ORCID Profile
0000-0002-6393-1377
Current Organisation
Monash University
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Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 17-05-2021
DOI: 10.1186/S12877-021-02239-1
Abstract: Nuts are nutrient-rich and reported to provide some cognitive and cardiometabolic health benefits, but limited studies have focused on older adults. This study investigated the cross-sectional relationship between habitual nut intake, dietary pattern and quality, cognition and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in older adults. Older adults (≥ 60 years) from the NHANES 2011-12 and 2013-14 cohorts, who had complete data on cognitive function (as CERAD total, delayed recall, animal fluency and digit-symbol substitution test) and variables to calculate the Fatty Liver Index (FLI), an indicator of NAFLD, were included ( n = 1848). Nut intake and diet quality (Healthy Eating Index 2015) were determined using two 24-hour diet recalls. Participants were categorised into one of four groups based on their habitual nut intake: non-consumers (0 g/d), low intake (0.1–15.0 g/d), moderate intake (15.1–30.0 g/d) or met recommendation ( 30 g/d), with all outcomes compared between these nut intake groups. Cognitive scores of older adults were the lowest in non-consumers and significantly highest in the moderate intake group, with no further increase in those who consumed nuts more than 30 g/d ( p 0.007). FLI was the lowest among older adults with moderate nut intake but the associations disappeared after adjusting for covariates ( p = 0.329). Moderate nut intake was also associated with better immediate and delayed memory in older adults with high risk of NAFLD (FLI ≥ 60) (B = 1.84 and 1.11, p 0.05 respectively). Higher nutrient intake and better diet quality ( p 0.001) were seen with higher nut intake but did not influence energy from saturated fat intake. Factor analysis revealed ‘Nuts and oils’ as one of the four major dietary patterns associated with better cognition and lower FLI scores. Moderate nut intake (15.1–30.0 g/d) may be sufficient for better cognitive performance, but not NAFLD risk of older adults in the US.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.FOODRES.2017.08.036
Abstract: Brazil nuts are among the richest selenium food sources, and studies have considered this Amazonian nut as an alternative for selenium supplementation. Besides selenium, Brazil nuts present relevant content of other micronutrients such as magnesium, copper, and zinc. The nutritional composition of nuts, also characterized by adequate fatty acid profile and high content of protein and bioactive compounds, has many health benefits. In the present review, we examine the nutritional composition of Brazil nuts, comparing it with other nuts, and describe the relevance of possible contaminants and metal toxicants observed in this nut for human health. Furthermore, we report different trials available in the literature, which demonstrate positive outcomes such as modulation of the lipid serum profile, enhancement of the antioxidant system and improvement of anti-inflammatory response. These effects have been assessed under different conditions, such as cognitive impairment, dyslipidemia, cancer, and renal failure.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-01-2021
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-01-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.NUT.2015.05.005
Abstract: The Brazilian Amazon region has selenium (Se)-rich soil, which is associated with higher Se levels in populations fed locally grown produce. Brazil nuts are a major source of dietary Se and are included with meals offered to children enrolled in public preschool in Macapá. The aim of this study was to examine Se intake and status of these children. The Macapá group consisted of 41 children from a public preschool who received 15 to 30 g of Brazil nuts 3 d/wk. The control group included 88 children from the nearby city of Belém who did not receive Brazil nut-enriched meals. In both groups, school meals comprised ≥90% of the children's total food consumption. Selenium was assessed using hydride generation quartz tube atomic absorption spectroscopy in plasma, erythrocytes, nails, hair and urine. Dietary intakes (macronutrients and Se) were evaluated using the duplicate-portion method. Both groups received inadequate intakes of energy and macronutrients. Selenium intake was excessive in both groups (155.30 and 44.40 μg/d, in Macapá and Belém, respectively). Intake was potentially toxic in Macapá on days when Brazil nuts were added to meals. Although biomarkers of Se exposure exceeded reference levels in the Macapá group, no clinical symptoms of Se overload (selenosis) were observed. The inclusion of Brazil nuts in school meals provided to children with already high dietary Se intakes increased Se levels and may result in an increased risk for toxicity. As selenosis is associated with some chronic diseases, we recommend continued monitoring of Se intake and status in this population.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.NUT.2014.03.013
Abstract: Riverine communities in Rondônia State are exposed to high selenium (Se) content in their diet because of the high-selenium soils identified in the Amazon. However, the Amazonian population has a high mercury (Hg) exposure because this metal accumulates in the soil. Because children are more vulnerable to Hg toxicity, the aim of this study was to evaluate and correlate Se status and hair Hg levels in riverine children (aged 3-9 y) living in two different locations in Rondônia State: Demarcação area (DA) and Gleba do Rio Preto (GRP). Se levels were assessed using hydride generation quartz tube atomic absorption spectroscopy total hair Hg levels were assessed using cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry. Dietary intake was evaluated through a 24-h food record and a food frequency questionnaire. Forty-two children participated in this study. Eighty-four percent of the children from DA showed low plasma Se. Conversely, all children from GRP presented plasma Se levels above the reference values. Forty-five percent of the children from DA presented low erythrocyte levels, and 55% of the children from GRP showed concentration in erythrocyte above the reference values. The mean Se intake was 41.8 μg/d in DA and 179.0 μg/d in GRP. High hair Hg levels were observed in children from both the DA and GRP (3.57 ± 1.86 and 6.24 ± 5.89, respectively). Children from both riverine communities are likely to present altered Se status according to their dietary intake. Additionally, these children are highly exposed to Hg, mainly through fish consumption, and the toxicity of this metal may cause metabolic damage.
Publisher: S. Karger AG
Date: 2012
DOI: 10.1159/000338682
Abstract: b i Background/Aims: /i /b Oxidative stress plays a central role in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Pro198Leu cytosolic glutathione peroxidase (GPx1) polymorphism seems to be associated with a lower activity of this enzyme, but there are no studies with AD patients. Thus, the aim was to determine the frequency of the GPx1 Pro198Leu polymorphism in AD patients and to verify its relation to glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity and selenium (Se) status. b i Methods: /i /b The study was carried out in a group of AD elderly (n = 28) compared to a control group (n = 29). Blood Se concentrations were measured through hydride generation atomic absorption spectroscopy. GPx activity was determined using a commercial kit, and the polymorphism using lified DNA sequencing. b i Results: /i /b The distribution of genotypes was not different between groups. The variant allele frequency was 0.179 (AD group) and 0.207 (control group). Although no differences regarding GPx activity were found between in iduals with different genotypes, lower blood Se levels were found in Pro/Pro AD patients compared to Pro/Pro control subjects, which was not found in the Pro/Leu groups. Moreover, the association between the erythrocyte Se concentration and GPx activity was affected by the Pro198Leu genotype. b i Conclusions: /i /b Results indicate that this polymorphism had apparently affected Se status in AD patients and that more studies in this field are necessary.
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2015
DOI: 10.1039/C4AN02283A
Abstract: Triple–quadrupole ICP-MS using O 2 mass-shift technology is superior for removing gadolinium interference on selenium in serum.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 10-05-2022
DOI: 10.1017/S0007114522001374
Abstract: As, Pb and Hg are common environmental contaminants in low- and middle-income countries. We investigated the association between child toxicant exposure and growth and development and determined if this association was mitigated by Se concentration. Toxicant concentrations in fingernail s les, anthropometry and Bayley’s Scales of Infant Development, 3rd edition domains were assessed in 36-month-old children whose mothers had been part of a randomised controlled trial in rural Vietnam. Multivariable regression analyses were performed to estimate the effect of toxicant exposure on clinical outcomes with adjustments for potential confounders and interaction with fingernail Se concentration. We analysed 658 children who had data for at least one physical or developmental outcome, and at least one toxicant measurement, and each of the covariates. Fingernail As concentration was negatively associated with language (estimate per 10 % increase in As: −0·19, 95 % CI: (–0·32, −0·05)). Pb was negatively associated with cognition (estimate per 10 % increase in Pb: −0·08 (–0·15, −0·02)), language (estimate per 10 % increase in Pb: −0·18 (–0·28, −0·10)) and motor skills (estimate per 10 % increase in Pb: −0·12 (–0·24, 0·00)). Hg was negatively associated with cognition (estimate per 10 % increase in Hg: −0·48, (–0·72, −0·23)) and language (estimate per 10 % increase in Hg −0·51, (–0·88, −0·13)) when Se concentration was set at zero in the model. As Se concentration increased, the negative associations between Hg and both cognition and language scores were attenuated. There was no association between toxicant concentration and growth. As, Pb and Hg concentrations in fingernails of 3-year-old children were associated with lower child development scores. The negative association between Hg and neurological development was reduced in magnitude with increasing Se concentration. Se status should be considered when assessing heavy metal toxicants in children and their impact on neurodevelopmental outcomes.
Publisher: INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols
Date: 08-08-2023
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2021
DOI: 10.1093/JN/NXAB253
Abstract: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease globally. Nuts and seeds, due to their unique nutrient composition, may provide health benefits for the prevention of NAFLD. To date, no research has investigated the association between nut and seed intake and NAFLD prevalence in a non-Mediterranean Western population. This study aimed to explore the association between nut and seed intake with NAFLD and metabolic biomarkers in a US representative s le. This cross-sectional study used data from 25,360 adults involved in the 2005-2018 NHANES, including adults (aged ≥18 y) with negative serology for hepatitis B and C and nonexcessive alcohol consumption. NAFLD was assessed using the fatty liver index (FLI) metabolic biomarkers were also assessed nut and seed intake was evaluated from two 24-h dietary recalls. ANOVA and Poisson regression were used to establish the relation between nut and seed intake categories and NAFLD prevalence. Nut and seed consumption was associated with a reduced prevalence of NAFLD. In females, in the fully adjusted model, this was significant across all nut and seed consumption categories but was most prominent in the moderate consumption group (7%, 15%, and 14% risk reduction in low, moderate, and adequate consumption categories, respectively, compared with nonconsumers). In males, moderate intake of nuts and seeds demonstrated a significantly lower prevalence of NAFLD (9%) compared with nonconsumers. Daily consumption for nuts and seeds was associated with a lower prevalence of NAFLD in non-Mediterranean, US adults, although the benefits seem to be greater in females across all categories of nut and seed consumption groups compared with nonconsumers. Both males and females presented with lower prevalence of NAFLD with intakes of 15-30 g/d.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-09-2020
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-12-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.ULTRAMIC.2021.113420
Abstract: Revealing the position of materials with chemical selectivity at atomic scale within functional nanoparticles is essential to understand and control their performance and cutting-edge atom probe tomography is a powerful tool to undertake this task. In this paper, we demonstrate three effective methods to prepare the needle-shaped specimens required for atom probe tomography measurements from nanoparticles of different sizes and provide ex les of how atom probe can be used to provide data that is critical to their functionality. S les measured include lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) cathode nanoparticles (300 - 500 nm), nickel-doped silicon dioxide (Ni@SiO
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 25-10-2016
DOI: 10.1038/MP.2016.196
Abstract: Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4) is an antioxidant enzyme reported as an inhibitor of ferroptosis, a recently discovered non-apoptotic form of cell death. This pathway was initially described in cancer cells and has since been identified in hippoc al and renal cells. In this Perspective, we propose that inhibition of ferroptosis by GPx4 provides protective mechanisms against neurodegeneration. In addition, we suggest that selenium deficiency enhances susceptibility to ferroptotic processes, as well as other programmed cell death pathways due to a reduction in GPx4 activity. We review recent studies of GPx4 with an emphasis on neuronal protection, and discuss the relevance of selenium levels on its enzymatic activity.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 13-09-2018
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 28-06-2021
Abstract: Although literature has been consistently showing an increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in populations with high exposure to selenium, there is a lack of information quantifying the association between diabetes-related markers and the nutritional status of selenium. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association between blood selenium concentration and glucose markers in a representative s le of the US population, which is known to have moderate to high exposure to selenium. This cross-sectional analysis included 4,339 participants ≥18 years from the 2013 to 2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). All participants were assessed for whole blood selenium concentration, fasting plasma insulin and glucose, HbA1c, and HOMA-IR (Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance). In this cohort, all participants presented with adequate selenium status [196.2 (SD: 0.9) μg/L] and 867 (15%) had diabetes mellitus. Selenium was positively associated with insulin, glucose and HOMA-IR in models adjusted for age and sex. When the models were further adjusted for smoking status, physical activity, metabolic syndrome and BMI, the associations with insulin and HOMA-IR remained but the association with glucose was no longer significant. A 10 μg/L increase in selenium was associated with 1.5% (95% CI: 0.4–2.6%) increase in insulin and 1.7% (95% CI: 0.5–2.9%) increase in HOMA-IR in fully adjusted models. There was no evidence of an association between selenium and diabetes prevalence. Our findings corroborate the notion that selenium supplementation should not be encouraged in populations with high dietary intake of selenium.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 12-2009
DOI: 10.1017/S0007114509992832
Abstract: Studies have shown that various antioxidants are decreased in different age-related degenerative diseases and thus, oxidative stress would have a central role in the pathogenesis of many disorders that involve neuronal degeneration, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). The present study aimed to assess the nutritional status of Se in AD patients and to compare with control subjects with normal cognitive function. The case–control study was carried out on a group of elderly with AD ( n 28) and compared with a control group ( n 29), both aged between 60 and 89 years. Se intake was evaluated by using a 3-d dietary food record. Se was evaluated in plasma, erythrocytes and nails by using the method of hydride generation atomic absorption spectroscopy. Deficient Se intake was largely observed in the AD group. AD patients showed significantly lower Se levels in plasma, erythrocytes and nails (32·59 μg/l, 43·74 μg/l and 0·302 μg/g) when compared with the control group (50·99 μg/l, 79·16 μg/l and 0·400 μg/g). The results allowed us to suggest that AD has an important relation with Se deficiency.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2021
DOI: 10.1016/J.JNUTBIO.2021.108831
Abstract: There is a U-shaped dose-response between selenium (Se) status and health outcomes, but underlying metabolic processes are unclear. This study aims to identify candidate proteins in liver regulated by dietary Se, ranging from deficiency to toxic. Male rats (n=4) were fed graded Se concentrations as selenite for 28 days. Bulk Se analysis was performed by ICP-MS on both soluble and insoluble fractions. Soluble fraction s les were chromatographically separated for identification of selenocompounds by SEC-ICP-MS and protein quantification by LC-MS/MS. Bioinformatics analysis compared low-Se (0 and 0.08 µg Se g
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 12-2018
DOI: 10.3390/NU10121847
Abstract: Selenium was suggested to play a role in modulating cognitive performance and dementia risk. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the association between selenium status and cognitive performance, as well as inflammatory and neurotrophic markers in healthy older adults. This cross-sectional study included 154 older adults (≥60 years) from Victoria, Australia. Participants were assessed for cognitive performance (Cogstate battery), dietary selenium intake (two 24-h food recalls), plasma selenium concentration, inflammatory markers (interleukin (IL)-6, -8, -10, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and adiponectin) and neurotrophic factors (brain-derived neurotrophic factor, vascular endothelial growth factor and insulin-like growth factor 1). Dietary selenium intake was adequate for 85% of all participants. The prevalence of selenium deficiency was low only 8.4% did not have the minimum concentration in plasma required for optimization of iodothyronine 5′ deiodinases activity. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that plasma selenium was not associated with cognitive performance, inflammatory markers nor neurotrophic factors, independent of age, sex, body mass index (BMI), habitual physical activity, APOE status, education, and history of cardiovascular disease. The lack of association might be due to the optimization of selenoproteins synthesis as a result of adequate selenium intake. Future prospective studies are recommended to explore potential associations of selenium status with age-associated cognitive decline.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-01-2017
DOI: 10.1038/S41531-016-0004-Y
Abstract: Iron accumulates gradually in the ageing brain. In Parkinson’s disease, iron deposition within the substantia nigra is further increased, contributing to a heightened pro-oxidant environment in dopaminergic neurons. We hypothesise that in iduals in high-income countries, where cereals and infant formulae have historically been fortified with iron, experience increased early-life iron exposure that predisposes them to age-related iron accumulation in the brain. Combined with genetic factors that limit iron regulatory capacity and/or dopamine metabolism, this may increase the risk of Parkinson’s diseases. We propose to (a) validate a retrospective biomarker of iron exposure in children (b) translate this biomarker to adults (c) integrate it with in vivo brain iron in Parkinson’s disease and (d) longitudinally examine the relationships between early-life iron exposure and metabolism, brain iron deposition and Parkinson’s disease risk. This approach will provide empirical evidence to support therapeutically addressing brain iron deposition in Parkinson’s diseases and produce a potential biomarker of Parkinson’s disease risk in preclinical in iduals.
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.1039/C5FO01270H
Abstract: Selenoproteins play important roles in antioxidant mechanisms, but it is hypothesised that single polymorphism nucleotides (SNPs) may affect their function.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2016.07.054
Abstract: Mercury is potent toxicant element, but its toxicity can be reduced by forming a complex with selenium for safe excretion. Considering the impact of mercury exposure in the Amazon region and the possible interaction between these two elements, we aimed to assess the effects of Pro198Leu polymorphism to GPX1 and GSTM1 deletion, on mercury levels in a population from Porto Velho, an urban locality in the Brazilian Amazon region. Two hundred women from the capital city of Rondônia state were recruited for this study with 149 deemed suitable to participate. We assessed dietary intake using 24-hour recall. Selenium levels in plasma and erythrocytes were measured using hydride generation quartz tube atomic absorption spectroscopy and total hair mercury using cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry. Oxidative stress parameters (GPx activity, oxygen radical absorbency capacity [ORAC] and malondialdehyde [MDA]) were also analyzed. All participants were genotyped for Pro198Leu polymorphism and GSTM1 deletion. We observed that this population presented high prevalence of selenium deficiency, and also low levels of mercury, likely due to food habits that did not include selenium-rich food sources or significant consumption of fish (mercury biomagnifiers) regularly. Univariate statistical analysis showed that Pro198Leu and GSTM1 genotypes did not affect selenium and mercury levels in this population. Pro198Leu polymorphism and GSTM1 deletion had no effect on mercury levels in mildly exposed people, suggesting these genetic variants impact mercury levels only in highly exposed populations.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 17-10-2019
DOI: 10.3390/NU11102503
Abstract: Dyshomeostasis of copper and zinc is linked to neurodegeneration. This study investigated the relationship between circulating copper and zinc and copper/zinc ratios and cognitive function, symptoms of depression and anxiety, and neurotrophic factors in older Australian adults. In this cross-sectional study (n = 139), plasma copper, serum zinc, and neurotrophic factors (brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), vascular endothelial growth factor, and insulin-like growth factor-1) were assessed. Cognition was assessed using the Cogstate battery and the Behavior Rating Inventory (BRI) of Executive Function (Adult version). Symptoms of anxiety and depression were assessed with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Copper (β = −0.024 95% CI = −0.044, −0.004 p = 0.019) and copper/zinc ratio (β = −1.99 95% CI = −3.41, −0.57 p = 0.006) were associated with lower depressive symptoms, but not cognition. Plasma copper had a modest positive association with BDNF (β = −0.004 95% CI = 0.000, 0.007 p = 0.021). Zinc was not associated with any of the outcomes. In conclusion, greater circulating copper concentrations and higher copper/zinc ratios were associated with lower depressive symptoms (but not cognition), with copper also positively associated with BDNF concentration, in a s le of community-dwelling older adults.
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 17-11-2021
Abstract: Observational studies indicate that selenium may contribute to the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Transcriptomic exploration of the aetiology and progression of NAFLD may offer insight into the role selenium plays in this disease. This study compared gene expression levels of known selenoprotein pathways between in iduals with a healthy liver to those with NAFLD. Publicly available gene expression databases were searched for studies that measured global gene expression in liver s les from patients with steatosis and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and healthy controls (with [HOC] or without [HC] obesity). A subset of five selenoprotein-related pathways (164 genes) were assessed in the four datasets included in this analysis. The gene TXNRD3 was less expressed in both disease groups when compared with HOC. SCLY and SELENOO were less expressed in NASH when compared with HC. SELENOM, DIO1, GPX2 , and GPX3 were highly expressed in NASH when compared to HOC. Disease groups had lower expression of iron-associated transporters and higher expression of ferritin-encoding sub-units, consistent with dysregulation of iron metabolism often observed in NAFLD. Our bioinformatics analysis suggests that the NAFLD liver may have lower selenium levels than a disease-free liver, which may be associated with a disrupted iron metabolism. Our findings indicate that gene expression variation may be associated with the progressive risk of NAFLD.
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 18-01-2022
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 25-10-2017
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-017-14020-9
Abstract: Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, characterised by extracellular amyloid deposition as plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles of tau protein. As no current clinical test can diagnose in iduals at risk of developing AD, the aim of this project is to evaluate a blood-based biomarker panel to identify in iduals who carry this risk. We analysed the levels of 22 biomarkers in clinically classified healthy controls (HC), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s participants from the well characterised Australian Imaging, Biomarker and Lifestyle (AIBL) study of aging. High levels of IL-10 and IL-12/23p40 were significantly associated with amyloid deposition in HC, suggesting that these two biomarkers might be used to detect at risk in iduals. Additionally, other biomarkers (Eotaxin-3, Leptin, PYY) exhibited altered levels in AD participants possessing the APOE ε4 allele. This suggests that the physiology of some potential biomarkers may be altered in AD due to the APOE ε4 allele, a major risk factor for AD. Taken together, these data highlight several potential biomarkers that can be used in a blood-based panel to allow earlier identification of in iduals at risk of developing AD and/or early stage AD for which current therapies may be more beneficial.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2021
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-2022
DOI: 10.1007/S00394-022-02911-1
Abstract: This study evaluated the association between ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption and cognitive performance among older US adults. This cross-sectional study assessed 3632 participants aged 60+ years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–14. Cognitive performance was assessed using the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease (CERAD), Word Learning test, Animal Fluency test, and the Digit Symbol Substitution test (DSST). Dietary intake was assessed using two 24-h diet recalls. Food items were classified according to the NOVA system, a classification based on the nature, extent, and purpose of industrial food processing. Linear regression models were used to evaluate the association of dietary share of UPF (% of daily energy intake) (categorized as tertiles) and cognitive test scores, adjusting for socio-demographic variables, physical activity, smoking status, and chronic diseases (cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and depression). Models excluding participants with pre-existing diseases were carried out to address potential reverse causality. On average, UPF accounted for 53% of total energy intake, ranging from 33 to 70% across extreme tertiles. Inverted U-shape association between UPF consumption and Animal fluency and DSST was observed. No significant associations were observed between the UPF intake tertiles and the cognitive test results. Nonetheless, UPF consumption was significantly associated with worse performance in Animal Fluency in older adults without pre-existing diseases ( P 0.05). UPF consumption was associated with worse performance in Animal Fluency among older people without pre-existing diseases. Decreasing UPF consumption may be a way to improve impaired cognition among older adults.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-2019
DOI: 10.1186/S13643-019-1185-3
Abstract: Direct supplementation or food fortification with iron are two public health initiatives intended to reduce the prevalence of iron deficiency (ID) and iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) in 4–24-month-old infants. In most high-income countries where IDA prevalence is 15%, the recommended daily intake levels of iron from supplements and/or consumption of fortified food products are at odds with World Health Organisation (WHO) guidelines that recommend shorter-term (3 months/year) supplementation only in populations with IDA prevalence 40%. Emerging concerns about delayed neurological effects of early-life iron overexposure have raised questions as to whether recommended guidelines in high-income countries are unnecessarily excessive. This systematic review will gather evidence from supplementation/fortification trials, comparing health outcomes in studies where iron-replete children did or did not receive additional dietary iron and determine if replete children at study outset were not receiving additional iron show changes in haematological indices of ID/IDA over the trial duration. We will perform a systematic review of the literature, including all studies of iron supplementation and/or fortification, including study arms with confirmed iron-replete infants at the commencement of the trial. This includes both dietary iron intervention or placebo/average dietary intakes. One reviewer will conduct searches in electronic databases of published and ongoing trials (Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, CENTRAL, EBSCO [e.g. CINAHL Complete, Food Science and Technology Abstracts], Embase, ClinicalTrials.gov, ClinicalTrialsRegister.eu and who.it/trialsearch), digital theses and dissertations (WorldCat, Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations, DART-Europe E-theses Portal, Australasian Digital Theses Program, Theses Canada Portal and ProQuest). For eligible studies, one reviewer will use a data extraction form, and a second reviewing entered data for accuracy. Both reviewers will independently perform quality assessments before qualitative and, if appropriate, quantitative synthesis as a meta-analysis. We will resolve any discrepancies through discussion or consult a third author to resolve discrepancies. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement will be used as the basis for reporting. Recommended iron supplementation and food fortification practices in high-income countries have been criticised for being both excessive and based on outdated or underpowered studies. This systematic review will build a case for revisiting iron intake guidelines for infants through the design of new trials where health effects of additional iron intake in iron-replete infants are the primary outcome. PROSPERO CRD42018093744.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2018
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2018
DOI: 10.1039/C8FO01621F
Abstract: Redox balance is associated with GPX1 polymorphisms, selenium status, and anthropometric and lifestyle parameters.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.JTEMB.2014.08.009
Abstract: Studies show that decreased antioxidant system is related to cognitive decline. Thus we aimed to measure selenium (Se) status in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) elderly and compared them with a control group (CG). 27 AD, 17 MCI and 28 control elderly were evaluated. Se concentration was determined in plasma and erythrocyte by using hydride generation atomic absorption spectroscopy. Erythrocyte Se concentration in AD group was lower than CG (43.73±23.02μg/L and 79.15±46.37μg/L p=0.001), but not statistically different from MCI group (63.97±18.26μg/L p=0.156). AD group exhibited the lowest plasma Se level (34.49±19.94μg/L) when compared to MCI (61.36±16.08μg/L p=0.000) and to CG (50.99±21.06μg/L p=0.010). It is observed that erythrocyte Se decreases as cognition function does. Since erythrocyte reflects longer-term nutritional status, the data point to the importance of the relation between Se exposure and cognitive function. Our findings suggest that the deficiency of Se may contribute to cognitive decline among aging people.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 13-05-2015
DOI: 10.1039/C5MT00075K
Abstract: It is unsurprising that our understanding of the role of selenium in neurological function is somewhat immature, considering its relatively recent discovery as an essential element to human health. Selenocysteine, the 21st amino acid, is the defining feature of the 25 selenoprotein-encoding genes so far discovered within the human genome. The low abundance of these proteins in the brain belies the integral role they play in normal neurological function, from well-characterised antioxidant activity in the periphery to poorly understood mechanisms that modulate mitochondrial function and response to brain pathology. Selenium has been identified as playing a role in several neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, though its function as a ‘cause or effect’ of disease process remains unclear. This review discusses selenium metabolism in detail, specifically with regard to the role it plays within the central nervous system, and examines the most current literature investigating how selenium may be involved in chronic diseases of the central nervous system.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-01-2015
DOI: 10.1007/S00394-014-0829-2
Abstract: Oxidative stress is closely related to cognitive impairment, and the antioxidant system may be a potential therapeutic target to preserve cognitive function in older adults. Selenium plays an important antioxidant role through selenoproteins. This controlled trial aimed to investigate the antioxidant and cognitive effects of the consumption of Brazil nuts, the best selenium food source. We enrolled 31 older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) who were randomly assigned to ingestion of Brazil nuts or to the control group. Participants of the treatment group consumed one Brazil nut daily (estimated 288.75 µg/day) for 6 months. Blood selenium concentrations, erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, oxygen radical absorbance capacity, and malondialdehyde were evaluated. Cognitive functions were assessed with the CERAD neuropsychological battery. Eleven participants of the treated group and nine of the control group completed the trial. The mean age of the participants was 77.7 (±5.3) years, 70 % of whom were female. We observed increased selenium levels after the intervention, whereas the control group presented no change. Among the parameters related to the antioxidant system, only erythrocyte GPx activity change was significantly different between the groups (p = 0.006). After 6 months, improvements in verbal fluency (p = 0.007) and constructional praxis (p = 0.031) were significantly greater on the supplemented group when compared with the control group. Our results suggest that the intake of Brazil nut restores selenium deficiency and provides preliminary evidence that Brazil nut consumption can have positive effects on some cognitive functions of older adults with MCI.
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2017
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 17-04-2015
DOI: 10.1007/S40618-015-0285-8
Abstract: To analyze the impact of selenium supplementation on serum antiTPO levels and thyroid echogenicity in patients with CAT, evaluating the response in subgroups with different GPx1 genotypes. CAT patients (n = 55) with positive antiTPO were randomized to selenomethionine (SeMet) 200 μg daily (n = 28) or placebo (n = 27) for 3 months. Assessments included GPx1 genotyping at baseline and serum levels of plasma selenium, erythrocyte GPx1 activity, antiTPO and thyroid echogenicity at baseline, and 3 and 6 months. In the SeMet group, the increase in plasma levels of selenium and erythrocyte GPx1 activity was similar among patients with different GPx1 genotypes. In the overall cohort, patients randomized to SeMet showed a 5 % decrease in antiTPO levels at 3 months (p = non-significant) and 20 % at 6 months (p < 0.001 versus 3 months). In contrast, patients in the placebo group did not show significant changes in antiTPO levels at any time point. Subgroup analysis showed that patients with different GPx1 genotypes presented comparable responses in antiTPO levels and echogenicity index to SeMet. Selenium supplementation decreased serum antiTPO levels in CAT patients, with similar response among patients with different GPx1 genotypes.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 03-05-2017
DOI: 10.1021/ACSCHEMNEURO.7B00014
Abstract: The antioxidant activity of selenium, which is mainly conferred by its incorporation into dedicated selenoproteins, has been suggested as a possible neuroprotective approach for mitigating neuronal loss in Alzheimer's disease. However, there is inconsistent information with respect to selenium levels in the Alzheimer's disease brain. We examined the concentration and cellular compartmentalization of selenium in the temporal cortex of Alzheimer's disease and control brain tissue. We found that Alzheimer's disease was associated with decreased selenium concentration in both soluble (i.e., cytosolic) and insoluble (i.e., plaques and tangles) fractions of brain homogenates. The presence of the APOE ε4 allele correlated with lower total selenium levels in the temporal cortex and a higher concentration of soluble selenium. Additionally, we found that age significantly contributed to lower selenium concentrations in the peripheral membrane-bound and vesicular fractions. Our findings suggest a relevant interaction between APOE ε4 and selenium delivery into brain, and show changes in cellular selenium distribution in the Alzheimer's disease brain.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 2019
DOI: 10.1039/C9MT00201D
Abstract: Electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) is an alternative to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to better understand selenium biochemistry.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 26-05-2009
DOI: 10.1007/S12011-009-8408-8
Abstract: Experimental and clinical studies have established that zinc metabolism is altered in in iduals with Down syndrome (DS). The present study intends to evaluate the nutritional status of zinc in children with DS by determining their biochemical and dietary parameters. The investigation was carried out on a group of children with DS (n = 35) and compared with a control group (n = 33), both aging between 4 and 11 years. Weight-for-age, height-for-age, and weight-for-height indexes and diet were evaluated by using a 3-day dietary record. Zinc was evaluated in plasma, erythrocytes, and 24-h urine collection by using the method of atomic absorption spectroscopy. The frequency of short stature was higher in children with DS. Both groups presented high protein content, adequate concentrations of lipids and carbohydrates, and deficit in calories. Adequate zinc intake was observed in 40% of children with DS and in 67% of the control group. Zinc concentrations were significantly lower in plasma and urine and higher in erythrocytes of children with DS. The results allowed us to conclude that the altered zinc nutritional status of in iduals with Down syndrome contributes to clinical disturbances that usually appear with aging in these patients.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 05-2013
DOI: 10.2147/CIA.S27983
Location: Australia
No related grants have been discovered for Barbara Rita Cardoso.