ORCID Profile
0000-0003-0933-7833
Current Organisation
University Hospital of Lausanne
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Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 14-01-2018
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 18-04-2013
DOI: 10.1093/IJE/DYT010
Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
Date: 10-12-2007
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 15-01-2009
DOI: 10.1086/595703
Abstract: Early virological failure of antiretroviral therapy associated with the selection of drug-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in treatment-naive patients is very critical, because virological failure significantly increases the risk of subsequent failures. Therefore, we evaluated the possible role of minority quasispecies of drug-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1, which are undetectable at baseline by population sequencing, with regard to early virological failure. We studied 4 patients who experienced early virological failure of a first-line regimen of lamivudine, tenofovir, and either efavirenz or nevirapine and 18 control patients undergoing similar treatment without virological failure. The key mutations K65R, K103N, Y181C, M184V, and M184I in the reverse transcriptase were quantified by allele-specific real-time polymerase chain reaction performed on plasma s les before and during early virological treatment failure. Before treatment, none of the viruses showed any evidence of drug resistance in the standard genotype analysis. Minority quasispecies with either the M184V mutation or the M184I mutation were detected in 3 of 18 control patients. In contrast, all 4 patients whose treatment was failing had harbored drug-resistant viruses at low frequencies before treatment, with a frequency range of 0.07%-2.0%. A range of 1-4 mutations was detected in viruses from each patient. Most of the minority quasispecies were rapidly selected and represented the major virus population within weeks after the patients started antiretroviral therapy. All 4 patients showed good adherence to treatment. Nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor plasma concentrations were in normal ranges for all 4 patients at 2 separate assessment times. Minority quasispecies of drug-resistant viruses, detected at baseline, can rapidly outgrow and become the major virus population and subsequently lead to early therapy failure in treatment-naive patients who receive antiretroviral therapy regimens with a low genetic resistance barrier.
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 30-07-2018
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 07-03-2018
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 17-12-2011
DOI: 10.1093/CID/CIQ104
Abstract: Few data are available regarding the immunogenicity and safety of the pandemic influenza vaccine in immunocompromised patients. We evaluated the humoral response to the influenza A H1N1/09 vaccine in solid-organ transplant (SOT) recipients, in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, and in healthy in iduals. Patients scheduled to receive the pandemic influenza vaccine were invited to participate. All participants received the influenza A H1N1/09 AS03-adjuvanted vaccine containing 3.75 μg of hemagglutinin. SOT recipients and HIV-infected patients received 2 doses at 3-week intervals, whereas control subjects received 1 dose. Blood s les were taken at day 0, day 21, and day 49 after vaccination. Antibody responses were measured with the hemagglutination inhibition assay (HIA) and a microneutralization assay. Twenty-nine SOT recipients, 30 HIV-infected patients, and 30 healthy in iduals were included in the study. Seroconversion measured by HIA was observed in 15 (52%) of 29 SOT recipients both at day 21 and day 49 in 23 (77%) of 30 at day 21 and 26 (87%) of 30 at day 49 in HIV-infected patients, and in 20 (67%) of 30 at day 21 and in 23 (77%) of 30 at day 49 in control subjects (P = .12 at day 21 and P = .009 at day 49, between groups). Geometric means of antibody titers were not significantly different between groups at day 21 or at day 49. Influenza A H1N1/09 vaccine elicited a similar antibody response in HIV-infected in iduals and in control subjects, whereas SOT recipients had an overall lower response. A second dose of the vaccine only moderately improved vaccine immunogenicity in HIV-infected patients.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.JCV.2014.11.001
Abstract: Enterovirus (EV) is the most frequent cause of aseptic meningitis (AM). Lack of microbiological documentation results in unnecessary antimicrobial therapy and hospitalization. To assess the impact of rapid EV detection in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by a fully-automated PCR (GeneXpert EV assay, GXEA) on the management of AM. Observational study in adult patients with AM. Three groups were analyzed according to EV documentation in CSF: group A = no PCR or negative PCR (n=17), group B = positive real-time PCR (n = 20), and group C = positive GXEA (n = 22). Clinical, laboratory and health-care costs data were compared. Clinical characteristics were similar in the 3 groups. Median turn-around time of EV PCR decreased from 60 h (IQR (interquartile range) 44-87) in group B to 5h (IQR 4-11) in group C (p<0.0001). Median duration of antibiotics was 1 (IQR 0-6), 1 (0-1.9), and 0.5 days (single dose) in groups A, B, and C, respectively (p < 0.001). Median length of hospitalization was 4 days (2.5-7.5), 2 (1-3.7), and 0.5 (0.3-0.7), respectively (p < 0.001). Median hospitalization costs were $5458 (2676-6274) in group A, $2796 (2062-5726) in group B, and $921 (765-1230) in group C (p < 0.0001). Rapid EV detection in CSF by a fully-automated PCR improves management of AM by significantly reducing antibiotic use, hospitalization length and costs.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 13-08-2015
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Date: 19-11-2021
Abstract: Alcohol-induced mGluR2 deficits are restored by psilocybin, resulting in a rescue of pathological behaviors in alcoholism.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 19-08-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2014
Publisher: Massachusetts Medical Society
Date: 13-12-2012
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMC1212350
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2011
DOI: 10.1016/J.HEALUN.2011.01.705
Abstract: In this study we compared the immunogenicity of influenza vaccine administered intradermally to the standard intramuscular vaccination in lung transplant recipients. Patients were randomized to receive the trivalent inactivated seasonal 2008-9 influenza vaccine containing either 6 μg (intradermal) or 15 μg (intramuscular) of hemagglutinin per viral strain. Immunogenicity was assessed by measurement of geometric mean titer of antibodies using the hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) assay. Vaccine response was defined as a 4-fold or higher increase of antibody titers to at least one vaccine antigen. Eighty-five patients received either the intradermal (n = 41) or intramuscular (n = 44) vaccine. Vaccine response was seen in 6 of 41 patients (14.6%) in the intradermal vs 8 of 43 (18.6%) in the intramuscular group (p = 0.77). Seroprotection (HI ≥ 1:32) was 39% for H1N1, 83% for H3N2 and 29% for B strain in the intradermal group vs 28% for H1N1, 98% for H3N2 and 58% for B strain in the intramuscular group (p = 0.36 for H1N1, p = 0.02 for H3N2, p < 0.01 for B). Mild adverse events were seen in 44% of patients in the intradermal group and 34% in the intramuscular group (p = 0.38). Immunogenicity of the 2008-9 influenza vaccine given intradermally or intramuscularly was overall poor in lung transplant recipients. Novel strategies for influenza vaccination in this population are needed.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 22-01-2011
DOI: 10.1093/CID/CIQ191
Abstract: We report a Mycobacterium haemophilum outbreak after permanent make-up of the eyebrows performed by the same freelance artist. Twelve patients presented an eyebrow lesion and cervical lymphadenitis. All were treated with antibiotics. Surgery was required in 10 cases. M. haemophilum DNA was identified in the make-up ink.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 15-12-2011
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2011
DOI: 10.1586/ERM.10.109
Abstract: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection has historically been a major complication among immunocompromised patients, such as solid-organ and stem-cell transplant recipients and patients with advanced HIV infection. While the introduction of antiretroviral therapy has almost eradicated CMV infection in HIV-infected patients, CMV disease remains a significant problem in transplant recipients once antiviral prophylaxis is discontinued. QuantiFERON(®)-CMV allows the assessment of cellular immunity against CMV by detecting the production of IFN-γ following in vitro stimulation with CMV antigens. Preliminary studies have shown a correlation between a lack of detectable cell-mediated immunity measured by the QuantiFERON-CMV assay and a higher incidence of CMV infection and disease in immunocompromised patients. Measurement of cell-mediated immunity against CMV appears to be a promising strategy to identify patients at highest risk for the development of CMV disease and, therefore, to in idualize preventive strategies for CMV in transplant recipients.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-12-2021
DOI: 10.1111/HIV.13210
Abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the impact of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection on non‐liver malignancies in people living with HIV (PLWH). All persons aged ≥ 18 years with known hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen (HBsAg) status after the latest of 1 January 2001 and enrolment in the EuroSIDA cohort (baseline) were included in the study persons were categorized as HBV positive or negative using the latest HBsAg test and followed to their first diagnosis of nonliver malignancy or their last visit. Of 17 485 PLWH included in the study, 1269 (7.2%) were HBV positive at baseline. During 151 766 person‐years of follow‐up (PYFU), there were 1298 nonliver malignancies, 1199 in those currently HBV negative [incidence rate (IR) 8.42/1000 PYFU 95% confidence interval (CI) 7.94–8.90/1000 PYFU] and 99 in those HBV positive (IR 10.54/1000 PYFU 95% CI 8.47–12.62/1000 PYFU). After adjustment for baseline confounders, there was a significantly increased incidence of nonliver malignancies in HBV‐positive versus HBV‐negative in iduals [adjusted incidence rate ratio (aIRR) 1.23 95% CI 1.00–1.51]. Compared to HBV‐negative in iduals, HBsAg‐positive/HBV‐DNA‐positive in iduals had significantly increased incidences of nonliver malignancies (aIRR 1.37 95% CI 1.00–1.89) and NHL (aIRR 2.57 95% CI 1.16–5.68). There was no significant association between HBV and lung or anal cancer. We found increased rates of nonliver malignancies in HBsAg‐positive participants, the increases being most pronounced in those who were HBV DNA positive and for NHL. If confirmed, these results may have implications for increased cancer screening in HIV‐positive subjects with chronic HBV infection.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 26-11-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2007
DOI: 10.1111/J.1600-6143.2007.02011.X
Abstract: Screening for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is recommended prior to organ transplantation. The Quantiferon-TB Gold assay (QFT-G) may be more accurate than the tuberculin skin test (TST) in the detection of LTBI. We prospectively compared the results of QFT-G to TST in patients with chronic liver disease awaiting transplantation. Patients were screened for LTBI with both the QFT-G test and a TST. Concordance between test results and predictors of a discordant result were determined. Of the 153 evaluable patients, 37 (24.2%) had a positive TST and 34 (22.2%) had a positive QFT-G. Overall agreement between tests was 85.1% (kappa= 0.60, p < 0.0001). Discordant test results were seen in 12 TST positive/QFT-G negative patients and in 9 TST negative/QFT-G positive patients. Prior BCG vaccination was not associated with discordant test results. Twelve patients (7.8%), all with a negative TST, had an indeterminate result of the QFT-G and this was more likely in patients with a low lymphocyte count (p = 0.01) and a high MELD score (p = 0.001). In patients awaiting liver transplantation, both the TST and QFT-G were comparable for the diagnosis of LTBI with reasonable concordance between tests. Indeterminate QFT-G result was more likely in those with more advanced liver disease.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2016
No related grants have been discovered for matthias cavassini.