ORCID Profile
0000-0002-6533-4410
Current Organisation
University of Technology Sydney
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Bioassays | Analytical spectrometry | Analytical Chemistry | Analytical chemistry | Analytical Biochemistry | Analytical Spectrometry | Immunological and Bioassay Methods
Expanding Knowledge in the Chemical Sciences | Expanding Knowledge in the Biological Sciences |
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.1039/C6AY02545E
Abstract: Dried micro-droplets were used to characterise the formation of polyatomic interferences by LA-ICP-MS.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.MARENVRES.2015.03.007
Abstract: Over 7500 oil and gas structures (e.g. oil platforms) are installed in offshore waters worldwide and many will require decommissioning within the next two decades. The decision to remove such structures or turn them into reefs (i.e. 'rigs-to-reefs') hinges on the habitat value they provide, yet this can rarely be determined because the residency of mobile species is difficult to establish. Here, we test a novel solution to this problem for reef fishes the use of otolith (earstone) properties to identify oil structures of residence. We compare the otolith microchemistry and otolith shape of a site-attached coral reef fish (Pseudanthias rubrizonatus) among four oil structures (depth 82-135 m, separated by 9.7-84.2 km) on Australia's North West Shelf to determine if populations developed distinct otolith properties during their residency. Microchemical signatures obtained from the otolith edge using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) differed among oil structures, driven by elements Sr, Ba and Mn, and to a lesser extent Mg and Fe. A combination of microchemical data from the otolith edge and elliptical Fourier (shape) descriptors allowed allocation of in iduals to their 'home' structure with moderate accuracy (overall allocation accuracy: 63.3%, range: 45.5-78.1%), despite lower allocation accuracies for each otolith property in isolation (microchemistry: 47.5%, otolith shape: 45%). Site-specific microchemical signatures were also stable enough through time to distinguish populations during 3 separate time periods, suggesting that residence histories could be recreated by targeting previous growth zones in the otolith. Our results indicate that reef fish can develop unique otolith properties during their residency on oil structures which may be useful for assessing the habitat value of in idual structures. The approach outlined here may also be useful for determining the residency of reef fish on artificial reefs, which would assist productivity assessments of these habitats.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 2017
DOI: 10.1039/C6MT00260A
Abstract: The biological transition metals iron (Fe), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) are thought to contribute to the neuronal pathologies that occur following traumatic brain injury (TBI), and indeed our previously published work in young (3 month-old) mice clearly demonstrates a significant spatiotemporal modulation of metals following TBI. Of note, however, is the literature observation that there is both an apparent detrimental effect of aging on TBI outcomes and an alteration in metals and their various transporters with normal advancing age. Therefore, to determine whether there was an interaction between aging, metals and TBI, we have utilised laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry to examine the spatial and temporal distribution of Fe, Zn and Cu following an acute controlled cortical impact brain injury in aged (24 months) rodents. The relative abundance of metals in corresponding regions within the ipsilateral and contralateral hemispheres as well as the hippoc us was assessed. Substantial region and time point specific alterations in Fe, Zn and Cu were identified immediately and up to 28 days post-TBI. The data from this follow-up study has also been compared to our previous data from young animals, and aged mice exhibit an appreciably enhanced and persistent elevation of all metals in every region surveyed, with in idual metal disparities at various time points observed post-injury. This may potentially contribute to the acceleration in the onset of cognitive decline and neurological disease that has been observed in the aged population following head trauma.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 22-05-2013
DOI: 10.1038/NATURE12169
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-02-2018
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 19-09-2018
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 21-05-2021
DOI: 10.1021/ACS.CHEMREV.0C01219
Abstract: Elemental imaging gives insight into the fundamental chemical makeup of living organisms. Every cell on Earth is comprised of a complex and dynamic mixture of the chemical elements that define structure and function. Many disease states feature a disturbance in elemental homeostasis, and understanding how, and most importantly where, has driven the development of laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) as the principal elemental imaging technique for biologists. This review provides an outline of ICP-MS technology, laser ablation cell designs, imaging workflows, and methods of quantification. Detailed ex les of imaging applications including analyses of cancers, elemental uptake and accumulation, plant bioimaging, nanomaterials in the environment, and exposure science and neuroscience are presented and discussed. Recent incorporation of immunohistochemical workflows for imaging biomolecules, complementary and multimodal imaging techniques, and image processing methods is also reviewed.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2018
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 26-08-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2021
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 24-01-2023
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2014.05.115
Abstract: Microchemical analysis of otolith (calcified 'ear stones' used for balance and orientation) of fishes is an important tool for studying their environmental history and management. However, the spatial resolution achieved is often too coarse to examine short-term events occurring in early life. Current methods rely on single points or transects across the otolith surface, which may provide a limited view of elemental distributions, a matter that has not previously been investigated. Imaging by laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) permits microchemical analyses of short-term events in early life with high ( 97% was achieved using a multi-point non matrix-matched calibration of National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) 610 and 612 (trace elements in glass) using Longerich's calculation method against the matrix-matched standard FEBS-1 (powdered red snapper [Lutjanus c echanus] otolith). The spatial resolution achieved in the otolith corresponded to a time period of 2 ± 1 days during the larval phase, and 4 ± 1 days during the post-settlement juvenile phase. This method has the potential to improve interpretations of early life-history events at scales corresponding to specific events. While the images showed gradients in Sr and Ba across the larval settlement zone more clearly than single transects, the method proved s le homogeneity throughout the structure demonstrating that 2D scanning has no significant advantage over line scans.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 20-06-2021
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2015
DOI: 10.1039/C5SC02231B
Abstract: Studying the neuroanatomy of the mouse brain using imaging mass spectrometry and chemometric analysis.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 02-08-2017
DOI: 10.1021/ACS.INORGCHEM.7B01368
Abstract: Dense tumors are resistant to conventional chemotherapies due to the unique tumor microenvironment characterized by hypoxic regions that promote cellular dormancy. Bioreductive drugs that are activated in response to this hypoxic environment are an attractive strategy for therapy with anticipated lower harmful side effects in normoxic healthy tissue. Cobalt bioreductive pro-drugs that selectively release toxic payloads upon reduction in hypoxic cells have shown great promise as anticancer agents. However, the bioreductive response in the tumor microenvironment must be better understood, as current techniques for monitoring bioreduction to Co(II) such as X-ray absorption near-edge structure and extended X-ray absorption fine structure provide limited information on speciation and require synchrotron radiation sources. Here, we present magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as an accessible and powerful technique to monitor bioreduction by treating the cobalt complex as an MRI contrast agent and monitoring the change in water signal induced by reduction from diamagnetic Co(III) to paramagnetic Co(II). Cobalt pro-drugs built upon the tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine ligand scaffold with varying charge were investigated for distribution and activity in a 3D tumor spheroid model by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) and MRI. In addition, paramagnetic
Publisher: MyJove Corporation
Date: 09-12-2022
DOI: 10.3791/63779
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 25-07-2021
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-02-2021
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-021-82483-Y
Abstract: Plasma noradrenaline levels increase with aging, and this could contribute to the sympathetic overactivity that is associated with essential hypertension and the metabolic syndrome. The underlying cause of this rise in noradrenaline is unknown, but a clue may be that mercury increases noradrenaline output from the adrenal medulla of experimental animals. We therefore determined the proportion of people from 2 to 104 years of age who had mercury in their adrenal medulla. Mercury was detected in paraffin sections of autopsied adrenal glands using two methods of elemental bioimaging, autometallography and laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Mercury first appeared in cells of the adrenal medulla in the 21–40 years group, where it was present in 52% of s les, and increased progressively in frequency in older age groups, until it was detected in 90% of s les from people aged over 80 years. In conclusion, the proportion of people having mercury in their adrenal medulla increases with aging. Mercury could alter the metabolism of catecholamines in the adrenal medulla that leads to the raised levels of plasma noradrenaline in aging. This retrospective autopsy study was not able to provide a definitive link between adrenal mercury, noradrenaline levels and hypertension, but future functional human and experimental studies could provide further evidence for these associations.
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2014
DOI: 10.1039/C3SC53461H
Abstract: Imaging of iron and dopamine by laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry reveals a risk index for parkinsonian neurodegeneration
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 02-12-2020
Abstract: Toxic metals have been implicated in the pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer. Human exposure to mercury is widespread, but it is not known how often mercury is present in the human pancreas and which cells might contain mercury. We therefore aimed to determine, in people with and without pancreatic cancer, the distribution and prevalence of mercury in pancreatic cells. Paraffin-embedded sections of normal pancreatic tissue were obtained from pancreatectomy s les of 45 people who had pancreatic adenocarcinoma, and from autopsy s les of 38 people without pancreatic cancer. Mercury was identified using two methods of elemental bio-imaging: (1) With autometallography, inorganic mercury was seen in islet cells in 14 of 30 males (47%) with pancreatic cancer compared to two of 17 males (12%) without pancreatic cancer (p = 0.024), and in 10 of 15 females (67%) with pancreatic cancer compared to four of 21 females (19%) without pancreatic cancer (p = 0.006). Autometallographic mercury was present in acinar cells in 24% and in periductal cells in 11% of people with pancreatic cancer, but not in those without pancreatic cancer. (2) Laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry confirmed the presence of mercury in islets that stained with autometallography and detected cadmium, lead, chromium, iron, nickel and aluminium in some s les. In conclusion, the genotoxic metal mercury is found in normal pancreatic cells in more people with, than without, pancreatic cancer. These findings support the hypothesis that toxic metals such as mercury contribute to the pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer.
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2015
DOI: 10.1039/C5RA23953B
Abstract: Elemental imaging using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was performed on whole leaves of the hyperaccumulating plant Noccaea caerulescens after treatments with either Ni, Zn or Cd.
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 09-02-2021
DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0246748
Abstract: Mercury and other toxic metals have been suggested to be involved in thyroid disorders, but the distribution and prevalence of mercury in the human thyroid gland is not known. We therefore used two elemental bio-imaging techniques to look at the distribution of mercury and other toxic metals in the thyroid glands of people over a wide range of ages. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded thyroid tissue blocks were obtained from 115 people aged 1–104 years old, with varied clinicopathological conditions, who had thyroid s les removed during forensic/coronial autopsies. Seven-micron sections from these tissue blocks were used to detect intracellular inorganic mercury using autometallography. The presence of mercury was confirmed using laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry which can detect multiple elements. Mercury was found on autometallography in the thyroid follicular cells of 4% of people aged 1–29 years, 9% aged 30–59 years, and 38% aged 60–104 years. Laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry confirmed the presence of mercury in s les staining with autometallography, and detected cadmium, lead, iron, nickel and silver in selected s les. The proportion of people with mercury in their thyroid follicular cells increases with age, until it is present in over one-third of people aged 60 years and over. Other toxic metals in thyroid cells could enhance mercury toxicity. Mercury can trigger genotoxicity, autoimmune reactions, and oxidative damage, which raises the possibility that mercury could play a role in the pathogenesis of thyroid cancers, autoimmune thyroiditis, and hypothyroidism.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 17-06-2023
Abstract: The phosphatidylinositols and phosphatidylinositol phosphates are a set of closely related lipids known to influence various cellular functions. Irregular distributions of these molecules have been correlated with the development and progression of multiple diseases, including Alzheimer's, bipolar disorder, and various cancers. As a result, there is continued interest regarding the speciation of these compounds, with specific consideration on how their distribution may differ between healthy and diseased tissue. The comprehensive analysis of these compounds is challenging due to their varied and unique chemical characteristics, and current generalized lipidomics methods have proven unsuitable for phosphatidylinositol analysis and remain incapable of phosphatidylinositol phosphate analysis. Here we improved upon current methods by enabling the sensitive and simultaneous analysis of phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol phosphate species, whilst enhancing their characterization through chromatographic resolution between isomeric species. A 1 mM ammonium bicarbonate and ammonia buffer was determined optimal for this goal, enabling the identification of 148 phosphatidylinositide species, including 23 lyso‐phosphatidylinositols, 51 phosphatidylinositols, 59 oxidized‐phosphatidylinositols, and 15 phosphatidylinositol phosphates. As a result of this analysis, four distinct canola cultivars were differentiated based exclusively on their unique phosphatidylinositide‐lipidome, indicating analyses of this type may be of use when considering the development and progression of the disease through lipidomic profiles.
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 29-10-2020
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 17-11-2017
Publisher: Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.
Date: 21-05-2015
Publisher: Portland Press Ltd.
Date: 02-2009
DOI: 10.1042/BIO03101046
Abstract: Trace elements play a key role in a wide range of biological processes. A full understanding of those processes requires a knowledge not only of the genomics and proteomics of the organism, but also the distribution and concentration of trace elements. A new application of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) provides the capability to directly visualize trace elements in soft tissue, offering the promise of improved diagnosis and monitoring of disease.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 10-03-2010
DOI: 10.1021/AC902650W
Abstract: Internal exposure from naturally occurring radionuclides (including the inhaled long-lived actinides (232)Th and (238)U) is a component of the ubiquitous background radiation dose (National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements. Ionizing radiation exposure of the population of the United States NCRP Report No. 160 NCRP: Bethesda, MD, 2009). It is of interest to compare the concentration distribution of these natural alpha-emitters in the lungs and respiratory lymph nodes with those resulting from occupational exposure, including exposure to anthropogenic plutonium and depleted and enriched uranium. This study examines the application of laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS) to quantifying and visualizing the mass distribution of uranium and thorium isotopes from both occupational and natural background exposure in human respiratory tissues and, for the first time, extends this application to the direct imaging of plutonium isotopes. Sections of lymphatic and lung tissues taken from deceased former nuclear workers with a known history of occupational exposure to specific actinide elements (uranium, plutonium, or americium) were analyzed by LA-ICPMS. Using a previously developed LA-ICPMS protocol for elemental bio-imaging of trace elements in human tissue and a new software tool, we generated images of thorium ((232)Th), uranium ((235)U and (238)U), and plutonium ((239)Pu and (240)Pu) mass distributions in sections of tissue. We used a laboratory-produced matrix-matched standard to quantify the (232)Th, (235)U, and (238)U concentrations. The plutonium isotopes (239)Pu and (240)Pu were detected by LA-ICPMS in 65 mum diameter localized regions of both a paratracheal lymph node and a s le of lung tissue from a person who was occupationally exposed to refractory plutonium (plutonium dioxide). The average (overall) (239)Pu concentration in the lymph node was 39.2 ng/g, measured by high purity germanium (HPGe) gamma-spectrometry (Lynch, T. P. Tolmachev, S. Y. James, A. C. Radiat. Prot. Dosim. 2009, 134, 94-101). Localized mass concentrations of thorium ((232)Th) and uranium ((238)U) in lymph node tissue from a person not occupationally exposed to these elements (chronic natural background inhalation exposure) ranged up to 400 and 375 ng/g, respectively. In lung s les of occupationally nonexposed to thorium and uranium workers, (232)Th and (238)U concentrations ranged up to 200 and 170 ng/g, respectively. In a person occupationally exposed to air-oxidized uranium metal (Adley, F. E. Gill, W. E. Scott, R. H. Study of atmospheric contaminiation in the melt plant buiding. HW-23352(Rev.) United States Atomic Energy Commission: Oakridge, TN, 1952, p 1-97), the maximum (235)U and (238)U isotopic mass concentrations in a lymph node, measured at higher resolution (with a 30 mum laser spot diameter), were 70 and 8500 ng/g, respectively. The ratio of these simultaneously measured mass concentrations signifies natural uranium. The current technique was not sufficiently sensitive, even with a 65 mum laser spot diameter, to detect (241)Am (at an overall tissue concentration of 0.024 ng/g, i.e., 3 Bq/g).
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2018
DOI: 10.1039/C8AY90014K
Abstract: Correction for ‘Quantitative imaging of translocated silver following nanoparticle exposure by laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry’ by David P. Bishop et al. , Anal. Methods , 2018, DOI: 10.1039/c7ay02294h.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-01-2023
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-022-27169-9
Abstract: Potentially toxic elements such as lead and aluminium have been proposed to play a role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS), since their neurotoxic mechanisms mimic many of the pathogenetic processes in MS. We therefore examined the distribution of several potentially toxic elements in the autopsied brains of people with and without MS, using two methods of elemental bio-imaging. Toxicants detected in the locus ceruleus were used as indicators of past exposures. Autometallography of paraffin sections from multiple brain regions of 21 MS patients and 109 controls detected inorganic mercury, silver, or bismuth in many locus ceruleus neurons of both groups, and in widespread blood vessels, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and neurons of four MS patients and one control. Laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry imaging of pons paraffin sections from all MS patients and 12 controls showed that combinations of iron, silver, lead, aluminium, mercury, nickel, and bismuth were present more often in the locus ceruleus of MS patients and were located predominantly in white matter tracts. Based on these results, we propose that metal toxicants in locus ceruleus neurons weaken the blood–brain barrier, enabling multiple interacting toxicants to pass through blood vessels and enter astrocytes and oligodendroglia, leading to demyelination.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 30-10-2022
DOI: 10.3390/MOLECULES27217382
Abstract: β-N-methylamino L-alanine (BMAA) is a neurotoxin linked to high incidences of neurodegenerative disease. The toxin, along with two of its common isomers, 2,4-diaminobuytric acid (2,4-DAB) and N-(2-aminoethyl)glycine (AEG), is produced by multiple genera of cyanobacteria worldwide. Whilst there are many reports of locations and species of cyanobacteria associated with the production of BMAA during a bloom, there is a lack of information tracking changes in concentration across a single bloom event. This study aimed to measure the concentrations of BMAA and its isomers through the progression and end of a cyanobacteria bloom event using liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole-mass spectrometry. BMAA was detected in all s les analysed, with a decreasing trend observed as the bloom progressed. BMAA’s isomers were also detected in all s les, however, they did not follow the same decreasing pattern. This study highlights the potential for current s ling protocols that measure a single time point as representative of a bloom’s overall toxin content to underestimate BMAA concentration during a bloom event.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 13-11-2019
Abstract: Oxidative stress is a major hallmark of cardiac ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. This partly arises from the presence of activated phagocytes releasing myeloperoxidase (MPO) and its production of hypochlorous acid (HOCl). The dietary supplement selenomethionine (SeMet) has been shown to bolster endogenous antioxidant processes as well as readily react with MPO-derived oxidants. The aim of this study was to assess whether supplementation with SeMet could modulate the extent of cellular damage observed in an in vitro cardiac myocyte model exposed to (patho)-physiological levels of HOCl and an in vivo rat model of cardiac I/R injury. Exposure of the H9c2 cardiac myoblast cell line to HOCl resulted in a dose-dependent increase in necrotic cell death, which could be prevented by SeMet supplementation and was attributed to SeMet preventing the HOCl-induced loss of mitochondrial inner trans-membrane potential, and the associated cytosolic calcium accumulation. This protection was credited primarily to the direct oxidant scavenging ability of SeMet, with a minor contribution arising from the ability of SeMet to bolster cardiac myoblast glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity. In vivo, a significant increase in selenium levels in the plasma and heart tissue were seen in male Wistar rats fed a diet supplemented with 2 mg kg−1 SeMet compared to controls. However, SeMet-supplementation demonstrated only limited improvement in heart function and did not result in better heart remodelling following I/R injury. These data indicate that SeMet supplementation is of potential benefit within pathological settings where excessive HOCl is known to be generated but has limited efficacy as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of heart attack.
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.1039/C6SC90060G
Abstract: Correction for ‘Visualising mouse neuroanatomy and function by metal distribution using laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry imaging’ by Bence Paul et al. , Chem. Sci. , 2015, 6 , 5383–5393.
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.1039/C5JA00293A
Abstract: Elemental bio-imaging using the technological advances of ICP-QQQ-MS.
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2015
DOI: 10.1039/C5SC90051D
Abstract: Correction for 'Visualising mouse neuroanatomy and function by metal distribution using laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry imaging' by Bence Paul et al. , Chem. Sci. , 2015, DOI: 10.1039/c5sc02231b.
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 26-06-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.HAL.2018.03.004
Abstract: The emerging toxin β-methylamino-l-alanine (BMAA) has been linked to the development of a number of neurodegenerative diseases in humans including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. BMAA has been found to be produced by a range of cyanobacteria, diatoms, and dinoflagellates worldwide, and is present in freshwater, saltwater, and terrestrial ecosystems. Surface scum s les were collected from waterways in rural and urban New South Wales, Australia and algal species identified. Reverse phase liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to analyse sixteen cyanobacterial scum for the presence of BMAA as well as its toxic structural isomer 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (2,4-DAB). BMAA was detected in ten of the s les analysed, and 2,4-DAB in all sixteen. The presence of these toxins in water used for agriculture raises concerns for public health and food security in Australia.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 26-07-2012
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 23-10-2019
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2021
DOI: 10.1039/D1SC02237G
Abstract: Digital pathology and laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) imaging reveals a unique elemental signature of colorectal cancer.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-09-2012
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2019
DOI: 10.1039/C9AN01580A
Abstract: Raw intensities obtained from the ablation of mould-prepared gelatine.
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2011
DOI: 10.1039/C0JA00267D
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.CHROMA.2017.03.025
Abstract: The Agilent Chip Cube Interface is a microfluidic chip-based technology originally designed for nanospray molecular mass spectrometry in which the s le enrichment, nano-column, tubing, connectors and spray tip were integrated into a single biocompatible chip. Here we describe the hyphenation of the Chip Cube Interface to ICP-MS via modification of the standard HPLC chip design and a new total consumption nebuliser suitable for flow rates as low as 300nLmin
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 13-01-2021
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-020-80495-8
Abstract: Emerging and promising therapeutic interventions for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) are confounded by the challenges of quantifying dystrophin. Current approaches have poor precision, require large amounts of tissue, and are difficult to standardize. This paper presents an immuno-mass spectrometry imaging method using gadolinium (Gd)-labeled anti-dystrophin antibodies and laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry to simultaneously quantify and localize dystrophin in muscle sections. Gd is quantified as a proxy for the relative expression of dystrophin and was validated in murine and human skeletal muscle sections following k-means clustering segmentation, before application to DMD patients with different gene mutations where dystrophin expression was measured up to 100 µg kg −1 Gd. These results demonstrate that immuno-mass spectrometry imaging is a viable approach for pre-clinical to clinical research in DMD. It rapidly quantified relative dystrophin in single tissue sections, efficiently used valuable patient resources, and may provide information on drug efficacy for clinical translation.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 30-12-2022
DOI: 10.3390/MOLECULES28010312
Abstract: The current approach to equine anti-doping is focused on the targeted detection of prohibited substances. However, as new substances are rapidly being developed, the need for complimentary methods for monitoring is crucial to ensure the integrity of the racing industry is upheld. Lipidomics is a growing field involved in the characterisation of lipids, their function and metabolism in a biological system. Different lipids have various biological effects throughout the equine system including platelet aggregation and inflammation. A certain class of lipids that are being reviewed are the eicosanoids (inflammatory markers). The use of eicosanoids as a complementary method for monitoring has become increasingly popular with various studies completed to highlight their potential. Studies including various corticosteroids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatories and cannabidiol have been reviewed to highlight the progress lipidomics has had in contributing to the equine anti-doping industry. This review has explored the techniques used to prepare and analyse s les for lipidomic investigations in addition to the statistical analysis and potential for lipidomics to be used for a longitudinal assessment in the equine anti-doping industry.
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2015
DOI: 10.1039/C5AY00306G
Abstract: A UHPLC method was developed for a broad range of OGSR compounds using ANNs and evaluated using simulated case s les.
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2015
DOI: 10.1039/C4AN02283A
Abstract: Triple–quadrupole ICP-MS using O 2 mass-shift technology is superior for removing gadolinium interference on selenium in serum.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-11-2018
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 10-03-2014
DOI: 10.3390/NANO4010157
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 17-10-2012
DOI: 10.1117/12.975122
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 31-01-2020
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 15-10-2013
DOI: 10.1117/12.2032152
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 23-06-2023
DOI: 10.3389/FNEUR.2023.1173779
Abstract: Multiple sclerosis and the major sporadic neurogenerative disorders, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson disease, and Alzheimer disease are considered to have both genetic and environmental components. Advances have been made in finding genetic predispositions to these disorders, but it has been difficult to pin down environmental agents that trigger them. Environmental toxic metals have been implicated in neurological disorders, since human exposure to toxic metals is common from anthropogenic and natural sources, and toxic metals have damaging properties that are suspected to underlie many of these disorders. Questions remain, however, as to how toxic metals enter the nervous system, if one or combinations of metals are sufficient to precipitate disease, and how toxic metal exposure results in different patterns of neuronal and white matter loss. The hypothesis presented here is that damage to selective locus ceruleus neurons from toxic metals causes dysfunction of the blood–brain barrier. This allows circulating toxicants to enter astrocytes, from where they are transferred to, and damage, oligodendrocytes, and neurons. The type of neurological disorder that arises depends on (i) which locus ceruleus neurons are damaged, (ii) genetic variants that give rise to susceptibility to toxic metal uptake, cytotoxicity, or clearance, (iii) the age, frequency, and duration of toxicant exposure, and (iv) the uptake of various mixtures of toxic metals. Evidence supporting this hypothesis is presented, concentrating on studies that have examined the distribution of toxic metals in the human nervous system. Clinicopathological features shared between neurological disorders are listed that can be linked to toxic metals. Details are provided on how the hypothesis applies to multiple sclerosis and the major neurodegenerative disorders. Further avenues to explore the toxic metal hypothesis for neurological disorders are suggested. In conclusion, environmental toxic metals may play a part in several common neurological disorders. While further evidence to support this hypothesis is needed, to protect the nervous system it would be prudent to take steps to reduce environmental toxic metal pollution from industrial, mining, and manufacturing sources, and from the burning of fossil fuels.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2018
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 21-09-2023
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 2018
DOI: 10.1039/C8MT00068A
Abstract: Zinc (Zn) deficiency is a clinical consequence of brain injury that can result in neuropathological outcomes that are exacerbated with age.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 19-09-2023
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2018
DOI: 10.1039/C7CS00610A
Abstract: A ‘how-to’ guide for designing chemical imaging experiments using antibodies and immunohistochemistry.
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2023
DOI: 10.1039/D2AY02015G
Abstract: Matrix-matched calibrants improved the detection of toxic metals in teeth.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2019
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 27-04-2019
DOI: 10.1007/S00216-019-01836-9
Abstract: This study presents a novel size exclusion chromatography-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (SEC-ICP-MS) method for the characterisation and quantification of immunoassays with lanthanide-labelled antibodies. SEC-ICP-MS in combination with a double isotope dilution approach enabled facile validation of the antibodies' integrity, the determination of the batch to batch labelling efficiency, monitoring of each labelling step, and quantification of the immunocomplexes after incubation with the target protein. The addition of oxygen into the dynamic reaction cell improved the detection of sulphur as a marker for the antibodies and target protein via mass-shifting (LOD = 3.7 ng/mL), whilst maintaining sufficient sensitivity for the analysis of the lanthanides. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) SEC ensured a rapid chromatographic method with separation times under 7 min of the labelled and unlabelled antibodies, the immunocomplexes, and the unconjugated polymer used to lanthanide-label the antibodies. SEC calibration estimated the molecular weights of all peaks and provided valuable insights in immunochemical reactions and the stoichiometry of the reactants and products. A novel on-line isotope dilution analysis (IDA) enabled absolute quantification of sulphur and lanthanide signals and the protein of interest. The chromatographic separation of immunocomplexes and labelled antibodies allowed the simultaneous determination of the antibody/metal stoichiometry and target protein concentration from a single mass flow chromatogram. An immunoglobulin protein was quantified after incubation with an
Publisher: Radiological Society of North America (RSNA)
Date: 09-2014
Abstract: To evaluate the use of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) for the noninvasive detection of malignant gliomas by using in vivo magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in a mouse brain tumor model. The experiments were animal care committee approved. U-87 glioblastoma cells were exposed to 5-ALA (500 µmol/L) for 6 hours, cells were harvested, and intracellular concentrations of iron, heme, protoporphyrin IX, and ferrochelatase were measured (six in each group). BALB/c nude mice (n = 10) were inoculated with U-87 glioma cells to produce orthotopic brain tumors. T2-weighted imaging was performed 3 weeks after inoculation, and T2* maps were created with a 7-T MR imager before and 24 hours after oral administration of 5-ALA (0.1 mg/g of body weight n = 6) or normal saline (n = 4). Intratumoral iron concentrations were measured with laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. For in vitro experiments, differences in the measured data were assessed by using the Mann-Whitney U test with Bonferroni correction. For the in vivo studies, differences in T2* values and iron concentrations of the tumors in the 5-ALA and control groups were assessed by using the Mann-Whitney U test. The intracellular concentration of heme and iron was increased at both 24 and 48 hours after 5-ALA exposure (P = .004). 5-ALA promoted expression of ferrochelatase in glioblastoma cells at both 24 and 48 hours after 5-ALA exposure compared with that at 1 hour (P = .004). In vivo MR imaging revealed a lower median T2* value in glioblastomas treated with 5-ALA compared with those in control mice (14.0 msec [interquartile range, 13.0-14.5 msec] vs 21.9 msec [interquartile range, 19.6-23.2 msec] P = .011), and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry revealed that iron concentrations were increased in glioblastomas from the 5-ALA group. Administration of 5-ALA increased the intracellular iron concentration of glioblastomas by promoting the synthesis of heme, which is the metabolite of 5-ALA. Because intracellular iron can be detected at MR imaging, 5-ALA may aid in the identification of high-grade foci in gliomas.
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 18-01-2013
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2021
DOI: 10.1039/D0JA00493F
Abstract: Speciation analysis of Gd-based MRI contrast agents in fresh and oceanic waters employing an automatised micro-solid phase extraction method and HILIC-ICP-MS detection operating an increased mass bandpass.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.CHROMA.2019.460495
Abstract: Growing concern over the environmental and health impacts of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) has led to the development of increasingly stringent regulatory guidelines. To meet these guidelines for the determination of PFASs in surface-water, solid-phase extraction (SPE) is commonly implemented for clean-up and pre-concentration of s les. In this paper a micro-SPE method for the clean-up and pre-concentration of PFASs from surface-water was developed. A micro-SPE packing phase was created to retain 13 long and short chain PFAS after examining combinations of four 3 µm particle size sorbents, with the optimal phase consisting of a 50:50 mixture of C18 and aminopropyl silica. Micro-SPE achieved similar results to conventional SPE methods while reducing s le preparation time to 5 min and using only 2 mL of s le. The method was validated using spiked recoveries (100 ng L
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2021
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 27-07-2014
DOI: 10.1002/TERM.1576
Abstract: During the last two decades, biogenic mineral ions have become important additives in treatments for bone regeneration and repair. Prominent among these is strontium, which is a potent suppressor of osteoclast bone resorption. Another is magnesium, which has a key influence in mineralization processes. The shells of benthic foraminiferans, hydrothermally converted into β-TCP, have been shown to effectively release a number of bone-promoting drugs at clinically relevant levels. In this study we characterized the effects of converted foraminiferan calcium dissolution and the concomitant release profile of intrinsic strontium and magnesium. We tested the effects of strontium- and magnesium-enriched macrospheres on human osteoblast (SaOS-2) and monocytoid (U937) cell lines, which can be induced to express equivalent phagocytic activities to osteoclasts. On dissolution in a biomimetic physiological solution, the macrospheres released biologically significant quantities of calcium and phosphate ions in the first 18 days. At 3 days, during which biogenic mineral ions are released, the number of U937 osteoclast-like monocyte cells decreased, while 4 days later the osteoblast cell number increased. These results show that strontium and magnesium naturally enriched macrospheres are capable of altering the metabolic activities of the cells regulating bone homeostasis. These unique macrospheres are natural origin bone void filler particles that resorb, and release physiologically significant levels of incorporated strontium, magnesium and calcium, which together make a uniquely multifunctional in situ remedy for bone regeneration and repair and the treatment of bone-wasting diseases.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-10-2023
Publisher: arXiv
Date: 2014
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 21-03-2021
Abstract: The kidney plays a dominant role in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension, but the initial pathogenic events in the kidney leading to hypertension are not known. Exposure to mercury has been linked to many diseases including hypertension in epidemiological and experimental studies, so we studied the distribution and prevalence of mercury in the human kidney. Paraffin sections of kidneys were available from 129 people ranging in age from 1 to 104 years who had forensic/coronial autopsies. One in idual had injected himself with metallic mercury, the other 128 were from varied clinicopathological backgrounds without known exposure to mercury. Sections were stained for inorganic mercury using autometallography. Laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) was used on six s les to confirm the presence of autometallography-detected mercury and to look for other toxic metals. In the 128 people without known mercury exposure, mercury was found in: (1) proximal tubules of the cortex and Henle thin loops of the medulla, in 25% of kidneys (and also in the man who injected himself with mercury), (2) proximal tubules only in 16% of kidneys, and (3) Henle thin loops only in 23% of kidneys. The age-related proportion of people who had any mercury in their kidney was 0% at 1–20 years, 66% at 21–40 years, 77% at 41–60 years, 84% at 61–80 years, and 64% at 81–104 years. LA-ICP-MS confirmed the presence of mercury in s les staining with autometallography and showed cadmium, lead, iron, nickel, and silver in some kidneys. In conclusion, mercury is found commonly in the adult human kidney, where it appears to accumulate in proximal tubules and Henle thin loops until an advanced age. Dysfunctions of both these cortical and medullary regions have been implicated in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension, so these findings suggest that further studies of the effects of mercury on blood pressure are warranted.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2021
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2015
DOI: 10.1039/C5AY00555H
Abstract: A rapid, simple isotope dilution method for detecting organotins in sediment s les.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-08-2015
DOI: 10.1038/SREP11878
Abstract: The benefits of using silk fibroin, a major protein in silk, are widely established in many biomedical applications including tissue regeneration, bioactive coating and in vitro tissue models. The properties of silk such as biocompatibility and controlled degradation are utilized in this study to formulate for the first time as carriers for pulmonary drug delivery. Silk fibroin particles are spray dried or spray-freeze-dried to enable the delivery to the airways via dry powder inhalers. The addition of excipients such as mannitol is optimized for both the stabilization of protein during the spray-freezing process as well as for efficient dispersion using an in vitro aerosolisation impactor. Cisplatin is incorporated into the silk-based formulations with or without cross-linking, which show different release profiles. The particles show high aerosolisation performance through the measurement of in vitro lung deposition, which is at the level of commercially available dry powder inhalers. The silk-based particles are shown to be cytocompatible with A549 human lung epithelial cell line. The cytotoxicity of cisplatin is demonstrated to be enhanced when delivered using the cross-linked silk-based particles. These novel inhalable silk-based drug carriers have the potential to be used as anti-cancer drug delivery systems targeted for the lungs.
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2013
DOI: 10.1039/C3AY26248K
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2013
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2020
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 18-08-2015
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 22-04-2020
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 16-12-2013
DOI: 10.3390/MD11125148
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 13-04-2023
Abstract: A mis-metabolism of transition metals (i.e., copper, iron, and zinc) in the brain has been recognised as a precursor event for aggregation of Amyloid-β plaques, a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, imaging cerebral transition metals in vivo can be extremely challenging. As the retina is a known accessible extension of the central nervous system, we examined whether changes in the hippoc us and cortex metal load are also mirrored in the retina. Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) was used to visualise and quantify the anatomical distribution and load of Cu, Fe, and Zn in the hippoc us, cortex, and retina of 9-month-old Amyloid Precursor Protein/Presenilin 1 (APP/PS1, n = 10) and Wild Type (WT, n = 10) mice. Our results show a similar metal load trend between the retina and the brain, with the WT mice displaying significantly higher concentrations of Cu, Fe, and Zn in the hippoc us (p 0.05, p 0.0001, p 0.01), cortex (p 0.05, p = 0.18, p 0.0001) and the retina (p 0.001, p = 0.01, p 0.01) compared with the APP/PS1 mice. Our findings demonstrate that dysfunction of the cerebral transition metals in AD is also extended to the retina. This could lay the groundwork for future studies on the assessment of transition metal load in the retina in the context of early AD.
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2018
DOI: 10.1039/C7AY02294H
Abstract: We demonstrate the use of LA-ICP-MS for determining the location and quantification of silver in a rat spleen following nanoparticle exposure.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-04-2012
Start Date: 2020
End Date: 2022
Funder: Ian Potter Foundation
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2018
End Date: 2020
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2023
End Date: 12-2025
Amount: $442,633.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2018
End Date: 06-2021
Amount: $374,200.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded Activity