ORCID Profile
0000-0001-8921-1215
Current Organisation
The University of Auckland
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Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.BIORTECH.2016.01.039
Abstract: The current study investigated the formation of organic acids and alcohols as major intermediate products of wet oxidation of municipal sludge. Municipal sludge was subjected to 60-min wet oxidation at temperatures ranging from 220 to 240°C, with 20bar oxygen partial pressure. Acetic acid was the main intermediate compound produced in this study, followed by propionic, n-butyric, iso-butyric and pentanoic acids and methanol. It was found that the process severity has a significant influence on the formation and degradation of these intermediate products.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.BIORTECH.2016.12.010
Abstract: This study investigates oxidative and non-oxidative hydrothermal processing of cellulose at five different temperatures (180-260°C). Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) concentration, total suspended solid (TSS) degradation, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were measured and compared in both processes. Moreover, the existence of hydrogen peroxide in both oxidative and non-oxidative processes was confirmed experimentally for the first time in literature. At temperatures ⩽220°C the amount of H
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 25-02-2013
DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2013.769570
Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the permeability of unique dispersion systems prepared by supercritical fluid (SCF) processing, to deliver bioidentical progesterone (PGN) across mouse skin. Semisolid dispersions of PGN were made up of either polyethylene glycol (PEG) 400/4000, Gelucire 44/14, d-α-tocopheryl PEG 1000 succinate (TPGS), tanscutol P or myritol 318. SCF dispersion systems were compared with various control formulations a market cream, aqueous suspension, and three conventionally prepared dispersions comelted, cosolvent and physically mixed systems. The permeability coefficient in the absence or presence of a permeation enhancer was evaluated using ex vivo mouse skin. The permeation study results for the TPGS/myritol/transcutol P dispersion system prepared using supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) had a two-fold improvement in transdermal permeation over 24 h compared to the control formulation, 245.7 and 126 µg cm(-2), respectively (p value < 0.05). In this study, the skin integrity and morphology was also investigated for changes due to the formulation constituents using histological examination and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The particles from the gas-saturated suspension method and SC-CO2 together with TPGS/myritol/transcutol P may offer potential advantages over the available cream on the market based on the vastly improved lag time and flux of PGN across the skin.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2015.01.068
Abstract: In this study, we pyrolysed six waste derived biomass: pine sawdust (PSD), paunch grass (PG), broiler litter (BL), sewage sludge (SS), dewatered pond sludge (DWP), and dissolved air-floatation sludge (DAF) into biochar. Biochars were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry, (13)C-solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to evaluate their feasibility for potential agronomic and environmental applications. Syngas produced during the pyrolysis process was also analyzed to determine the energy values. Results show that PSD biochar has the utmost potential for carbon sequestration and contaminant remediation due to its high surface area, aromaticity and carbon content. Additionally given its low ash content, PSD biochar could also potentially be used as filler in wood plastic biocomposites. Low levels of heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Hg, and Pb) in all biochars suggest that biochars are also applicable for land application according to the United States Environmental Protection Agency regulation 40 CFR part 503. The composition of syngas evolved during the pyrolysis of feedstocks showed little difference in the calorific values, ranging from 12-16 MJ/dsm with PSD having the maximum calorific value of 16 MJ/dsm.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-08-2008
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 18-02-2013
DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2013.768630
Abstract: Supercritical fluid methods offer an alternative to conventional mixing methods, particularly for heat sensitive drugs and where an organic solvent is undesirable. To design, develop and construct a unit for the particles from a gas-saturated suspension/solution (PGSS) method and form endogenous progesterone (PGN) dispersion systems using SC-CO2. The PGN dispersions were manufactured using three selected excipients: polyethylene glycol (PEG) 400/4000 (50:50), Gelucire 44/14 and D-α-tocopheryl PEG 1000 succinate (TPGS). Semisolid dispersions of PGN prepared by PGSS method were compared to the conventional methods comelting (CM), cosolvent (CS) and physical mixing (PM). The dispersion systems made were characterized by Raman and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopies, X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), PGN recovery, uniformity and in vitro dissolution, analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Raman spectra revealed no changes in the crystalline structure of PGN treated with SC-CO2 compared to that of untreated PGN. XRPD and FTIR showed the presence of peaks and bands for PGN confirming that PGN has been incorporated well with each in idual excipient. All PGN dispersions prepared by the PGSS method resulted in the improvement of PGN dissolution rates compared to that prepared by the conventional methods and untreated PGN after 60 min (p value < 0.05). The novel PGN dispersions prepared by the PGSS method offer the great potential to enhance PGN dissolution rate, reduce preparation time and form stable crystalline dispersion systems over those prepared by conventional methods.
No related grants have been discovered for MOHAMMED FARID.