobs are not health-enhancing. Irrespective of OPA category or employment status, non-occupational physical activity appears to provide health benefits.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 22-05-2017
DOI: 10.1038/IJO.2017.122
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-04-2014
DOI: 10.1038/IJO.2014.66
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 25-05-2011
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-08-2020
DOI: 10.1186/S12966-020-01010-W
Abstract: Multi-country studies examining trends in sedentary behaviors among adolescents have mainly focused on high-income or Western countries, and almost no data exists for the rest of the world. Thus, this study aims to examine temporal trends in adolescents’ leisure time sedentary behavior (LTSB) employing nationally representative datasets from 26 countries from five WHO-defined geographical regions. Data from the Global School-based Student Health Survey 2003–2017 were analyzed in 17,734 adolescents [mean (SD) age: 13.7 (1.0) years 49.0% boys]. LTSB was self-reported and included all types of sedentary behaviors, excluding time spent at school or doing homework. The prevalence and 95%CI of high LTSB (i.e., ≥3 h/day) was calculated for the overall s le and by sex for each survey. Crude linear trends in high LTSB were assessed by linear regression models. Interaction analyses were conducted to examine differing trends among boys and girls. Temporal variations in LTSB substantially erged across countries, with results showing increasing (6/26 countries), decreasing (4/26) and stable trends. The sharpest increases in LTSB occurred in United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, and Thailand. Some countries did not show an increase in LTSB prevalence over time but had very high levels of LTSB (i.e., 40%) across multiple years. Most countries showed no differences in LTSB trends between boys and girls. Data from our study may serve as an important platform for policymakers, as well as local and national stakeholders, to establish country-specific and tailored strategies for reducing LTSB.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-02-2012
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 28-06-2013
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-01-2016
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 05-2019
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 25-08-2014
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 26-02-2007
Publisher: Impact Journals, LLC
Date: 11-01-2021
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 16-08-2019
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 05-04-2019
DOI: 10.1101/600650
Abstract: Wrist-worn accelerometry is the commonest objective method for measuring physical activity in large-scale epidemiological studies. Research-grade devices capture raw triaxial acceleration which, in addition to quantifying movement, facilitates assessment of orientation relative to gravity. No population-based study has yet described the interrelationship and variation of these features by time and personal characteristics. 2043 UK adults (35-65years) wore an accelerometer on the non-dominant wrist and a chest-mounted combined heart-rate-and-movement sensor for 7days free-living. From raw (60Hz) wrist acceleration, we derived movement (non-gravity acceleration) and pitch and roll (arm) angles relative to gravity. We inferred physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) from combined sensing and sedentary time from approximate horizontal arm-angle coupled with low movement. Movement differences by time-of-day and day-of-week were associated with arm-angles more movement in downward arm-positions. Mean(SD) movement was similar between sexes ∼31(42)mg, despite higher PAEE in men, 53(22) vs 48(19)J·min -1 ·kg -1 . Women spent longer with the arm pitched ° (53% vs 36%) and less time at ° (37% vs 53%). Diurnal pitch was 2.5-5° above and 0-7.5° below horizontal during night and daytime, respectively corresponding roll angles were ∼0° and ∼20° (thumb-up). Differences were more pronounced in younger participants. All diurnal profiles indicated later wake-times on weekends. Daytime pitch was closer to horizontal on weekdays roll was similar. Sedentary time was higher (17 vs 15hours/day) in obese vs normal-weight in iduals. More movement occurred in arm positions below horizontal, commensurate with activities including walking. Findings suggest time-specific population differences in behaviours by age, sex, and BMI.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 11-2008
DOI: 10.1017/S1368980007001425
Abstract: The purpose of the present study was to analyse the lipid profile in men and women differentiated according to energy expenditure during sports participation (EE SPORT ), energy expenditure during active leisure time (EE ALT ) and overall energy expenditure (EE TOTAL ). The subjects were grouped by sex, age, EE SPORT , EE ALT and EE TOTAL . Group differences were analysed using analyses of covariance with BMI and alcohol consumption as covariates. Physical activity was assessed using the Flemish Physical Activity Computerised Questionnaire. Fasting blood s les were taken to measure total cholesterol (TC), TAG, HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) and the ratio TC:HDL-C. The study s le consisted of 1170 Flemish men and women between 18 and 75 years of age. Differences in lipid profile were observed in the younger age group ( years), all in favour of the most active group. More specifically, when differentiating by EE ALT and EE TOTAL , men had a healthier lipid profile for TAG, HDL-C and TC:HDL-C. Differentiation according to EE SPORT revealed the same significant results except for TAG. In women significant results for HDL-C, LDL-C and TC:HDL-C were found when differentiated by EE SPORT . Men and women years of age with higher levels of energy expenditure due to sport show a better lipid profile than their sedentary counterparts. When differentiating subjects according to energy expenditure during active leisure time or overall energy expenditure, only in men was a healthier lipid profile observed in favour of the most active subjects.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-08-2016
DOI: 10.1007/S40279-016-0606-X
Abstract: The minimum intensity of physical activity (PA) that is associated with favourable body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) remains unknown. To investigate cross-sectional associations of PA and sedentary time (ST) with body composition and CRF in mid-childhood. PA, ST, body composition and CRF were measured in a population-based s le of 410 children (aged 7.6 ± 0.4 years). Combined heart-rate and movement sensing provided estimates of PA energy expenditure (PAEE, kJ/kg/day) and time (min/day) at multiple fine-grained metabolic equivalent (MET) levels, which were also collapsed to ST and light PA (LPA), moderate PA (MPA) and vigorous PA (VPA). Fat mass index (FMI, kg/m 2 ), trunk fat mass index (TFMI, kg/m 2 ) and fat-free mass index (FFMI, kg/m 2.5 ) were derived from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Maximal workload from a cycle ergometer test provided a measure of CRF (W/kg FFM). Linear regression and isotemporal substitution models were used to investigate associations. The cumulative time above 2 METs (221 J/min/kg) was inversely associated with FMI and TFMI in both sexes ( p 0.001) whereas time spent above 3 METs was positively associated with CRF ( p ≤ 0.002) CRF increased and adiposity decreased dose-dependently with increasing MET levels. ST was positively associated with FMI and TFMI ( p 0.001) but there were inverse associations between all PA categories (including LPA) and adiposity ( p ≤ 0.002) the magnitude of these associations depended on the activity being displaced in isotemporal substitution models but were consistently stronger for VPA. PAEE, MPA and to a greater extent VPA, were all positively related to CRF ( p ≤ 0.001). PA exceeding 2 METs is associated with lower adiposity in mid-childhood, whereas PA of 3 METs is required to benefit CRF. VPA was most beneficial for fitness and fatness, from a time-for-time perspective, but displacing any lower-for-higher intensity may be an important first-order public health strategy. Clinical trial registry number (website): NCT01803776 ( t2/show/NCT01803776 ).
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-06-2017
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 06-2014
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-2007
DOI: 10.1080/02640410600951563
Abstract: Longitudinal studies provide unique opportunities but are also faced with several limitations. The purpose of this study was to document three of these issues ("imperfect" design, evolution of data collection methods, representativeness) by means of the Leuven Longitudinal Study on Lifestyle, Fitness and Health (LLSLFH). The LLSLFH (1969 - 2004) comprises observations on males between 12 and 18 years and at 30, 35, 40, and 47 years, and on females at 16 and 40 years. In the most recent phase of the study, spouses and offspring were also included. The different phases and evolving research questions throughout the LLSLFH required an appropriate adaptation of the research design. The associated evolution of data collection methods largely reflects the changing ideas about physical fitness, body composition, and physical activity, the continuing search for new and better measurement techniques, and the need for adaptations with age. Ongoing study participants are representative in terms of body composition and, except for adolescence in males, also physical activity. No straightforward answer can be given concerning physical fitness. In both sexes, socio-economic status is above average. When informed about the possible "pitfalls" of longitudinal research in advance, several measures could be taken to prevent or limit them as much as possible.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2017
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 23-07-2013
DOI: 10.1111/JOSH.12078
Abstract: Sedentary behavior refers to activities involving sitting down and reclining (eg, watching TV, using the computer) and has been associated with different health outcomes. In preschool, children are sedentary for 50% to 80% of the time, in the classroom as well as during recess. Because of the absence of qualitative studies examining influencing factors of preschoolers' sedentary behavior in preschool settings, this study explored teachers' opinions on potentially influencing factors of this behavior. Eighty-seven teachers of 4- to 6-year-old preschoolers from 6 European countries participated in a total of 18 focus groups between October 2010 and January 2011. Key findings were reported separately by country, and were independently analyzed by 2 researchers using qualitative content analysis. Teachers perceive the lack of play space and small classroom size as being influential factors on preschoolers' sedentary behavior increasing play equipment and using teachers' prompts are mentioned as ways to stimulate children to be less sedentary on the playground. Computer use is reported to be more common in preschool than watching TV. Interventions should focus on increasing teachers' awareness of how sedentary preschoolers are during the preschool day. Teachers also should be informed about strategies to decrease sedentariness in the classroom and on the playground.
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 07-12-2021
DOI: 10.1136/BJSPORTS-2021-104827
Abstract: The joint associations of total and intensity-specific physical activity with obesity in relation to all-cause mortality risk are unclear. We included 34 492 adults (72% women, median age 62.1 years, 2034 deaths during follow-up) in a harmonised meta-analysis of eight population-based prospective cohort studies with mean follow-up ranging from 6.0 to 14.5 years. Standard body mass index categories were cross-classified with s le tertiles of device-measured total, light-to-vigorous and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and sedentary time. In five cohorts with waist circumference available, high and low waist circumference was combined with tertiles of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. There was an inverse dose–response relationship between higher levels of total and intensity-specific physical activity and mortality risk in those who were normal weight and overweight. In in iduals with obesity, the inverse dose–response relationship was only observed for total physical activity. Similarly, lower levels of sedentary time were associated with lower mortality risk in normal weight and overweight in iduals but there was no association between sedentary time and risk of mortality in those who were obese. Compared with the obese-low total physical activity reference, the HRs were 0.59 (95% CI 0.44 to 0.79) for normal weight-high total activity and 0.67 (95% CI 0.48 to 0.94) for obese-high total activity. In contrast, normal weight-low total physical activity was associated with a higher risk of mortality compared with the obese-low total physical activity reference (1.28 95% CI 0.99 to 1.67). Higher levels of physical activity were associated with lower risk of mortality irrespective of weight status. Compared with obesity-low physical activity, there was no survival benefit of being normal weight if physical activity levels were low.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-04-2022
DOI: 10.1186/S12966-022-01258-4
Abstract: The purpose of this systematic review was to examine the associations between school-related sedentary behaviours and indicators of health and well-being in children and youth (~ 5–18 years) attending school. This review was conducted to inform the development of School-Related Sedentary Behaviour Recommendations. Peer-reviewed, published, or in-press articles in English were included. Reviews, meta-analyses, and case studies were excluded all other study designs were eligible. Further, articles had to meet the a priori study criteria for population, intervention, comparator (PROSPERO ID: CRD42021227600). Embase, MEDLINE® ALL, and PsycINFO were searched. Risk of bias was assessed for in idual experimental studies using the Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool, and in observational studies based on the GRADE framework and in line with previous systematic reviews examining sedentary behaviours in children. Overall quality of evidence was assessed using the GRADE framework for each outcome category and study design. Results were synthesized narratively, grouped by study design and outcome category. Further, several high-level summaries were conducted to help interpret results. Evidence was synthesized from 116 reports, including 1,385,038 participants and 1173 extracted associations. More school-related sedentary behaviour was favourably associated with nearly one-third of extracted associations for cognitive (33%) and social-emotional (32%) indicators (e.g., less anxiety), but unfavourably associated with other movement behaviours (e.g., less physical activity) (35%). Active lessons were favourable (72%), compared to more school-related sedentary behaviours, when examining associations for all health and well-being indicators. More homework was favourable across all health and well-being indicators in 4% of extracted associations for primary school children, and 25% of extracted associations for secondary school children. However, ≥2 h/day of homework appeared to be unfavourable for health and well-being. Limitations for synthesized studies included generally low quality of evidence and a lack of studies in South American, African, or low-middle income countries. Findings can help inform policy makers, schools, and teachers, regarding the amount of homework assigned and the introduction of active lessons into the classroom to enhance health and well-being of children. More research is needed examining school-related sedentary behaviours and indicators of health and well-being in low- and middle-income countries.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 19-04-2019
DOI: 10.1093/IJE/DYZ065
Abstract: Associations between driving and physical-activity (PA) intensities are unclear, particularly among older adults. We estimated prospective associations of travel modes with total PA, sedentary time (ST), light-intensity PA (LPA), and moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA (MVPA) among adults aged 39–70 years. We studied 90 810 UK Biobank participants (56.1 ± 7.8 years). Driving status, specific travel modes (non-work travel commuting to/from work) and covariates were assessed by questionnaire (2006–10). PA was assessed over 7 days by wrist-worn accelerometers (2013–15). We estimated associations using overall and age-stratified multivariable linear-regression models. Drivers accumulated 1.4% more total PA (95% confidence interval: 0.9, 1.9), 11.2 min/day less ST (–12.9, –9.5), 12.2 min/day more LPA (11.0, 13.3) and 0.9 min/day less MVPA (–1.6, –0.2) than non-drivers. Compared with car/motor-vehicle users, cyclists and walkers had the most optimal activity profiles followed by mixed-mode users (e.g. for non-work travel, cyclists: 10.7% more total PA, 9.0, 12.4 20.5 min/day less ST, –26.0, –15.0 14.5 min/day more MVPA, 12.0, 17.2 walkers: 4.2% more total PA, 3.5, 5.0 7.5 min/day less ST –10.2, –4.9 10.1 min/day more MVPA, 8.9, 11.3 mixed-mode users: 2.3% more total PA, 1.9, 2.7 3.4 min/day less ST –4.8, –2.1 4.9 min/day more MVPA, 4.3, 5.5). Some associations varied by age (p interaction & 0.05), but these differences appeared small. Assessing specific travel modes rather than driving status alone may better capture variations in activity. Walking, cycling and, to a lesser degree, mixed-mode use are associated with more optimal activity profiles in adults of all ages.
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
No related grants have been discovered for Katrien Wijndaele.