ORCID Profile
0000-0002-5329-9072
Current Organisations
Mie University Graduate School of Medicine
,
Kanazawa University
,
University of Oxford
,
University of New South Wales
,
NSW Health Pathology
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Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 15-05-2018
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 27-04-2007
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2021
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-05-2020
DOI: 10.1038/S41416-020-0882-Y
Abstract: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) improve survival but cause immune-related adverse events (irAE). We sought to determine if CTCAE classification, IBD biomarkers/endoscopic/histological scores correlate with irAE colitis outcomes. A dual-centre retrospective study was performed on patients receiving ICI for melanoma, NSCLC or urothelial cancer from 2012 to 2018. Demographics, clinical data, endoscopies (reanalysed using Mayo/Ulcerative Colitis Endoscopic Index of Severity (UCEIS) scores), histology (scored with Nancy Index) and treatment outcomes were analysed. In all, 1074 patients were analysed. Twelve percent (134) developed irAE colitis. Median patient age was 66, 59% were male. CTCAE diarrhoea grade does not correlate with steroid/ infliximab use. G3/4 colitis patients are more likely to need infliximab ( p 0.0001) but colitis grade does not correlate with steroid duration. CRP, albumin and haemoglobin do not correlate with severity. The UCEIS ( p = 0.008) and Mayo ( p = 0.016) scores correlate with severity/infliximab requirement. Patients with higher Nancy indices (3/4) are more likely to require infliximab ( p = 0.03). CTCAE assessment does not accurately reflect colitis severity and our data do not support its use in isolation, as this may negatively impact timely management. Our data support utilising endoscopic scoring for patients with grade 1 CTCAE disease, and demonstrate the potential prognostic utility of objective histologic scoring.
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 13-02-2012
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 07-2017
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 20-11-2019
DOI: 10.1186/S13256-019-2285-3
Abstract: Myotonic dystrophy type 1 is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by muscle weakness, myotonia, cataracts, and cardiac conduction defects it is associated with expansions of cytosine-thymine-guanine repeats in the myotonic dystrophy protein kinase. Hypogammaglobulinemia is a lesser known association of myotonic dystrophy type 1 and the underlying pathogenesis of immunoglobulin G depletion remains unclear. Here we report a kindred of two members (a 62-year-old white woman and a 30-year-old white man mother and son) with myotonic dystrophy type 1-associated hypogammaglobulinemia associated with altered intravenous immunoglobulin elimination kinetics and reduced half-life. There was no history of systemic immunosuppression or renal or gastrointestinal protein loss in either patient, and no underlying case for a secondary immunodeficiency could be found. One patient required fortnightly intravenous immunoglobulin to maintain adequate trough immunoglobulin G levels. Ongoing study of myotonic dystrophy type 1-associated hypogammaglobulinemia using contemporary tools of genomic medicine may help to further delineate the pathogenesis of this entity.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 19-05-2021
DOI: 10.1007/S10875-021-01050-2
Abstract: Common variable immunodeficiency disorders (CVID) is characterized by low/absent serum immunoglobulins and susceptibility to bacterial infection. Patients can develop an infections-only phenotype or a complex disease course with inflammatory, autoimmune, and/or malignant complications. We hypothesized that deficient DNA repair mechanisms may be responsible for the antibody deficiency and susceptibility to inflammation and cancer in some patients. Germline variants were identified following targeted sequencing of n = 252 genes related to DNA repair in n = 38 patients. NanoString nCounter PlexSet assay measured gene expression in n = 20 CVID patients and n = 7 controls. DNA damage and apoptosis were assessed by flow cytometry in n = 34 CVID patients and n = 11 controls. Targeted sequencing supported enrichment of rare genetic variants in genes related to DNA repair pathways with novel and rare likely pathogenic variants identified and an altered gene expression signature that distinguished patients from controls and complex patients from those with an infections-only phenotype. Consistent with this, flow cytometric analyses of lymphocytes following DNA damage revealed a subset of CVID patients whose immune cells have downregulated ATM, impairing the recruitment of other repair factors, delaying repair and promoting apoptosis. These data suggest that germline genetics and altered gene expression predispose a subset of CVID patients to increased sensitivity to DNA damage and reduced DNA repair capacity.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-08-2013
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-02-2023
Publisher: Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.
Date: 12-2006
DOI: 10.2174/138945006779025365
Abstract: Interleukin-7 (IL-7) is a cytokine produced predominantly by stromal cells of the thymus and bone marrow and is essential for lymphopoiesis. This paper reviews the importance of IL-7 and its receptor (IL-7R) in T-cell genesis, peripheral survival, expansion and memory T-cell development. IL-7 is of particular importance in lymphopenic conditions. Its expression is up-regulated in a number of lymphopenic conditions including: marrow ablation prior to bone marrow transplantation, marrow suppression following chemotherapy and human immuno-deficiency virus (HIV) infection. Plasma IL-7 levels inversely correlate with CD4+ T-cell counts in these conditions. Animal models suggest that IL-7 improves immune reconstitution through increasing thymic output and, perhaps more importantly, through antigen-independent homeostatic driven proliferation in the periphery. Given the promising preliminary data on the use of IL-7 adjuvant therapy in simian immuno-deficiency virus (SIV) infected non-human primates, IL-7 has recently moved into Phase I/II clinical trials of its role as a possible adjuvant therapy for cancer and HIV infection. This paper discusses important considerations such as the possible negative impacts of IL-7 on increased viral infectivity, the induction of autoimmunity and risk of neoplastic events. Successful use of IL-7 will rely on further understanding of the regulation of the component parts of the IL-7R system. Ultimately this understanding may lead to therapeutics that manipulate and optimise signalling through the IL-7/IL-7R system.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 20-02-2018
DOI: 10.1093/MNRAS/STY439
Publisher: EDP Sciences
Date: 04-2018
DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201527773
Abstract: Context. Microquasars are potential γ -ray emitters. Indications of transient episodes of γ -ray emission were recently reported in at least two systems: Cyg X-1 and Cyg X-3. The identification of additional γ -ray-emitting microquasars is required to better understand how γ -ray emission can be produced in these systems. Aim. Theoretical models have predicted very high-energy (VHE) γ -ray emission from microquasars during periods of transient outburst. Observations reported herein were undertaken with the objective of observing a broadband flaring event in the γ -ray and X-ray bands. Methods. Contemporaneous observations of three microquasars, GRS 1915+105, Circinus X-1, and V4641 Sgr, were obtained using the High Energy Spectroscopic System (H.E.S.S.) telescope array and the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) satellite. X-ray analyses for each microquasar were performed and VHE γ -ray upper limits from contemporaneous H.E.S.S. observations were derived. Results. No significant γ -ray signal has been detected in any of the three systems. The integral γ -ray photon flux at the observational epochs is constrained to be I ( GeV) 7.3 × 10 −13 cm −2 s −1 , I ( GeV ) 1.2 × 10 −12 cm −2 s −1 , and I ( GeV) 4.5 × 10 −12 cm −2 s −1 for GRS 1915+105, Circinus X-1, and V4641 Sgr, respectively. Conclusions. The γ -ray upper limits obtained using H.E.S.S. are examined in the context of previous Cherenkov telescope observations of microquasars. The effect of intrinsic absorption is modelled for each target and found to have negligible impact on the flux of escaping γ -rays. When combined with the X-ray behaviour observed using RXTE, the derived results indicate that if detectable VHE γ -ray emission from microquasars is commonplace, then it is likely to be highly transient.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 08-2005
DOI: 10.1086/431489
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2010
DOI: 10.1016/J.CYTO.2009.12.001
Abstract: The interleukin (IL)-7 receptor (IL-7R) is expressed on human pre-B but not mature B-cells. We hypothesised that aberrant expression of IL-7R contributes to B-cell oncogenesis. Surface expression of IL-7R components CD127 and CD132, and intracellular Ki-67 and Bcl-2 were examined by flow cytometry on peripheral blood or bone marrow mononuclear cells (PBMC BMMC) from patients with B-cell derived neoplasms, chronic human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) infection alone, or healthy volunteers. Plasma IL-7, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-21, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma and BAFF were measured by enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay or bead array. The effects of exogenous IL-7 on PBMC and BMMC were examined. CD127 expression was elevated in pre-B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (pre-B-ALL) and in some cases of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (B-NHL). Plasma IL-7 levels were higher in pre-B-ALL, B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) and HIV-1 associated B-NHL (HIV-B-NHL) compared with control groups. CD127+ pre-B-ALL cells had higher expression of Ki-67, Bcl-2 and CD132 than CD127- counterparts. Unlike T-lineage cells, CD127+ pre-B-ALL cells did not down-regulate CD127 in response to exogenous IL-7. Patients with B-cell derived neoplasms had elevated circulating IL-10 and decreased BAFF. These findings support a role for the IL-7/IL-7R system in B-cell oncogenesis.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2015
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 29-01-2009
Abstract: The role of Treg in patients with late-stage HIV disease, who commence combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) and develop pathogen-specific immunopathology manifesting as immune restoration disease (IRD) remains unclear. We hypothesised that Treg could be defective in either numbers and/or function and therefore unable to ensure the physiological equilibrium of the immune system in patients with IRD. Phenotypic and functional CD4(+) T-cell subsets of eight late-stage HIV patients with nadir CD4 count <50 cells/microL, who developed mycobacterial IRD upon commencing cART were compared with six therapy naive HIV(+) patients (nadir CD4 count <50 cells/microL), who did not develop an IRD after cART. Mycobacterium-avium-specific CD4(+) T cells from IRD patients produced high levels of IFN-gamma and IL-2 compared with controls (p<0.001). Surprisingly, we found a significant expansion of CD127(lo)Foxp3(+)CD25(+) Treg in IRD patients and a higher ratio of Treg to effector/memory subsets (p<0.001). In vitro suppression assays demonstrated reduced functional capacity of suppressor cells and diminished IL-10 secretion in IRD patients. Plasma levels of IL-7 were increased in patients and, interestingly, exogenous IL-7 and other cytokines strongly inhibited Treg suppression. These data suggest that despite substantial Treg expansion in IRD, their ability to induce suppression, and thereby downregulate aberrant immune responses, is compromised.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2015
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 30-08-2016
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-2014
DOI: 10.1038/CTI.2014.12
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2022
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 20-02-2020
DOI: 10.1101/2020.02.20.936880
Abstract: Biallelic mutations in G-Protein coupled receptor kinase 1 (GRK1) cause Oguchi disease, a rare subtype of congenital stationary night blindness (CSNB). The purpose of this study was to identify pathogenic GRK1 variants and use in-depth bioinformatic analyses to evaluate how their impact on protein structure could lead to pathogenicity. Patients’ genomic DNA was sequenced by whole genome, whole exome or focused exome sequencing. Pathogenic variants, published and novel, were compared to nondisease associated missense variants. The impact of GRK1 missense variants at the protein level were then predicted using a series of computational tools. We identified eleven previously unpublished cases with biallelic pathogenic GRK1 variants, including seven novel variants, and reviewed all GRK1 pathogenic variants. Further structure-based scoring revealed a hotspot for missense variants in the kinase domain. Additionally, to aid future clinical interpretation, we identified the bioinformatics tools best able to differentiate pathogenic from non-pathogenic variants. We identified new GRK1 pathogenic variants in Oguchi disease patients and investigated how disease-causing variants may impede protein function, giving new insights into the mechanisms of pathogenicity. All pathogenic GRK1 variants described to date have been collated into a Leiden Open Variation Database ( dna2.leeds.ac.uk/GRK1_LOVD/genes/GRK1 ).
Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
Date: 15-10-2006
DOI: 10.1128/JVI.00249-06
Abstract: We recently found that human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-specific CD4 + T cells express coreceptor CCR5 and activation antigen CD38 during early primary HIV-1 infection (PHI) but then rapidly disappear from the circulation. This cell loss may be due to susceptibility to infection with HIV-1 but could also be due to inappropriate apoptosis, an expansion of T regulatory cells, trafficking out of the circulation, or dysfunction. We purified CD38 +++ CD4 + T cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells, measured their level of HIV-1 DNA by PCR, and found that about 10% of this population was infected. However, a small subset of HIV-specific CD4 + T cells also expressed CD127, a marker of long-term memory cells. Purified CD127 + CD4 + lymphocytes contained fivefold more copies of HIV-1 DNA per cell than did CD127-negative CD4 + cells, suggesting preferential infection of long-term memory cells. We observed no apoptosis of antigen-specific CD4 + T cells in vitro and only a small increase in CD45RO + CD25 + CD127dimCD4 + T regulatory cells during PHI. However, 40% of CCR5 + CD38 +++ CD4 + T cells expressed gut-homing integrins, suggesting trafficking through gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT). Furthermore, 80% of HIV-specific CD4 + T cells expressed high levels of the negative regulator CTLA-4 in response to antigen stimulation in vitro, which was probably contributing to their inability to produce interleukin-2 and proliferate. Taken together, the loss of HIV-specific CD4 + T cells is associated with a combination of an infection of CCR5 + CD127 + memory CD4 + T cells, possibly in GALT, and a high expression of the inhibitory receptor CTLA-4.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 19-08-2020
DOI: 10.1111/CEI.13502
Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the pathogenesis of combination ipilimumab and nivolumab-associated colitis (IN-COL) by measuring gut-derived and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (GMNC PBMC) profiles. We studied GMNC and PBMC from patients with IN-COL, IN-treated with no adverse-events (IN-NAE), ulcerative colitis (UC) and healthy volunteers using flow cytometry. In the gastrointestinal-derived cells we found high levels of activated CD8+ T cells and mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells in IN-COL, changes that were not evident in IN-NAE or UC. UC, but not IN-C, was associated with a high proportion of regulatory T cells (Treg). We sought to determine if local tissue responses could be measured in peripheral blood. Peripherally, checkpoint inhibition instigated a rise in activated memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, regardless of colitis. Low circulating MAIT cells at baseline was associated with IN-COL patients compared with IN-NAE in one of two cohorts. UC, but not IN-COL, was associated with high levels of circulating plasmablasts. In summary, the alterations in T cell subsets measured in IN-COL-affected tissue, characterized by high levels of activated CD8+ T cells and MAIT cells and a low proportion of Treg, reflected a pathology distinct from UC. These tissue changes differed from the periphery, where T cell activation was a widespread on-treatment effect, and circulating MAIT cell count was low but not reliably predictive of colitis.
Publisher: EDP Sciences
Date: 04-2018
DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201730737
Abstract: A search for new supernova remnants (SNRs) has been conducted using TeV γ -ray data from the H.E.S.S. Galactic plane survey. As an identification criterion, shell morphologies that are characteristic for known resolved TeV SNRs have been used. Three new SNR candidates were identified in the H.E.S.S. data set with this method. Extensive multiwavelength searches for counterparts were conducted. A radio SNR candidate has been identified to be a counterpart to HESS J1534−571. The TeV source is therefore classified as a SNR. For the other two sources, HESS J1614−518 and HESS J1912+101, no identifying counterparts have been found, thus they remain SNR candidates for the time being. TeV-emitting SNRs are key objects in the context of identifying the accelerators of Galactic cosmic rays. The TeV emission of the relativistic particles in the new sources is examined in view of possible leptonic and hadronic emission scenarios, taking the current multiwavelength knowledge into account.
Publisher: Rockefeller University Press
Date: 03-07-2006
DOI: 10.1084/JEM.20060468
Abstract: Abnormalities in CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T (T reg) cells have been implicated in susceptibility to allergic, autoimmune, and immunoinflammatory conditions. However, phenotypic and functional assessment of human T reg cells has been h ered by difficulty in distinguishing between CD25-expressing activated and regulatory T cells. Here, we show that expression of CD127, the α chain of the interleukin-7 receptor, allows an unambiguous flow cytometry–based distinction to be made between CD127lo T reg cells and CD127hi conventional T cells within the CD25+CD45RO+RA− effector/memory and CD45RA+RO− naive compartments in peripheral blood and lymph node. In healthy volunteers, peripheral blood CD25+CD127lo cells comprised 6.35 ± 0.26% of CD4+ T cells, of which 2.05 ± 0.14% expressed the naive subset marker CD45RA. Expression of FoxP3 protein and the CD127lo phenotype were highly correlated within the CD4+CD25+ population. Moreover, both effector/memory and naive CD25+CD127lo cells manifested suppressive activity in vitro, whereas CD25+CD127hi cells did not. Cell surface expression of CD127 therefore allows accurate estimation of T reg cell numbers and isolation of pure populations for in vitro studies and should contribute to our understanding of regulatory abnormalities in immunopathic diseases.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2023
Publisher: The American Association of Immunologists
Date: 15-10-2022
Abstract: Phagocytic responses by effector cells to opsonized viruses have been recognized to play a key role in antiviral immunity. Limited data on coronavirus disease 2019 suggest that the role of Ab-dependent and -independent phagocytosis may contribute to the observed immunological and inflammatory responses however, their development, duration, and role remain to be fully elucidated. In this study of 62 acute and convalescent patients, we found that patients with acute coronavirus disease 2019 can mount a phagocytic response to autologous plasma-opsonized Spike protein–coated microbeads as early as 10 d after symptom onset, while heat inactivation of this plasma caused 77–95% abrogation of the phagocytic response and preblocking of Fc receptors showed variable 18–60% inhibition. In convalescent patients, phagocytic response significantly correlated with anti-Spike IgG titers and older patients, while patients with severe disease had significantly higher phagocytosis and neutralization functions compared with patients with asymptomatic, mild, or moderate disease. A longitudinal subset of the convalescent patients over 12 mo showed an increase in plasma Ab affinity toward Spike Ag and preservation of phagocytic and neutralization functions, despite a decline in the anti-Spike IgG titers by & %. Our data suggest that early phagocytosis is primarily driven by heat-liable components of the plasma, such as activated complements, while anti-Spike IgG titers account for the majority of observed phagocytosis at convalescence. Longitudinally, a significant increase in the affinity of the anti-Spike Abs was observed that correlated with the maintenance of both the phagocytic and neutralization functions, suggesting an improvement in the quality of the Abs.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 15-02-2006
DOI: 10.1086/499309
Abstract: Interleukin (IL)-7 levels are increased in patients with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-associated lymphopenia however, the effects of this on IL-7 receptor (IL-7R) expression, disease progression, and immune reconstitution remain unclear. Plasma IL-7 levels were measured, by enzyme-linked immunoassay, in patients with primary, chronic, or long-term nonprogressive HIV-1 infection (PHI, CHI, and LTNP, respectively) before and after 40-48 weeks of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Cell-surface expression and intracellular expression of the IL-7R components CD127 and CD132 were measured by flow cytometry. The effects of IL-7 and cycloheximide on IL-7R expression by peripheral blood mononuclear cells were examined in vitro. Plasma IL-7 levels were increased in both patients with PHI and those with CHI administration of ART resulted in normalized plasma IL-7 levels in patients with PHI but not in those with CHI. Plasma IL-7 levels positively correlated with CD4(+) T cell immune reconstitution in patients with PHI. In vitro, exogenous IL-7 rapidly down-regulated cell-surface CD127 expression, but not CD132 expression, whereas subsequent reexpression required active protein synthesis. HIV-1 infection resulted in progressive decreases in the CD127(+)132(-) subset and increases in the CD127(-)132(+) subset of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. Changes in CD4(+) T cell expression of IL-7R components were evident in patients with LTNP who lost viral control, and these changes preceded increases in plasma IL-7 levels. Perturbations in the IL-7/IL-7R system were clearly associated with disease progression but did not reliably predict immune reconstitution.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-2015
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 20-10-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2021
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Location: Australia
No related grants have been discovered for Sarah Sasson.