ORCID Profile
0000-0002-2219-6759
Current Organisations
East China Normal University
,
Aurecon Australia Sydney
Does something not look right? The information on this page has been harvested from data sources that may not be up to date. We continue to work with information providers to improve coverage and quality. To report an issue, use the Feedback Form.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 25-01-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.FSI.2019.07.082
Abstract: To investigate the effects of arginine (Arg) on the growth, antioxidant capacity, immunity and disease resistance of juvenile Chinese mitten crab, three diets containing Arg levels at 1.72% (control), 2.73% and 3.72% were formulated and fed to Chinese mitten crab (0.22 ± 0.03 g) for eight weeks. The weight gain, ecdysterone and growth hormone in the serum, relative expression of insulin-like growth factor 2 in the hepatopancreas significantly increased in crabs fed the 2.73% and 3.72% Arg diets. The protein and lipid contents significantly increased in crabs fed the 3.72% Arg diet. The feed conversion ratios in crabs fed the diets with Arg additions were lower than in the control. Arg supplementation also enhanced the antioxidative capacity by increasing the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and the relative expression of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 gene in the hepatopancreas, which subsequently decreased malondialdehyde content in the hepatopancreas. Besides, Arg also decreased nitric oxide content in the serum and the activity of nitric oxide synthetase in the hepatopancreas. The relative mRNA levels of crustin, relish, lysozyme and cryptocyanin genes were significantly upregulated by Arg supplementation. The activities of acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase in the serum significantly increased in crabs fed the 3.72% Arg diet than those in the control. Similarly, the relative mRNA levels of crustin, cryptocyanin and proPO genes were significantly upregulated in crabs fed the 2.73% Arg diet after lipopolysaccharide challenge, and in crabs fed the 3.72% Arg diet after the Poly (I:C) challenge. The crabs fed the 2.73% and 3.72% Arg diets had higher survival rate after bacterial infection than those fed the control diet. This study indicates that the addition of Arg to the diet at 2.7-3.7% can improve the growth, survival, antioxidant capacity, immunity and disease resistance in juvenile Chinese mitten crab.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 14-03-2023
DOI: 10.26434/CHEMRXIV-2023-N60MV
Abstract: The quintet triplet-pair state generated upon singlet fission is a critical intermediary that dictates the fate of excitons which can be exploited for photovoltaics, information technologies and biomedical imaging. In this report, we demonstrate that continuous wave and pulsed electron spin resonance techniques such as PEANUT, which have emerged as the primary tool for identifying the spin pathways in singlet fission, probe fundamentally different triplet pair species. We directly observe that the generation rate of high-spin triplet pairs is dependent on the molecular orientation with respect to the static magnetic field. Moreover, we demonstrate that this observation can prevent incorrect analysis of cw-ESR measurements, and provide insight into the design of materials to target specific pathways which optimise exciton properties for specific applications.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 14-06-2019
DOI: 10.26434/CHEMRXIV.8259317.V2
Abstract: Intriguing reports of enhanced diffusion in enzymes and molecular catalysts have spurred significant interest in experimental and theoretical investigations of this phenomenon, with mechanistic understanding the subject of ongoing and lively debate. Here we use time-resolved diffusion NMR methods to measure the diffusion coefficients of small molecule species involved in chemical reactions with high temporal resolution. We show the enhanced diffusion of small molecules cannot be explained by reaction velocity, and that apparent measurements of enhanced diffusion by small molecules appear to be caused by bulk fluid flow processes such as convection.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2021
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.1039/C6CC08079K
Abstract: We report photochromic donor–acceptor Stenhouse adducts (DASAs) capable of fully reversible photoisomerization with visible light in organic solvents including chloroform, acetonitrile and benzene.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 07-07-2023
DOI: 10.1021/JACS.3C02672
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 12-11-2020
DOI: 10.1021/JACS.0C09072
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 26-03-2019
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 14-06-2019
DOI: 10.26434/CHEMRXIV.8259317
Abstract: Intriguing reports of enhanced diffusion in enzymes and molecular catalysts have spurred significant interest in experimental and theoretical investigations of this phenomenon, with mechanistic understanding the subject of ongoing and lively debate. Here we use time-resolved diffusion NMR methods to measure the diffusion coefficients of small molecule species involved in chemical reactions with high temporal resolution. We show the enhanced diffusion of small molecules cannot be explained by reaction velocity, and that apparent measurements of enhanced diffusion by small molecules appear to be caused by bulk fluid flow processes such as convection. br
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2021
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 30-11-2020
DOI: 10.3390/ANI10122246
Abstract: To determine the response of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei to different levels of dietary choline, juvenile white shrimp (1.75 ± 0.09 g) were fed six semi-purified diets supplemented with 0 (control), 2000, 4000, 6000, 8000, and 12,000 mg/kg choline chloride for eight weeks. Growth performance, whole-body composition, serum characteristics and hepatopancreatic antioxidant indexes were evaluated. Meanwhile, serum metabolome and hepatopancreas transcriptome were performed to examine the overall difference in metabolite and gene expression. The weight gain, survival, specific growth rate, condition factor and hepatosomatic index were not affected by dietary choline levels. The shrimp fed 6000 mg/kg dietary choline chloride gained the maximal whole-body crude protein, which was significantly higher than that of shrimp fed with 12,000 mg/kg dietary choline. Serum total cholesterol of shrimp fed 6000 mg/kg dietary choline was higher than that in shrimp fed 4000 mg/kg choline. Dietary choline significantly decreased malondialdehyde content, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase activities in shrimp hepatopancreas. Compared with the shrimp fed 6000 mg/kg dietary choline chloride, the glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway was significantly enriched in the shrimp fed 0 mg/kg dietary choline chloride, and the choline content and bile salt-activated lipase-like expression were upregulated. The expression of trypsin-1-like in protein digestion and absorption pathway was significantly downregulated in the shrimp fed 12,000 mg/kg dietary choline chloride. Apolipoprotein D might be a potential biomarker in shrimp, and dietary choline played an important role in lipid metabolism, especially in the reduction of oxidative damage in L. vannamei. Based on the results of weight gain and degree of oxidative damage, 1082 mg/kg dietary choline could meet the growth requirement of L. vannamei, but 2822 mg/kg dietary choline was needed to reduce peroxidation damage.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 13-06-2019
DOI: 10.26434/CHEMRXIV.8259317.V1
Abstract: Intriguing reports of enhanced diffusion in enzymes and molecular catalysts have spurred significant interest in experimental and theoretical investigations of this phenomenon, with mechanistic understanding the subject of ongoing and lively debate. Here we use time-resolved diffusion NMR methods to measure the diffusion coefficients of small molecule species involved in chemical reactions with high temporal resolution. We show the enhanced diffusion of small molecules cannot be explained by reaction velocity, and that apparent measurements of enhanced diffusion by small molecules appear to be caused by bulk fluid flow processes such as convection.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 03-10-2023
DOI: 10.1021/JACS.3C07082
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2021
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 05-10-2020
DOI: 10.26434/CHEMRXIV.13023164.V1
Abstract: The apparent “boosted mobility” observed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) diffusion measurements is the result of a known artefact. When signal intensities are changing during an NMR diffusion measurement for reasons other than diffusion, the use of monotonically increasing gradient litudes produces erroneous diffusion coefficient values. We show that no boosted molecular mobility is observed when shuffled gradient litudes are applied.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2020
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 15-05-2020
DOI: 10.26434/CHEMRXIV.12298919.V1
Abstract: Dihydrogen phosphate anions are found to spontaneously associate into anti-electrostatic oligomers via hydrogen bonding interactions at millimolar concentrations in DMSO. Diffusion NMR measurements supported formation of these oligomers, which can be bound by photoswitchable anion receptors to form large bridged assemblies of approximately three times the volume of the unbound receptor. Photoisomerization of the oligomer-bound receptor causes a decrease in diffusion coefficient of up to 16%, corresponding to a 70% increase in effective volume. This new approach to external control of diffusion opens prospects in controlling molecular transport.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-03-2019
Abstract: A general procedure for measurement of time-resolved diffusion coefficients of molecular species by NMR is described, including the use of methanol for fast temperature-independent gradient calibration.
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 15-02-2022
DOI: 10.1155/2022/5738008
Abstract: This study investigated the effect of different dietary selenium (Se) sources on the growth performance, antioxidant capacity, gut microbiota, and molecular responses of the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Four Se sources (sodium selenite, L-selenomethionine, selenium yeast, or Se nanoparticles) were added to purified diets to 0.4 mg Se/kg diet for shrimp ( 1.60 ± 0.14 g ). Each treatment was randomly assigned to 3 replicated tanks and 30 shrimp in each tank (500 L). After 8 weeks of breeding, L-selenomethionine and selenium yeast significantly increased weight gain compared with sodium selenite treatment, while sodium selenite significantly decreased the shrimp hepatosomatic index compared with the other groups. The L-selenomethionine significantly increased the superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities in the hepatopancreas compared with the shrimp fed sodium selenite and decreased catalase activity and malondialdehyde content compared with other groups. The composition and β- ersity of gut microbiota were markedly changed in each group. The abundances of Rubrobacter and Rubritalea, Winogradskyella and Motilimonas, and Photobacterium in the gut microbiota were specially altered by L-selenomethionine, Se yeast, and Se nanoparticles, respectively. The sodium selenite group showed lower complexity of gut interspecies interactions. RNA-seq analysis showed that “arachidonic acid metabolism”-related genes were significantly enriched in the L-selenomethionine and Se yeast groups “peroxisome” and “drug metabolism–other enzymes”-related genes were enriched in the Se nanoparticle group. Vibrio, Motilimonas, and Photobacterium were associated with amino acid and lipid metabolism. Pseudoalteromonas, Silicimonas, Roseovarius, and Halomonas inhibited the expression of glutathione peroxidase genes. These results suggested that organic Se, especially selenomethionine, is an effective feed supplement to promote growth and antioxidant capacity, maintain the health of gut microbiota, and promote the utilization of fatty acid and glutathione peroxidase genes in shrimp fed a 0.4 mg Se/kg diet.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.ENVPOL.2019.05.030
Abstract: DCOIT (4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one) is the main component of SeaNine-211, a new antifouling agent that replaces tributyltin to prevent the growth of undesirable organisms on ships. There have been some studies on the toxicity of DCOIT, but the mechanism of DCOIT's toxicity to crustaceans still requires elucidation. This study examined the chronic toxicity (4 weeks) of 0, 3, 15, and 30 μg/L DCOIT to the Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) from the aspects of growth and physiological and histological changes in the hepatopancreas and gills. A transcriptomic analysis was performed on the hepatopancreas to reveal the underlying mechanism of DCOIT in shrimp. The exposure to 30 μg/L DCOIT significantly reduced the survival and weight gain of L. vannamei. High Na
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-11-2019
Abstract: Intriguing reports of enhanced diffusion in enzymes and molecular catalysts have spurred significant interest in experimental and theoretical investigations, and the mechanism of this phenomenon is the topic of lively debate. Here we use time‐resolved diffusion NMR methods to measure the diffusion coefficients ( D ) of small molecule species involved in chemical reactions with high temporal resolution. We show the enhanced diffusion of small molecules cannot be explained by reaction velocity, and that apparent measurements of enhanced diffusion by small molecules appear to be caused by bulk fluid flow processes such as convection.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 05-10-2020
DOI: 10.26434/CHEMRXIV.13023164
Abstract: The apparent “boosted mobility” observed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) diffusion measurements is the result of a known artefact. When signal intensities are changing during an NMR diffusion measurement for reasons other than diffusion, the use of monotonically increasing gradient litudes produces erroneous diffusion coefficient values. We show that no boosted molecular mobility is observed when shuffled gradient litudes are applied.
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Date: 15-01-2021
Abstract: The apparent “boosted mobility” observed by Wang et al . (Reports, 31 July 2020, p. 537) is the result of a known artifact. When signal intensities are changing during a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) diffusion measurement for reasons other than diffusion, the use of monotonically increasing gradient litudes produces erroneous diffusion coefficients. We show that no boosted molecular mobility is observed when shuffled gradient litudes are applied.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2020
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-11-2019
Abstract: Intriguing reports of enhanced diffusion in enzymes and molecular catalysts have spurred significant interest in experimental and theoretical investigations, and the mechanism of this phenomenon is the topic of lively debate. Here we use time‐resolved diffusion NMR methods to measure the diffusion coefficients ( D ) of small molecule species involved in chemical reactions with high temporal resolution. We show the enhanced diffusion of small molecules cannot be explained by reaction velocity, and that apparent measurements of enhanced diffusion by small molecules appear to be caused by bulk fluid flow processes such as convection.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 25-11-2020
DOI: 10.26434/CHEMRXIV.13277855.V2
Abstract: A chemical system is proposed that is capable of lifying small optical inputs into large changes in internal composition, based on a feedback interaction between switchable fluorescence and visible-light photoswitching. This system would demonstrate bifurcating reaction kinetics under irradiation and reach one of two stable photostationary states depending on the initial composition of the system. This behavior would allow the system to act as a chemical realization of the flip-flop circuit, the fundamental element in sequential logic and binary memory storage. We use detailed numerical modeling to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed behavior based on known molecular phenomena, and comment on some of the conditions required to realize this system.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.FSI.2018.10.013
Abstract: This study investigates the effects of two soybean antigens (glycinin and β-conglycinin) as an antinutritional substance in the diet on the growth, digestive ability, intestinal health and microbiota of juvenile Chinese mitten crabs (Eriocheir sinensis). The isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets contained two soybean antigens at two levels each (70 and 140 g/kg β-conglycinin, 80 and 160 g/kg glycinin) and a control diet without β-conglycinin or glycinin supplementation, and were used respectively to feed juvenile E. sinensis for seven weeks. Dietary inclusion of either glycinin or β-conglycinin significantly reduced crab survival and weight gain. The crabs fed diets containing soybean antigens had higher malondialdehyde concentrations and lower catalase activities in the intestine than those in the control. The activities of trypsin and amylase in the intestine were suppressed by dietary β-conglycinin and glycinin. Dietary glycinin or β-conglycinin impaired the immunity and morphological structure of intestine, especially the peritrophic membrane. The mRNA expression of constitutive and inducible immune responsive genes (lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF-α factor and interleukin-2 enhancer-binding factor 2) increased while the mRNA expression of the main genes related to the structural integrity peritrophic membrane (peritrophin-like gene and peritrophic 2) significantly decreased in the groups with soybean antigen addition. Soybean antigen could also change the intestinal microbial community. The abundance of pathogenic bacteria (Ochrobactrum, Burkholderia and Pseudomonas) increased significantly in both soybean antigen groups. Although pathogenic bacteria Vibrio were up-regulated in the glycinin group, the abundance of Dysgonomonas that degraded lignocellulose and ameliorated the gut environment decreased in the glycinin group. This study indicates that existence of soybean antigens (glycinin or β-conglycinin) could induce gut inflammation, reshape the community of gut microbiota, and cause digestive dysfunction, ultimately leading to impaired growth in crabs.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 24-11-2020
DOI: 10.26434/CHEMRXIV.13277855.V1
Abstract: A chemical system is proposed that is capable of lifying small optical inputs into large changes in internal composition, based on a feedback interaction between switchable fluorescence and visible-light photoswitching. This system would demonstrate bifurcating reaction kinetics under irradiation and reach one of two stable photostationary states depending on the initial composition of the system. This behavior would allow the system to act as a chemical realization of the flip-flop circuit, the fundamental element in sequential logic and binary memory storage. We use detailed numerical modeling to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed behavior based on known molecular phenomena, and comment on some of the conditions required to realize this system.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2020
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 25-11-2020
DOI: 10.26434/CHEMRXIV.13277855
Abstract: A chemical system is proposed that is capable of lifying small optical inputs into large changes in internal composition, based on a feedback interaction between switchable fluorescence and visible-light photoswitching. This system would demonstrate bifurcating reaction kinetics under irradiation and reach one of two stable photostationary states depending on the initial composition of the system. This behavior would allow the system to act as a chemical realization of the flip-flop circuit, the fundamental element in sequential logic and binary memory storage. We use detailed numerical modeling to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed behavior based on known molecular phenomena, and comment on some of the conditions required to realize this system.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 10-06-2022
Abstract: Phospholipids have an important antioxidant effect on animals. The effects of different dietary phospholipid sources on the growth, antioxidant activity, immunity, and gut microbiota of female broodstock of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei were investigated. Four isoproteic and isolipid semi-purified diets containing 4% soybean lecithin (SL), egg yolk lecithin (EL), or krill oil (KO) and a control diet without phospholipid supplementation were fed to female broodstock of L. vannamei (34.7 ± 4.2 g) for 28 days. The growth performance, antioxidative capacity, and innate immunity of the female broodstock fed phospholipid supplemented diets were improved regardless of sources compared with the control shrimp. The effects on growth and antioxidant capacity in female shrimp fed the KO diet were highest. The innate immunity of female shrimp fed the EL and KO diets were significantly higher than shrimp fed the SL diet. Dietary phospholipid supplementation increased gut microbiota ersity and richness, and the Chao1 and ACE values in the KO group were significantly higher than in the control group. The richness of Proteobacteria, Photobacterium, and Vibrio decreased, whereas the richness of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes increased in the shrimp fed the KO diet compared with the shrimp fed the SL and EL diets. The interactions of gut microbiota in shrimp fed the KO diet were the most complex, and the positive interaction was the largest among all the treatments. The functional genes of gut microbiota in shrimp fed the KO diet were significantly enriched in lipid metabolism and terpenoid olyketide metabolism pathways. Spearman correlation analysis showed that Fusibacter had significantly positive correlations with antioxidant activity (total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase), immune enzyme activity (phenoloxidase and lysozyme), and immune gene expression (C-type lectin 3, Caspase-1). All findings suggest that dietary phospholipids supplementation can improve the growth and health status of female L. vananmei broodstock. Krill oil is more beneficial in improving the antioxidant capacity and innate immunity than other dietary phospholipid sources. Furthermore, krill oil can help establish the intestinal immune barrier by increasing the richness of Fusibacter and promote the growth of female shrimp. Fusibacter may be involved in iron metabolism to improve the antioxidant capacity of female shrimp.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2019
No related grants have been discovered for Thomas MacDonald.