ORCID Profile
0000-0001-6076-3526
Current Organisation
UNSW Graduate Research School
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In Research Link Australia (RLA), "Research Topics" refer to ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes. These topics are either sourced from ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes listed in researchers' related grants or generated by a large language model (LLM) based on their publications.
Civil Engineering | Architectural Science and Technology (incl. Acoustics, Lighting, Structure and Ecologically Sustainable Design) | Structural Engineering |
Climate Change Mitigation Strategies | Metals (e.g. Composites, Coatings, Bonding) | Civil Construction Design
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1996
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-1996
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-06-2017
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 26-07-2023
DOI: 10.20944/PREPRINTS202307.1740.V1
Abstract: Due to urban warming, energy demand for cooling buildings is rising. The current study used CitySim to estimate the cooling energy requirements for 40 buildings in Downtown, Dubai using high-resolution climate data from weather research and forecasting (WRF) coupled with single layer urban canopy model (SLUCM). Simulating the four mitigation scenarios allowed for the examination of the reduction in cooling load caused by the addition of greenery at a rate ranging from 25% to 100%. The insulated building's cooling demand reduced by a maximum of 13.89% under 100% GI (M4). Scenario M4 resulted in a reduction of 4.6 kWh/m2 and 3.1 kWh/m2 for the non-insulated and insulated low-rise residential buildings, respectively, while the high-rise buildings saw a reduction of 3.09-4.91 kWh/m2 for the non-insulated and 2.07-3.09 kWh/m2 for insulated buildings. This study offered a potential remedy to deal with the problem of urban heating in subtropical environments.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 30-12-2022
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-1990
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2011
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-1986
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2014
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2012
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1990
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2014
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-1993
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2006
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 28-05-2019
DOI: 10.3390/CLI7060075
Abstract: Cities worldwide are getting warmer due to the combined effects of urban heat and climate change. To this end, local policy makers need to identify the most thermally vulnerable areas within cities. The Local Climate Zone (LCZ) scheme highlights local-scale variations however, its classes, although highly valuable, are to a certain extent generalized in order to be universally applicable. High spatial resolution indicators have the potential to better reflect city-specific challenges in this paper, the Urban Heat Exposure (UHeatEx) indicator is developed, integrating the physical processes that drive the urban heat island (UHI). In particular, the urban form is modeled using remote sensing and geographical information system (GIS) techniques, and used to estimate the canyon aspect ratio and the storage heat flux. The Bowen ratio is calculated using the aerodynamic resistance methodology and downscaled remotely sensed surface temperatures. The anthropogenic heat flux is estimated via a synergy of top–down and bottom–up inventory approaches. UHeatEx is applied to the city of Athens, Greece it is correlated to air temperature measurements and compared to the LCZs classification. The results reveal that UHeatEx has the capacity to better reflect the strong intra-urban variability of the thermal environment in Athens, and thus can be supportive for adaptation responses. High-resolution climate projections from the EURO-CORDEX ensemble for the region show that the adverse effects of the existing thermal inequity are expected to worsen in the coming decades.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2019
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 19-01-2019
DOI: 10.3390/CLI7010015
Abstract: Buildings and construction is the most important economic sector in the world after agriculture [...]
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2006
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2002
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2006
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 25-06-2022
DOI: 10.3390/BUILDINGS12070903
Abstract: Heat island effects raise the ambient air temperature in metropolitan areas by 4–5 degrees Celsius and can reach 10 degrees Celsius at their maximum. This phenomenon magnifies cities’ energy difficulties while reducing comfort. Mitigation strategies have been developed and recommended to deal with the issue. Methods to increase albedo and the utilisation of vegetation appear to be the most promising, with a reasonably high heat island reduction capacity. This paper examines the heat mitigation techniques and their effectiveness under Sydney’s climate conditions and compares strategies. We implement two perspectives, namely urban greening (green roofs, green pavements) and albedo (street, roof), and characterise urban surface structures, and Envi-met software is employed for our simulation method. Mitigation strategies show a cooling potential of 4.1 °C in temperature along this precinct during the heatwave period. Scenarios that increase high-albedo material on the road, pavements and rooftops and full mitigation show the maximum cooling potential. The mitigation strategies have higher predicted cooling potential on the peak ambient temperature, up to 1.18 °C, while having no or little impact on minimum ambient temperature. The outdoor thermal comfort based on PMV indices varies between a minimum of −0.33 in scenario seven in large layout areas to 3. However, the mitigation scenario presents more acceptable outdoor thermal comfort, but large layouts are predicted to have a hot condition.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2005
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2014
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1993
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2017
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 05-2003
DOI: 10.1191/0143624403BT065OA
Abstract: This paper discusses the main issues relating to urban layout and passive cooling. The paper is ided into three main parts. The ” rst part presents the main characteristics of urban climate, especially the temperature distribution in cities, and reports data from the Athens urban climate experiment. The second part investigates and presents the impact of the main parameters de” ning the urban layout to the local climate. In particular the impact of the street layout, albedo, green spaces and building materials are investigated and discussed. Finally, the third part of the report deals with speci” c energy studies relating the energy consumption of buildings for cooling purposes to the urban climate.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2001
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2003
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1992
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1986
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2008
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 09-2019
DOI: 10.1088/1757-899X/609/7/072064
Abstract: Radiative cooling is a well-researched cooling technique which is based on the ability of terrestrial surfaces to dissipate heat to the cold outer space. Past research on radiative cooling mostly failed to present sub-ambient temperature under direct sun due to the limited solar reflectance and emissivity in the atmospheric window. The nanostructures developed in recent years have successfully achieved sub-ambient feature during daytime. This paper mainly presents and analyses the experiment and simulation/calculation in the related thermal analysis in daytime radiative cooling. The main purpose is to provide some feasible tools, techniques in testing its thermal performance. It emphasizes the importance of objective and critical evaluation about different cooling performance results reported in papers since the results are significantly influenced by settings in both simulation and experiment.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2019
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-1985
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2013
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2005
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-1999
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2018
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 29-04-2017
DOI: 10.3390/SU9050712
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 14-03-2018
DOI: 10.3390/ATMOS9030108
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-2009
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2020
DOI: 10.1016/J.ENVRES.2019.109102
Abstract: The current study observed the effect of the synergistic interaction of urban heat island (UHI) and heatwaves (HWs) which is different from the sum of their separate effects on the medium-sized town of Nicosia, Cyprus. From an analysis of hourly meteorological records of eight consecutive years (2007-2014) we defined HWs with respect to air temperature (T95-over the 95th percentile air temperatures) as well as the heat index (HI65-heat index over 65degC) and studied their effects on the local UHI phenomenon. Both heatwave types were characterized by increased air temperature, lower wind speed and increased absolute humidity. HWs defined using the heat index (HI65) occurred more frequently and persisted for a longer period of time. UHI was intensified to about 0.9-1.3 °C during daytime hours under both HW definitions which was attributed to the evaporation of dew deposited on the upper top layer of soil that suppressed higher temperatures in the rural station due to a prolonged cooling effect. Model estimates of dew formation overnight and evaporation in the morning hours are hypothesized to be the main contributing factor in keeping rural air temperatures lower, thus increasing the UHI intensity. The results emphasize the critical role of latent cooling and evapotranspiration as a mitigation factor affecting extreme local temperatures.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2014
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 04-2008
DOI: 10.1093/IJLCT/3.2.71
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-09-2017
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-017-11407-6
Abstract: Heat waves (HWs) are recognized as a serious threat for human health worldwide, with urban areas being more vulnerable due to the urban heat island (UHI) effect and population density. Yet, in the climate change context, HWs are becoming more frequent, stronger and longer, which, coupled with intensifying urbanization exacerbates thermal risk for urban residents. Despite the profound impact of this global phenomenon there is no clear consensus so far on possible synergies between UHIs and HWs. The study sheds light on the complex synergies between UHIs and HWs focusing on coastal sites. A quite challenging period comprising five HW episodes during summer 2012 in Athens (Greece) was selected for analysis. A positive feedback between UHIs and HWs was found, with intensification of the average UHI magnitude by up to 3.5 °C during HWs, compared to summer background conditions. Our results contribute significantly to understanding synergies between UHIs and HWs that may strongly increase thermal risk in cities and vulnerability of urban population.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-1995
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2012
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-08-2000
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2021
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 19-01-2022
DOI: 10.3390/SU14031110
Abstract: Broadband passive daytime radiative cooling (PDRC) materials exhibit sub-ambient surface temperatures and contribute highly to mitigating extreme urban heat during the warm period. However, their application may cause undesired overcooling problems in winter. This study aims to assess, on a city scale, different solutions to overcome the winter overcooling penalty derived from using PDRC materials. Furthermore, a mesoscale urban modeling system assesses the potential of the optical modulation of reflectance (ρ) and emissivity (ε) to reduce, minimize, or reverse the overcooling penalty. The alteration of heat flux components, air temperature modification, ground and roof surface temperature, and the urban canopy temperature are assessed. The maximum decrease of the winter ambient temperature using standard PDRC materials is 1.1 °C and 0.8 °C for daytime and nighttime, respectively, while the ρ+ε-modulation can increase the ambient temperature up to 0.4 °C and 1.4 °C, respectively, compared to the use of conventional materials. Compared with the control case, the maximum decrease of net radiation inflow occurred at the peak hour, reducing by 192.7 Wm−2 for the PDRC materials, 5.4 Wm−2 for ρ-modulated PDRC materials, and 173.7 Wm−2 for ε-PDRC materials nevertheless, the ρ+ε-modulated PDRC materials increased the maximum net radiation inflow by 51.5 Wm−2, leading to heating of the cities during the winter.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2019
Publisher: Routledge
Date: 23-04-2014
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1987
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2018
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-01-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2001
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1992
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 25-03-2018
DOI: 10.1002/WENE.294
Abstract: Urban overheating represents an internationally acknowledged anthropogenic phenomenon related to climate change and to the massive shift of population worldwide toward urban areas, which are increasingly enlarging their size and density. The consequences of this urban warming (i.e., urban heat island) may compromise citizens’ quality of life in urban areas, indoor and outdoor comfort perception, and building energy performance in summer conditions. In this panorama, this review presents recent contributions demonstrating the effectiveness and urgent need of existing mitigation strategies. The same strategies are also comparatively assessed by means of a sensitivity analysis demonstrating their effect with varying climate conditions and urban context. Results of existing studies, validated by the present assessment, aimed at quantitatively investigating the effect of mitigation strategies for reducing building cooling needs and enhancing urban well‐being, thanks to international scientific effort carried out in the last decades. To this aim, the logical flow of the review deals with the main technologies for urban warming mitigation are described, together with the main findings of numerical and experimental research initiatives, demonstrating the field effect of improving pedestrians comfort and urban well‐being all around the world. Then, the mitigation potential of key green, water and cool strategies is critically reviewed, and further scientific and implementation needs are discussed. All the reviewed contributions demonstrate an undeniable technology readiness level for their practical implementation and highlight the true necessity of a shared and synergistic policy effort worldwide. This article is categorized under: Energy and Urban Design Systems and Infrastructure Concentrating Solar Power Climate and Environment Energy Efficiency Climate and Environment
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 30-11-2018
Abstract: Radiative cooling is a well-researched area. For many years, surfaces relying on radiative cooling failed to exhibit a sub-ambient surface temperature under the sun because of the limited reflectance in the solar spectrum and the reduced absorptivity in the atmospheric window. The recent impressive developments in photonic nanoscience permitted to produce photonic structures exhibiting surface temperatures much below the ambient temperature. This paper aims to present and analyze the main recent achievements concerning daytime radiative cooling technologies. While the conventional radiative systems are briefly presented, the emphasis is given on the various photonic radiative structures and mainly the planar thin film radiators, metamaterials, 2 and 3D photonic structures, polymeric photonic technologies, and passive radiators under the form of a paint. The composition of each structure, as well as its experimental or simulated thermal performance, is reported in detail. The main limitations and constraints of the photonic radiative systems, the proposed technological solutions, and the prospects are presented and discussed.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 09-2005
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1994
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2007
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 09-03-2017
DOI: 10.1093/IJLCT/CTW003
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 08-06-2018
DOI: 10.3390/CLI6020050
Publisher: Routledge
Date: 18-10-2013
Publisher: Routledge
Date: 23-09-2010
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2013
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-1995
Publisher: CRC Press
Date: 10-12-2013
DOI: 10.1201/B15507
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 30-08-2022
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2014
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2014
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2013
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 09-03-2018
DOI: 10.3390/CLI6010016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2008
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-1994
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2013
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2008
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2008
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2008
Publisher: BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS
Date: 19-02-2013
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2017
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 28-08-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-1992
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 25-11-2015
DOI: 10.1093/IJLCT/CTU032
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2011
Publisher: BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS
Date: 19-02-2013
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2012
Publisher: BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS
Date: 27-10-2014
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-0009
Publisher: BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS
Date: 19-02-2013
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-1999
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2006
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2015
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-2010
Publisher: BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS
Date: 19-02-2013
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-1995
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2013
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1992
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2001
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2002
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2002
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2011
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 24-07-2014
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2001
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2016
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 13-11-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-1995
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-2009
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2008
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 30-08-2019
DOI: 10.3390/CLI7090104
Abstract: Drought and extreme temperatures forecasting is important for water management and the prevention of health risks, especially in a period of observed climatic change. A large precipitation deficit together with increased evapotranspiration rates in the preceding days contribute to exceptionally high temperature anomalies in the summer above the average local maximum temperature for each month. Using a retrospective approach, this study investigated droughts and extreme temperatures in the greater area of Nicosia, Cyprus and suggests a different approach in determining the lag period of summer temperature anomalies and precipitation. In addition, dry conditions defined with the use of the Standardized Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) were associated with positive temperature anomalies at a percentage up to 33.7%. The compound effect of precipitation levels and evapotranspiration rates of the preceding days for the period 1988–2017 to summer temperature anomalies was demonstrated with significantly statistical R squared values up to 0.57. Furthermore, the cooling effect of precipitation was higher and prolonged longer in rural and suburban than urban areas, a fact that is directly related to the evaporation potential of the area in concern. Our work demonstrates the compound effect of precipitation levels and evapotranspiration rates of the preceding days to summer temperature anomalies.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-2006
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2012
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2005
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-1986
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 02-2011
Abstract: The urban heat island effect and its consequences is one of the most important problems cities worldwide have to face in an effort to become more sustainable. This paper presents a study of a major open area in a densely built and populated area in the centre of Athens that was part of a Municipality of Athens program to improve thermal comfort conditions in open spaces. The bioclimatic rehabilitation design process was based on a specific strategy involving detailed monitoring of the thermal characteristics and climatic conditions in the area, extensive analysis of the results in order to define the problem, design and use of efficient passive cooling techniques (cool materials, green spaces, solar control and earth to air heat exchangers), and the use of advanced simulation tools to evaluate and optimise the planed microclimatic improvements. The results indicate that the proposed measures contribute to a decrease in local temperatures of up to 2°C for summer conditions. Practical application: • The knowledge on perceptions of microclimate in outdoor space can serve as a basis for urban spatial design. • To evaluate the application of cool materials in public urban squares. • Strategies to improve local microclimate with monitoring and modelling the design features.
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 06-10-2005
DOI: 10.1117/12.627541
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2012.12.043
Abstract: According to past experience, the concentration of air pollutants indoor varies significantly in different environmental conditions. The present study focuses on the investigation of the indoor air quality (IAQ) of the underground trains in Athens, Greece. The investigation was performed in both major lines of the ATTIKO METRO. Monitoring was performed in order to determine the concentration of pollutants and particulate matter, specifically TVOCs, PM10, ΡΜ2.5, ΡΜ1 as well as temperature and relative humidity in the coaches of the trains. In the present study, a methodology based on fuzzy inference systems to assess air quality is proposed. A fuzzy logic assessment system (FLAS) is developed incorporating rules stem collected from real data, human experience and intuition. The results demonstrate the applicability and effectiveness of the FLAS.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2017
Publisher: Vilnius Gediminas Technical University
Date: 24-05-2017
DOI: 10.3846/13923730.2017.1323794
Abstract: Retrofitting is widely explored as one of the energy conserving opportunities for existing buildings, in which both passive and active solutions are carefully evaluated. However, when different retrofitting solutions are combined and applied to a building, the total energy savings potential, which is less than the sum of the savings from applying the various in idual retrofitting solutions, is considerably reduced and the synergies among the various technologies need to be understood and evaluated. In this study, the concept of utilizability is employed for the analysis of multiple energy retrofitting solutions in buildings and is defined as the ratio of energy savings derived from applying combined solutions to a building over the sum of in idual energy savings from applying in idual solutions. It is aimed at providing a better understanding of the combined retrofitting solutions. The sensitivity analysis on the utilizability value further provides a selection criterion for retrofitting solution selection.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1989
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2002
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2011
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2012
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2015
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 09-2019
DOI: 10.1088/1757-899X/609/4/042067
Abstract: Over three million people live below the poverty line in Australia. Low-income households suffer from overheated or cold homes and experience problems associated with energy inefficiency and poor indoor environmental quality (IEQ), which ultimately affect residents’ quality of life, comfort, well-being, physical and mental health. These circumstances are the main drivers of a social challenge known as Energy Poverty (EP) when residents have difficulties in paying the electricity bills. EP needs to be addressed by i) implementing energy efficiency measures in social housing, ii) educating low-income families about energy saving practices and behaviours, iii) developing new energy policies. We investigated the level of EP in social housing located in New South Wales, Australia. Indoor thermal environment and air quality were monitored in 106 low-income households over the winter and summer periods 2018/2019. Questionnaire responses informed the real living conditions of participating families, including their medical history and behaviours concerning energy use. The information presented here will be used to investigate the possible evolution of IEQ and EP as a function of climate change and extreme weather events on housing and suggest countermeasures and target policies to benefit the vulnerable households and alleviating the EP level of the region.
Publisher: Vilnius Gediminas Technical University
Date: 21-12-2018
Abstract: Urban greenery is a natural solution to cool cities and provide comfort, clean air and significant social, health and economic benefits. This paper aims to present the latest progress on the field of greenery urban mitigation techniques including aspects related to the theoretical and experimental assessment of the greenery cooling potential, the impact on urban vegetation on energy, health and comfort and the acquired knowledge on the best integration of the various types of greenery in the urban frame. Also to present the recent knowledge on the impact of climate change on the cooling performance of urban vegetation and investigate and analyse possible technological solutions to face the impact of high ambient temperatures.
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2015
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-01-2007
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 10-1993
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 06-07-2019
DOI: 10.3390/CLI7070089
Abstract: High daily temperatures in the Mediterranean and Europe have been documented in observation and modeling studies. Long-term temperature data, from 1988 to 2017, from a suburban station and an urban station in Nicosia, Cyprus have been analyzed, and the diurnal temperature range (DTR) trend was investigated. The seasonal Mann–Kendall test revealed a decreasing DTR trend of −0.24 °C/decade at the urban station and −0.36 °C/decade at the suburban station, which were attributed to an increase in the daily minimum temperature. Variations in precipitation, longwave radiation, ultraviolet-A (UVA), ultraviolet-B (UVB), cloud cover, water vapor, and urbanization were used to assess their possible relationship with regional DTR. The clustering of daytime and night-time data showed a strong relationship between the DTR and observed cloud cover, net longwave radiation, and precipitation. Clouds associated with smaller shortwave and net longwave radiation reduce the DTR by decreasing the surface solar radiation, while atmospheric absolute humidity denotes an increased daytime surface evaporative cooling and higher absorption of the short and longwave radiation. The intra-cluster variation could be reduced, and the inter-cluster variance increased by the addition of other meteorological parameters and anthropogenic sources that affect DTR in order to develop a quantitative basis for assessing DTR variations.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2015.07.073
Abstract: The term energy poverty is used to describe a situation of a household not able to satisfy socially and materially the required levels of its energy services. Energy and fuel poverty is an increasing problem in the European Union. Although the specific conditions vary from country to country the drivers defining fuel and energy poverty are similar in all Europe. This paper aims to present the state of the art regarding the energy demand and indoor environmental quality of low income households in Europe. The characteristics of this specific population group are presented including details on the specific energy consumption, the indoor comfort and finally the impact of the specific living conditions on the occupants' health.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2018
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 21-10-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2007
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1993
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2007
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-1994
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 10-1988
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-03-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-1995
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2002
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 04-1994
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2020
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2019.136068
Abstract: The urban heat island is a vastly documented climatological phenomenon, but when it comes to coastal cities, close to desert areas, its analysis becomes extremely challenging, given the high temporal variability and spatial heterogeneity. The strong dependency on the synoptic weather conditions, rather than on city-specific, constant features, hinders the identification of recurrent patterns, leading conventional predicting algorithms to fail. In this paper, an advanced artificial intelligence technique based on long short-term memory (LSTM) model is applied to gain insight and predict the highly fluctuating heat island intensity (UHII) in the city of Sydney, Australia, governed by the dualistic system of cool sea breeze from the ocean and hot western winds from the vast desert biome inlands. Hourly measurements of temperature, collected for a period of 18 years (1999-2017) from 8 different sites in a 50 km radius from the coastline, were used to train (80%) and test (20%) the model. Other inputs included date, time, and previously computed UHII, feedbacked to the model with an optimized time step of six hours. A second set of models integrated wind speed at the reference station to account for the sea breeze effect. The R
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2002
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 1992
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 31-07-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-1996
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2009
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2001
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2016
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 05-2012
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-1994
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-2006
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2014
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 26-08-2008
DOI: 10.1007/S10661-008-0483-3
Abstract: The role of urban green areas in the microclimatic conditions of cities, during summer, is investigated in this paper through monitoring c aigns carried out at the National garden, at the city centre of Athens. Two types of investigations were carried out: i) a microscopic one that investigated the thermal conditions inside the Garden and the immediate surrounding urban area and ii) a macroscopic one that compared the temperature profile of the Garden with that of the greater city centre area. It was concluded that in microscopic level, the temperature profile inside the National Garden and the immediate surrounding urban area did not showed a clear evidence of the influence of the Garden and it was dependent on the characteristics of each location. In a macroscopic scale, the Garden was found cooler than the other monitored urban locations and temperature differences were mainly greater during the night, especially in streets with high building height to street width (H/W) ratio and low traffic, while in streets with high anthropogenic heat during the day, the biggest temperature differences were recorded during the day.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 11-09-2019
Abstract: With the rising focus on building energy big data analysis, there lacks a framework for raw data preprocessing to answer the question of how to handle the missing data in the raw data set. This study presents a methodology and framework for building energy consumption raw data forecasting. A case building is used to forecast the energy consumption by using deep recurrent neural networks. Four different methodologies to impute missing data in the raw data set are compared and implemented. The question of sensitivity of gap size and available data percentage on the imputation accuracy was tested. The cleaned data were then used for building energy forecasting. While the existing studies explored only the use of small recurrent networks of 2 layers and less, the question of whether a deep network of more than 2 layers would be performing better for building energy consumption forecasting should be explored. In addition, the problem of overfitting has been cited as a significant problem in using deep networks. In this study, the deep recurrent neural network is then used to explore the use of deeper networks and their regularization in the context of an energy load forecasting task. The results show a mean absolute error of 2.1 can be achieved through the 2*32 gated neural network model. In applying regularization methods to overcome model overfitting, the study found that weights regularization did indeed delay the onset of overfitting.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-1997
Publisher: American Institute of Mathematical Sciences (AIMS)
Date: 2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2017
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 24-11-2015
Publisher: Springer Japan
Date: 2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2018
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 12-05-2015
DOI: 10.1093/IJLCT/CTT027
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2004
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2012
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2010
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 09-01-2007
DOI: 10.1108/14777830710717703
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is the analysis of a methodology for the buildings' intelligence assessment through the development of a matrix tool. Techniques and technologies for use in designing, constructing and operating intelligent buildings are well known or available on the market and many intelligent buildings have been built. However, just how intelligent these buildings actually are in comparison to conventional buildings is often a question. Due to the lack of commonly accepted methods and pertinent supporting data, the assessment of the overall performance of intelligent buildings cannot be carried out. It remains difficult, if not impossible, to carry out a fair comparison between different buildings in term of intelligence. As a result, the construction industry proceeds without adequate knowledge about the best practice in intelligent building. For the purpose of the present assessment, the definition of an intelligent building has been reviewed and refined. Based on the adopted definition, a matrix tool is developed. The objective of this tool is to provide facilities managers with an effective methodology for improving the energy and indoor environmental performance of their building stock. With appropriate development, the methodology could also form the basis of voluntary or regulatory methodology for building intelligence accreditation. The paper describes the matrix tool's global performance indicators and specific performance indicators for the intelligent buildings' assessment. Moreover the application of the matrix tool in assessing two buildings is described. The paper encourages a deeper analysis of the buildings' intelligence providing the initial framework. The present paper proposes an innovative methodology for intelligent buildings assessment.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2005
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2014
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 30-06-2016
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 15-07-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2006
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-2003
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2018.08.144
Abstract: Providing evidence of potential changes in the climate has become increasingly important as it is the first step towards adopting mitigation and adaptation measures and planning for urban resilience. In this study a statistical analysis of the ambient air temperature time series over Sydney, Australia during 1970-2016 has been carried out with the aim to investigate potential changes towards higher temperatures. The dataset has been statistically analyzed using different techniques, concluding that the investigation should be performed on a monthly basis. A persistence analysis was conducted using different statistical approaches to investigate the dependence between consecutive monthly and daily ambient air temperature values. A trend analysis of the ambient air temperature and degree days time series has been conducted using linear regression to estimate the linear trend (slope) and its statistical significance (using a Student-t-test) and the Kendall-Mann test to identify the time at which the tendency starts to occur as well as the time after which it becomes statistically significant.
Publisher: Routledge
Date: 23-07-2013
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 08-1990
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-1996
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-04-2015
DOI: 10.1007/S10661-015-4503-9
Abstract: The perception of the indoor environmental quality (IEQ) through questionnaires in conjunction with in-field measurements related to the indoor air quality (IAQ), the thermal comfort and the lighting environment were studied in nine naturally ventilated schools of Athens, Greece. Cluster analysis was carried out in order to determine the ranges of indoor air pollutants, temperature (T), relative humidity (RH), and ventilation rates at which the students were satisfied with the indoor environment. It was found that increased levels of particulate matter did not have a negative effect on students' perception while students seemed to link the degradation of IAQ with temperature variations. Statistically significant correlations were further found between measurement results and students' perception of the IEQ. Students' sick building syndrome (SBS) symptoms and performance of schoolwork were also investigated as a function of the levels of indoor air pollutants and ventilation, and there were found significant positive correlations between particulate matter (PM) and certain health symptoms. Students' learning performance seemed to be affected by the ventilation rates and carbon dioxide (CO₂) concentrations while certain health effects positively correlated to the levels of PM and CO₂. The energy consumption of schools was rather low compared to other national findings, and both the electricity and oil consumption for heating positively correlated to the levels of indoor air pollutants.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2010
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-06-2018
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-018-27590-Z
Abstract: Near-surface ozone is enhanced under particular chemical reactions and physical processes. This study showed the seasonal variation of near-surface ozone in Nicosia, Cyprus and focused in summers when the highest ozone levels were noted using a seven year hourly dataset from 2007 to 2014. The originality of this study is that it examines how ozone levels changed under heatwave conditions (defined as 4 consecutive days with daily maximum temperature over 39 °C) with emphasis on specific air quality and meteorological parameters with respect to non-heatwave summer conditions. The influencing parameters had a medium-strong positive correlation of ozone with temperature, UVA and UVB at daytime which increased by about 35% under heatwave conditions. The analysis of the wind pattern showed a small decrease of wind speed during heatwaves leading to stagnant weather conditions, but also revealed a steady diurnal cycle of wind speed reaching a peak at noon, when the highest ozone levels were noted. The negative correlation of NOx budget with ozone was further increased under heatwave conditions leading to steeper lows of ozone in the morning. In summary, this research encourages further analysis into the persistent weather conditions prevalent during HWs stimulating ozone formation for higher temperatures.
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 07-2014
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2014.09.060
Abstract: Ventilation rates and indoor air pollutants have been extensively monitored in nine naturally ventilated primary schools of Athens, Greece during spring. The ventilation rates and pollutant levels were studied during the teaching and non-teaching periods and ventilation profiles were created for each of the schools. The median ventilation rates per school ranged between 0.7 and 8 ACH while the average ventilation rate in all schools (11.7l/s ) was greater than the minimum recommended rates by ASHRAE for school classrooms. The average carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations per school varied between 893 and 2082ppm, while the majority of the cases were slightly above the recommended limit values. CO2 concentrations were also positively correlated to the number of students and negatively correlated to the ventilation rates. Particles of several size ranges (PM10, PM5, PM2.5, PM1, PM0.5 and UFP) were also measured and analyzed. PM10 concentrations exceeded the recommended limit values by more than 10 times for the majority of the cases. There were also many cases that the PM2.5 concentrations exceeded their limit values. PM concentrations were significantly affected by the ventilation rates and the presence of students. All of the measured particle sizes were greater during teaching than the non-teaching hours. For most of the cases the indoor to outdoor (I/O) concentrations ratios of PM10 and PM2.5 were much greater than one, indicating that the indoor environment was being mostly affected by indoor sources instead of the outdoor air. Furthermore it was found that chalk and marker boards' usage significantly affect indoor pollutant concentrations. Overall, the measured levels of exposure were for most of the cases greater than the recommended guideline values due to the intense presence of indoor pollution sources, even though the ventilation rates were in general satisfactory.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2002
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1994
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Date: 06-2010
Abstract: The intraurban temperature variation in the center of Athens, Greece, was investigated in relation to urban geometry. This paper describes two main tasks: 1) Air temperature was recorded in the center of Athens and at the Meteorological Service Station at the University of Athens. Experimental data were collected through extensive monitoring at four different heights inside five different urban canyons in the center of Athens during the summer period. A measurement uncertainty analysis was carried out to estimate critical threshold values of air temperature below which differences were not significant. 2) The correlation between urban–suburban air temperature differences was assessed, using the geometrical characteristics of each urban street canyon. Urban–rural air temperature differences were considered to be not important if they were below the threshold value of 0.3°C. It was concluded that the major factor controlling urban–suburban air temperature differences was the geometry of the urban area. Other factors were the orientation of the observational sites, the current weather conditions, and the inversion of air masses adjacent to the ground level. An increase in the value of aspect ratios leads to a decrease in the difference between air inside the canyons and at the suburban station. The air temperature profile in an open-space area was the most important defining factor for the stratification of the urban–rural air temperature differences.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2009
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2009.02.023
Abstract: The aim of the present work is to study the occupants' exposure to fine particulate concentrations in ten nightclubs (NCs) in Athens, Greece. Measurements of PM(1) and PM(2.5) were made in the outdoor and indoor environment of each NC. The average indoor PM(1) and PM(2.5) concentrations were found to be 181.77 microg m(-3) and 454.08 microg m(-3) respectively, while the corresponding outdoor values were 11.04 microg m(-3) and 32.19 microg m(-3). Ventilation and resuspension rates were estimated through consecutive numerical experiments with an indoor air quality model and were found to be remarkably lower than the minimum values recommended by national standards. The relative effects of the ventilation and smoking on the occupants' exposures were examined using multiple regression techniques. It was found that given the low ventilation rates, the effect of smoking as well as the occupancy is of the highest importance. Numerical evaluations showed that if the ventilation rates were at the minimum values set by national standards, then the indoor exposures would be reduced at the 70% of the present exposure values.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-1994
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1994
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-1993
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2011
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2006
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2002
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2008
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1994
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 19-07-2017
Abstract: This paper presents the methodology for the calculation of an indoor environmental quality indicator for residential buildings. The ‘Dwelling Environmental Quality Index’ has been developed with the purpose of assisting both households and property managers to identify potential problems with the indoor environment whilst ensuring that indoor environmental quality is not compromised in favour of energy saving. Based on the combined effect of three simple and commonly measured indoor environmental parameters – air temperature, relative humidity and CO 2 concentrations the index reflects in a single value the quality of indoor environmental conditions for the monitored period, in compliance with the European standard EN15251:2007. The application of the Dwelling Environmental Quality Index in single dwellings and in building blocks is demonstrated. The usability of the index as a communication and management tool for in idual households and property managers is also demonstrated.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1996
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1984
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-1994
Publisher: Routledge
Date: 17-06-2013
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2010
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2012
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2007
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1996
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2012
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 25-07-2018
Abstract: Extreme temperatures impose thermal stress on human health, resulting in increased hospitalizations and mortality rate. We investigated the circulatory and respiratory causes of death for the years 2007 to 2014 inclusive for the urban and rural areas of Nicosia, Cyprus under urban heatwave and non-heatwave conditions. Heatwaves were defined as four or more consecutive days with mean urban daily temperature over the 90th percentile threshold temperature of the eight investigated years. Lag period of adverse health effects was found to be up to three days following the occurrence of high temperatures. The relative risk (RR) for mortality rate under heatwave and non-heatwave conditions was found taking in consideration the lag period. The results showed the increase of mortality risk particularly for men of ages 65–69 (RR = 2.38) and women of ages 65–74 (around RR = 2.54) in the urban area, showing that women were more vulnerable to heat extremities. High temperatures were also associated with high ozone concentrations, but they did not impose an excess risk factor, as they did not reach extreme values. This analysis highlights the importance of preparing for potential heat related health impacts even in Cyprus, which is an island with frequent heatwaves.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1994
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 28-12-2022
DOI: 10.3390/BUILDINGS13010076
Abstract: Urban overheating and energy imbalances are severe environmental concerns. The role of urban sprawl patterns in the formation of Heat Island has recently absorbed the researchers’ interest. The research focuses on metropolitan areas with a range of urban typologies. However, there still is a knowledge gap in how UHI responds to different urban typologies. The interaction between urban configurations and heat island characteristics is explored in Sydney. A combination of terrestrial surveys and modelling techniques was implemented, and results were extracted based on simulation results. The Urban Taskforce Australia suggested the applied categorization methods that follow Stewart and Oke’s Local Climate Zones (LCZs) scheme. We assessed eleven urban designs on ambient air temperature, wind characteristics, heat intensity, and outdoor thermal comfort over three summer days. We correlated results to density and the built-up ratio in all configurations and found that the maximum configurational impact on the heat island reached 2.33 °C. Configurations with a built-up ratio between 0.37 to 0.5 present a sharp downward trend in the average wind speed value and indicate a minimum with a built-up ratio of 0.63. Wind maps present an increase in layouts with built-up ratios of 0.23 to 0.37, whereas they decreased with built-up ratios of higher than 0.43. The average temperature decrease in high-rise compact configurations was 1.12 °C per hour. This record is substantially higher than its open counterparts. The study showed the importance of urban configuration on thermal environmental quality. In addition, implementing appropriate urban design parameters is vital to mitigate heat islands and improve environmental thermal comfort in urban areas.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2000
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2012
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 19-03-2010
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2007
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2001
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1990
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-1996
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2015.01.060
Abstract: Urban heat island is the more documented phenomenon of climate change. Information on the magnitude and the characteristics of the canopy layer urban heat island measured in 101 cities and regions of Asia and Australia and collected through 88 scientific articles, are compiled, evaluated and presented. Data are classified in several clusters according to the experimental protocol used and the type of statistical information reported regarding the magnitude of the urban heat island. Results and detailed analysis are given for each defined cluster. Very significant differences on the UHI intensity are found between the clusters and analyzed in detail. The detailed impact of the main weather parameters and conditions on the magnitude of the UHI is also investigated. The specific influence of anthropogenic thermal fluxes as well as of the urban morphological and construction characteristics to UHI is thoroughly examined. The relation between the UHI intensity and the city size is assessed and global relationships of UHI as a function of the urban population are proposed. The seasonal and diurnal variability of the UHI is analyzed and discussed while specific features and conditions like the urban heat island characteristics in coastal cities and the existence of daytime cool islands are explored. Finally, the impact of the selected reference station and its characteristics is considered.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1994
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 09-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2014
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 18-10-2022
DOI: 10.3390/SU142013452
Abstract: Climate change influences urban mortality. The magnitude of such influences differs from locality to locality and is fundamentally driven by a facet of factors that include changes in local climatic conditions, demographics, and social-economic factors. Here, we employ regression and clustering methods to study linkages between mortality and local climatic changes in Seoul. Personal factors of the deceased (e.g., age and gender), social-economic factors (i.e., education level), and outdoor climatic factors, including heatwaves (HWs) and the urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon are considered in the analysis. We find that, among many elements of outdoor weather factors considered, the apparent temperature mostly correlated to daily mortalities the mortality risk to apparent temperature exposure is more heightened for males (RR = 0.40, 95% CI 0.23–0.54) than females (RR = 0.05, 95% CI −0.10–0.20) at higher apparent temperatures (i.e., 60 °C). Furthermore, the influence of HWs on mortality is more apparent in the “Male” gender group and the “Above 65” age group. The results are useful in identifying vulnerable demographics amid the changing climate, especially in urban areas, and are fundamental in developing policies that promote climate resilience and adaptation.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-1995
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2018
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 1992
Publisher: Routledge
Date: 08-09-2021
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-1983
DOI: 10.1007/BF02590159
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2002
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2019
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Date: 11-2008
Abstract: The mitigation of the heat island effect can be achieved by the use of cool materials that are characterized by high solar reflectance and infrared emittance values. Several types of cool materials have been tested and their optical and thermal properties reveal that these materials can be classified as “cool” with the ability to maintain lower surface temperatures. Cool materials can be used on buildings and other surfaces of the urban environment. Based on these results, a modeling study was undertaken to assess the urban heat island effect over Athens, Greece, a densely populated city, by trying to analyze the impacts of large-scale increases in surface albedo on ambient temperature. Numerical simulations were performed by the “urbanized” version of the nonhydrostatic fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University–NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5, version 3-6-1). Two scenarios of modified albedo were studied: a moderate and an extreme increase in albedo scenario. It was found that large-scale increases in albedo could lower ambient air temperatures by 2°C. Furthermore, the impact of high albedo measures on heat island magnitude was estimated by creating a spatial representation of the urban heat island effect over the modeled area. The results of this study can help to promote the adoption of high albedo measures in building energy codes and urban planning regulations.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2006
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2016
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 05-09-2023
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-1996
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 16-06-2007
DOI: 10.1029/2006JD008140
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-1999
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 10-10-2019
Publisher: Routledge
Date: 25-06-2012
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2007
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 10-2013
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2017
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 10-2013
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 1999
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 10-2013
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2007
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1990
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2013
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2003
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 04-1991
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-1995
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 07-2014
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1989
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2007
Publisher: Routledge
Date: 16-05-2012
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2006
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2012
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-1995
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 04-1991
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 28-04-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-1997
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2011
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2006
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-2002
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2000
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 09-2006
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 10-07-2021
DOI: 10.3390/CLI9070114
Abstract: Recent climatic trends of two nearby stations in Sydney were examined in terms of hourly ambient air temperature and wind direction for the time period 1999–2019. A reference was set for the monthly number of cooling (CDH) and heating (HDH) degree hours and the number of monthly hours that temperatures exceeded 24 °C (T24) or were below 14 °C (T14), parameters affecting not only the energy demands but also the quality of life. The degree hours were linked to the dominant synoptic conditions and the local phenomena: sea breeze and inland winds. The results indicated that both areas had higher mean monthly number of HDH (980–1421) than CDH (397–748), thus higher heating demands. The results also showed a higher mean monthly number of T14 (34–471) than T24 (40–320). A complete spatiotemporal profile of the climatic variations was given through the analysis of their dynamic progress and correlation. In order to estimate the daily values of CDH and HDH, T24 and T14 empirical models were calculated per month based on the maximum and minimum daily air temperatures. The use of forecasted weather conditions and the created empirical models may later be used in the energy planning scenarios.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2011
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2017
Publisher: Routledge
Date: 08-01-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1991
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-1996
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-1995
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 29-10-2018
DOI: 10.1002/ER.4238
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2004
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 23-04-2022
DOI: 10.3390/BUILDINGS12050537
Abstract: Urban and building typologies have a serious impact on the urban climate and determine at large the magnitude of the urban overheating and urban heat island intensity. The present study aims to analyze the impact of various city typologies and urban planning characteristics on the mitigation of the urban heat island. The effect of the building height, street width, aspect ratio, built area ratio, orientation, and dimensions of open spaces on the distribution of the ambient and surface temperature in open spaces is analyzed using the Sydney Metropolitan Area as a case study for both unmitigated and mitigated scenarios. Fourteen precincts are developed and simulated using ENVI-met the simulation tool. The ambient temperature, surface temperature, and wind speed are extracted. The parameter ‘Gradient of the Temperature Decrease along the Precinct Axis’ (GTD) is introduced to study the cooling potential of the various precincts. In the mitigated precincts, the GTD ranges between 0.01 K/m to 0.004 K/m. In the non-mitigated precincts, the GTD ranges between 0.0093 K/m to 0.0024 K/m. A strong correlation is observed between the GTD of all the precincts, with and without mitigation, and their corresponding average aspect ratio, (Height of buildings to Width of streets). The higher the aspect ratio of the precinct, the lower the cooling potential. It is also observed that the higher the Built Area Ratio of the precincts, the lower the cooling contribution of the mitigation measures.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2018
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 07-07-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-1996
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-1994
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-1993
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-1997
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2017
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 13-04-2017
DOI: 10.3390/SU9040606
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-1994
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1994
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2012
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 07-12-2020
DOI: 10.3390/BUILDINGS10120233
Abstract: Urban vegetation provides undeniable benefits to urban climate, health, thermal comfort and environmental quality of cities and represents one of the most considered urban heat mitigation measures. Despite the plethora of available scientific information, very little is known about the holistic and global impact of a potential increase of urban green infrastructure (GI) on urban climate, environmental quality and health, and their synergies and trade-offs. There is a need to evaluate globally the extent to which additional GI provides benefits and quantify the problems arising from the deployment of additional greenery in cities which are usually overlooked or neglected. The present paper has reviewed and analysed 55 fully evaluated scenarios and case studies investigating the impact of additional GI on urban temperature, air pollution and health for 39 cities. Statistically significant correlations between the percentage increase of the urban GI and the peak daily and night ambient temperatures are obtained. The average maximum peak daily and night-time temperature drop may not exceed 1.8 and 2.3 °C respectively, even for a maximum GI fraction. In parallel, a statistically significant correlation between the peak daily temperature decrease caused by higher GI fractions and heat-related mortality is found. When the peak daily temperature drops by 0.1 °C, then the percentage of heat-related mortality decreases on average by 3.0% The impact of additional urban GI on the concentration of urban pollutants is analysed, and the main parameters contributing to decrease or increase of the pollutants’ concentration are presented.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-05-2022
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-1994
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 20-12-2017
DOI: 10.3390/CLI5040097
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 10-10-2009
DOI: 10.1002/ER.1535
Start Date: 05-2022
End Date: 04-2025
Amount: $570,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2018
End Date: 03-2022
Amount: $362,734.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2020
End Date: 03-2023
Amount: $470,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded Activity