ORCID Profile
0000-0003-3921-1174
Current Organisations
University of Western Australia
,
University of Sydney
,
University of New South Wales
,
George Institute for Global Health
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Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2021
Abstract: Little is known about how to effectively encourage higher levels of activity among older people. This study tested the effectiveness of a public service advertisement designed according to recommendations for communicating with older audiences and featuring five types of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity: tennis, line dancing, cycling, swimming and jogging. A survey administered to 1,200 Australians aged 50+ years assessed effects of the public service advertisement on: motivation (intrinsic and extrinsic) perceived believability, relevance, and effectiveness and feelings elicited (e.g. interest, hope, guilt). Open-ended questions enabled respondents to describe aspects of the ad they considered to be most and least effective. Moderate to high scores were obtained on the motivation measures and the ad evaluation criteria of perceived effectiveness, likeability, believability and personal relevance. Mean scores for the feelings measures were generally low, with the exception of the positive feelings of being interested, inspired, hopeful and determined. The results suggest physical activity promotion ads can be motivating across age and socioeconomic subgroups of older people. Implications for public health: Ads aiming to encourage older people to be more physically active may be accepted and effective if they depict everyday older people enjoying a range of relevant activities.
Publisher: WHO Press
Date: 07-2023
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2023
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 13-07-2016
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 19-11-2020
DOI: 10.1186/S12966-020-01053-Z
Abstract: The effectiveness of Front-of-Pack nutrition Labels (FoPLs) may be influenced by national context. In light of the ongoing efforts to harmonize FoPLs across Europe, this study aimed to compare the effectiveness of five FoPLs (Health Star Rating system, Multiple Traffic Lights, Nutri-Score, Reference Intakes, Warning symbols) on consumer understanding and food choice in 12 European countries. In 2018–2019, for three food categories, approximately 1000 participants per country were asked to select which food they would prefer to purchase between three products with distinct nutritional quality profiles, and then to rank the products by nutritional quality. Participants ( N = 12,391 in total) completed these tasks first with no FoPL and then, after randomization to one of the five FoPLs, with a FoPL on the food packages. Associations between FoPLs and change in (i) nutritional quality of food choices and (ii) ability to correctly rank the products by nutritional quality were assessed with logistic regression models adjusted for sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics of participants, conducted overall and by country. Compared with the Reference Intakes, the Nutri-Score (OR = 3.23[2.75–3.81] p 0.0001), followed by the Multiple Traffic Lights (OR = 1.68[1.42–1.98] p 0.0001), was the most effective FoPL in helping consumers identify the foods’ nutritional quality, overall and in each of the 12 countries. Differences between FoPLs regarding food choice modifications were smaller, but the effect of the Nutri-Score seemed slightly higher in eliciting healthier food choices overall compared with the Reference Intakes, followed by the Warning symbols, the Multiple Traffic Lights and the Health Star Rating system. In the context of FoPL harmonization in Europe, these findings from an online experiment provide insights into the Nutri-Score’s effectiveness on European consumers.
Publisher: Highlights of Science, S.L.
Date: 10-02-2023
Abstract: Autonomous vehicles will be a key component of the sustainable cities and transport systems of the future. However, there is little data available on effective methods of communicating with the public about these benefits to optimise uptake and achieve their sustainability potential. The aim of this exploratory study was to assess outcomes associated with exposure to various messages communicating proposed benefits of autonomous vehicles. Australians aged 16+ years (n = 1053) responded to two online surveys administered two weeks apart. The instruments included items relating to demographic attributes, driving factors, and attitudes to autonomous vehicles. Respondents were randomised to one of five messages referring to efficient travel time, economic savings, saving lives, mobility for the elderly and disabled, and job opportunities. Messages relating to saving lives and providing mobility for the elderly and disabled performed best, especially in terms of presenting a strong argument (62% agreement) and believability (67% agreement), respectively. The results provide initial evidence that public awareness communications could favourably influence attitudes to autonomous vehicles, potentially enhancing uptake rates to yield corresponding benefits. This information will be of value in countries where the roll-out of autonomous vehicles is a strategic priority to achieve sustainable cities and transport systems.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 28-06-2022
DOI: 10.1002/HPJA.510
Abstract: Social media sites have become platforms for public discourse on e‐cigarettes, providing proponents with an opportunity to disseminate favourable information about the devices. Research examining the information being presented by Australian proponents of e‐cigarettes is limited. Accordingly, this study explored the Twitter feeds of Australian proponents of e‐cigarettes to determine the nature of the e‐cigarette‐related content being disseminated. All publicly available e‐cigarette‐related tweets and retweets (n = 1397) disseminated over a 15‐week period by five Australian e‐cigarette proponents were captured and analysed. The main topics covered in the 1397 tweets analysed related to (a) criticism of the arguments made by public health agencies/advocates who oppose e‐cigarettes (29%), (b) Australian e‐cigarette policy (19%), (c) the health risks of e‐cigarettes (16%) and (d) the efficacy of e‐cigarettes as smoking cessation aids (13%). Proponents argued that the precautionary principle adopted by public health agencies/advocates lacks an appropriate evidence base and that legalising e‐cigarettes would reduce smoking rates and smoking‐related harm. Proponents minimised the risks associated with e‐cigarette use and only presented evidence indicating that use facilitates smoking cessation. The assessed tweets have the potential to reduce the public's trust in the information being presented by authoritative public health agencies/advocates. The dissemination of information downplaying the health risks associated with e‐cigarettes may distort perceptions of the devices. To assist tobacco control efforts, results highlight the need for (a) ongoing surveillance of the tweets of e‐cigarette proponents and (b) provision of evidence‐based counterarguments on social media.
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 06-2019
DOI: 10.1136/BMJOPEN-2018-027962
Abstract: To assess public support for 10 potential policy initiatives to reduce sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption. A 2014 historical data set, which employed a face-to-face survey in one Australian state (study 1), provided the basis for comparison with our 2017 nationally representative, cross-sectional, computer-assisted telephone interviewing population survey (study 2). Study 1: South Australians, 15+ years (n=2732) study 2: Australians, 18+ years (n=3430). Primary outcome measures: levels of support for SSB-specific policy initiatives. For the 2017 national study (study 2), demographic characteristics, body mass index, knowledge of potential harms caused by consuming SSBs and SSB consumption were included in multivariable regression analyses. In 2017, all 10 potential policy initiatives received majority support (60%–88% either ‘somewhat’ or ‘strongly’ in favour). Initiatives with educative elements or focused on children received high support ( %), with highest support observed for text warning labels on drink containers (88%) and government c aigns warning of adverse health effects (87%). Higher support was observed for SSB tax paired with using funds for obesity prevention (77%) than a stand-alone tax (60%). Support for policy initiatives was generally greater among those who believed SSB daily consumption could cause health problems in adults (4%–18% absolute difference) and/or in children (8%–26% absolute difference) and lower among SSB high consumers (7+ drinks per week 9%–29% absolute difference). State-specific data comparison indicated increased support from 2014 to 2017 for taxation (42%vs55% χ 2 =15.7, p .001) and graphic health warnings (52%vs68% χ 2 =23.4. p .001). There is strong public support for government action, particularly regulatory and educational interventions, to reduce SSB consumption, which appears to have increased since 2014. The findings suggest that framing policies as protecting children, presenting taxation of SSBs in conjunction with other obesity prevention initiatives and education focused on the harms associated with SSB consumption will increase support.
Publisher: American Public Health Association
Date: 12-2019
Abstract: Objectives. To determine which front-of-package label (out of 5 formats) is most effective at guiding consumers toward healthier food choices. Methods. Respondents from Argentina, Australia, Bulgaria, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Mexico, Singapore, Spain, the United Kingdom, and the United States took part in the Front-of-Pack International Comparative Experiment between April and July 2018. Respondents were shown foods of varying nutritional quality (with no label on package) and selected which they would be most likely to purchase. The same choice sets were then shown again with 1 of 5 randomly allocated labels on package (Health Star Rating (HSR), Multiple Traffic Lights (MTL), Nutri-Score, Reference Intakes, or Warning Label). We calculated an improvement score (from 11 100 valid responses) to identify the extent to which the labels produced healthier choices. Results. The most effective labels were the Nutri-Score and the MTL (mean improvement score = 0.09 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.07, 0.11), then the Warning Label (0.06 95% CI = 0.04, 0.08), the HSR (0.05 95% CI = 0.03, 0.07), and lastly the Reference Intakes (0.04 95% CI = 0.02, 0.04). Conclusions. Well-designed, salient, and intuitive front-of-package labels can be effective on a global scale. Their impact is not bound to the country from which they originate.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 29-01-2013
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-07-2014
Publisher: E.U. European Publishing
Date: 24-10-2023
DOI: 10.18332/TID/172414
Publisher: AMPCo
Date: 06-2014
DOI: 10.5694/MJA14.00382
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 30-11-2021
DOI: 10.3390/NU13124335
Abstract: Several studies have identified Front-of-Pack Nutrition Labels (FoPLs) as a promising strategy to improve the nutritional quality of consumers’ food choices and encourage manufacturers to offer healthier products. This study aims to fill the evidence gap regarding the most effective FoPL among the Portuguese population. In total, 1059 Portuguese participants were recruited through a web panel provider and asked to declare their intended food choices and to rank three sets of products (pizza, cakes and breakfast cereals) according to their nutritional quality, first in the absence of any labelling, and then with a FoPL displayed on-pack (five FoPLs tested). Finally, participants were asked to answer nine statements related to perceptions of FoPLs. Results showed that participants improved their food choices, depending on the FoPL and the food category. All FoPLs led to a higher percentage of correct responses on the ranking task compared to the no label condition. The Nutri-Score was among the FoPLs producing the greatest improvement across all food categories compared to the reference intakes (OR = 6.45 [4.43–9.39], p-value 0.0001) and facilitating the highest percentage to correctly rank products according to nutritional quality. This study suggests that, among the available options, Nutri-Score is the most efficient FoPL to inform Portuguese consumers of the nutritional quality of foods and help them identify healthier options in mock purchasing situations.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-07-2016
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 31-07-2023
Abstract: The use of e-cigarettes has been rising in the UK, particularly by young people. This study investigated behaviours, attitudes and beliefs about e-cigarettes amongst 15–30-year-olds in the UK. An online survey was administered to a s le of 1009 15–30-year-olds in the UK. About one in five participants currently used e-cigarettes at least monthly, with 1 in 10 using them daily. Amongst those using e-cigarettes at least monthly, 90% had used e-cigarettes containing nicotine. E-cigarettes were mainly obtained from vape shops and used at home. Having friends who used e-cigarettes and using them to help quit/reduce smoking were the most common reasons for vaping. About half of participants had been exposed to e-cigarette advertising, especially online, and warning labels on e-cigarettes. Most participants agreed that e-cigarettes are addictive (75%), help people quitting smoking (64%) and are bad for health (63%). Previous or current tobacco smokers were 9 and 22 times more likely to use e-cigarettes than never smokers, respectively. Perceiving e-cigarettes as harmful was associated with a 40% lower likelihood of use. Raising awareness on the uncertain long-term consequences of vaping and regulation of marketing and sales are crucial to protect young people in the UK.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 03-04-2020
Abstract: To measure implementation outcomes of a freely available workplace health promotion program (Healthier Workplace Western Australia [HWWA]) that provides employees with services and supports to make changes in their workplaces. Western Australian workplaces. Employees accessing HWWA services. A range of services (training sessions, tailored advice, grant schemes, online resources) were offered relating to nutrition, physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption, and mental health. Of the 1627 in iduals e-mailed 6 months after participation in HWWA, 345 (21%) in iduals who recalled accessing one or more services completed a survey assessing the number and type of changes they had implemented and the perceived barriers to doing so. Negative binomial regressions and one-way analysis of variances assessed whether respondent characteristics or number of services used was associated with the number and types of changes made. A qualitative analysis of the perceived barriers was also conducted. The majority of respondents (86%) reported implementing one or more changes. Greater perceived responsibility/authority to make change (β = .56, P .01), perceived support from coworkers (β = .23, P .05), and number of HWWA services used (β = .04, P .05) were positive predictors of the number of changes made. Frequently reported barriers included cost/budget restrictions, lack of management support, and resistance from staff. The HWWA program facilitated implementation of various healthy workplace initiatives across the organizations represented in the evaluation.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 16-10-2020
DOI: 10.1017/S0144686X20001397
Abstract: Being active in later life is key to remaining physically and mentally healthy, and health in turn influences in iduals’ ability to remain active. Activity prevalence figures can disguise the existence of clusters of older people who are very active due to regular participation in multiple categories of activity versus those who are sedentary. The aim of this study was to conduct segmentation analyses based on retired seniors’ engagement in various activities (walking, active sport/exercise, gardening and volunteering) to identify groups characterised by varying patterns of participation. The s le comprised 746 Western Australians aged 60+ years (range 60–95 years, average age 71.66 years, standard deviation = 6.57), 61 per cent of whom were female. Using latent profile analysis, four distinct segments emerged. Those respondents classified as belonging to the most active group exhibited moderate to high levels of participation across all four forms of activity, and tended to be older and more educated than other respondents. Those allocated to the least active group had very low levels of participation across most of the assessed activities and the least favourable physical and mental health scores. Overall, the results indicate the existence of highly ergent segments within the older population in terms of participation across various combinations of health-promoting activities. Segment membership appears to be more closely associated with physical and psychological factors than socio-demographic characteristics.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2021
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-11-2022
DOI: 10.1111/DAR.13574
Abstract: The emergence of autonomous vehicles (AV) heralds new methods of alcohol delivery that are likely to have substantial implications for home drinking. The aim of this study was to explore the factors that have the potential to hasten or restrict widescale increases in alcohol availability resulting from AVs. Thirty-six interviews were conducted with 44 stakeholders across erse sectors. Interviewees discussed their perceptions of how AVs will evolve and the implications for alcohol access. The interview transcripts were analysed to develop a typology of factors that need to be addressed to minimise harms associated with greater home alcohol consumption due to AVs. The interviewees identified a range of demand-side (e.g., enhanced convenience for consumers) and supply-side (e.g., increased efficiency for providers) factors associated with AV home deliveries that could increase the prevalence and volume of home drinking. A third category of factors related to potential forms of regulation: suggested harm-minimisation options related to appropriate enhancements of licensing restrictions and responsible service requirements and the use of various fiscal levers to introduce price barriers. The suggested strategies will require collaborative efforts across government and non-government organisations to address the potential issues arising from the advent of AV alcohol deliveries. Technological and policy solutions will be needed to ensure responsible service of alcohol. This study provides policy makers with insights into forms of intervention that may be required to minimise the harms associated with the use of AVs in alcohol home delivery systems.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 26-10-2010
DOI: 10.1038/IJO.2010.221
Abstract: To review child and adolescent obesity prevention programmes to determine whether they have included the Social Marketing Benchmark Criteria (BC). In addition, we analysed whether there was a relationship between the presence of the criteria and the effectiveness of the programme. Interventions had to be aimed at preventing obesity through behaviour changes relating to diet, physical activity, lifestyle and social support, separately or in combination. A total of 41 interventions were identified in PubMed and Embase that fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The more recent the studies, the greater the number of the BC that seem to have been used. However, regarding behaviour changes, we found the most effective period to be 1997-2002, with 100% of the interventions resulting in behaviour changes (9/9). In addition, almost all interventions resulted in improvements in body composition variables: 5 of 6 for body mass index or overweight/obesity prevalence and 6 of 6 for skin-folds. The presence of a higher number of BC does not assure higher effectiveness. Further research is required in this field. At the moment, studies aimed at preventing obesity in children and adolescents have not included social marketing aspects in their interventions in a comprehensive manner.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2017
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 09-2016
DOI: 10.1037/ADB0000194
Abstract: While protective behavioral strategies (PBSs) have the potential to reduce alcohol-related harm, there is a lack of understanding of the factors influencing adults' use of these strategies. The present study assessed the frequency of enactment of a range of PBSs among Australian adults and identified factors associated with their use and the implications for alcohol harm minimization. A s le of 2,168 Australian drinkers (1,095 males and 1,073 females) recruited via a web panel provider completed an online survey that included items relating to quantity and frequency of alcohol consumption, beliefs about the health consequences of alcohol consumption, use of 5 specific PBSs (e.g., counting drinks and eating while drinking), and demographic characteristics. In general, use of these PBSs was negatively associated with overall alcohol consumption. However, usage rates were relatively low, especially among the heaviest drinkers. Refusing unwanted drinks and alternating between alcoholic and nonalcoholic beverages were identified as especially important strategies in the Australian context, accounting for a substantial proportion of the variance in alcohol consumption. Greater efforts to increase awareness and use of PBSs are warranted. In particular, the results suggest that information relating to the importance of refusing unwanted drinks and alternating between alcoholic and nonalcoholic beverages should be actively disseminated to the drinking public. In addition, the reliance on specified numbers of standard drinks in national drinking guidelines suggests encouraging drinkers to count their drinks should be a further focus of interventions given low reported prevalence of this behavior. (PsycINFO Database Record
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-04-2017
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-07-2019
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-2016
DOI: 10.3109/10826084.2016.1172641
Abstract: To investigate alcohol consumption intentions among Australian women of childbearing age by pregnancy status. Three national online surveys were conducted with adult drinkers who consume an alcoholic beverage at least two days per month. Data from female respondents of childbearing age were analyzed according to pregnancy status: pregnant (n = 101), possibly pregnant (n = 178), and not pregnant (n = 1,957). Pregnant drinkers were significantly more likely than possibly pregnant and nonpregnant drinkers of child-bearing age to report that they should and will reduce their alcohol consumption. Results showed that 33% of the pregnant women, 32% of the nonpregnant women, and 39% of the possibly pregnant women reported intending to drink five or more standard drinks on a single occasion in the following two weeks. Older pregnant women exhibited higher rates of heavy drinking intentions and lower intentions to reduce their consumption relative to younger pregnant women. Despite current alcohol consumption guidelines recommending abstinence while pregnant, pregnant respondents exhibited heavy episodic drinking intentions comparable to those of their nonpregnant peers. There is a need to increase public awareness of current alcohol guidelines for pregnant women. Older women of childbearing age and those planning a pregnancy may require particular attention.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-08-2014
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2023
Publisher: E.U. European Publishing
Date: 23-01-2023
DOI: 10.18332/TID/156836
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2017
DOI: 10.1071/PY16104
Abstract: In Australia, the immediate post-school period (known as ‘Schoolies’) is associated with heavy drinking and high levels of alcohol-related harm. This study investigated students’ intended alcohol consumption during Schoolies to inform interventions to reduce alcohol-related harm among this group. An online survey was administered to students in their senior year of schooling. Included items related to intended daily alcohol consumption during Schoolies, amount of money intended to be spent on alcohol over the Schoolies period, and past drinking behaviour. On average, participants (n=187) anticipated that they would consume eight standard drinks per day, which is substantially higher than the recommended maximum of no more than four drinks on a single occasion. Participants intended to spend an average of A$131 on alcohol over the Schoolies period. Although higher than national guidelines, intended alcohol consumption was considerably lower than has been previously documented during Schoolies events. The substantial amounts of money expected to be spent during Schoolies suggest this group has adequate spending power to constitute an attractive target market for those offering alternative activities that are associated with lower levels of alcohol-related harm.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.SOCSCIMED.2015.07.035
Abstract: This study employed an exploratory approach to generate detailed information about how in-store shopping experiences and exposure to sales promotion activities feature in the alcohol choices of Australian 18-21 year old drinkers. The qualitative methods of interviews, focus groups, and emailed narratives were used during 2014 to collect relevant data. The findings suggest that young drinkers' in-store shopping experiences and exposure to sales promotions influence the type, range, and quantity of alcohol purchased. In particular, the role of sales staff can be critical in increasing the amount of alcohol purchased by drawing drinkers' attention to and encouraging their participation in sales promotions. There thus appears to be an important interaction between promotional practices and young drinkers purchasing substantially larger quantities of alcohol than originally intended. Such practices need review in light of the high risk of alcohol-related harm experienced by many members of this age group.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 14-09-2021
DOI: 10.3390/NU13093195
Abstract: Underconsumption of dietary fiber is prevalent worldwide and is associated with multiple adverse health conditions. Despite the importance of fiber, the labeling of fiber content on packaged foods and beverages is voluntary in most countries, making it challenging for consumers and policy makers to monitor fiber consumption. Here, we developed a machine learning approach for automated and systematic prediction of fiber content using nutrient information commonly available on packaged products. An Australian packaged food dataset with known fiber content information was ided into training (n = 8986) and test datasets (n = 2455). Utilization of a k-nearest neighbors machine learning algorithm explained a greater proportion of variance in fiber content than an existing manual fiber prediction approach (R2 = 0.84 vs. R2 = 0.68). Our findings highlight the opportunity to use machine learning to efficiently predict the fiber content of packaged products on a large scale.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 21-04-2017
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 04-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2002
DOI: 10.1016/J.ENDINU.2019.03.013
Abstract: Increased prevalence of obesity and its comorbidities has shown the need to implement social policies to help curb this trend. Nutritional risk factors are recognized as key drivers of obesity and other chronic diseases in Spain and in other Western countries. Front-of-package labels (FoPLs) are efficient tools to help consumers make healthier choices. To be useful in purchasing situations, consumers need to understand the information provided by FoPLs. The study objective was to assess objective understanding by consumers of five types of FoPLs, i.e. Health Star Rating system (HSR), Multiple Traffic Lights (MTL), Nutri-Score, Reference Intakes (RIs), and Warning symbol in Spain. In 2018, 1,000 Spanish participants were recruited and requested to rank three sets of label-free products (one set of three pizzas, one set of three cakes, and one set of three breakfast cereals) according to their nutritional quality in an on-line survey. Participants were then randomized to one of the five types of FoPLs, and were requested to rank the same sets of products again, this time with a given FoPL displayed on the package. Changes in ability to correctly rank products according to FoPLs were compared between both tasks using ordinal logistic regression. For all three food categories, Nutri-Score performed significantly better, followed by MTL, the Warning symbol, HSR and RIs. Nutri-Score emerged as the most efficient FoPL in conveying information on the nutritional quality of foods among Spanish consumers.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 20-10-2018
DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2017.1363239
Abstract: Mass-attended youth events represent a substantial public health challenge due to high levels of alcohol consumption and corresponding high rates of alcohol-related harm. Although previous research has documented the protective effect of high drinking refusal self-efficacy (DRSE) on alcohol consumption in general, there is a lack of research examining the role of DRSE in reducing consumption during mass-attended youth events and the factors associated with DRSE in these contexts. This study aimed to identify potentially modifiable factors that influence DRSE and drinking intentions to inform interventions designed to reduce alcohol-related harm during mass-attended events. Australian secondary school students (n = 586 70% female) in their final two years of high school completed an online survey assessing their alcohol consumption intentions for Schoolies, their perceived degree of DRSE, and other in idual and environmental factors. Path analysis was used to assess a mediational model examining factors associated with DRSE and alcohol consumption intentions. DRSE was found to be significantly associated with intended alcohol consumption during Schoolies. Specifically, leavers who believed they would not be able to refuse others' offers of alcoholic drinks reported significantly greater alcohol consumption intentions. Results also revealed that DRSE was enhanced in those respondents who believed there would be a variety of non-drinking activities and non-alcoholic beverages available to them during Schoolies. Results suggest the need to increase leavers' confidence in their ability to refuse unwanted alcoholic beverages and highlight the importance of providing celebration options that do not involve alcohol consumption.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 15-12-2020
DOI: 10.1017/S1368980020004966
Abstract: Many countries are considering the implementation of front-of-pack nutrition labels as a strategy to address high and increasing levels of overweight and obesity. A growing body of work demonstrates the superiority of labels that use colour and/or provide a summary indicator of product healthiness to enhance comprehension. However, previous studies have been confounded in determining the relative effectiveness of these two attributes by comparing labels that also differ in other ways. The present study tested labels that varied only on use of colour and/or reliance on a summary indicator across an international s le to provide unique insights into the relative importance of these attributes. Participants were randomised to see one of four variations of the Health Star Rating label that differed on the basis of use of colour and sole provision of a summary indicator. Australia, Canada, China, India, New Zealand, the UK and the USA. Adults ( n 7545) in seven countries were exposed to online choice tasks requiring them to select a preferred breakfast cereal and then nominate the healthiest cereal. Overall, the coloured versions, and particularly the one with just a summary indicator, outperformed the monochrome version that included nutrient-specific information. However, there were some differences by country, with results from Canada and China indicating superior outcomes for monochrome labels and those providing nutrient-specific information. The results highlight the importance of colour, but suggest that the introduction of front-of-pack nutrition labels should be preceded by country-specific formative testing to identify potential differences in outcomes.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2010
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 07-2018
Abstract: Older people are less likely to engage in strength training than their younger counterparts, despite the substantial benefits of this form of exercise for preventing and addressing age-related physical decline. In many countries, strength training programs are available for older people yet are undersubscribed. The aim of this study was to identify the factors influencing older people’s participation in strength training at gyms and fitness centers to provide insights into potentially effective recruitment and retention strategies for this population. A total of 79 in iduals from four stakeholder groups (seniors, fitness center instructors and managers, health practitioners, and those involved in policy) were interviewed to identify and explicate relevant factors. A detailed typology was developed that provides insights into potential strategies at five ecological system levels: intrapersonal, interpersonal, organizational, social, and policy. The typology can be used as a tool for identifying opportunities to encourage strength training participation among older people.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 22-08-2022
DOI: 10.1002/WFP2.12044
Abstract: Thailand has used front‐of‐pack labelling (FoPL) policies to support its public health objectives of improving consumer nutrition to reduce the risk of noncommunicable disease. A rapid literature review explored the current types of FoPL systems in Thailand and how they are understood by consumers. Twelve studies were included, most of which examined the mandatory Guideline Daily Amount (GDA) label. Evidence showed gaps in consumer comprehension of the GDA—consistent with international literature demonstrating the GDA is not as effective at improving identification and choice of healthier foods as interpretive labels. Thai consumers reported somewhat better comprehension when colors or text were added to the GDA. Thai stakeholders should consider supplementing or replacing the GDA with one of the newer FoPL systems shown to be more effective in other countries. More rigorous research is necessary to ensure potential FoPL schemes have intended effects among Thai consumers to inform policy action.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2019
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 09-02-2015
DOI: 10.1136/TOBACCOCONTROL-2014-051737
Abstract: As smoking is increasingly de-normalised, different messages may become more appropriate for use in tobacco control advertisements to reflect the changing social environment. To date, more commonly used messages have included fear appeals relating to physical health and guilt appeals focusing on the effects of smoking on loved ones. This study investigated the relative effectiveness of varying advertising appeals to promote smoking cessation. The study was conducted in Australia, where only 12% of the population smokes and legislation restricts smoking in many public places. The aim was to provide insight into ways to motivate the small segment of existing smokers to consider quitting. Across a qualitative phase and an ad testing phase, shame was found to be highly salient to current smokers and those who had quit recently. On the basis of these results, a television advertisement featuring a shame appeal was developed and broadcast. The ad featured various scenarios of in iduals hiding their smoking from others. The c aign was evaluated using the measures of awareness, believability, perceived relevance and smoking behaviours. The shame appeal television advertisement was found to resonate with smokers and encourage quitting/reducing behaviours. Around 4 in 5 (78%) smokers surveyed recalled seeing the ad, almost all of whom could nominate at least one correct take-out message (94%). Around three-quarters (72%) found the ad to be personally relevant and half (53%) reported that they had successfully quit, attempted to quit or cut down the number of cigarettes they smoked since the start of the c aign. The use of shame appeals may be an effective method of motivating smokers to quit in an environment where they are members of a small minority and supportive legislation exists to discourage smoking in public places.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 29-06-2022
DOI: 10.3390/NU14132700
Abstract: This study used various nutrient profile models (NPMs) to evaluate the nutritional quality of pre-packaged foods in China to inform future food policy development. Nutrition data for pre-packaged foods were collected through FoodSwitch China in 2017–2020. The analyses included 73,885 pre-packaged foods, including 8236 beverages and 65,649 foods. Processed foods (PFs) and ultra-processed foods (UPFs) accounted for 8222 (11.4%) and 47,003 (63.6%) of all products, respectively. Among the 55,425 PFs and UPFs, the overall proportion of products with an excessive quantity of at least one negative nutrient was 86.0% according to the Chilean NPM (2019), 83.3% for the Pan American Health Organization NPM (PAHO NPM), and 90.6% for the Western Pacific Region NPM for protecting children from food marketing (WPHO NPM), respectively. In all NPMs, 70.4% of PFs and UPFs were identified as containing an excessive quantity of at least one negative nutrient, with higher proportions of UPFs compared to PFs. Food groups exceeding nutrient thresholds in most NPMs included snack foods, meat and meat products, bread and bakery products, non-alcoholic beverages, confectionery, and convenience foods. In conclusion, PFs and UPFs accounted for three-fourths of pre-packaged foods in China, and the majority of PFs and UPFs exceeded the threshold for at least one negative nutrient under all three NPMs. Given the need to prevent obesity and other diet-related chronic diseases, efforts are warranted to improve the healthiness of foods in China through evidence-based food policy.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 05-01-2022
Abstract: Dietary practices are a key behavioral factor in chronic disease prevention one strategy for improving such practices population-wise involves front-of-package labels (FoPL). This online randomized study, conducted in a quota-based s le of 1159 Polish adults (mean age = 40.9 ± 15.4 years), assessed the objective understanding of five FoPL: Health Star Rating, Multiple Traffic Lights, NutriScore, Reference Intakes (RI) and Warning Label. Objective understanding was evaluated by comparing results of two nutritional quality ranking tasks (without/with FoPL) using three food categories (breakfast cereals, cakes, pizza). Associations between FoPL exposure and objective understanding were assessed via multivariable ordinal logistic regression. Compared to RI and across food categories, significant improvement in objective understanding was seen for NutriScore (OR = 2.02 95% CI: 1.41–2.91) and Warning Label (OR = 1.61 95% CI: 1.12–2.32). In age-stratified analyses, significant improvement in objective understanding compared to RI emerged mainly among adults aged 18–30 years randomized to NutriScore (all food categories: OR = 3.88 95% CI: 2.04–7.36 cakes: OR = 6.88 95% CI: 3.05–15.51). Relative to RI, NutriScore was associated with some improvement in objective understanding of FoPL across and within food categories, especially among young adults. These findings contribute to the ongoing debate about an EU-wide FoPL model.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2019
Abstract: Objective This study aimed to: i) explore potential sources of cessation support as nominated by disadvantaged smokers and ii) identify factors influencing decisions to use these sources. Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 84 smokers accessing community service organisations from the alcohol and other drugs, homeless, and mental health sectors. Transcripts were coded and thematically analysed. Results Doctors emerged as the most commonly recognised source of cessation support, followed by Quitline, community service organisation staff and online resources. The main factors contributing to the possible use of these sources of support were identified as awareness, perceived usefulness and anticipated emotional support. Conclusions The results suggest that doctors are an important group to consider when developing cessation interventions for disadvantaged smokers due to their recognised ability to provide practical and emotional support. However, efforts are needed to ensure doctors are aware of the benefits of cessation for these groups. Community service organisations appear to be another potentially effective source of cessation support for disadvantaged smokers. Implications for public health The results indicate that cessation interventions among high-priority groups should endeavour to provide personalised emotional and practical support. Doctors and community service organisation staff appear to be well-placed to deliver this support.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.APPET.2021.105818
Abstract: Effective strategies to reduce free sugar intake are needed. This study examined exposure to a warning label, independently and in conjunction with a Health Star Rating (HSR) label, on the selection of commercially available cold beverages with real decision-making stakes. Participants (N = 511, 47.9% female, mean = 21.7 (SD = 6.1) years) accessed an online convenience store app via an on-c us laptop to select one of 10 beverages (5 sugar-sweetened beverages [SSBs], 1100% fruit juice, 2 artificially sweetened beverages [ASBs] and 2 waters). The task was repeated with the addition of a warning label on high-sugar drinks in Round 2, and the addition of an HSR label on all drinks in Round 3. Participants were informed that they would receive a complementary drink (valued at <$5AUD) based on their selections following the completion of a brief questionnaire. Baseline results indicated that SSBs and waters were the most and least popular choices, respectively. For both males and females, there was a significant decrease in SSB selection (p < 0.001) and significant increase in ASB and water selection (p < 0.001) following the addition of warning labels to high-sugar drinks. The decreased selection of SSBs and increased selection of waters was maintained in Round 3 when HSR labels were added to all drinks. 100% fruit juice selection decreased with the addition of a warning label for females only (p < 0.01), but increased following the addition of a 4-star HSR label, for both males (p < 0.05) and females (p < 0.001). Warning labels reduced young adults' selection of SSBs and promoted substitution to water. The HSR reinforced this effect for the least healthy drinks. Increased water selection may be further enhanced by ensuring that warning label thresholds and HSR algorithms align to present consistent messaging.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 10-03-2019
DOI: 10.1093/TBM/IBZ029
Abstract: Lung cancer screening of high-risk in iduals with computed tomography is a promising intervention to reduce lung cancer mortality. Patient Decision Aids (PtDAs) may assist eligible in iduals assess the risks and benefits associated with screening. Screening preference is high among lower-risk, screening-ineligible in iduals and strategies are needed to reduce screening demand among this group. We developed and evaluated a resource comprising a recruitment p hlet combined with either a PtDA for screening-eligible in iduals or an education p hlet for screening-ineligible in iduals. Quasi-experimental pre-post p hlet exposure design. Ever-smokers aged 55–80 years attending hospital outpatient clinics were invited. Among screening-eligible participants, the assessed outcome was change in score on the Decisional Conflict Scale (DCS). Among screening-ineligible participants, the assessed outcomes were change in screening preference. In the study 51% (55/107) of invited in iduals participated, with mean ± standard deviation age 66.9 ± 6.4 years, 53% (29/55) male, and 65% (36/55) eligible for screening. Median (interquartile range) DCS among screening-eligible participants reduced from 28.9 (22.7–45.3) pre-PtDA to 25 (1.6–29.7) post-PtDA (p & .001), but there was no significant change in the proportion that reached the accepted threshold for decisional certainty (DCS & 25, 10/36 [28%] pre-exposure vs. 14/36 [39%] post-exposure, p = .1). Screening preference among screening-ineligible in iduals reduced after viewing the screening-ineligible brochure (pre-exposure median of “Prefer” to post-exposure median of “Unsure,” p = .001). Our consumer information p hlets about lung cancer screening may reduce decisional conflict and improve alignment of screening preference with eligibility.
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 2012
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 31-10-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2020
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 23-06-2021
DOI: 10.1177/17579759211019219
Abstract: Vehicle automation is progressing rapidly and autonomous vehicles (AVs) are forecast to become a central feature of transportation systems globally. This development has the potential to result in profound changes in walking behaviors. The present study examined this issue from the perspective of relevant experts for the purpose of informing health policy. Interviews were conducted with 44 key stakeholders in Australia ( n = 34), the European Union ( n = 5), the UK ( n = 4), and the US ( n = 1). The stakeholders represented a wide range of sectors including government, AV manufacturing/servicing companies, transport policy consortiums, technology firms, insurers (public and private), trade unions, consumer representation organizations, and academia. Two potential scenarios were evident in interviewees’ discussions of the ways AVs are likely to be introduced and the implications for walking behaviors. The most beneficial scenario, but the least likely to eventuate, was considered to be the situation where people relinquish private vehicle ownership and rely on a combination of walking, public transport, and on-demand transport. The alternative scenario involved greater private AV ownership, traffic congestion, and urban sprawl, resulting in less walking activity. The convergence of the stakeholders’ views around the opposing identified scenarios highlights the need for proactive policy development to ensure the emerging transport transformation does not result in substantial increases in sedentarism.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2023
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2018
Abstract: High rates of population obesity have resulted in the dissemination of mass media c aigns that focus on achieving and maintaining a healthy weight. The aim of the present study was to analyse advertising techniques used in such c aigns to identify common and differential approaches in three countries with similar cultures and rates of obesity (Australia, the United Kingdom and the United States). An Internet search was conducted to identify healthy weight television advertisements aired in the three countries. Seventy-two advertisements were located and coded according to the advertising techniques employed. Despite the cultural similarity and comparable obesity rates of the three countries, there were few consistencies in advertising techniques employed. A main focus of the ads was diet, but disparate approaches were used to convey the message in each country. The identified wide variation in advertising techniques may suggest that c aign managers would benefit from greater certainty about which advertising approaches are most effective in encouraging lifestyle behaviours associated with a healthy weight. Implications for public health: A more robust evidence base would be useful to guide the development of healthy weight c aigns.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 06-12-2018
DOI: 10.1017/S1368980017003561
Abstract: To explore children’s responses to sponsorship of community junior sport by unhealthy food brands and investigate the utility of alternative, pro-health sponsorship options. Between-subjects experiment, with four sponsorship conditions: A, non-food branding (control) B, unhealthy food branding C, healthier food branding D, obesity prevention c aign branding. Online experiment conducted in schools. Participants were shown a junior sports pack for their favourite sport that contained merchandise with branding representing their assigned sponsorship condition. Participants viewed and rated the sports pack, completed a distractor task, then completed questions assessing brand awareness, brand attitudes and preference for food sponsors’ products. Students in grades 1 to 3 (aged 5–10 years n 1124) from schools in metropolitan Melbourne, Australia. Compared with the control condition, there were no significant effects of unhealthy food branding on awareness of, attitudes towards or preference for these brands. Exposure to healthier food branding prompted a significant increase in the proportion of children aware of these brands, but did not impact attitudes towards or preference for these brands. Exposure to either healthier food branding or obesity prevention c aign branding prompted a significant reduction in the proportion of children showing a preference for unhealthy food sponsor products. The sponsorship of children’s sport by healthier food brands may promote awareness of these brands and healthier sponsorship branding may reduce preferences for some unhealthy food products. Establishing and implementing healthy sponsor criteria in sports clubs could forge healthier sponsorship arrangements and help phase out unhealthy food and beverage sponsors.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 13-06-2018
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 02-12-2016
DOI: 10.3390/NU8120787
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.SOCSCIMED.2014.08.024
Abstract: Family interactions about weight and health take place against the backdrop of the wider social discourse relating to the obesity epidemic. Parents (and children) negotiate complex and often contradictory messages in constructing a set of beliefs and practices around obesity and weight management. Despite this, very little research attention has been given to the nature of family-unit discourse on the subject of body weight and it's potential influence on the weight-related behaviours of family members. This includes the broad influence that dominant socio-cultural discourses have on family conceptualisations of weight and health. Using in-depth qualitative interviews with 150 family 'groups' comprised of at least one parent and one child in Victoria and South Australia, we explored how parents and children conceptualise and discuss issues of weight- and health-related lifestyle behaviours. Data were analysed using Attride-Stirling's (2001) thematic network approach. Three thematic clusters emerged from the analysis. First, both parents and children perceived that weight was the primary indicator of health. However, parents focused on the negative physical implications of overweight while children focused on the negative social implications. Second, weight and lifestyle choices were highly moralised. Parents saw it as their responsibility to communicate to children the 'dangers' of fatness. Children reported that parents typically used negatively-framed messages and scare tactics rather than positively-framed messages to encourage healthy behaviours. Third was the perception among parents and children that if you were thin, then eating habits and exercise were less important, and that activity could provide an antidote to food choices. Results suggest that both parents and children are internalising messages relating to obesity and weight management that focus on personal responsibility and blame attribution. These views reflect the broader societal discourse, and their consolidation at the family level is likely to increase their potency and make them resistant to change.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2023
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2024
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 13-12-2020
Abstract: Reducing population intakes of sugar has become a focus of many national and international public health policies. Packaged foods and beverages are key contributors to sugar intakes, and food labels can be an effective tool to reduce sugar consumption. The aim of this systematic review was to examine the influence of sugar label formats on 2 outcomes: consumers’ understanding of sugar information, and the amount of sugar in consumers’ food choices. Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, CAB Abstracts, SciELO, and the Cochrane Library databases were searched up until February 4, 2020. Randomized experiments or quasi-experiments were included if they investigated the influence of sugar label formats on consumers’ understanding of sugar information or on the amount of sugar in consumers’ food choices. Data were extracted independently by 2 authors. Mean differences (MDs), standardized mean differences (SMDs), and odds ratios (ORs) plus 95%CIs were used to describe between-group differences for intervention label formats using random-effects models. Twenty-three studies, which examined 39 comparisons, were included. Label formats using “high in sugar” interpretative texts (traffic light labels [MD 41.6 95%CI 37.9–45.4] and warning signs [OR 1.33 95%CI 1.0–1.78]) were most effective in increasing consumers’ understanding of the sugar content in packaged foods. Health warning messages (SMD −0.32 95%CI −0.43 to −0.22), graphical depictions of sugar content in teaspoons (SMD −0.32 95%CI −0.48 to −0.17), and warning signs (SMD −0.24 95%CI −0.35 to −0.13) were most effective for influencing consumers to choose products with lower sugar content. Formats that provide an interpretation of sugar information, particularly those indicating if a product is high in sugar, were more helpful than only numerical information for improving consumer understanding and promoting food choices with less sugar. PROSPERO registration number CRD42018081222.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 30-08-2018
Abstract: The advent of autonomous vehicles is forecast to bring enormous changes to the workplace as positions primarily involving driving become progressively redundant. Little is known about public awareness of these impending changes and the potential impacts on society and in iduals. This study involved a national survey of Australians and interviews with key stakeholders across multiple countries to identify major potential issues associated with vehicle automation, including in and around the workplace. Most survey respondents had concerns relating to job losses in driving occupations, while almost half anticipated increased employment in technology-related areas. Three primary themes were evident in the data from the stakeholder interviews: (1) the inevitability of the universal use of AVs and hence the immediate need for labour market planning, (2) associated potential effects on occupations that are not primarily structured around driving, and (3) the possibility of increased worker safety and enhanced commuting opportunities.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-2018
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 08-2023
Abstract: In response to rapid and substantial increases in rates of e-cigarette use among young people, Australia’s Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) made changes to the regulations governing nicotine vaping products. As part of the regulatory change process, Australians were invited to comment on the proposed regulations, which featured the introduction of a prescription model for nicotine vaping products. To inform strategies to enhance compliance with the tightened regulations, this study examined submissions made by self-reported e-cigarette users to the TGA’s public consultation (n = 1405). A content analysis was conducted to identify and quantify key arguments. Claims about possible negative consequences associated with the regulations (e.g. people will return to smoking, inconvenience) featured in most submissions (84%). Around half (55%) of submissions mentioned perceived benefits of e-cigarettes, including favourable health outcomes (e.g. improved breathing) and enhanced tobacco cessation. Around half (52%) featured concerns about inconsistency in treatment and the argument that e-cigarettes should not be restricted when more harmful tobacco products are readily available. Alternative approaches to a prescription model were offered in nearly one-third (31%) of submissions. One-quarter (26%) included text provided by an industry-led astroturfing c aign. The arguments made in the analysed submissions suggest a lack of appreciation of (i) the negative health outcomes associated with e-cigarette use and (ii) evidence linking these devices to smoking relapse. Results highlight the need for targeted health c aigns that address (i) gaps in consumers’ knowledge and (ii) vaping-related misinformation being promulgated by the industry and its allies.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 26-06-2014
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 23-02-2017
DOI: 10.1111/DAR.12466
Abstract: Efforts to reduce excessive alcohol consumption need to take into account drinkers' perceptions of their risk of alcohol-related harm. The aim of the present study was to profile adult Australian drinkers according to their self-identification with various drinker prototypes to determine the extent to which these prototypes are associated with perceived and actual risk of alcohol-related harm. A large web panel provider disseminated an online survey to a national s le of 2168 drinkers aged 18+ years who consumed alcohol at least twice per month. Respondents reported whether they considered themselves to be a light, occasional, social, heavy or binge drinker. The nominated category was compared with perceived and actual risk of alcohol-related harm. The prototype most commonly nominated by respondents was 'social drinker' (45%), and the least common was 'binge drinker' (7%). Although the heaviest drinkers in terms of actual reported consumption typically selected prototypes indicative of harmful consumption, many of those selecting prototypes indicative of moderate consumption were at risk of alcohol-related harm. Many adult drinkers may be unaware of their risk of alcohol-related harm. The results suggest that there may be a need to recalibrate Australian drinkers' perceptions of high-risk drinking. [Pettigrew S, Jongenelis MI, Pratt IS, Slevin T, Chikritzhs T. Drinkers' identification with varying alcohol consumption prototypes. Drug Alcohol Rev 2017 :464-467].
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 22-06-2022
DOI: 10.1186/S12889-022-13648-1
Abstract: Several jurisdictions have introduced nutrient warning front of pack (FoP) labels in an effort to curb consumption of ultra-processed foods and beverages high in free sugars (sugars added to foods and beverages, and sugars naturally present in honey, syrups, fruit juices and fruit juice concentrates). This study aimed to explore consumer understanding and perceptions of FoP warning labels that convey different nutritional and health information messages regarding the consumption of sugary drinks. Sixteen focus groups were held with 4–8 young adults per group (aged 18–24 n = 105 participants in total) stratified by education level, location (rural centres, large cities) and gender (males, females) to ensure ersity. Labels shown to participants during group discussions included text warning labels of health effects, exercise equivalents, calorie/kilojoule information and sugar content as a “high in” label and as teaspoons (text and pictograms). Thematic analysis was undertaken. Four themes were identified related to participants’ perceived effectiveness of labels: the extent to which labels were perceived to be useful, relevant and credible the extent to which a label elicited shock or disgust (perceived aversiveness) the extent to which the label message was resistant to self-exemption and participants’ perceived potential of the label to reduce purchasing and consumption behaviour. Across all four themes, labels communicating the number of teaspoons of sugar in a sugary drink (whether by text or pictogram) were perceived as the most impactful, resistant to self-exemption and to have the greatest potential to reduce consumption, with enhanced reactions to the pictogram label. Labels depicting health effects, exercise equivalents, calorie/kilojoule information or a general ‘high in sugar’ warning were perceived by consumers to be less effective in one or more themes. Labels conveying the amount of sugar in a beverage in teaspoons were perceived as highly factual, relatable and interpretable, and as having the greatest potential to impact consumption attitudes and intentions. Further quantitative studies are required to compare the potential effectiveness of the teaspoons of sugar labels in reducing purchasing and consumption behaviour than other alternative warning labels, such as health effects or “high in” sugar labels.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2022
Abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the nature and consequences of student vaping in Australian primary and secondary schools by consulting staff working in these settings. A national s le of 196 school staff was accessed via a web panel provider and administered an online survey about students' e-cigarette use. Three-quarters of the survey respondents were teachers/teacher aides, with the remainder ided between those in other student-facing roles and office staff. A majority (78%) of respondents expressed concern about current levels of vaping in schools. Around half reported negative outcomes relating to mental well-being, social eer interactions, and school performance. Only one-third of respondents reported a vaping policy (35%) or vaping-prevention education (31%) being in place at their schools. E-cigarette use in schools is an area of concern for school staff, yet relevant policies and education programs appear to be lacking. Schools represent a key context for encouraging health promoting behaviours and discouraging harmful behaviours, including vaping. These results highlight the need to monitor and address student e-cigarette use in schools and provide staff with greater support to prevent the negative consequences associated with vaping by children at school and beyond.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-2003
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 23-05-2019
DOI: 10.3390/NU11051158
Abstract: Nutrition labelling can influence consumers’ assessments of food healthiness and their food choices. However, there is a lack of consensus about the optimal type and amount of nutrition information to provide on food packages. This study analysed consumers’ preferences for front-of-pack information relating to energy and various nutrients (sugar, saturated fat, sodium, fibre, carbohydrate, and protein). The aim was to identify discrete preference segments within the Australian market where the current Health Star Rating front-of-pack labelling system can be displayed with different levels of nutrition information. Adults (n = 1558) completed a survey assessing socio-demographics, self-reported nutrition knowledge, diet healthiness, special dietary requirements, and perceived importance of the provision of energy and nutrient information on the front of food packs. Latent profile analysis identified five consumer segments within the s le that ranged from groups exhibiting high levels of interest in various forms of nutrition information to one with very low interest and one with ergent scores according to whether nutrients were perceived as positive or negative for health. The results indicate that different forms of front-of-pack labelling featuring varying degrees of information about energy and specific nutrients are likely to be of interest and use to different market segments.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.BODYIM.2016.09.003
Abstract: Evidence suggests that the sexualization of girls has increased and become more explicit in recent years. However, most of the research conducted to date has focused on sexualization in adults. To address this research gap, this study explored how young Australian girls respond to and describe sexualized and non-sexualized depictions of their peers. Results from 42 girls aged 6-11 years revealed that sexualization was a perceptually salient attribute, with participants readily classifying sexualized girls as a subgroup. Participants also made distinct trait attributions based on the differences between sexualized and non-sexualized girls. The results suggest that young girls respond differently to sexualized and non-sexualized depictions of their peers and are beginning to develop stereotypes based on these depictions. As such, the implementation of media literacy programs in adolescence may be too late and efforts may be required to address this issue among younger children.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 26-02-2021
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-2019
DOI: 10.1007/S11121-019-00993-8
Abstract: Poly drug use in adolescents represents a significant public health issue, heightening risk for abuse, dependency, and a variety of short- and long-term psychological, psychosocial, and health consequences. However, past studies have typically examined just one or two substances in isolation and there is a lack of research that has comprehensively examined possible predictors of poly drug use in adolescents. To inform the development of comprehensive prevention programs that can simultaneously target multiple substances, the present study sought to identify psychological, environmental, and demographic factors that are most strongly associated with alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis poly drug use. Adolescents aged 15 to 17 years (n = 1661 50.9% male) completed a survey on their use of alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis over the last 30 days. Various psychological, environmental, and demographic factors were also assessed. Weighted multiple-level logistic regression was conducted to assess the factors associated with poly drug use. In total, 20.3% of respondents had used at least one substance, 6.7% reported using two substances, and 3.3% reported using all three substances. The most common combined pattern of use was alcohol and tobacco, followed by alcohol and cannabis. Several factors emerged as significant, with conduct problems, depression, and the school environment accounting for the most variance. Specific psychological and environmental factors appear to be particularly important domains to target in adolescent substance use prevention programs. Early identification of adolescent depression and conduct problems and the development of programs that address these symptoms in youth may be effective approaches to delaying or preventing poly drug use in this population.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2023
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-08-2014
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.DRUGPO.2019.06.017
Abstract: Calls have been made to relax current Australian regulations related to e-cigarettes to increase the accessibility of the devices for smoking cessation purposes. However, e-cigarettes have been found to increase risk of initiation of conventional cigarette smoking, especially among young adults. To assist in guiding the development of policy in Australia, the present study examined whether e-cigarette use among Australian young adults who have never smoked a tobacco cigarette is associated with susceptibility to future tobacco cigarette use. An online web panel provider recruited 519 never smokers aged 18-25 years (55% female average age = 21.21 years, SD = 2.32). Respondents completed an online survey that assessed their curiosity about tobacco smoking, willingness and intentions to smoke, and a number of in idual and social factors. Cross-sectional regression analyses were conducted to assess the association between e-cigarette use and susceptibility to tobacco cigarette use while controlling for multiple covariates. Curiosity about tobacco smoking, willingness to smoke, and intentions to smoke were significantly higher among users of e-cigarettes than never users. The relationship between e-cigarette use and susceptibility to future tobacco cigarette use remained significant after controlling for numerous covariates. E-cigarette use, even just one or two puffs, has the potential to increase susceptibility to tobacco cigarette use among Australian young adults. Findings suggest that increasing the availability of e-cigarettes by relaxing current strict regulations surrounding their sale may have unintended consequences.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2018
DOI: 10.1093/AJCN/NQY248
Abstract: As a public health intervention, front-of-pack labels (FoPLs) have the potential to reach large numbers of consumers and promote healthier food choices. Of the different FoPLs, those that summarize a product's overall nutritional profile tend to be most effective in guiding healthier choices. However, information is lacking as to whether FoPLs are as effective when nutrient or health claims also appear on-pack. The aim of this study was to examine how the choice of foods of varying levels of healthfulness (less healthy, moderately healthy, and healthier) is affected by the appearance of various FoPLs (Daily Intake Guide, Multiple Traffic Lights, Health Star Rating) when shown in combination with different claim conditions (no claim, nutrient claim, general-level health claim, and higher-level health claim). Adults and children (n = 2069) completed a discrete-choice experiment online. Respondents were shown 8 choice sets, each containing 4 alternatives of the same food type (cookies, cornflakes, pizza, or yogurt) of varying levels of healthfulness and were asked which product they would likely purchase (or they could select none). Respondents were randomly assigned to view 1 of the 3 FoPLs across all choice sets. Claim type and healthfulness varied within choice sets in accordance with a D-efficient design. The probability of choosing a healthy product and avoiding an unhealthy product was greatest when only an FoPL (especially the Health Star Rating) appeared on-pack. The addition of a nutrient or health claim did not affect the likelihood of picking healthier products but did increase the likelihood of selecting less healthy foods across all FoPL conditions. FoPLs are most effective in helping consumers make better food choices when nutrient and health claims are not present. Policies are required to control how nutrient and health claims are applied to less healthy foods. This trial was registered as ACTRN12617000015347 (www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Resgistration/TrialReview.aspx?id=372055&isReview=true).
Publisher: Brill
Date: 15-11-2008
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 10-02-2023
Abstract: Food policy is important to promote healthy and sustainable diets. However, who is responsible for developing and implementing food policy remains contentious. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate how the public attributes responsibility for food policy to governments, in iduals and the private sector. A total of 7559 respondents from seven countries [Australia (n = 1033), Canada (n = 1079), China (n = 1099), India (n = 1086), New Zealand (n = 1090), the UK (n = 1079) and the USA (n = 1093)] completed an online survey assessing perceived responsibility for 11 recommended food policies. Overall, preferred responsibility for the assessed food policies was primarily attributed to governments (62%), followed by the private sector (49%) and in iduals (31%). Respondents from New Zealand expressed the highest support for government responsibility (70%) and those from the USA the lowest (50%). Respondents from the USA and India were most likely to nominate in iduals as responsible (both 37%), while those from China were least likely (23%). The private sector had the highest attributed responsibility in New Zealand (55%) and the lowest in China and the USA (both 47%). Support for government responsibility declined with age and was higher among those on higher incomes, with a university degree, and who perceived themselves to consume a healthy diet or be in poor health. Across seven erse countries, results indicate the public considers government should take primary responsibility for the assessed food policies, with modest contribution from the private sector and minority support for in idual responsibility.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.APPET.2018.01.023
Abstract: Nutrition interventions that target both fruits and vegetables are effective in increasing fruit consumption, but have been limited in their ability to improve vegetable intake. To address the low proportion of children meeting vegetable intake guidelines, approaches specifically targeting vegetables are needed. This paper reports on a mixed-method analysis of a 10-week vegetable promotion pilot project that aimed to increase vegetable intake as part of the existing Crunch&Sip in-class fruit and vegetable break program. The intervention was designed to promote vegetable consumption through the implementation of vegetable-focused resources, including curriculum resources and parent education materials. Teachers completed pre- and end-of-intervention surveys. Process measures related to the use of resources and teachers' perceptions of barriers to implementation. The outcome evaluation included measures of children's vegetable consumption during Crunch&Sip breaks and teachers' attitudes and confidence relating to educating students about the benefits of consuming vegetables. Twenty-one Western Australian primary schools already participating in the Crunch&Sip program participated in the pilot intervention and evaluation. Coverage included 35 primary school teachers representing 818 students aged 4-11 years. The proportion of children bringing vegetables for Crunch&Sip more than doubled over the 10-week intervention (21% vs 46% p < 0.001). Improvements were observed in teachers' perceived knowledge about the nutritional benefits of vegetables (p = 0.001) and confidence to educate students about the benefits of vegetable consumption (p = 0.028). Preferentially promoting vegetable consumption as part of an existing school-based nutrition program may be an effective strategy to increase children's vegetable intake.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 15-06-2012
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.DRUGPO.2019.09.007
Abstract: Arguments both for and against the legalization of cannabis often include the issue of youth protection. At the time of writing 5-years after the implementation of the Coloradan recreational cannabis market (CRCM), no statistically significant increase in consumption had been identified. This paper aimed to provide a thick descriptive account of youth prevention objectives stipulated in the pre-implementation phase of the CRCM and compare these with the real-world experience of regulators and other stakeholders involved with market implementation. A qualitative descriptive methodology was used that involved the following methods: document analysis, deductive coding, thematic analysis, and thick description. Two data sets relevant to youth protection in the context of a legal cannabis market in Colorado were examined. Data set 1 (DS1) examined government documents (n = 13) related to the pre-implementation phase from November 2012 - December 2013. Data set 2 (DS2) consisted of semi-structured face-to-face interviews conducted with key stakeholders (n = 32) in 2016 and 2017. Five themes emerged including advertising restrictions (DS1), education (DS1), appropriation of funds (DS2), impact assessment (DS2), and evolving messages in prevention education c aigns (DS2). Multiple lessons for other jurisdictions were highlighted in the study.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2022
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2022
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 07-01-2013
Abstract: This study identified predictors of parents' and school principals' perceptions of the impact of a Western Australian school food policy. An initial qualitative phase involving focus groups with parents and interviews with school principals, teachers, canteen managers and Parents & Citizens Committee members provided general feedback on the policy and identified various factors that appeared to be related to its successful implementation. In the following quantitative phase of the study, 1200 parents responded to a telephone questionnaire and 310 principals responded to an internet-based questionnaire. The primary outcome variables were, respectively, the extent to which parents reported that their children's diets were healthier as a result of the policy, and the extent to which principals reported that their schools complied with the policy. Logistic regression models were generated for the parent and principal s les. Those parents reporting that their children's diets were healthier were more likely to agree that the policy reflected their beliefs and their children's dietary needs and preferences, that their child talked about the traffic light food classification system and that this system influenced their food choices in the supermarket. Those principals reporting full compliance with the policy were more likely to agree that implementing the policy was not overly difficult. Specific factors facilitating school compliance were canteen manager training and conducive kitchen setup. Provision of appropriate information and training prior to implementation may assist schools in implementing new food policies, thereby enhancing their impact beyond the school environment.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-03-2023
DOI: 10.1007/S12529-023-10165-2
Abstract: Understanding health behaviour changes during the COVID-19 pandemic can assist in developing strategies to promote healthy lifestyles at such times. The aim of this exploratory study was to examine whether the frequency of consuming unhealthy foods and beverages changed during lockdown and whether certain population subgroups were more likely to make such changes. An online survey was administered to a national s le of 4022 Australian adults (51% female, mean age 48 years). Generalised linear models with generalised estimating equations were used to identify whether demographic characteristics (age, gender, education, presence of children in the household, number of people in the household) and beliefs related to COVID-19 were associated with changes in the frequency of consuming alcohol, sweet snacks, salty snacks, and sugary beverages from pre to during lockdown. Overall, the frequency of consuming the four assessed unhealthy products did not change during lockdown. However, being male and having children at home were consistently associated with unhealthy changes, whereas believing that alcohol or unhealthy diets would exacerbate COVID-19 severity was linked to a decreased frequency of consuming these products respectively. Age, education, and living with more people were also associated with changes in the frequency of consuming some product categories. During lockdown, certain population subgroups appeared to be at increased risk of more frequent consumption of unhealthy foods and beverages. Believing certain consumption habits are linked to adverse health impacts of COVID was found to reduce frequency of consumption of related products, presenting a potential focus for future public health actions.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-01-2017
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 23-11-2009
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 08-2019
DOI: 10.1080/08959420.2018.1500860
Abstract: Autonomous vehicles (AVs) have the potential to improve the health and well-being of older people. This exploratory study involved in-depth interviews with 43 key stakeholders across a broad range of sectors to identify the primary policy implications of AVs for aging populations. Four main issues were evident: a general lack of salience of the needs of older people in the AV discourse, the perceived dominance of the commercial drivers of AV technology, the implications of the particular characteristics of the senior segment, and a lack of available analyses to guide decision making. Threats and opportunities represented by these issues are discussed.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 19-06-2012
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2018
Abstract: To assess preferences for e-cigarettes containing nicotine and flavourings among Australian young adult e-cigarette users. An online survey was administered to 1,116 young adults (18-25 years), 104 of whom had used an e-cigarette in the last 30 days and were the focus of this study. Among users, 53% also smoked tobacco cigarettes, 27% were non-smokers and 20% had never smoked. Nearly two-thirds (64%) of e-cigarette users preferred nicotine-containing e-cigarettes (71% of smokers, 56% of non-smokers, 55% of never smokers). The vast majority (89%) preferred flavoured e-cigarettes (92% of smokers, 82% of non-smokers, 95% of never smokers), with fruit flavours the most popular. E-cigarettes containing nicotine and flavourings were popular among users of these devices in this s le of young adults. Implications for public health: Previous research has documented potential harms associated with e-liquid additives, flavourings, and nicotine. The present results showing strong preferences for nicotine and flavourings among the s led e-cigarette users suggest that: i) flavourings in e-liquids should be regulated and ii) existing prohibitions on the unauthorised supply of liquid nicotine should be better enforced. Population-wide monitoring of the use of e-cigarettes with different product characteristics is also warranted.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 11-05-2011
Publisher: Springer Singapore
Date: 2016
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 04-2017
Abstract: Regular participation in resistance training is important for older people to maintain their health and independence, yet participation rates are low. The study aimed to identify motivators and barriers to older people participating in resistance training. A systematic review was conducted including quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-method studies. Searches generated 15,920 citations from six databases, with 14 studies ( n = 1,937 participants) included. In total, 92 motivators and 24 barriers were identified. Motivators specific to participating in resistance training included preventing deterioration (disability), reducing risk of falls, building (toning) muscles, feeling more alert, and better concentration. Looking too muscular and thinking participation increased the risk of having a heart attack, stroke, or death, despite the minimal likelihood of these occurring, were barriers. The analysis indicates that increasing participation in resistance training among older people should focus on the specific benefits valued by older people and the dissemination of accurate information to counter misperceptions.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2020
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-01-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2023
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 18-10-2018
DOI: 10.3390/NU10101542
Abstract: Front-of-Package labels (FoPLs) are efficient tools for increasing consumers’ awareness of foods’ nutritional quality and encouraging healthier choices. A label’s design is likely to influence its effectiveness however, few studies have compared the ability of different FoPLs to facilitate a consumer understanding of foods’ nutritional quality, especially across sociocultural contexts. This study aimed to assess consumers’ ability to understand five FoPLs [Health Star Rating system (HSR), Multiple Traffic Lights (MTL), Nutri-Score, Reference Intakes (RIs), and Warning symbol] in 12 different countries. In 2018, approximately 1000 participants per country were recruited and asked to rank three sets of label-free products (one set of three pizzas, one set of three cakes, and one set of three breakfast cereals) according to their nutritional quality, via an online survey. Participants were subsequently randomised to one of five FoPL conditions and were again asked to rank the same sets of products, this time with a FoPL displayed on pack. Changes in a participants’ ability to correctly rank products across the two tasks were assessed by FoPL using ordinal logistic regression. In all 12 countries and for all three food categories, the Nutri-Score performed best, followed by the MTL, HSR, Warning symbol, and RIs.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-2017
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 24-01-2018
DOI: 10.1017/S1368980017003962
Abstract: To assess (i) the extent to which stakeholders have accepted and implemented a Healthy Food and Drink Policy for schools a decade after its introduction and (ii) any resulting implications for canteen profitability. Online survey distributed via electronic newsletter to school principals. Western Australian public schools. Principals, teachers, canteen managers, and parents and citizens committee presidents ( n 307). Large majorities of respondents reported that the policy has made the foods and drinks provided in schools healthier (85 %) and that the policy constitutes a good opportunity to teach children about healthy eating (90 %). Only small proportions of respondents felt it had been difficult to implement the policy in their schools (13 %) or that the policy fails to accommodate parents’ rights to choose the foods consumed by their children (16 %). Most of the policy outcomes assessed in both the initial post-implementation evaluation (2008) and the 10-year follow-up evaluation (2016) demonstrated significant improvement over time. The study results indicate that comprehensive school food policies can favourably influence the foods and drinks provided on school premises and can be highly acceptable to key stakeholders, without adversely affecting profitability. The results are encouraging for policy makers in other jurisdictions considering the implementation of similar policies.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2023
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2014
Abstract: To assess the relative cost-effectiveness of various non-television advertising media in encouraging 25-39 year-old male smokers to respond to a cessation-related call to action. Information about how new electronic media compare in effectiveness is important to inform the implementation of future tobacco control media c aigns. Two testimonial advertisements featuring members of the target group were developed for radio, press and online media. Multiple waves of media activity were scheduled over a period of seven weeks, including an initial integrated period that included all three media and subsequent single media phases that were interspersed with a week of no media activity. The resulting Quit website hits, Quitline telephone calls, and registrations to online and telephone counselling services were compared to advertising costs to determine the relative cost-effectiveness of each media in isolation and the integrated approach. The online-only c aign phase was substantially more cost-effective than the other phases, including the integrated approach. This finding is contrary to the current assumption that the use of a consistent message across multiple media simultaneously is the most cost-effective way of reaching and affecting target audiences. Online advertising may be a highly cost-effective channel for low-budget tobacco control media c aigns.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-2019
DOI: 10.1111/DAR.12963
Abstract: A growing body of evidence suggests e-cigarette use increases the risk of conventional cigarette use. Assessing the factors associated with intentions to use e-cigarettes can inform programs designed to minimise uptake, potentially assisting in preventing a new population of smokers. This study developed and tested a model assessing the importance of various factors that may be associated with intentions to use e-cigarettes among young adults who have never used e-cigarettes or tobacco cigarettes. A web-panel provider recruited 429 Australian 18- to 25-year-olds who had never used e-cigarettes or smoked tobacco cigarettes (56% female, mean age = 21.17 years). Various in idual and social factors were assessed as potential direct and indirect predictors of e-cigarette use intentions. The developed model provided an excellent fit to the data and accounted for 49% of the variance in use intentions. Males had greater intentions to use e-cigarettes compared to females (β = -0.13). Having a greater number of friends who smoke tobacco cigarettes (β = 0.11) and curiosity about e-cigarette use (β = 0.58) were also directly associated with greater use intentions. Positive expectancies about e-cigarettes (β = 0.14), having family members who use e-cigarettes (β = 0.11), and having friends who smoke tobacco cigarettes (β = 0.07) were indirectly associated with intentions via curiosity. Curiosity about e-cigarette use was strongly associated with use intentions. Aspects of the social environment were also important. Further research is needed to identify effective means of challenging positive e-cigarette expectancies given these were found to be strongly associated with intentions via curiosity.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 24-09-2019
DOI: 10.1002/HPJA.202
Abstract: Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) continue to grow in popularity, particularly among young adults. Understanding by whom various ENDS are being used and why within this population segment can assist the development of appropriate interventions targeting those most vulnerable to use and inform policy decisions in this area. Accordingly, this study assessed the demographic characteristics associated with ENDS use among Australian young adults, and reasons for current e-cigarette use. An online survey was administered to 1116 Australians aged 18-25 years (59% female). Smokers were more likely than non-smokers to report (a) ever use of ENDS (67% vs 28%), (b) ever use of an e-cigarette (64% vs 24%), e-cigar (17% vs 8%) or e-hookah (15% vs 8%) and (c) current use of e-cigarettes (19% vs 6%). Male smokers were more likely than female smokers to be current e-cigarette users. The most common reason for current e-cigarette use was enjoyment. Young male adults appear to be particularly vulnerable to becoming regular e-cigarette users. This demographic group may need to be a primary focus of prevention and intervention efforts. Contrary to popular belief, smoking cessation was not a primary reason for e-cigarette use. SO WHAT?: Greater efforts are needed to educate young adults on the harms associated with ENDS use, especially if use is being driven by the perception that they are a harmless means of amusement. Maintaining existing regulations limiting the accessibility of these products is crucial to ensuring widespread use is minimised.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 24-11-2017
DOI: 10.3390/NU9121284
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 27-02-2020
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 04-2006
DOI: 10.1108/13522750610658810
Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between wine drinkers' product involvement and their engagement with wine quality. It examined particularly how they conceptualise quality, how they evaluate it, and the dimensions of quality they focus on. The study used focus groups (including wine tasting as a stimulus) and in idual interviews to elicit data. Wine drinkers across Australia were informants for the study. There appears to be a relationship between involvement level and how wine quality is perceived. Higher‐involvement drinkers seemed more inclined to conceptualise wine quality as objective whereas lower‐involvement consumers tended to see it as subjective. Lower‐involvement informants often focused more on sensory dimensions of wine quality (like flavour or smoothness), while high‐involvement drinkers used more cognitive dimensions such as interest or complexity. Further, there appears to be evidence for a group of medium‐involvement consumers, with some distinct characteristics. The research suggests that consumers' understanding of wine quality is substantially dependent on their involvement level. This finding is tentative as the study used only qualitative methods in a single Anglophone country. Nevertheless, there are suggestions that the approach which consumers use to evaluate quality varies depending on involvement level and that consumption behaviour is substantially different. These issues warrant further investigation. The paper synthesises two aspects of marketing research the understanding of quality and the concept of involvement.
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 31-07-2018
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 19-09-2022
DOI: 10.1186/S12889-022-14159-9
Abstract: Alcohol is a discretionary, energy dense, dietary component. Compared to non-drinkers, people who consume alcohol report higher total energy intake and may be at increased risk of weight gain, overweight, and obesity, which are key preventable risk factors for illness. However, accurate consumer knowledge of the energy content in alcohol is low. To inform future behaviour change interventions among drinkers, this study investigated in idual characteristics associated with changing alcohol consumption due to energy-related concerns. An online survey was undertaken with 801 Australian adult drinkers (18–59 years, 50.2% female), i.e. who consumed alcohol at least monthly. In addition to demographic and health-related characteristics, participants reported past-year alcohol consumption, past-year reductions in alcohol consumption, frequency of harm minimisation strategy use (when consuming alcohol), and frequency of changing alcohol consumption behaviours because of energy-related concerns. When prompted, 62.5% of participants reported changing alcohol consumption for energy-related reasons at least ‘sometimes’. Women, those aged 30–44 years, metropolitan residents, those with household income $80,001–120,000, and risky/more frequent drinkers had increased odds of changing consumption because of energy-related concerns, and unemployed respondents had reduced odds. Results indicate that some sociodemographic groups are changing alcohol consumption for energy-related reasons, but others are not, representing an underutilised opportunity for health promotion communication. Further research should investigate whether messaging to increase awareness of alcohol energy content, including through systems-based policy actions such as nutritional/energy product labelling, would motivate reduced consumption across a broader range of drinkers.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-2013
DOI: 10.1071/HE12926
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 21-01-2021
DOI: 10.1017/S1368980021000239
Abstract: There are numerous health effects associated with excess sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption. Interventions aimed at reducing population-level consumption require understanding of the relevant barriers and facilitators. This study aimed to identify the variables with the strongest relationship with intentions to reduce SSB consumption from a suite of variables derived from the literature. Random-digit dialling of landline and mobile phones was used to survey adults using computer-assisted telephone interviews. The outcome variable was ‘likelihood of reducing SSB consumption in next 6 months’, and the predictor variables were demographics, SSB attitudes and behaviour, health risk perceptions and social/environmental exposure. Australia. A subs le of 1630 regular SSB consumers from a nationally representative s le of 3430 Australian adults (38 % female, 51 % aged 18–45 years, 56 % overweight or obese). Respondents indicated that they were ‘not at all’ (30·1 %), ‘somewhat’ (43·9 %) and ‘very likely’ (25·3 %) to reduce SSB consumption. Multivariate nominal logistic regressions showed that perceiving future health to be ‘very much’ at risk was the strongest predictor of intention to reduce SSB consumption (OR = 8·1, 95 % CI 1·8, 37·0, P 0·01). Other significant predictors ( P 0·01) included self-perceptions about too much consumption, habitual consumption, difficulty reducing consumption and likelihood of benefitting from reduced consumption. Health risk perceptions had the strongest relationship with intentions to reduce consumption. Age and consumption perceptions were also predictors in the multivariate models, whereas social/environmental exposure variables were not. Interventions may seek to incorporate strategies to denormalise consumption practices and increase knowledge about perceived susceptibility to health risks.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 04-2011
DOI: 10.1509/JPPM.30.1.5
Abstract: The authors propose a restructuring of the “food as health” paradigm to “food as well-being.” This requires shifting from an emphasis on restraint and restrictions to a more positive, holistic understanding of the role of food in overall well-being. The authors propose the concept of food well-being (FWB), defined as a positive psychological, physical, emotional, and social relationship with food at both in idual and societal levels. The authors define and explain the five primary domains of FWB: food socialization, food literacy, food marketing, food availability, and food policy. The FWB framework employs a richer definition of food and highlights the need for research that bridges other disciplines and paradigms outside and within marketing. Further research should develop and refine the understanding of each domain with the ultimate goal of moving the field toward this embodiment of food as well-being.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2020
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 06-2002
DOI: 10.1108/13522750210423814
Abstract: This study applied the grounded theory method of data collection and analysis to the social phenomenon of beer consumption in Australia. The aim was to explore a popular Australian consumption activity to provide an insight into the consumption process in general, and the consumption of beer in particular. The output is a substantive theory of beer consumption that describes the specific cognitive and emotional processes involved in the selection and consumption of particular brands of beer amongst members of the Australian culture. Image management was found to be the core category pertaining to Australian beer consumption, with the associated properties being monitoring, analysing, and communicating. The implications of the category and properties for current consumer behaviour theories are outlined.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2023
DOI: 10.1016/J.ADDBEH.2022.107486
Abstract: Many governments are failing to systematically introduce evidence-based alcohol control policies, and debate continues around issues of market freedom and personal responsibility. The aim of this international study was to assess the extent to which the public considers a range of alcohol control policies to be the responsibility of three different categories of actors: government, the private sector, and in iduals. Around 1000 respondents from seven countries (Australia, Canada, China, India, New Zealand, the UK, and the US n = 7559) completed an online survey assessing demographic characteristics, alcohol consumption status, and perceived responsibility for four alcohol harm-reduction actions relating to alcohol availability, advertising, and public education c aigns. Across the total s le and all assessed actions, governments were selected as an appropriate actor in 66 % of instances, the private sector in 39 %, and in iduals in 28 %. Respondents from New Zealand were most likely to consider the actions to be government responsibility and respondents from the US the least. In relatively few instances (8 %), respondents considered the actions unworthy of attention by any actor. Across all seven countries, governments were considered to be the most appropriate actors to undertake actions relating to restricting alcohol availability, regulating alcohol advertising, and disseminating c aigns to educate the public about alcohol-related harm. The results indicate that the public may be receptive to greater intervention in these areas.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.APPET.2013.02.004
Abstract: In this article, the sensitisation method is introduced as an approach suited to investigating nutrition-related issues affecting disadvantaged families. Using a longitudinal design, sensitisation is a combination of self-introspection, memory work, observation, in idual interviews, and focus groups. The method was applied to child obesity as experienced in low socioeconomic families to generate information about parents' food provision attitudes and behaviours. Data were collected in Western Australia between May 2010 and May 2011. The outcome was a large quantity of data that provided deep insight into the food-related experiences of parents of overweight children. The growing awareness produced by the sensitisation process also resulted in reported behavioural change in many of the study participants, thus indicating that the method may effectively constitute an intervention in its own right.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 03-11-2018
Abstract: To assess whether exposing drinkers to information about the alcohol–cancer link via multiple and erse sources in an online simulation produces larger improvements in attitudes and intentions relative to exposure to a single source of information. Experimental unequal randomization with respondents allocated to either the single-source (20%) or multiple-source condition (80%). Alcohol-related behavioral intentions were assessed preexposure and postexposure. Australia. A total of 2087 drinkers consuming alcohol at least twice per month. Scales were used to assess attitudes toward the messages (believability, convincingness, and personal relevance) and behavioral intentions (extent to which participants believed that they should and would reduce their alcohol consumption and their intention to consume 5 or more drinks in a single session). Hierarchical linear regression. Source condition was significantly associated with all 3 attitudinal variables ( P .001). Those exposed to an alcohol warning statement from multiple sources found the message more believable, convincing, and personally relevant compared to those exposed to a warning statement via a single source. They also reported significantly greater change preexposure to postexposure on the 2 behavioral beliefs that they should (Δ M = 0.25 vs Δ M = 0.09) and would (Δ M = 0.23 vs Δ M = 0.00) reduce their current alcohol consumption ( P .001). Further, those in the multiple-source condition reported reduced intentions to consume 5 or more standard drinks in a single sitting (Δ M = 0.21 vs Δ M = 0.14 P .001). Findings from the online simulation provide support for the suggestion that integrated approaches involving the combination of multiple sources to deliver a message produce superior outcomes compared to relying on a single source (eg, warning labels on alcoholic beverages).
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 26-01-2015
Abstract: The growing costs to the community of excessive alcohol consumption have resulted in pressure for governments and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) to develop strategies to address this problem, but they do so in a highly constrained resource environment. To provide evidence of health education approaches that may be effective across multiple drinker segments, and hence be relevant to a large number of drinkers, this study investigated the alcohol-related issues that are most salient to adult drinkers at different life stages. Ten focus groups were conducted with 82 drinkers aged 18–65 years in Perth, Western Australia. Sixteen categories of concerns were identified that related to three main themes of social, health and logistical issues. The youngest drinkers nominated the largest number of issues and older drinkers the least, although there were certain issues, such as concerns relating to role modelling and product quality, that became of increasing relevance with age. Study findings provide insights for those seeking to develop strategies to address alcohol-related harm at the population level.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 15-09-2021
DOI: 10.1002/HPJA.410
Abstract: Exposure to alcohol advertising has been found to be associated with more positive attitudes toward alcohol and heavier drinking among youth. Appropriate regulation of alcohol advertising is thus crucial for reducing use among members of this population group. To assist policy makers in their alcohol control efforts, this study explored the scope of Australian alcohol advertising codes and the extent to which they address issues relating to youth exposure. Two researchers assessed 628 unique alcohol advertisements against youth‐related provisions of the Alcohol Advertising Review Board (AARB) Code and Alcohol Beverages Advertising Code (ABAC). A third researcher resolved discrepancies. The ads s led were those that had been the subject of formal complaints to the AARB. Most (94%) ads were assessed as violating at least one of the AARB Code provisions relating to youth, while 36% were found to violate at least one of the ABAC youth provisions. The most frequently violated AARB Code provision related to placement, with 88% of ads located in places or broadcast at times where young people were likely to be exposed. The most frequently violated ABAC provision related to appeal to minors (33%). Results indicate that self‐regulation is an ineffective means of protecting youth from alcohol advertising, with the ABAC failing to capture many ads featuring content that appeals to youth. Greater efforts are required to protect youth from alcohol advertising. Findings from the present study reinforce calls for mandatory, evidence‐based regulation that is administered independently of the alcohol industry. An analysis of 628 unique alcohol advertisements found that the vast majority were in violation of the AARB Code's youth‐related provisions whereas substantially fewer were in violation of the ABAC, supporting arguments that self‐regulation is an ineffective means of protecting youth from alcohol advertising.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 21-06-2012
DOI: 10.1093/HER/CYS076
Abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the extent to which parents and school-based stakeholders (principals, teachers, canteen managers and Parents & Citizen Committee presidents) are supportive of potential expansions to a new school food policy. Eight additional policy components elicited in preliminary focus groups with parents and 19 additional policy components elicited from interviews with school stakeholders (including the eight also elicited from parents) were presented to 1200 parents and 607 school stakeholders, respectively. Each of the 8 potential policy components presented to parents was supported by more than two-thirds of parents, and 13 of the 19 policy components presented to school stakeholders received support from around two-thirds or more of the school stakeholder respondents. For all eight common policy components, parents exhibited significantly higher levels of support than school stakeholders. This information is of value to policy makers in their deliberations relating to the appropriate nature and timing of school food policy modifications.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 02-08-2018
DOI: 10.1093/HER/CYY025
Abstract: Informing drinkers of the health risks associated with alcohol consumption via warning statements located on alcohol products can increase their capacity to make healthier choices. This study assessed whether exposing at-risk drinkers to warning statements relating to specific chronic diseases increases the extent to which alcohol is believed to be a risk factor for those diseases and influences consumption intentions. Australians drinking at levels associated with long-term risk of harm (n = 364 72% male) completed an online survey assessing their drinking habits, beliefs in the link between alcohol and various diseases and drinking intentions. Respondents were then exposed to one of five statements advising of the potential risks associated with alcohol consumption (either cancer, liver damage, diabetes, mental illness or heart disease). Beliefs and drinking intentions were reassessed. Significant increases in the extent to which alcohol was believed to be a risk factor for diabetes, heart disease, mental illness and cancer were found. With the exception of the liver damage and heart disease statements, exposure to each statement was associated with a significant reduction in consumption intentions. Warning statements advising of the specific chronic diseases associated with alcohol consumption can produce favourable changes in drinking intentions among at-risk drinkers.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 31-10-2011
Abstract: The present study investigated stakeholders’ reactions to the introduction of a traffic light food classification system in primary and secondary school canteens. Interviews and focus groups were conducted with stakeholders approximately 18 months after the introduction of the traffic light system, followed by telephone and web-based surveys. The context of the study was Western Australia, where a comprehensive healthy food policy was recently introduced in government schools. Stakeholder groups included parents, principals, teachers, canteen managers, and representatives of parents and citizens committees. Participants reported high levels of acceptance of the traffic light system and supported its extension to nutrition education programmes targeting children and parents. The results suggest that there is likely to be considerable support for an extension of the traffic light policy to the health curriculum in schools and into other food provision contexts.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2017
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Date: 2008
Publisher: Alcohol Research Documentation, Inc.
Date: 05-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2019
Abstract: Several studies have examined the characteristics of anti-smoking advertisements that are associated with quitting behaviour. Some studies use researchers or graduate students to code advertisement characteristics, while others recruit smokers or members of the general public. The aim of this study was to assist future c aign development by assessing whether anti-smoking advertisement characteristics are coded differently by smokers and 'experts' (in iduals with knowledge of health promotion, public health or advertising). A total of 49 smokers and 42 experts coded anti-smoking advertisements according to four key characteristics (emotional/cognitive approach, negative ositive tone, message frame, and main message) and the use of eight executional techniques. Chi-squared tests were used to measure differences in coding outcomes between smokers and experts. There were significant differences between smokers and experts in the coding of all key characteristics and four of the eight executional techniques. Compared with smokers, experts were more likely to perceive advertisements as negative in tone and as inducing fear. Smokers and experts perceived the characteristics of anti-smoking advertisements differently. Implications for public health: Differences between smokers and experts may need to be taken into account where studies use either of these groups to code advertisements for c aign development or evaluation purposes.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2023
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2020
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 31-10-2018
Abstract: Organisations may benefit from training ch ions to promote healthy workplace environments and initiatives. This study compared the perceived usefulness and relative effectiveness of an employee training course offered via online and face-to-face formats. In iduals who took part in the training course were assessed on their perceived competence and confidence to implement changes pre- and post-training. Repeated measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and a t-test were conducted to test for significant differences between pre- and post-training scores and/or mode of training, respectively. Although the face-to-face training course was rated as slightly more useful, there were no significant differences between the two modes of training for the other dependent variables, and both modes led to significantly greater perceived competence and confidence post-training. These findings demonstrate the potential benefits of training employees to implement changes in their workplaces.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 13-05-2014
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-08-2022
DOI: 10.1111/DAR.13359
Abstract: Zero‐alcohol beverages, classified as products containing ≤0.5% alcohol by volume, are becoming increasingly popular. These beverages may contribute to alcohol harm reduction efforts if drinkers switch to them from regular strength beverages. However, there is currently a lack of evidence to support a substitution hypothesis, particularly as alcohol companies frequently market zero‐alcohol beverages as drinks to consume in new locations, such as in the workplace, or by previously non‐drinking groups, such as pregnant women. Additionally, zero‐alcohol beverages are currently available for sale in supermarkets by all consumers, including minors. This is problematic as there is a lack of evidence around what impact consumption of zero‐alcohol beverages in youth might have on social norms and initiation of alcohol consumption. In this commentary, we explore the existing evidence on zero‐alcohol beverages and their impact on drinking behaviours, concluding that a current paucity of knowledge makes developing evidence‐based policy a challenge. As such, substantial research efforts are required to inform policies regulating the availability and marketing of zero‐alcohol beverages in Australia.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 25-07-2020
DOI: 10.1111/JCH.13947
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 08-02-2013
DOI: 10.1108/20426761311297216
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to discuss the role of parents and other adults in preventing and facilitating teen binge drinking. Teens' discussions on internet websites were accessed to examine their opinions of their alcohol‐related interactions with adults. The results show that in the context of a western society such as Australia, the role of adults in endorsing a culture of excessive alcohol consumption may be considerable. Social marketing c aigns are needed to sensitise adults to this situation and outline strategies that can be used by adults to reduce negative impacts and enhance their potential to reduce alcohol consumption among young people. Previous research into teenagers' alcohol consumption behaviours has focused on self‐reports obtained via surveys or focus groups. Such data collection processes are likely to be subject to considerable social desirability bias. The present study demonstrates that the internet can constitute a valuable alternative source of data relating to young people's engagement in unhealthy behaviours and the factors impacting their decisions to enact these behaviours.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 08-05-2020
DOI: 10.3390/NU12051346
Abstract: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Unhealthy diets are one of four main behavioral risk factors contributing to the majority of NCDs. To promote healthy eating and reduce dietary risks, the Australian Commonwealth Government established the Healthy Food Partnership (HFP). In 2018, the HFP consulted on proposed nutrient reformulation targets for 36 food categories to improve the overall quality of the food supply. This study assessed whether the proposed targets were feasible and appropriate. The HFP used a five-step approach to inform the proposed targets. We replicated and extended this approach using a different nutrient composition database (FoodSwitch). Products in FoodSwitch were mapped to the proposed HFP targets. The proportion of products meeting each target was calculated and the FoodSwitch data were compared with HFP data to determine whether the proposed target nutrient levels were appropriate or whether a more stringent target was feasible. Products from the FoodSwitch database (10,599) were mapped against the proposed HFP categories: 8434 products across 30 categories for sodium, 2875 products across seven categories for sugar, and 612 products across five categories for saturated fat. The analyses revealed that 14 of 30 proposed HFP targets for sodium, one of seven targets for sugar, and one of five targets for saturated fat were feasible and appropriate. For the remaining 26 reformulation targets, the results indicate that these target levels could be more stringent and alternative targets are proposed. The draft HFP targets are feasible but the majority are too conservative. If Australia is to meet its commitment to a 30 per cent reduction in the average population salt intake by 2025, these targets could be implemented as interim targets to be reached within two years. However, the opportunity exists to improve the food supply and strengthen the HFP’s population health impact by adopting more ambitious and incremental targets. Reformulation programs should be prioritized and closely monitored as part of a coordinated, multi-faceted national food and nutrition strategy.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 28-02-2012
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2022
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 08-01-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2019
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 23-05-2022
DOI: 10.3390/NU14102165
Abstract: As scientists working and publishing in the field of front-of-pack nutrition labelling (FOPNL) for many years, we have read with interest and concern the narrative review regarding their effectiveness by Muzzioli et al. [...]
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 25-01-2013
Abstract: To explore low socioeconomic parents’ beliefs in relation to children’s nutrition. A qualitative, longitudinal study over 12 months involving 37 low socioeconomic parents. Perth, Western Australia. Parents’ nutrition-related beliefs were explored via interviews, focus groups and self-introspections. All parents participating in the study had at least one overweight or obese child aged five to nine years. Seven beliefs that are inconsistent with the recommendations in the nutrition literature were common among the study participants: (1) treats are appropriate for daily consumption (2) food rewards are appropriate for encouraging good behaviour (3) overweight children will outgrow their weight problems (4) it is appropriate for children to regularly eat in front of the television (5) if children do not get the food they want they will refuse to eat so it is appropriate to give them any food they will eat (6) it can be difficult to get children to eat breakfast so it is appropriate to give them any food they will eat and (7) serving cordial is an appropriate way to encourage children to drink more fluids. The suboptimal beliefs that were identified among these low SES parents are likely to be contributing to their children’s overweight status and thus are in need of attention in child obesity interventions in general and parent education programmes in particular.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 02-04-2020
Abstract: Limited research has investigated the effect of housing type on older people’s physical activity, and the small amount of work to date has relied on self-reported activity levels. The aim of this study was to assess whether housing type is associated with objectively measured physical activity among community-dwelling older people. In total, 430 Australians aged 60 years and older completed a survey and wore an accelerometer for a week. Controlling for a range of confounding variables (age, gender, physical health, neighborhood walkability, and the density of open spaces in the local area), participants living in separate houses were found to engage in higher levels of activity compared with those living in retirement villages. In addition, those living in separate houses and apartments were significantly more likely to meet the physical activity guideline of 150+ min/week compared with those living in retirement villages.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2020
Abstract: Research demonstrates the superiority of highly interpretive front-of-pack nutrition labels. The aim of this study was to assess the potential to enhance the Health Star Rating (HSR) by increasing its 'interpretiveness' through the addition of colour and the exclusion of the nutrient icons. An online survey was administered to 1,033 Australian adults who were randomly allocated to one of four conditions: black and white (B&W) full HSR, colour full HSR, B&W star rating only, and colour star rating only. Each respondent viewed four packs of breakfast cereal of varying levels of healthiness as indicated by the displayed HSRs. Respondents nominated the product option they would prefer to buy and then the one they understood to be healthiest. Coloured HSR variations scored better than their B&W counterparts and the star-only versions scored better than the corresponding versions displaying nutrient icons. Overall, the coloured star-only HSR performed significantly better than the B&W full HSR for both choice and understanding. Increasing the interpretive nature of the HSR could enhance its effectiveness. Implications for public health: Policy makers should consider the evolution of the HSR towards a more interpretive presentation that includes colour and excludes the nutrient icons.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2020
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 30-04-2016
Publisher: Computers, Materials and Continua (Tech Science Press)
Date: 02-2009
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 17-01-2017
DOI: 10.1111/AJD.12433
Abstract: Almost all skin cancers are the result of overexposure to UV radiation and could be prevented by adhering to a number of simple behavioural guidelines to minimise exposure to the sun. The present study examined trends in sun-protection behaviour among adults living in Western Australia, a region with high levels of UV radiation. During five summers from 2008 to 2012, 2076 Western Australian adults participated in annual, cross-sectional telephone surveys that assessed how often they engaged in a range of sun-protection behaviour (seeking shade, staying inside and wearing a hat, protective clothing, sunscreen or sunglasses). Apart from an increase in sunscreen use and a consistently high use of sunglasses, most sun-protection behaviour remained stable at moderate levels during the 5-year period. Seeking shade, staying inside and wearing a hat were all practised at levels ranging between 'sometimes' and 'usually' on sunny days in summer during peak UV hours, with little to no variability across the survey years. Wearing protective clothing was the least frequent behaviour across all survey years and was significantly lower in the most recent survey year relative to baseline. Further efforts are required to encourage greater enactment of sun-protection behaviour, especially on the use of protective clothing and seeking shade during periods of high UV radiation.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2021
DOI: 10.1093/AJCN/NQAB054
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 12-2006
Abstract: This study investigated wine drinkers' perspectives on how product quality is conceptualized. The research was carried out because the dominant paradigm for quality within the marketing literature is perceived quality, and as such it is important to understand how consumers construct frameworks to understand quality and specifically whether they share this perception of the particular importance of the notion of perceived quality. Qualitative processes were used to obtain data from 60 informants. The findings indicate that consumers can adopt subjective or objective frameworks, with some also leaning towards relative and absolute quality positions. These conflicting frameworks are resolved by using an interactionist perspective, which allows quality to mediate the varying quality correlates noted in the marketing literature.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 09-01-2020
DOI: 10.1017/S1368980019003318
Abstract: To explore parents’ responses to sponsorship of children’s sport by unhealthy food brands and two alternative pro-health sponsorship options. Between-subjects online experiment with four sponsorship conditions: (i) non-food branding (control) (ii) unhealthy food branding (iii) healthier food branding (iv) public health nutrition c aign branding. Participants were shown a short video and a promotional flyer for a fictional junior sports programme, with sponsor content representing their assigned brand. Afterwards, participants were asked a series of questions assessing their brand awareness, brand attitudes and preference for food sponsor branded products. Australia. Australian parents ( n 1331) of children aged 6–9 years. Compared with the control condition, unhealthy food sponsorship promoted increased awareness, branded product preferences and favourable attitudes towards unhealthy food sponsor brands. Healthier food sponsorship promoted similar effects for healthier food sponsor brands, except there was no significant increase in positive attitudes towards these brands. Sponsorship by public health nutrition c aigns promoted more negative attitudes towards unhealthy food sponsor brands and increased preference for healthier food sponsor branded products. Overall, healthier food sponsors and public health c aign sponsors were perceived to have better programme–sponsor fit and to be more appropriate sponsors of children’s sport than unhealthy food sponsors. Restrictions on unhealthy food sponsorship of children’s sport are needed to prevent unhealthy food brands from exploiting junior sport sponsorship to enhance their appeal. Sponsorship of children’s sport by healthier food brands or public health nutrition c aigns could help promote healthier food choices among parents.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2023
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-04-2020
DOI: 10.1186/S13690-020-00404-3
Abstract: Front-of-pack nutrition labels (FoPLs) are increasingly implemented by governments internationally to support consumers to make healthier food choices. Although the Nutri-Score FOPL has officially been implemented in Belgium since April 2019, no study has been conducted before its implementation to compare the effectiveness of different FOPLs. The aim of this study was to compare food choices, objective understanding and perceptions of Belgian consumers in response to five different FOPLs, currently implemented in different countries internationally, namely the Health Star Ratings (HSR), the Multiple Traffic Lights (MTL), Nutri-Score, Guideline Daily Amounts (GDA), and Warning symbols. During the summer 2019, 1007 Belgian consumers were recruited and randomized to one of the five different FOPLs. Through an online questionnaire they were asked to choose one of three different foods within each of three categories (pizzas, cakes, breakfast cereals), as well as rank those same three foods according to nutritional quality, in the condition without as well as with FOPL. In addition, various questions were asked on their perceptions in relation to the FOPL they were exposed to. Perceptions of consumers were favorable for all FOPLs with no significant differences between the different FOPLs. There were no significant differences in food choices among the different FOPLs, but Nutri-Score performed best for ranking food products according to nutritional quality. While there were no significant differences among different FOPLs for food choices and perceptions, the Nutri-Score was the most effective FOPL in informing Belgian consumers of the nutritional quality of food products.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 16-06-2022
DOI: 10.1111/DAR.13503
Abstract: This study examined the extent to which industry and non‐industry actors draw from the same (vs. different) bodies of peer‐reviewed evidence in submissions to alcohol advertising policy consultations. Submissions ( n = 71) to two Australian public consultations about alcohol advertising policy were classified as submitted by industry or non‐industry actors. Details of cited journal articles were extracted. Articles were coded according to whether: (i) cited in industry and/or non‐industry actor submission/s (ii) findings were supported or contested by the submitter and (iii) the article was a systematic review. The most frequently cited first authors were identified. In total, 126 articles were cited in 45 industry actor submissions and 159 articles were cited in 26 non‐industry actor submissions. Only seven articles were cited by both groups. Authors cited most frequently by one actor group were rarely cited by the other group. The first author most cited by industry actors declared alcohol industry links in two articles. Industry actors cited three systematic reviews (and contested the findings) non‐industry actors cited (and supported) seven systematic reviews. There was a low degree of overlap in peer‐reviewed evidence cited by industry and non‐industry actors in submissions to Australian alcohol advertising policy consultations. Industry actors often omitted or contested high‐quality evidence. Industry actors placed greater emphasis on evidence published by one industry‐linked researcher than on evidence from systematic reviews and researchers with no apparent conflicts of interest. The findings raise questions about the suitability of industry actors to participate in evidence‐informed policymaking processes.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 24-07-2022
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 22-12-2019
DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2017.1416589
Abstract: Despite the documented importance of health optimism for enhancing health outcomes, very little work has been done to examine who experiences health optimism and under what conditions. The present study sought to identify modifiable factors associated with health optimism that could constitute the focus of future intervention efforts designed to promote health optimism among older people. Participants were 453 (44% males) community-based Western Australians aged 60+ years (M = 70.39 years, SD = 6.06). Participants completed questionnaires to assess sociodemographic characteristics and provided information relating to physical and psychological health status. Almost a quarter of participants (24% n = 108) were classified as health optimists. Results from a multivariate regression analysis found quality of life, psychological well-being, and age to be directly and positively associated with health optimism. A subsequent path analytic model found depression (negatively) and self-efficacy (positively) to be indirectly associated with health optimism via both psychological well-being and quality of life. These findings extend the limited evidence on health optimism in older adults by identifying various modifiable factors that may constitute potential areas of focus for future interventions designed to enhance health outcomes via the fostering of health optimism.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-2004
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 10-03-2017
Abstract: A large proportion of health promotion c aign evaluation research has historically been conducted via telephone surveys. However, there are concerns about the continued viability of this form of surveying in providing relevant and representative data. Online surveys are an increasingly popular alternative, and as such there is a need to assess the comparability between data collected using the two different methods to determine the implications for longitudinal comparisons. The present study compared these survey modes in the context of health promotion evaluation research. Data were collected via computer-assisted telephone interviewing and an online panel. In total, 688 and 606 respondents aged between 14 and 45 years completed the online and telephone surveys, respectively. Online respondents demonstrated higher awareness of the advertisement, rated the advertisement as more personally relevant and had better behavioural outcomes compared with the telephone respondents. The results indicate significant differences between the telephone and online surveys on most measures used to assess the effectiveness of a health promotion advertising c aign. Health promotion practitioners could consider the combination of both methods to overcome the deterioration in telephone survey response rates and the likely differences in respondent outcomes.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.BODYIM.2014.04.002
Abstract: Self-objectification has been examined extensively in adult populations. Despite theoretical evidence suggesting that children may also be vulnerable to experiencing self-objectification, whether children do self-objectify has not been determined. Accordingly, the present study examined the degree to which children self-objectify. The prevalence of body image and eating disturbances in this population, and the relationship between self-objectification and these disturbances, were also investigated. Results from over 250 boys and girls aged 6-11 years revealed that young girls report levels of self-objectification that are similar to those observed among older girls and women. Self-objectification was also found to be meaningfully related to body image and eating disturbances in children. A significant proportion of children reported body dissatisfaction and a minority engaged in disordered eating behaviours in the four weeks prior to the assessment. These results suggest that children may be at risk of experiencing the negative psychological outcomes associated with self-objectification.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.FOODRES.2017.10.032
Abstract: Entomophagy presents a novel approach to securing a nutritive and environmentally sustainable food source to meet the needs of a growing and ageing population. To date, research exploring the receptiveness of Western consumers towards entomophagy has focused on younger age groups and there has been little examination of the views of older adults. The aims of this study were to (i) explore the factors associated with older people's attitudes towards entomophagy and (ii) identify strategies to encourage seniors to adopt the practice. Interviews were conducted with 77 Western Australian seniors aged 60years and over. The average age of the interviewees was 73years and most were female (n=67). Reflecting the lack of promotion of entomophagy as a desirable eating behaviour, there were very low levels of awareness of the environmental and nutritional advantages of this practice. Most of the interviewed seniors saw entomophagy as a disgusting practice that was incompatible with their cultural beliefs and values, however a small group viewed it as a novel and potentially enjoyable experience. The findings suggest that strategies to target the former group could focus on overcoming the disgust reaction, such as by disguising insects in food and providing guarantees of food safety. Consumption in the latter group could be facilitated by improving knowledge and skills relating to the preparation of insect-based foods. Strategies to increase entomophagy in the Western world need to consider the unique views of different consumer groups towards the practice.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-06-2020
DOI: 10.1186/S13690-020-00416-Z
Abstract: Bulgaria continues to lag behind other EU Member States with respect to chronic disease morbidity and mortality prevention. In line with efforts targeting the improvement of dietary practices, this comparative study assessed objective understanding of five different front-of-package labels (FOPL) (Reference Intakes, Multiple Traffic Lights, Warning label, Nutri-Score, and Health Star Rating) in a s le of 1010 Bulgarian adults. Objective understanding was assessed by comparing the results of two nutritional quality ranking tasks (with and without FOPL) in an online randomized experiment featuring three food categories (pizza, cakes, breakfast cereals). Multivariable ordinal logistic regression models within and across food categories were fit. Compared with the Reference Intakes group, participants randomized to Nutri-Score exhibited the largest improvement in product ranking ability across food categories (OR = 2.33 95% CI: 1.55–3.51), followed by those randomized to Health Star Rating (OR = 1.99 95% CI: 1.32–3.00). Nutri-Score also performed best within two (pizza and breakfast cereals) of the three food categories. The Multiple Traffic Lights and Warning label groups did not display any significant improvement in objective understanding either within or across food categories compared with the Reference Intakes group. Nutri-Score, which is a summary, interpretive, polychromatic FOPL, emerged as the most effective model in the Bulgarian context, with the potential to help consumers better understand the nutritional quality of food. The findings are of particular interest to public health policymakers in the region and across Europe, as the debate about an EU-wide FOPL model continues to gather momentum. Registration number ACTRN12618001221246 . Trial registered at the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-11-2009
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2018
Abstract: The substantial public health benefits of autonomous vehicles will be optimised once all vehicles operate in autonomous mode. This form of disruptive technology will need to be widely accepted by the community to facilitate the regulatory and behavioural adjustments required to achieve rapid adoption. The aim of this study was to assess: i) receptiveness to autonomous vehicles ii) the salience of various health benefits (e.g. crash prevention, emission reduction, driving stress reduction, cyclist safety, increased mobility for those unable to drive) and iii) prompted awareness of these health benefits. Quantitative and qualitative data were generated via a national online survey of a broad range of Australians aged 16 years and over (n=1,624). There were neutral levels of receptiveness and very low salience of health benefits, but more substantial levels of prompted awareness of positive health outcomes. These results suggest that the public may be interested in information relating to the in idual and societal health benefits of autonomous vehicles, which in turn may increase overall support for this innovation. Implications for public health: Australians are likely to be receptive to autonomous vehicles when provided with information relating to their public health benefits.
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 30-03-2010
DOI: 10.1108/13555851011026953
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the way Hong Kong drinkers have internalised the meanings associated with alcoholic beverages and how these meanings influence the motivation to drink. Also of interest was how symbolic meanings and motivations are similar or different to those in Western nations and the implications for the marketing of alcohol products. An ethnographic approach comprising participant observations and interviews is used to generate data relating to alcohol consumption. Observations are conducted at 11 venues including pubs, clubs, restaurants, and a convention centre. More than 40 h of observations yield data pertaining to public drinking while the interview data also provides insight into the nature of private drinking in Hong Kong. Alcohol consumption in Hong Kong may be primarily a function of the need to convey desired images to specific and generalised others. The finding that product symbolism dominates taste considerations supports previous research relating to beer consumption but varies somewhat from identified motivations for wine consumption in developed markets. Alcohol marketers may benefit from adapting their products to suit the specific taste preferences of Chinese consumers, although care would need to be taken to ensure the symbolic value of the beverage is not diminished in the process. A focus on the situational context and moderate consumption in promotional messages may increase perceived salience. Little previous research on alcohol consumption motivations has been conducted in Hong Kong. The findings provide insight into likely characteristics of the future alcohol market in mainland China.
Publisher: Routledge
Date: 26-01-2012
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2022
Abstract: Little attention has been given to the health status and lifestyle behaviours of expectant fathers. This study aimed to examine health-related variables in a cohort of expectant fathers to identify potential focus areas for interventions designed to optimise health and wellbeing outcomes in this group. Partners of pregnant women who accessed antenatal services at a large maternity unit in a Western Australian hospital were recruited as part of the ORIGINS Project. Analyses were conducted on data from 498 expectant fathers who were primarily of mid and high socioeconomic status. Participants reported relatively low levels of smoking and alcohol consumption and higher physical activity compared to national averages. Weight status was consistent with population norms for adult males: 76% were overweight or obese and 62% had a waist girth ≥94cm. Expectant fathers may benefit from health interventions, especially in relation to managing their weight during this phase of their lives and beyond. Pregnancy represents a valuable opportunity to engage fathers-to-be in health interventions. Given identified links between paternal weight status and offspring outcomes, interventions focusing on achieving and maintaining a healthy weight among expectant fathers could be beneficial for families.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.APPET.2016.12.035
Abstract: By the time they reach retirement, in iduals are typically highly experienced in sourcing food products and they have strong familiarity with food retailing environments. To investigate the ongoing role of food shopping in later life, the present study explored seniors' attitudes to food shopping and their food-selection behaviours through the lens of their broader lifestyles. The aim was to provide insights of relevance to the development of future efforts to optimise seniors' food shopping experiences and nutrition-related outcomes. Interviews were conducted with 75 Western Australians aged 60 + years to discuss food shopping in the context of their day-to-day lives. The s le was comprised mainly of women (n = 64) and the average age was 74 years. In general, food shopping was perceived to be a manageable but mundane part of life. The findings suggest that there has been an improvement in food retailing practices because many of the numerous areas of concern identified in previous research conducted in this geographical location a decade ago were not nominated as relevant by the interviewees. Instead, food-related issues reported to be most problematic included the difficulties associated with sourcing affordable food products that had been produced locally and that did not contain unacceptable food additives. Seniors' food shopping concerns thus appear to have changed from functional aspects of the physical store environment to product attributes that reflect the increasing industrialisation of the food industry.
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 06-2019
Abstract: According to ecological models of behavior, the physical environment can influence physical activity engagement by a series of mediating and moderating processes. This study tested such a model to identify factors relevant to older adults' engagement in moderate-vigorous physical activity. Sociodemographic, psychological, physical, and environmental factors were assessed in 432 Western Australians aged 60 and older. Moderate-vigorous physical activity was measured objectively using accelerometers. No environmental variables were related to engagement in moderate-vigorous physical activity either directly or indirectly. However, various in idual-level factors were significant, indicating that these may be more important than environmental factors in locations such as Australia that have generally conducive environments and ambient conditions.
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Date: 14-09-2011
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-03-2020
DOI: 10.1111/DAR.13055
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Date: 14-09-2011
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2023
Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd
Date: 2011
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-2014
DOI: 10.1071/HE13093
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 22-02-2019
DOI: 10.1017/S1368980019000156
Abstract: The Healthy Food and Drink Policy was implemented in Western Australian government schools in 2007. The aim of the present study was to assess the compliance of Western Australian school canteen menus with the policy a decade after its introduction. The traffic-light system that underpins the Healthy Food and Drink Policy categorises foods and drinks into three groups: ‘green’ healthy items, ‘amber’ items that should be selected carefully and ‘red’ items that lack nutritional value. Canteen menus were collected online and each menu item was coded as a green, amber or red choice. Western Australia. Online canteen menus from 136 primary and secondary government schools. The majority of audited school menus met policy requirements to include ≥60 % green items (84 %) and ≤40 % amber items (90 %), but only 52 % completely excluded red items. Overall, approximately half (48 %) of school canteen menus met all three traffic-light targets. On average, 70 % of the menu items were green, 28 % were amber and 2 % were red. Primary-school canteen menus were more likely than those from secondary schools to meet the requirements of the policy. While the s led Western Australian government school canteen menus were highly compliant with most of the requirements of the Healthy Food and Drink Policy, many offered red foods and/or drinks. Providing all schools with further education about identifying red items and offering additional services to secondary schools may help improve compliance rates.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 28-07-2017
Abstract: This study presents a Rasch-derived short form of the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale for use as a screening tool in the general population. Data from 2,005 18- to 69-year-olds revealed problematic discrimination at specific thresholds. Estimation of model fit also deviated from Rasch model expectations. Following deletion of 4 items, the 10 remaining items indicated the data fitted the model. No items showed differential item functioning, thereby making comparisons of overall positive mental well-being for the different age, gender, and income groups valid and accurate. Cronbach’s alpha and Rasch Person Separation Index indicated a strong degree of reliability. Overall, the 10-item scale challenges researchers and clinicians to reconsider the assessment of positive mental well-being.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 03-12-2015
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 23-08-2022
DOI: 10.3390/SU141710509
Abstract: (1) Background: The emergence of autonomous vehicles (AVs) is likely to have substantial implications for walking behaviours due to the availability of new transport options and altered physical environments within cities. The aim of this exploratory study was to identify AV-related factors that could affect walking at the population level and strategies to ameliorate any negative effects. (2) Methods: A total of 46 Australian expert stakeholders were interviewed about their perceptions of the potential impacts of AVs on walking behaviours. The interviewees represented government departments (state and federal), non-government organisations (NGOs), private sector companies, peak bodies, and academia. (3) Results: Interviewees expected AVs to have different effects on in iduals’ ability and motivation to engage in planned versus incidental walking. While those with innate motivation to walk as a form of exercise or leisure may experience enhanced participation opportunities, it appears that incidental walking could be adversely impacted through the availability of convenient AV door-to-door transport options and automated home delivery services that reduce walking related to commuting and shopping. (4) Conclusions: Proactive policy actions are needed to optimize the potential positive impacts of AVs on walking and circumvent the potential negative impacts on valuable incidental walking that constitutes a key component of many people’s total physical activity.
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 10-04-2017
DOI: 10.1108/JSOCM-09-2016-0046
Abstract: There is a growing body of research into the utilisation of social networking sites (SNS) by alcohol marketers, but less research into how young people utilise SNS to create their own meanings of, and interactions with, alcohol. The purpose of this study was to explore young adults’ perceptions of the nexus between alcohol and SNS. In total, 60 adults aged 18-21 years took part in an intensive data collection process over six months. All references to social media in the interviews, focus groups and written introspections were compiled and analysed. Results showed social media use stimulates alcohol consumption and alcohol consumption stimulates social media use. Four main themes emerged: social engagement, identity, drinking culture and distancing. Participants reported being constantly exposed to, and often influenced by, images of their peers enjoying themselves while consuming alcohol, with little representation of negative outcomes. The relationship between SNS, social norms and drinking behaviours is complex there is a need for further research into the dynamics of this relationship to inform social marketing interventions. While there is a body of research into commercial references to alcohol on SNS, there is less research into the ways young people utilise SNS to create their own meanings of, and interactions with, alcohol. The consumer research that has been conducted to date has focused on quantifying references to alcohol and drinking behaviours, observing profiles or surveying users. This study addresses a key gap in the literature that is needed to inform social marketing interventions to reduce excessive alcohol consumption: when, why and how do young people post about alcohol.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.DRUGPO.2017.01.014
Abstract: In 2014, Colorado implemented the world's first seed-to-sale recreational cannabis market under a commercial model. This paper aims to provide a thick descriptive account that gives insight into the issues and complexities of Colorado's pioneering and evolving attempt to regulate the use of pesticides on commercial cannabis plantations. The paper examines multiple data sets including: (i) Colorado State Government documents (ii) recreational cannabis regulations (iii) mass and niche media publications (n=175) (iv) face-to-face interviews with key stakeholders, including seniors, regulators and industry executives (n=8) and (v) field notes from relevant conferences and cultivation facility tours in Denver in October, 2016. Two key issues are identified. First, a public safety threat has arisen relating to application of pesticides on cannabis with intensified toxicity in concentrated products of particular concern. Second, as a pioneering jurisdiction, Colorado faces a considerable knowledge gap. To expand collective learning on this issue, for which no regulatory template and little research exists, state regulators tapped industry and other stakeholder expertise while attempting to ensure public safety goals were achieved and regulatory capture by industry was limited. Four years since the recreational cannabis market in Colorado was legalised, the State continues to grapple with the pesticide issue as testing regulations and cultivation standards are yet to be finalised. While more work is needed, Colorado has made significant progress in developing regulations relating to this complex matter. As governments of countries such as Canada and US states, including California, contemplate changes to recreational cannabis laws, Colorado's experience can assist regulators in other jurisdictions considering policy change.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 02-06-2020
Abstract: Self-objectification has been implicated in the development of body image disturbances and disordered eating among adults and adolescents. Empirical research exploring these associations among children is limited. Given body image and eating disturbances have been observed in a significant proportion of children, elucidating the factors associated with these disturbances among members of this population segment is important to informing prevention and intervention efforts. Accordingly, we cross-sectionally examined the association between self-objectification and body image and eating disturbances in 219 Australian 6- to 11-year-olds (57% classified as female children average age = 8.37 years, SD = 1.42). Significant associations were observed between measures of self-objectification and body surveillance body surveillance and both body shame and weight/shape concern and weight/shape concern and dietary restraint. Results suggest early interventions targeting poor body image may need to address self-objectification, although further research is needed to firmly establish self-objectification as a risk factor for poor body image in children. Practitioners could utilize resources specifically developed for children, which encourage positive body esteem, build body confidence, support healthy relationships with food and exercise, and promote activities encouraging in iduals to be attuned to how their bodies feel rather than how they look.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2012
DOI: 10.1016/J.HEALTHPOL.2012.08.018
Abstract: This study investigated stakeholder perceptions of the Healthy Food and Drink Policy that was recently implemented in Western Australian public schools. A two-phase approach involving more than 1800 study participants assessed stakeholders' perceptions of the effects of the policy. Participating stakeholders included parents, principals, teachers, canteen managers, and Parents & Citizens Committee presidents. Despite numerous complaints being lodged when the policy was first introduced, the results suggest strong support across all stakeholder groups. A substantial majority of all stakeholder groups agreed that the policy has improved the healthiness of foods provided in schools and that the policy constitutes an important opportunity to educate children about healthy eating. The study outcomes indicate that policy makers should rely on representative data to assess stakeholder reactions to and support for new school food policies rather than giving undue credence to 'squeaky wheels'.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 11-04-2022
Abstract: Alcoholic beverages sold in Australia are largely exempt from requirements to display nutrition information on packages, unlike other food and beverages. However, alcoholic beverage manufacturers can provide nutrition-related information voluntarily. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of nutrition-related information on packaged alcoholic beverages in Australia. An in-store audit of the largest alcohol retailer in Melbourne, Australia was conducted in July 2021. A systematic s ling method was used to assess the presence and format of nutrition information on 850 alcoholic beverages across 5 alcohol categories (wine (n = 200), beer (n = 200), spirits (n = 200), ready-to-drink beverages (n = 140) and ciders (n = 110)). Most products (n = 682, 80.2%) did not present nutrition-related information. Where information was presented (n = 168), it was most frequently on ready-to-drink beverages (n = 81, 57.9%) and least frequently on spirits (n = 9, 4.5%) and wines (n = 9, 4.5%). Nutrition information was most frequently in the format of a nutrition information panel (n = 150, 89.3%) and approximately half of labelled beverages (n = 86, 51.2%) included a nutrition content claim (e.g., ‘low in carbs’). Given limited voluntary implementation of nutrition labelling on alcoholic beverages in Australia and the substantial contribution of alcoholic beverages to energy intake, consideration of mandatory nutrition labelling, in a standardised format designed to maximise public health benefit, on alcoholic beverages is warranted.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-04-2022
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 27-12-2021
DOI: 10.1111/ADD.15369
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2013
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.ADDBEH.2018.11.004
Abstract: An extensive body of evidence indicates that e-cigarette use is highest among young adults, prompting concerns about the potential renormalization of smoking behaviors in a population segment that is particularly vulnerable to tobacco smoking initiation. Increasing levels of e-cigarette use among young adults are likely a reflection of favorable beliefs about the benefits and risks associated with use, but research assessing perceptions of e-cigarettes in this population segment is limited. The aim of the present study was to assess young adults' perceptions of (i) the absolute and relative harm associated with e-cigarette use and (ii) the efficacy of these devices for smoking cessation. In a s le of 1116 Australian 18 to 25 year olds, three-quarters believed e-cigarettes have some level of harm (72%), just over half believed them to be addictive (57%), and substantial minorities reported that they did not know whether these products are harmful (20%) or addictive (34%). Two-fifths believed e-cigarettes are effective at helping people quit smoking (42%). Differences were observed by smoking status and e-cigarette user status on several variables, with a general trend of more positive perceptions towards e-cigarettes among smokers and users, particularly in relation to cessation efficacy. Results suggest that a substantial minority of young adults are unaware of the harms that may be associated with e-cigarettes, underscoring the importance of public health efforts that aim to provide accurate information about these devices.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2007
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 15-07-2010
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 08-02-2019
DOI: 10.1017/S1368980018003919
Abstract: School food policies are an important component of comprehensive strategies to address child obesity and improve children’s health. Evaluations have demonstrated that these policies can be initially well accepted and appropriately implemented, however little is known about how acceptance levels may change over time. The present study aimed to re-evaluate a school food policy 10 years after its introduction to assess key stakeholders’ support for various policy extensions that would strengthen the scope of the policy. Online surveys administered 1 year after policy introduction ( n 607, 2008) and 10 years after policy introduction ( n 307, 2016). Western Australia. School principals, teachers, canteen managers and presidents of parents & citizens associations from Western Australian Government primary schools. At both time points, and especially at time 2 (10 years post policy implementation), high levels of support were reported for the policy and possible policy extensions. Support was strongest for an additional requirement to integrate the canteen menu with the classroom health curriculum. The results suggest that once a policy has become embedded into school practices, stakeholders may be receptive to modifications that strengthen the policy to enhance its potential effects on children’s diets.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 16-04-2010
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 05-2008
DOI: 10.1080/13607860802121084
Abstract: Social and solitary pastimes with the potential to ameliorate the experience of loneliness among older in iduals were investigated for the purpose of informing future interventions designed to reduce the negative consequences of social isolation. Nineteen in idual interviews with Australians aged 65 years and older. Several pastimes were described by interviewees as instrumental in determining whether the increasing social isolation they experience in older age results in feelings of emotional isolation and thus of loneliness. The specific behaviours that were found to ameliorate loneliness included utilizing friends and family as an emotional resource, engaging in eating and drinking rituals as a means of maintaining social contacts, and spending time constructively by reading and gardening. Specific recommendations are provided for interventions designed to prevent and treat loneliness among older people.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.APPET.2016.03.009
Abstract: Previous research has shown that front-of-pack labels (FoPLs) can assist people to make healthier food choices if they are easy to understand and people are motivated to use them. There is some evidence that FoPLs providing an assessment of a food's health value (evaluative FoPLs) are easier to use than those providing only numerical information on nutrients (reductive FoPLs). Recently, a new evaluative FoPL (the Health Star Rating (HSR)) has been introduced to Australia and New Zealand. The HSR features a summary indicator, differentiating it from many other FoPLs being used around the world. The aim of this study was to understand how consumers of all ages use and make sense of reductive FoPLs and evaluative FoPLs including evaluative FoPLs with and without summary indicators. Ten focus groups were conducted in Perth, Western Australia with adults (n = 50) and children aged 10-17 years (n = 35) to explore reactions to one reductive FoPL (the Daily Intake Guide), an existing evaluative FoPL (multiple traffic lights), and a new evaluative FoPL (the HSR). Participants preferred the evaluative FoPLs over the reductive FoPL, with the strongest preference being for the FoPL with the summary indicator (HSR). Discussions revealed the cognitive strategies used when interpreting each FoPL (e.g., using cut offs, heuristics, and the process of elimination), which differed according to FoPL format. Most participants reported being motivated to use the evaluative FoPLs (particularly the HSR) to make choices about foods consumed as part of regular daily meals, but not for discretionary foods consumed as snacks or deserts. The findings provide further evidence of the potential utility of evaluative FoPLs in supporting healthy food choices and can assist policy makers in selecting between alternative FoPL formats.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 30-03-2021
DOI: 10.1111/AJAG.12907
Abstract: Given positive attitudes to volunteering are likely to be associated with support for volunteering and in idual participation, this study aimed to develop and test a 10‐item ‘attitudes to formal volunteering’ scale for retired older adults that could be used to inform intervention efforts. A s le of 801 Australian retirees (62% female mean age: 71.9 years) completed a survey that included the attitude scale, demographic items and questions assessing engagement in volunteering. A principal component analysis identified two factors (general attitude to volunteering and attitude to participating in volunteering) that together accounted for 64% of the variance in attitude scores. A confirmatory factor analysis indicated the two‐factor model was an excellent fit to the data. Cronbach's alphas for both factors were .80, and both were positively associated with volunteering engagement. The proposed scale is a potentially useful instrument for measuring attitudes to volunteering among retired older adults.
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 22-06-2012
DOI: 10.1108/17465721211236372
Abstract: In response to a call for greater attention to the mental health promotion needs of older people, this study aims to identify those aspects of mental health messages that may be particularly effective with older audiences. In idual interviews and focus groups were conducted with 111 Australians aged 40 years and older. A low level of knowledge relating to mental health issues and the confounding of mental health with mental illness resulted in participants stating a preference for health experts, government officials, and high‐profile and “everyday” in iduals who have successfully recovered from mental illness as spokespeople for mental health messages. A common theme was that spokespersons should have evident and extensive knowledge of .mental illness, either through qualifications, occupation, or personal experience. The findings demonstrate the highly negative connotations surrounding mental illness and the lack of familiarity with the concept of positive mental health. There is much scope to educate the public about the importance of staying mentally healthy and how this outcome may be achieved.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-01-2023
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-023-28141-X
Abstract: To assist intervention developers assess the likely effectiveness of messages designed to encourage greater use of protective behavioral strategies, this study developed and tested the Alcohol Message Perceived Effectiveness Scale (AMPES). Recommendations from the message effectiveness literature were used to guide AMPES development. The resulting scale was administered in online surveys at two time points to Australian drinkers aged 18–70 years (3001 at Time 1 and 1749 at Time 2). An exploratory factor analysis identified the presence of two factors (‘effect perceptions’ and ‘message perceptions’) that accounted for 71% of the variance in scores. Internal consistency of scores was good for the overall scale (ω = 0.83) and ‘effect perceptions’ factor (ω = 0.85), but suboptimal for the ‘message perceptions’ factor (α = 0.60). Scores on both factors significantly predicted enactment of protective behavioral strategies. The AMPES appears to be an appropriate tool to assess perceived message effectiveness and assist in the development of public health messages designed to reduce alcohol consumption.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 27-02-2023
DOI: 10.1186/S12889-023-15250-5
Abstract: Exposure to alcohol advertising and sponsorship through elite sport is associated with harmful use of alcohol. Owing to strong financial and cultural ties between alcohol and sport in Australia, policy action to restrict alcohol sport sponsorship is unlikely to occur without strong public support for change. This study tested whether exposure to counter-advertising exposing industry marketing of harmful products—a technique shown to be effective in tobacco control—promotes higher support for policy change and less favourable beliefs about the alcohol industry among sport spectators. A s le of 1,075 Australian adults aged 18–49 years who planned to watch an National Rugby League (NRL) State of Origin series game, featuring prominent alcohol sponsorship, was recruited through an online panel and randomly assigned to one of three conditions: control (neutral advertisement) counter-advertisement exposing alcohol harms counter-advertisement exposing alcohol sponsorship and harms. Participants completed a pre-test questionnaire and viewed their assigned counter-advertisement multiple times in the 5–7 days before the NRL game. Within four days of watching the game, participants completed post-test measures. Compared to both the control advertisement and the counter-advertisement exposing alcohol harms, participants who viewed the counter-advertisement exposing alcohol sponsorship and harms were significantly more likely to indicate support for each of four policies aimed at restricting sports-related alcohol marketing, including the complete removal of alcohol sponsorship from sport (51% vs. 32% and 37%). They were also significantly less likely to agree with statements such as “alcohol companies should be allowed to sponsor sport since their products are legal” (39% vs. 63% and 60%) and significantly less likely to report liking alcohol companies in general (38% vs. 59% and 54%). There were no significant differences in policy support or industry beliefs between participants who saw the counter-advertisement exposing alcohol harms and those who saw the control advertisement. Counter-advertising employing messages that expose and critique the intent and impact of pervasive alcohol sponsorship in sport has potential to bolster public support for policies targeting alcohol sport sponsorship, diminish beliefs supportive of alcohol industry marketing strategies and enhance negative views of alcohol companies and their marketing practices.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 25-02-2022
DOI: 10.1002/HPJA.578
Abstract: Older adults are significantly less likely than their younger counterparts to engage in physical activity. Comprehensive policies to support healthy ageing thus need to include components encouraging greater participation in physical activity in later life. This study tested potential messages for use in health communication c aigns aimed at increasing physical activity among older adults. Twelve written messages designed to encourage older adults to increase their levels of physical activity were rated by Australians aged 60‐92 years (n = 369 54% female) on the variables of likeability and perceived effectiveness. Ratings for all the tested messages were high across both outcome variables. The message Move more, live longer scored most favourably, with large majorities of participants liking this message (87%) and considering it effective (81%). Messages featuring rhyming or alliteration were rated significantly higher on both outcomes than messages without these attributes (all P s .001). Results provide insights into the types of messages that are likely to be accepted by older adults. Statements that use the phonological patterns of rhyming or alliteration are likely to be especially well received. Increasing participation in physical activity among older adults is critical to promoting the sustainability of health care systems and enhancing quality of life. The specific messaging attributes identified in the present study as being effective could be used by public health practitioners to inform their approach to physical activity messaging to older adults and incorporated into future health communication c aigns to increase their potential effectiveness with this target group.
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 04-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.APPET.2015.09.037
Abstract: A growing evidence base demonstrates the negative health outcomes associated with the consumption of energy drinks (ED) and alcohol mixed with energy drinks (AMED), especially among young people. Work to date has focused on the physiological effects of ED and AMED use and the motivations associated with consumption, typically among college students. The present study adopted an exploratory, qualitative approach with a community s le of 18-21 year olds to identify relevant barriers, motivators, and facilitators to AMED use and to explicate the decision-making processes involved. The sensitisation method was used to collect data from a cohort of 60 young adult drinkers over a period of six months via in idual interviews, focus groups, and introspections. The findings indicate that there may be a general understanding of the negative consequences of AMED use, and that these consequences can constitute barriers that serve to discourage frequent consumption among young people. This outcome suggests the potential application of positive deviance and social norms approaches in interventions designed to reduce AMED use among this population segment. The results are promising in the identification of a large number of concerns among young adults relating to AMED use. These concerns can constitute the focus of future communications with this target group. The results are likely to have relevance to other countries, such as the US and the UK, that share similar alcohol cultures and where energy drinks have achieved comparable market penetration rates.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 27-11-2018
DOI: 10.1111/DAR.12634
Abstract: This study examined references to alcohol and other drugs in top 20 songs over the last quarter of a century to explore the potential for popular music to constitute a barometer for changes occurring in youth consumption of alcohol and other substances. The online Australian Recording Industry Association charts resource was accessed to identify the top 20 songs for the period 1990 to 2015 inclusive. The lyrics of the identified songs were imported into NVivo11 for coding and analysis. Two coders analysed each song by line unit and a third coder assisted in resolving any coding discrepancies. Of the 508 discrete songs, 74 (15%) featured references to alcohol, tobacco and/or illicit drugs. Substance mentions increased over time such that the second half of the study period accounted for three-quarters of all references. The peak period for mentions was 2008-2012, with 2010 exhibiting an especially high prevalence rate for alcohol references. There was a marked decline in alcohol mentions between 2010 and 2013. The rate at which female artists referred to alcohol increased sharply until 2010 and then decreased. Patterns in substance mentions in top 20 songs in more recent years may reflect broader social trends that influence youth substance use. As such, monitoring music lyrics may assist researchers to better understand forces underlying patterns of youth substance use.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-2020
DOI: 10.1186/S12966-020-01069-5
Abstract: An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 25-11-2014
Abstract: – The purpose of this paper is to explore the practice of hiding vegetables among low socioeconomic parents. – A qualitative longitudinal study involving 37 low socioeconomic Australian parents with at least one overweight or obese child aged five to nine years. Data were obtained with the use of interviews, focus groups, and self-introspections. – Identified issues relating to the practice of hiding vegetables included: how parents manage hiding vegetables, children's presence in the kitchen during vegetable preparation, the employment of deception when hiding vegetables, the use of cookbooks and blogs, and the alternative views of parents not strongly in favour of hiding vegetables. – Hiding vegetables is a practice used by some parents to increase their children's vegetable intake. Children who are unaware of hidden vegetables in their meals are potentially missing the opportunity to develop an appreciation for vegetables and learn about vegetable preparation and cooking. – The findings are relevant to dietitians, general practitioners, and other health professionals providing advice to parents on appropriate child-feeding strategies. – This appears to be the first study to provide an in-depth account of low socioeconomic parents’ use of hiding vegetables to facilitate higher levels of vegetable consumption.
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 03-2014
DOI: 10.1037/A0034803
Abstract: Eating and body image disturbances in children are typically assessed using the Children's Eating Disorder Examination (ChEDE) however, support for the reliability and validity of scores on this measure is mixed. Furthermore, previous studies suggest that scores obtained from a simplified 8-item version of the ChEDE may be more reliable and useful for research purposes than scores obtained from the full scale. The present study sought to psychometrically evaluate the reliability and factor structure of this brief 8-item scale. Two separate community-based s les of 6- to 11-year-olds (N = 535) were administered the ChEDE as part of a broader assessment battery. The brief 8-item model provided a good fit to the data, as determined by confirmatory factor analysis. Additionally, scores obtained from the 8-item scale, as well as a global ChEDE score, provided reliable measures of a child's eating disorder symptoms, and were superior to the original 4 subscales in both healthy-weight and overweight/obese s les. The brief 8-item scale may therefore be used by researchers who want a reliable and valid index of global eating disorder psychopathology without doing a full interview.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-2004
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 30-10-2018
DOI: 10.1111/DAR.12872
Abstract: Rules concerning the placement of alcohol advertisements (Placement Rules) were added to the industry-managed Alcohol Beverages Advertising Code Scheme in November 2017. This study aimed to critically review the Placement Rules and evaluate their ability to effectively regulate the placement of alcohol marketing and provide safeguards for young people in Australia. An established framework for evaluating the design of an effective self-regulatory system was applied to the substantive content of the Placement Rules and associated regulatory processes. Publicly available documents, including recent Alcohol Beverages Advertising Code Scheme determinations, informed the review. The objectives and key terms of the Placement Rules are inadequately defined and narrow in scope, resulting in the dismissal of almost all relevant complaints. Weaknesses identified in the regulatory processes include limited representation from external stakeholders in the development of the Placement Rules, a lack of transparency and independence in the Scheme's administration, and limited monitoring and enforcement options. The Placement Rules are unlikely to reduce young people's exposure to alcohol marketing and hence fail to meet public health objectives. This review adds to the body of literature that demonstrates that industry-managed systems fail to effectively regulate alcohol marketing. Government intervention is needed if young people's wellbeing is to be prioritised.
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 08-02-2018
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-01-2019
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 10-02-2012
DOI: 10.1108/20426761211203229
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the ability of a social marketing intervention to provide families with specific nutrition information, stimulate family discussions on the topic of nutrition, and encourage parents to make changes in their child‐feeding practices. A postcard intervention was administered to families with children aged five to 12 years at three primary schools in Western Australia. Approximately two months later, an evaluation questionnaire was administered to the three intervention schools and a control school. In total, 229 usable questionnaires were returned, representing a 22 percent response rate. In the intervention schools, almost half of the respondents reported discussing the contents of the postcards with their children and a third reported giving the cards to their children to read. The intervention was successful in encouraging a majority (60 percent) of respondents to make at least one favourable change to their child‐feeding practices, in line with the recommendations provided. The study demonstrated that a simple and cost‐effective social marketing intervention can encourage family discussions on the topic of nutrition and favourably influence parents' child‐feeding practices.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-10-2012
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-09-2023
DOI: 10.1038/S41430-022-01205-3
Abstract: It is important for nutrition interventions to be equitable to ensure they do not widen socioeconomic health-based inequalities. The role of front-of-pack nutrition labels is to provide accessible and easily understood information on product packages, and it is essential that such labels assist those who are least able to access and interpret other forms of nutrition information. This secondary analysis of the FOP-ICE food labelling study involving 18 countries ( N = 18,393) assessed whether five different front-of-pack labels varied in effectiveness according to income status. The two outcome variables were objective understanding of products’ nutritional quality and product choice. While there were substantial differences in the ability of in idual labels to improve understanding, for each label and across all labels combined there were no significant differences in changes in both outcome variables by income category. The results provide evidence that interpretive front-of-pack nutrition labels are an equitable and useful nutrition intervention.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2021
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-10-2019
DOI: 10.1111/DAR.12869
Abstract: Despite substantial reductions in smoking prevalence in many countries, rates remain high among people who are experiencing disadvantage. This study aimed to explore attitudinal and behavioural responses to population-wide tobacco control policies among Australian smokers experiencing disadvantage. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with 84 smokers attending community service organisations in the mental health, homelessness, and alcohol and other drug sectors. Interviewees discussed various tobacco control policies (tobacco taxes, smoke-free areas, plain packaging and graphic health warnings). The interview transcriptions were coded and thematically analysed. Responses to tobacco taxes were mixed. Some interviewees reported smoking less as a result of price increases, while others reallocated funds from other budget areas. Many perceived smoke-free area policies as effective, although some described strategies they use to circumvent this policy, thereby diminishing its effectiveness. Plain packaging and graphic warnings were perceived as being least effective. While tobacco control policies can elicit intended attitudinal and behavioural responses, additional efforts are needed to enhance their effectiveness among smokers experiencing disadvantage. Future efforts to reduce smoking rates should address responses that diminish policy effectiveness among groups exhibiting high smoking prevalence. This could be achieved through strategies that address the specific needs of these groups, such as providing additional cessation support, enforcing existing smoke-free policies in ways that minimise inequitable effects, and addressing self-exempting beliefs.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.APPET.2015.10.004
Abstract: The escalating obesity crisis has resulted in a wide range of efforts to develop more effective prevention approaches. This review article explores the potential for the concept of food pleasure to take centre stage in social marketing programs that aim to encourage healthy eating. Literature relating to food motivations is reviewed and the various strategic phases involved in developing social marketing programs are outlined in the context of incorporating a food pleasure focus.
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 03-2006
DOI: 10.1108/00070700610650990
Abstract: Food and alcohol are symbolically and physically linked in many cultures. This article seeks to explore Australians' perceptions of the relationships between food and two of the more popular forms of alcohol – wine and beer. The findings from two parallel alcohol studies are reported. One study examined the role of wine consumption in Australian culture ( n =105), while the other study performed the same function in terms of beer consumption ( n =115). Interviews and focus groups were used in both studies to collect data from consumers and industry representatives to identify expectations of appropriate food and alcohol pairing. Wine was found to be strongly associated with food along three dimensions: complementarity, social meaning, and lubrication. This association occurs in the context that it is generally deemed inappropriate to consume wine without food. By comparison, a much weaker association appears to exist between food and beer. Interviewees reported regularly consuming beer in both eating and non‐eating contexts, with the nature of the occasion influencing beer consumption rather than any food that may or may not be present. Consumers' expectations of the appropriate pairing of food with beer and wine are discussed in terms of their implications for those wishing to align particular food and alcohol products in the marketplace. A theoretical contribution is provided through a discussion of the ways in which different alcoholic beverages are assigned different symbolic meanings to allow them to facilitate ergent food consumption experiences.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2017
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 27-03-2023
DOI: 10.3390/NU15071623
Abstract: University food environments have a strong influence on the dietary choices of students and staff. The aim of this study was to assess the food environment at a large university in Sydney, Australia. Data were collected between March and July 2022 from 27 fixed food outlets and 24 vending machines. The healthiness of the food environment was evaluated using the Healthy Food and Drink in NSW Health Facilities for Staff and Visitors Framework (‘Framework’), which assesses food environment parameters including the availability, placement, and promotion of ‘Everyday’ (healthy) and ‘Occasional’ (less healthy) products. Each parameter was evaluated overall and across each food outlet type. Across all outlets, Everyday foods and drinks made up 43.9% of all products. Only two outlets met the Framework’s product availability benchmark of ≥75% Everyday foods and drinks. A total of 43 outlets (84.3%) sold sugary drinks as part of their product range. Occasional products made up 68.4%, 53.3%, and 59.9% of all items for sale at checkout areas, countertops, and eye-level shelves, respectively. Finally, 79.7% of meal deals included Occasional products. Our findings highlight the need to improve the availability, placement, and promotion of foods and drinks sold at a major university c us in Sydney, Australia.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 08-2005
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 10-04-2018
DOI: 10.1017/S0144686X1800034X
Abstract: Resistance training is an important aspect of healthy ageing, yet participation rates are especially low among older people. Strategies are needed to ensure resistance training programmes are attractive to and appropriate for this target group. To inform the development of such strategies, in idual interviews (N = 42) and focus groups (four groups, N = 37) were conducted with 79 Western Australians representing four stakeholder groups: instructors who deliver resistance training programmes to older people, health practitioners, policy makers and seniors. Results indicate that the need for personalised attention in the establishment and maintenance phases of a resistance training programme can constitute both a positive and negative aspect of older people's experiences. The negative aspects were identified as a series of tensions between the need for personalised attention and (a) the desire to participate in physical activity within social groups, (b) a preference for activity variation, (c) a dislike for large centres where personalised guidance is often available yet the surroundings can be considered unappealing, (d) cost issues and (e) the need for flexibility in attendance. Recommended strategies for overcoming these tensions include disseminating information about the benefits of resistance training in later life to increase motivation to participate, identifying additional methods of integrating resistance training into group exercise formats, making gyms more attractive to older people and providing non-gym alternatives for resistance training.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 14-03-2021
DOI: 10.1111/DAR.13277
Abstract: 'Count your drinks' is a protective behavioural strategy (PBS) that has been found to be effective in reducing alcohol consumption. Previous research has shown that females, older people and low-risk drinkers are more likely to use this strategy, but little is known about the attitudinal factors associated with engaging in drink counting. This information is important for developing effective interventions to encourage use of this PBS. The aim of this paper was to assess whether the following attitudinal factors are associated with frequency of enactment of the 'Count your drinks' PBS: (i) perceived ease of use (ii) perceived effectiveness (iii) personal relevance and (iv) believability. A total of 683 Australian drinkers completed an online survey assessing demographic variables, alcohol consumption, frequency of drink counting and attitudes to the 'Count your drinks' PBS. A hierarchical regression analysis was used to determine whether the attitudinal factors were associated with frequency of enactment after controlling for demographic and alcohol-related factors. Attitudes to the 'Count your drinks' PBS accounted for 28% of the variance in reported frequency of drink counting. Perceptions of personal relevance, ease of use and effectiveness were found to be significantly associated with frequency of enactment. Interventions designed to encourage drinkers to count their drinks should aim to increase the perceived personal relevance, ease of use and effectiveness of this strategy.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.APPET.2015.04.080
Abstract: Among other focus areas, interventions designed to improve children's diets need to address key factors contributing to children's consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages. The present study employed structural equation modelling to investigate the relationship between a broad range of predictor variables and the frequency with which Australian children consume soft drinks. In total, 1302 parents of children aged 8 to 14 years responded to an online survey about their children's food consumption behaviours. Soft drink consumption frequency was primarily influenced by parents' attitudes to soft drinks, children's pestering behaviours, and perceived social norms relating to children's consumption of these products. Importantly, pestering and social norms had significant direct effects on consumption frequency in addition to indirect effects via their impact on parents' attitudes to soft drink.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.APPET.2022.106352
Abstract: We examined the prevalence and magnitude of price promotions among purchases of packaged foods and beverages in Australia, as well as the contribution of price-promoted foods and beverages to apparent energy intake. We utilized grocery purchase data from a nationally representative panel of 10 000 households in 2019 (NielsenIQ Homescan panel), combined with a food nutrition dataset (FoodSwitch). Nutritional quality was defined using the Australian and New Zealand Health Star Rating (HSR), where products with an HSR <3.5 were classified as 'less healthy' and products with an HSR ≥3.5 were classified as 'healthy'. Apparent energy intake was expressed as the total energy content of all purchased products per day per capita. Price promotions were claimed by panel members. Overall, four-in-ten packaged products (41%) were purchased on price promotion. Compared to 'healthy' products, 'less healthy' products were more frequently purchased on price promotion (33% vs 48%, respectively, p < 0.001), but had a similar mean magnitude of price discount (both 22%). Low socio-economic status (SES) households consumed 18% more energy from 'less healthy' packaged products on price promotion than high SES households (1141 vs 970 kJ/day/capita, p < 0.001). In conclusion, restricting price promotions for 'less healthy' packaged foods and beverages could potentially improve diet quality and dietary inequalities in Australia.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-06-2008
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2021
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-02-2014
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 15-10-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2015
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-2004
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.DRUGPO.2015.12.001
Abstract: For almost a century, the cultivation, sale and use of recreational cannabis has been prohibited by law in most countries. Recently, however, under ballot initiatives four states in the US have legalised commercial, non-medical (recreational) cannabis markets. Several other states will initiate similar ballot measures attached to the 2016 election that will also appoint a new President. As the first state to implement the legislation in 2014, Colorado is an important ex le to begin investigating early consequences of specific policy choices while other jurisdictions consider their own legislation although the empirical evidence base is only beginning to accrue. This paper brings together material sourced from peer reviewed academic papers, grey literature publications, reports in mass media and niche media outlets, and government publications to outline the regulatory model and process in Colorado and to describe some of the issues that have emerged in the first 20 months of its operation. These issues include tension between public health and profit, industry and investment, new methods of consumption, the black market and product testing. The paper concludes that, while it is too early to determine the impact of the scheme, and noting that it includes some features designed to mitigate adverse impacts, it faces major challenges. Not least of these are the lack of an effective overarching federal regulatory structure, as a consequence of the federal prohibition on cannabis, combined with a rapidly growing cannabis industry which, like other industries, will seek to exploit loopholes to maximise profit.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2020
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 31-03-2014
DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2014.899970
Abstract: To explicate lay theories relating to social isolation and to identify instances of positive deviance to inform future efforts to encourage older people to participate in protective behaviors. Twelve focus groups and 20 in idual interviews were conducted with Australians aged 40 years and older. Data were collected in metropolitan and regional areas. The age threshold was based on the need to generate formative research to inform interventions to encourage people to engage in preventive behaviors prior to reaching older age when they become more susceptible to social isolation. Two primary lay theories were identified in the data. These are related to the recognized importance of social connection and the belief that forming new social connections becomes more difficult with age due to a range of in idual and external factors. Ex les of positive deviance that were identified included viewing overcoming social isolation as an incremental process, being prepared to be the instigator of social interaction, and adopting an external focus. The findings suggest that the provision of a broad range of group activities may need to be combined with a focused approach to targeting and approaching those most at risk to reduce the burden of social isolation at a population level.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 05-2013
DOI: 10.1017/S1368980013001067
Abstract: The current study examined the impact of television and Internet food advertising on Australian parents and children. Parents and their children aged 8 to 14 years were exposed to a television advertisement, an Internet advertisement or a control picture for four commonly advertised energy-dense, nutrient-poor foods. Online web panel survey, Australia. Parents ( n 1302) and their children aged 8 to 14 years ( n 1302). After a single exposure to each advertisement, parent respondents in the two exposure conditions evaluated the products more favourably, had a greater desire to consume the products and thought the product could be consumed more frequently than those in the control condition. Similar trends were observed among children, although the differences were statistically significant only for the frequency of food consumption in the Internet advertisement condition and the evaluation of one product. The results have implications for assumptions of adults’ immunity to advertising. This is of particular importance in efforts to address child obesity and the reliance on parents to mediate the effects of food advertising.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 20-09-2012
DOI: 10.1002/PA.1444
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-01-2013
DOI: 10.1002/MAR.20591
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2017
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 04-2006
DOI: 10.1108/13522750610658793
Abstract: Discussions of symbolic meaning tend to focus on consumer goods and as a result there is relatively little consideration given to the meanings associated with less tangible receptacles such as locations. The purpose of this paper is to explore the symbolic meaning resident in a particular consumption location, namely the Australian pub (public drinking house). Interviews and observations were used to explore Australians' perceptions of their pubs. Fifty‐two patrons and seven bar tenders were interviewed in 23 pubs across three Australian states (Western Australia, New South Wales, and Victoria). The men and women interviewed accepted that pubs are still male‐dominated domains. At the same time, they regarded pubs to be iconic of Australian culture. The findings suggest that consumption locations can be replete with numerous symbolic meanings and that it is possible for in iduals to perceive contradictory meanings relating to the same location. Obtaining an understanding of in iduals' and groups' sense of place can yield a richer interpretation of the possibly contradictory symbolic meanings resident in particular consumption locations. In recent times there have been growing calls for consumer researchers to include the concept of place attachment in their efforts to better understand the consumption process. This paper draws together the theoretical areas of symbolic meaning, self‐concept, and place attachment to provide insight into the consumption dynamics occurring every day in Australian pubs.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 11-01-2013
DOI: 10.1017/S1368980012005435
Abstract: It is likely that there are substantial subconscious effects of organizations’ efforts to associate their products with sport via sponsorships, but most research methods are unable to capture these effects. The present study employed a novel projective technique to explore children's implicit associations between popular sports and a range of sports sponsors. Children participated in an activity using magnets bearing the logos of numerous sports and sponsors. They were invited to arrange the magnets on a whiteboard without being advised that the activity related to sponsorship. Perth, Western Australia. Children ( n 164) aged 5–12 years. Three-quarters (76 %) of the children aligned at least one correct sponsor magnet with the relevant sport. Just over half the children (54 %) correctly matched the most popular sport (an Australian Football League team) with its relevant sponsor (a fast-food chain). Given the unstructured nature of the projective task, the results provide some support for the argument that sports sponsorship can effectively reach child audiences. This is of concern given the current extent of sponsorship by alcohol and fast-food companies.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 19-09-2017
DOI: 10.1017/S1368980016002512
Abstract: To identify the features of a nutrition education programme for disadvantaged adults deemed most attractive and useful by participants. A two-year, multi-method, qualitative evaluation of pre and post data collected from programme participants. Data were imported into NVivo10 for coding to facilitate a thematic analysis. Western Australia. In iduals attending the Western Australian FOODcents nutrition education programme that is designed to provide knowledge and skills needed to consume a healthy diet on a budget. Focus groups were conducted several weeks after course completion (five groups, forty-seven participants), observations were conducted during FOODcents sessions (thirty-one observation episodes, 237 participants), and open-ended questions were asked in pre–post hard-copy surveys administered in sessions ( n 927) and an online survey administered on average six weeks after course completion ( n 114). The course attributes that were found to be especially important to participants were: (i) user-friendly, practical information that could be immediately translated to their daily lives (ii) experiential learning that involved direct contact with food products and (iii) opportunities for social interaction. These aspects of nutrition education were described as being highly influential in the decision to participate in the course, the application of the information in their subsequent food purchase and preparation activities, and their word-of-mouth communications with others about the course. Incorporating aspects of most importance to participants into nutrition education programme delivery and promotion may increase joining rates, enjoyment, satisfaction with course content and, ultimately, the uptake of recommended behaviours.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 14-06-2020
DOI: 10.1007/S40520-019-01241-3
Abstract: Volunteering among older people has the potential to deliver health benefits to the in idual, along with economic and social benefits to society. However, it is not clear whether healthier people are more likely to engage in volunteering, whether volunteering improves health, or the extent to which the relationship may be reciprocal. There is an identified need for longitudinal work, especially in the form of randomized controlled trials, to establish causality. To assess the effects of commencing volunteering among older non-volunteers utilizing a randomized controlled trial approach involving per-protocol and pragmatic analyses. Of the 445 Australians aged 60 + years who participated in the study, 201 were assigned to an intervention arm that required them to participate in a minimum of 1 h/week of formal volunteering in a position of their choice. The remaining participants were assigned to a control condition and asked to continue their lives as usual, but were not discouraged from commencing volunteering. Across the assessed physical, psychological, and social variables, a significant difference in sit-to-stand scores was found in both the per-protocol and pragmatic analyses, and a further significant difference in the fast pace walk was identified in the pragmatic analyses. The results provide some support for policies and programs designed to encourage older people to engage in volunteering to maintain or improve their health. Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12615000091505.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-09-2023
DOI: 10.1111/DAR.13541
Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a mass media c aign alerting the public to the potential harms of alcohol to unborn babies and to inform future intervention efforts. An online survey was administered to 889 adult Western Australians. The survey assessed demographic characteristics, typical alcohol use, recognition and perceptions of the c aign, and behavioural changes resulting from c aign exposure. A multiple regression analysis was conducted to identify factors associated with perceived c aign effectiveness. Most respondents reported having seen/heard the c aign on at least one form of media (71%). Most considered the c aign to be believable (89%), clear (88%), trustworthy (87%), memorable (82%) and among the best they had seen (78%). As a result of c aign exposure, a large majority reported increased concern about drinking during pregnancy (85%) and most female respondents reported being much less likely to use alcohol during a pregnancy (83%). One‐third of female respondents (33%) reported that as a result of being exposed to the c aign they had decided not to consume alcohol while pregnant. Confidence to abstain, awareness of strategies to abstain, lower socioeconomic position, residing in the metropolitan area and recognising the c aign were significantly associated with greater perceived c aign effectiveness. Results indicate the c aign was well received by respondents, increased concern about drinking alcohol during pregnancy and positively influenced women's intentions to refrain from drinking while pregnant. Well‐designed c aigns on alcohol avoidance during pregnancy can be considered acceptable and effective by target audiences.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 10-09-2014
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2016
Abstract: Protecting the skin from ultraviolet (UV) radiation is critical during adolescence to reduce the risk of developing skin cancer later in life, but adolescents tend to be less likely to engage in sun-protective behaviours than adults. The present study examined changes and trends (2001/02-2011/12) in sun-protection behaviours among adolescents living in Western Australia - a region with high levels of UV radiation. A cross-sectional survey was conducted during 10 summers between 2001/02 and 2011/12 to investigate how often adolescents engaged in various sun-protection behaviours, including outdoor protective measures (wearing a hat, wearing protective clothing, using sunscreen, wearing sunglasses, seeking shade) and avoidance of UV radiation by staying inside. Hat use significantly decreased between 2001/02 and 2011/12, whereas use of sunscreen and wearing covering clothes were unchanged in most survey years relative to 2001/02. Use of sunglasses peaked in 2006/07 and 2007/08, but returned to first survey year levels in 2011/12, while staying inside was more frequently reported from 2006/07 onwards. New approaches are needed to minimise reactance responses in adolescents while fostering favourable attitudes to sun protection. Implications and opportunities for interventions to promote better sun-protection practices among adolescents are provided.
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 23-05-2022
Abstract: Front-of-pack (FoP) labeling on packaged foods is recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) to reduce diet-related non-communicable diseases, but it has not yet been implemented in China. The introduction of FoP labeling is driven by multiple institutions and stakeholders. This study aimed to identify key institutional actors involved in FoP labeling and describe links between actors to support future FoP labeling policies and programmes in China. The Net-Map method was adopted. We conducted Net-map activities with eight participants using face-to-face interviews between November 2020 and May 2021. Participants were asked to identify actors involved in the development and implementation of FoP labeling in China, describe networks among actors according to pre-defined link types (command, dissemination, funding, and technical assistance), and estimate influence of each actor within the FoP labeling landscape. Social network analysis measures of cohesion and centrality were used to describe each network. Gephi software was used for social network analysis and network visualization. Forty-one unique actors were identified across seven actor categories including government agencies ( n = 14), technical support agencies ( n = 7), professional associations ( n = 10), food industry groups ( n = 2), media groups ( n = 4), international organizations ( n = 3), and a consumer group ( n = 1). Weighted influence scores among actors ranged from 0.13 to 3.13. The Department of Food Safety Standards, Risk Surveillance and Assessment of the National Health Commission (DFSSRSA of NHC) was the actor with the highest weighted influence score, followed by the Bureau of Disease Prevention and Control of National Health Commission, Chinese Nutrition Society, and the National Institute for Nutrition and Health of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. DFSSRSA of NHC played a central role in both command and technical assistance networks. State-owned media had the greatest betweenness and outdegree centrality in the dissemination network. The Chinese Nutrition Society was in the central position and provided funding to erse actors in the funding network. A variety of multisectoral actors have an interest in the introduction of FoP labeling policies and programmes. Effectively engaging key actors identified in this study can generate a multisectoral commitment to advance FoP labeling policies and programmes in China.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-2016
DOI: 10.1111/JPC.13148
Abstract: Previous research has identified convenience, enjoyment, value for money and perceived goodness as primary dimensions of parents' attitudes to foods and beverages. The aim of the present study was to examine the factors associated with parents' scores on each of these attitudinal dimensions to identify key issues for future interventions designed to improve parents' food provision behaviours and children's diets. A s le of 1302 Australian parents of children aged 8 to 14 years completed an online survey relating to their food-related beliefs. Linear regression analyses were undertaken to examine factors associated with parents' attitudes to soft drinks and energy-dense nutrient-poor foods. Consistent factors were identified for both energy-dense, nutrient-poor foods and soft drinks, indicating that similar approaches could be adopted in interventions for both product categories. The primary factors were social norms, child pestering, television viewing and exposure to food advertising. Food advertising represents a common link between the primary factors, indicating that it constitutes a critical component of future interventions designed to modify parents' attitudes to unhealthy food products and to reduce the frequency with which these foods are consumed by children.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-2016
DOI: 10.1111/DAR.12459
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.ADDBEH.2018.06.017
Abstract: Previous studies suggest that employing specific behavioral strategies when drinking can prevent excessive alcohol consumption and related harms. However, these studies have typically examined these 'protective behavioral strategies' (PBSs) in combination, limiting understanding of whether in idual strategies differ in their effectiveness. Further, most existing research is cross-sectional in design, precluding the determination of causal relationships between PBS use and alcohol consumption. To address these research gaps, the present study sought to longitudinally (i) identify which in idual PBSs are significantly related to reduced alcohol consumption over time and (ii) explore the effectiveness of in idual PBSs among specific population groups. The s le comprised 1328 Australian adult drinkers (47% male) who completed an online survey assessing engagement in PBSs and alcohol consumption at two time points approximately four weeks apart. Reported enactment of the PBS 'Count your drinks' was associated with a significant reduction in alcohol consumption between T1 and T2. In contrast, enactment of the PBSs 'Ask a friend to let you know when you have had enough to drink', 'Put extra ice in your drink', 'Use a designated driver', and 'Leave drinking venues at a pre-determined time' was associated with an increase in alcohol consumption. The results thus suggest that many PBSs may not be effective in reducing alcohol consumption and that some may be associated with higher levels of intake. The results have implications for the development of harm-minimization c aigns designed to encourage drinkers to reduce their alcohol consumption.
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 09-2006
DOI: 10.1108/17473610610717982
Abstract: To explore mothers’ attitudes to fast food companies’ use of toy premiums as a marketing technique. Two focus groups and 12 in idual interviews were conducted with 21 mothers of young children. The mothers considered toy premiums to be a highly effective form of marketing targeted at their children. Such purchase incentives stimulate a constant barrage of requests that parents must manage. If parents are to successfully perform their role of food providers to address escalating rates of childhood obesity, they need assistance to counter‐balance the highly effective forms of marketing being employed by fast food companies. The findings have relevance for public policy makers in their efforts to assess the impacts of various promotional activities targeted at children. They are also useful for food marketers as they suggest how product offerings may be differentiated to better meet parents’ preferences. Very little research has examined parents’ attitudes to specific marketing techniques aimed at children. Understanding the impacts of these techniques on parents’ feeding practices is critical in obtaining an appreciation for how parents can better manage their children’s diets to address rapidly escalating rates of childhood obesity.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 15-06-2012
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-11-2010
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 19-08-2021
DOI: 10.1002/HPJA.399
Abstract: While the psychological health benefits of older people's engagement in formal volunteering are well‐documented, there is limited research assessing how volunteering may produce these favourable outcomes. To guide the development of volunteer positions that optimise outcomes, this study examined (a) which aspects of the volunteering experience are most strongly associated with favourable psychological health among older adults and (b) whether relationships between these aspects and psychological outcomes are moderated by sociodemographic characteristics. A s le of 293 volunteers aged 60+ years (69% female, mean age = 73.33 years) completed measures assessing their engagement in volunteering, various aspects of their volunteer experience, and their psychological health. Being adequately appreciated for one's contribution, perceived social and mental intensity of the volunteer role, and believing that others benefit from one's volunteering efforts were found to be associated with higher levels of psychological health. Ensuring the contributions of volunteers are explicitly recognised, providing opportunities for engagement in social and cognitive activities, and informing volunteers of the benefits others experience constitute potential means of enhancing volunteer outcomes and may assist with volunteer retention. This study builds upon the limited research assessing which aspects of the volunteering experience are most strongly associated with favourable psychological health among older adults. The findings point to the potential importance of four specific aspects of the volunteer experience in enhancing psychological health outcomes.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-04-2016
DOI: 10.1071/HE15100
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-08-2020
DOI: 10.1002/HPJA.275
Abstract: Smoking rates among people experiencing disadvantage are significantly higher than for the general population. Community service organisations (CSOs) have been suggested as appropriate settings to address tobacco use among this subgroup. This study aimed to (a) assess CSO staff members' interest in receiving smoking cessation training, (b) explore the factors associated with interest and (c) identify preferred cessation support information formats. An online survey was administered to CSO staff across Australia. Respondents were asked about the main groups targeted by their service, their role in the organisation and their interest in receiving smoking cessation training. Logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with receptiveness to smoking cessation training. Of the 242 CSO staff members responding to the survey, 53% were interested in receiving training. Having more frequent contact with clients and working at an organisation supporting people with a mental illness were positively associated with being interested in undertaking training. Online resources were identified as a preferred form of information relating to cessation support provision. CSO staff who have frequent contact with clients may be receptive to training that would enable them to provide smoking cessation support to people experiencing disadvantage. SO WHAT?: CSOs represent an important setting for smoking cessation interventions given their existing relationship with people who have high smoking rates and the apparent receptiveness of CSO staff to participate in such initiatives.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-09-2020
DOI: 10.1186/S12913-020-05709-1
Abstract: Tackling childhood obesity is complex and requires a community-based approach implemented in multiple environments. It is known from literature that knowledgeable and skilled professionals are essential to implement such an approach successfully. The aim of the present study was to assess the need for training and support among a global network of programme directors implementing a Community-Based Childhood Obesity Intervention (CBCOI) based on the EPODE approach, in order to assist them in optimising the implementation process. An online survey was sent to 40 programme directors representing programmes implementing a CBCOI based on the EPODE approach. The survey consisted of statements on a 5-point Likert scale and multiple-choice questions about attitude towards and usefulness of training and support, and preferences for some predefined training types and training topics. In total, 22 programme directors responded to the survey (55% response rate). Data were analysed using descriptive statistics to describe the need for support in order to improve successful implementation. Respondents strongly agreed that continually updating skills and learning how to make their programmes more effective and sustainable at the start and during the implementation was important. On-site training was preferred most at the commencement of a programme, while a 2-day training course was most valued during implementation. Monitoring, measuring and programme evaluation was identified as the most valuable training topic. The results indicate a continuing and significant need for support and training among programme directors implementing a CBCOI. The findings give directions regarding topics and types of training and support in order to improve the implementation process.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 13-04-2021
DOI: 10.1007/S12529-021-09988-8
Abstract: Prevalence figures for health-related behaviors disguise the existence of behavioral clusters. A growing body of work indicates the potential effectiveness of using simultaneous (versus sequential) approaches to targeting health-related behaviors to make deeper inroads into addressing non-communicable diseases. To inform future interventions designed to simultaneously address multiple risk factors, the aim of the present study was to identify behavioral clusters including nine behaviors relating to smoking, alcohol consumption, nutrition, physical activity, and sleep. A latent class analysis was applied to a nationally representative s le of 1849 adult Australians. Of the four identified segments, one was characterized by a relatively healthy behavioral profile and another demonstrated poor results across multiple lifestyle domains. The other two groups comprised in iduals who demonstrated healthy behaviors in some domains (e.g., substance use) but not in others (primarily physical inactivity and junk food consumption, respectively). Results suggest the opportunity to encourage in iduals in the latter two groups to build on existing positive behaviors to achieve greater overall compliance with health recommendations. Particularly intensive interventions are likely needed for those in the unhealthiest group to address the potentially reinforcing effects of their multiple unhealthy behaviors.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.EATBEH.2016.12.006
Abstract: Little is known about the complex combination of factors influencing the extent to which children request unhealthy foods from their parents. The aim of this study was to develop a comprehensive model of influencing factors to provide insight into potential methods of reducing these requests. A web panel provider was used to administer a national online survey to a s le of 1302 Australian parent-child dyads (total s le n=2604). Initial univariate analyses identified potential predictors of children's requests for and consumption of unhealthy foods. The identified variables were subsequently incorporated into a path analysis model that included both parents' and children's reports of children's requests for unhealthy foods. The resulting model accounted for a substantial 31% of the variance in parent-reported food request frequency and 27% of the variance in child-reported request frequency. The variable demonstrating the strongest direct association with both parents' and children's reports of request frequency was the frequency of children's current intake of unhealthy foods. Parents' and children's exposure to food advertising and television viewing time were also positively associated with children's unhealthy food requests. The results highlight the need to break the habitual provision of unhealthy foods to avoid a vicious cycle of requests resulting in consumption.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2019
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-08-2009
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2023
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 31-07-2020
DOI: 10.3390/NU12082307
Abstract: In Italy, discussions are currently ongoing to implement a front-of-pack nutrition label (FoPL) while a growing number of European countries are adopting the Nutri-Score. The effectiveness of the Nutri-Score among Italian consumers requires further investigation. This study compared five FoPLs among Italian participants (Health Star Rating system, multiple traffic lights, Nutri-Score, reference intakes, warning symbol) in terms of food choices and understanding of the labels by consumers. In 2019, 1032 Italian consumers completed an online survey in which they were asked to select one product they would likely purchase from a set of three foods with different nutrient profiles and then classify the products within the set according to their nutritional quality, first with no label and then with one of the five FoPLs on the pack. While no significant difference across labels was observed for food choices, the Nutri-Score demonstrated the highest overall performance in helping consumers to correctly rank the products according to their nutritional quality compared to the reference intakes (OR = 2.18 (1.50–3.17), p-value 0.0001). Our results provide new insights on the effectiveness of the Nutri-Score, which would be a relevant tool to inform Italian consumers on the nutritional quality of food products.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 09-10-2020
Abstract: Promoting engagement in formal volunteering represents a potential means of facilitating healthy aging. Given reluctance to participate in volunteering has been partially attributed to negative perceptions of various aspects of this activity, this study assessed whether trialing volunteering can improve perceptions among older people. Using a parallel-group design, Australians aged 60+ years ( n = 445) were randomly assigned to one of two conditions, one in which they were encouraged to trial volunteering and one in which they were asked to continue their usual activities. Perceptions and attitudes among those in the volunteering condition became significantly more favorable over 6 months relative to those in the control condition, with this change predicted by several aspects of the volunteering experience (e.g., acquisition of skills, increased social connectedness). Providing access to roles that cater to the learning and social needs of older adults appears to be important for improving attitudes toward engaging in volunteer work.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2015
Abstract: This study qualitatively explored Western Australian school leavers' alcohol-related experiences during the Schoolies period to generate insights for the purpose of intervention design. This is in the context of an impending change in the age of Western Australian students completing secondary school which, for the first time, will see around half being of legal age to purchase alcohol. Fifty-four 18-21-year-olds provided reflections via an emailed introspection on their experiences in the immediate post-school period. This provided access to the views of those who chose to attend events and consume large amounts of alcohol, those who attended events but refrained from excessive alcohol consumption, and those who elected to either avoid Schoolies events or engage in alternative celebrations. The data were coded and analysed using NVivo10. Three primary themes were identified that related to the perceived role of alcohol during Schoolies, the range of associated rite-of-passage rituals, and the strategies used by some Leavers to avoid alcohol and its consequences during the Schoolies period. Students and parents constitute important target groups for interventions designed to address alcohol-related harms during Schoolies. In the WA context, legislation on secondary supply and controlled purchase, as recommended by health and police authorities, could reduce harms that are likely to result from the change in the age of school leavers. Suggestions for alternative pastimes to promote to school leavers are provided.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 02-07-2020
DOI: 10.1017/S0144686X1900076X
Abstract: Despite the well-documented health benefits of physical activity in older adults, participation levels remain low. With rapid global population ageing, intensive efforts are needed to encourage higher levels of participation to ameliorate the negative effects of physical inactivity for older in iduals and society as a whole. The aim of this qualitative study was to inform future physical activity promotion interventions by examining factors contributing to low activity levels among older people undertaking less than half the recommended level of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 102 (65% female) community-dwelling Western Australians aged 60+ years (mean = 71.52, standard deviation = 6.26) who engaged in ⩽75 minutes of MVPA per week as measured by accelerometers. Several modifiable and unmodifiable barriers were identified, of which poor health featured most prominently. Lifetime physical inactivity, caring duties, low motivation, misperceptions of physical activity and ageing, and a lack of affordable and attractive options were the other barriers identified. The results suggest that strategies are needed to raise awareness of current physical activity guidelines, normalise engagement in MVPA throughout the lifespan, develop initiatives to motivate participation, improve the availability of affordable physical activity programmes that are attractive to this population segment, and facilitate participation among those with intensive caring responsibilities.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 07-10-2022
DOI: 10.3390/NU14194173
Abstract: Front-of-pack (FoP) warning labels are a viable policy option with the potential to inform consumer choice and assist in reducing sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption as part of a multi-faceted approach. This study explored parents’ perceptions and understanding of a range of SSB warning labels. Focus groups (n = 12) with 82 parents of school-aged children were conducted, stratified according to education level, sex and location. Health effects, exercise equivalents, sugar content (teaspoons in text and pictograms, “high in”) and energy content labels were shown. Through thematic analysis we identified three themes. Theme 1 related to perceptions of effectiveness of labels, underpinned by four subthemes: perceptions of labels as credible, informative and useful, personally relevant and having the potential to change be haviour. Theme 2 related to participants finding opportunities for self-exemption (e.g., physically active) and message rejection (e.g., misinterpretation). Theme 3 encompassed the potential negative consequences of some labels (e.g., body image concerns). The text teaspoons label was perceived most favourably across all themes, with minimal negative issues raised. These results provide in-depth insight into potential responses to labelling as a policy intervention, providing important guidance for the development of labels to ensure optimal message content and framing for future testing and subsequent implementation.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 25-08-2017
DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2016.1223334
Abstract: Participation rates of older people in resistance training (RT) are low despite increasing research showing many health benefits. To increase the number of older people participating in RT it is important to know what would motivate people to become involved, what motivates those who participate to continue, and the factors preventing many older people from commencing participation. To investigate these issues, a questionnaire was mailed to three groups of older people: (1) those receiving home care services, (2) members of a peak non-government seniors' organisation and (3) those participating in a specific gym-based RT programme. In total, 1327 questionnaires were returned (response rate = 42.5%). To feel good physically and mentally were the main reasons motivating participation among all three groups, and falls prevention was identified as an important motivator for the home care respondents. Pain, injury and illness were the main barriers to participating, or continuing to participate. However, medical advice was a factor influencing participation commencement. The results suggest organisations providing RT programmes for older people should tailor the promotion and delivery of programmes to address key motivators and barriers specific to each group to increase the proportion of older people initiating and continuing to engage in RT.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 30-03-2021
DOI: 10.1093/NTR/NTAB023
Abstract: Health authorities are advising smokers to quit to reduce their COVID-related risk. The types of messages that may be effective in alerting smokers to this risk and encouraging a quit attempt are unknown. The aim of this study was to test a series of messages to identify potentially effective communication approaches. An online survey was completed by 1509 smokers across three countries (Australia: n = 604 New Zealand: n = 304 United Kingdom: n = 601) in April–May 2020. Respondents were randomly assigned to view just one of four quit messages, two of which explicitly referred to the coronavirus, one referred to risk of chest infection, and one encouraged cessation for financial reasons. Outcome variables included quit intentions, further information seeking, message perceptions, and health and financial concerns. All four messages were associated with significant differences in the proportions of respondents intending to quit within the following 2 wk (increase range: 11%–34%) and with substantial proportions of respondents electing to access additional information (range: 37%–50%). The differences in intentions were significantly larger for the two health-related messages that specifically mentioned the coronavirus. All messages were perceived favorably in terms of acceptability, believability, effectiveness, and personal relevance. Negligible differences in health and financial concerns were observed. Smokers in Australia, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom appear likely to be receptive to messages about their COVID-related risk. Such messages have the potential to increase quit intentions and prompt information-seeking behaviors. The COVID-19 pandemic represents an opportunity to encourage smokers to quit to reduce both their COVID-related risks and their risks of a broad range of noncommunicable diseases.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2022
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 13-06-2008
DOI: 10.1108/13522750810879048
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the benefits of tasting as a projective technique (PT) in explicating consumers' thoughts and feelings towards food and beverage products. In total, ten focus groups were conducted with 35 consumers, 14 wine producers, and 13 mediators. The mediator category included those involved in marketing, wholesaling, retailing, and judging wine. Participants in each focus group were given the same four wines to taste. Initially they were invited to discuss their views on wine quality. The participants were then presented with the wines and asked to discuss their responses to them, particularly their perceptions of the quality of the wines. The primary findings related to: the changes in apparent certainty levels amongst professionals and high‐involvement informants exposure of real and contradictory preferences role of cognitive, affective, and sensory responses to wine and interpretation of the language of tasting. Tasting as a PT has the potential to generate additional and insightful data that can increase our appreciation of the complexities involved in consumption experiences. In particular, it can reveal the uncertainty that can affect consumers' product evaluations and explicate the multiple evaluation pathways that can be used by consumers of food and beverage products. The paper is of value in showing that the ability of PTs to yield both stated and actual preferences provides insight into the salient external factors that impact on consumption decisions and gives an indication of where marketers could most effectively focus their product development and promotional attention.
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 10-12-2021
DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0261280
Abstract: Industry self-regulation is the dominant approach to managing alcohol advertising in Australia and many other countries. There is a need to explore the barriers to government adoption of more effective regulatory approaches. This study examined relevance and quality features of evidence cited by industry and non-industry actors in their submissions to Australian alcohol advertising policy consultations. Submissions to two public consultations with a primary focus on alcohol advertising policy were analysed. Submissions (n = 71) were classified into their actor type (industry or non-industry) and according to their expressed support for, or opposition to, increased regulation of alcohol advertising. Details of cited evidence were extracted and coded against a framework adapted from previous research (primary codes: subject matter relevance, type of publication, time since publication, and independence from industry). Evidence was also classified as featuring indicators of higher quality if it was either published in a peer-reviewed journal or academic source, published within 10 years of the consultation, and/or had no apparent industry connection. Almost two-thirds of submissions were from industry actors (n = 45 submissions from alcohol, advertising, or sporting industries). With few exceptions, industry actor submissions opposed increased regulation of alcohol advertising and non-industry actor submissions supported increased regulation. Industry actors cited substantially less evidence than non-industry actors, both per submission and in total. Only 27% of evidence cited by industry actors was highly relevant and featured at least two indicators of higher quality compared to 58% of evidence cited by non-industry actors. Evaluation of the value of the evidentiary contribution of industry actors to consultations on alcohol advertising policy appears to be limited. Modifications to consultation processes, such as exclusion of industry actors, quality requirements for submitted evidence, minimum standards for referencing evidence, and requirements to declare potential conflicts, may improve the public health outcomes of policy consultations.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2021
DOI: 10.1016/J.JAND.2021.11.018
Abstract: In parallel with growing consumer interest in reducing sugar intake, manufacturers have increased availability of food and beverage products containing nonnutritive sweeteners (NNSs). However, emerging evidence indicates that specific NNS types have differential effects on cardiometabolic health. This study examined overall changes in the presence of NNSs, sugar alcohols, and free sugars in the Australian food supply and the use of specific NNS types. Data for 21,051 products in 2015 and 21,366 products in 2019 were extracted from The George Institute's FoodSwitch database. The proportion of products containing NNSs, sugar alcohols, free sugars, and a combination of these, as well as proportion of products containing specific NNS types. Changes between 2015 and 2019 were examined using Pearson χ Between 2015 and 2019, there was a significant increase in the proportion of food and beverage products containing NNSs (from 3.8% to 4.3% P < .001) and a significant decrease in products containing free sugars (from 62.7% to 59.9% P < .001),) driven primarily by nondairy beverages. There were changes in the use of specific NNS types between 2015 and 2019, with a large increase in the use of steviol glycosides (from 33.7% to 50.2%) and a large decrease in the use of sucralose (from 42.4% to 30.5%), aspartame (from 21.0% to 14.4%), and acesulfame K (from 57.4% to 27.7%) (P < .05 for all). These findings on the use of different NNS, sugar alcohol, and free sugar ingredients and combinations provide important research insights and will be useful in informing government policies that address sugars and other sweeteners in Australian foods.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-12-2017
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 17-10-2022
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.DRUGPO.2017.09.011
Abstract: Social norms relating to youth substance use are changing. In Australia, alcohol use among adolescents has fallen dramatically and tobacco and cannabis use have also reduced, albeit more moderately. The aim of the present study was to identify (i) factors associated with compliance with recommendations for zero intake of alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis and (ii) factors associated with poly drug use (intake of all three substances). As part of the Young Minds Matter Study, a self-report survey was administered to 1661 Australian adolescents aged 15-17 years. The survey included items relating to: substance use psychological, social, and protective factors and demographic characteristics. Probit regression analyses were conducted to generate a model of factors associated with abstinence from all three substances and a model of factors associated with the use of all three substances. While there were substantial differences between the two models indicating that different factors may influence the initiation of substance use versus poly drug use, there were also several common factors that operated in opposite directions. These were child age, degree of parental supervision and monitoring, the experience of externalising problems, and a diagnosis of major depression. The results highlight the potential utility of targeting high-risk youth by identifying (i) parents' supervision and monitoring behaviours and (ii) children's externalising problems and symptoms of depression. Directly addressing these factors in substance-use interventions may delay or prevent initiation while also reducing the likelihood of adolescents engaging in poly drug use.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.APPET.2016.11.034
Abstract: There is strong interest in front-of-pack labels (FoPLs) as a potential mechanism for improving diets, and therefore health, at the population level. The present study examined Australian consumers' preferences for different types and attributes of FoPLs to provide additional insights into optimal methods of presenting nutrition information on the front of food packets. Much research to date has focused on two main types of FoPLs - those expressing daily intake values for specific nutrients and those utilising 'traffic light' colour coding. This study extends this work by: (i) including the new Health Star Rating system recently introduced in Australia and New Zealand (ii) allowing a large s le of consumers to self-nominate the evaluation criteria they consider to be most important in choosing between FoPLs (iii) overs ling consumers of lower socioeconomic status and (iv) including children, who consume and purchase food in their own right and also influence their parents' food purchase decisions. A cross-sectional online survey of 2058 Australian consumers (1558 adults and 500 children) assessed preferences between a daily intake FoPL, a traffic light FoPL, and the Health Star Rating FoPL. Across the whole s le and among all respondent subgroups (males vs females adults vs children lower socioeconomic status vs medium-high socioeconomic status normal weight vs overweight/obese), the Health Star Rating was the most preferred FoPL (44%) and the daily intake guide was the least preferred (20%). The reasons most commonly provided by respondents to explain their preference related to ease of use, interpretive content, and salience. The findings suggest that a simple to use, interpretive, star-based food label represents a population-based nutrition promotion strategy that is considered helpful by a broad range of consumers.
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 12-11-2020
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 13-04-2023
DOI: 10.1111/DAR.13657
Abstract: Some parents provide alcohol to their underage children, despite a range of negative outcomes being associated with this practice. The present study aimed to assess factors associated with and changes in parental provision behaviours from 2013 to 2019 in Western Australia. Annual cross‐sectional online surveys were conducted (total n = 2635). Assessed variables included parents' demographic characteristics, alcohol use, awareness of the relevant Australian alcohol guideline, attitudes to parental provision of alcohol and provision behaviours. A binary logistic generalised linear model was used to identify factors associated with parental provision of alcohol. Parental provision of alcohol prevalence decreased from 40% in 2013 to 27% in 2019. The following variables were significantly associated with parental provision: permissive attitudes to provision ( β = 2.82) older parental age ( β = 1.28) a lack of knowledge of the relevant guideline ( β = 0.78) survey year ( β = 0.083) and greater alcohol use ( β = 1.12). Socioeconomic position was not associated with parental provision. Female parents were more likely to report that an adult in the household provided children with alcohol ( β = 1.3) The findings suggest that (i) although still commonplace, parental provision of alcohol to minors in Western Australia has declined over time and (ii) the effectiveness of c aigns aiming to reduce this behaviour may be enhanced by targeting households with parents who are older and heavier drinkers and by including content that challenges permissive views on alcohol provision to minors.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 25-03-2021
DOI: 10.1017/S1368980021001294
Abstract: Online meal ordering services are increasing in popularity in Australia and globally. Meals ordered online for home delivery are typically less healthy than home-made meals, potentially contributing to weight gain. The aim of the present study was to identify the types of consumers who are most likely to engage in online meal ordering. A cross-sectional survey including items relating to demographic and lifestyle factors was disseminated via a web panel provider. Australia. A total of 2010 Australian adults aged 18+ years. More than a quarter of respondents (28 %) engaged in online meal ordering at least once in the previous month. Younger respondents, those with a higher BMI, and those with higher education and income levels were more likely to have done so. Consuming higher levels of sugary drinks and fast-food restaurant patronage were significantly associated with ordering meals online for home delivery. The outcomes of this study suggest that the use of online meal ordering services is becoming a common practice in Australia, and it is therefore important to implement evidence-based strategies and policies to encourage in iduals to make healthy food choices when using these services.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 2009
DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0B013E3181876A56
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of an 8-week resistance training program on children who were overweight or obese. Forty-eight children (n = 26 girls and 22 boys mean age = 9.7 years) participated in an 8-week undulating periodized resistance training program for 3 d x wk-1. Measures of body composition via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, anthropometry, strength, and power were made before and after the training intervention. There was a significant decrease in absolute percent body fat of 2.6%(p = 0.003) and a significant increase in lean body mass of 5.3% (p = 0.07). There were no significant changes in height, weight, body mass index, total fat mass, or bone mineral content. There were significant increases in 1-repetition maximum squat (74%), number of push-ups (85%), countermovement jump height (8%), static jump height (4%), and power (16%). These results demonstrate that the resistance training program implemented produces significant changes in body composition and strength and power measures, as well as being well tolerated by the participants. An undulating periodized program provides variation and significantly increases lean body mass, decreases percent body fat, and increases strength and power in children who are overweight and obese.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 13-08-2016
Abstract: To conduct a systematic review of studies exploring the relationship between exposure to Internet-based alcohol-related content and alcohol use among young people. Searches of electronic databases and reference lists of relevant articles were conducted to retrieve studies of relevance up until December 2015. Full texts of the studies that met the inclusion criteria were read, appraised for quality using the Kmet forms and guidelines, and included in this review. Fifteen relevant studies were identified. The included studies were a mix of cross-sectional, longitudinal, experimental and qualitative studies conducted in the USA, the UK, Australia and New Zealand. The age range of the participants involved in these studies was 12-25 years. Included studies employed a variety of study designs and a range of different exposure variables and outcome measures. Studies demonstrated significant associations between exposure to Internet-based alcohol-related content and intentions to drink and positive attitudes towards alcohol drinking among young people. Exposure to alcohol-related content on the Internet might predispose young people to patterns of alcohol use by promoting alcohol as a natural and vital part of life. However, the research exploring the influence of this novel form of advertising on young people's alcohol use is emergent, and comprised primarily of cross-sectional studies. To evaluate the direction of the association between exposure to online alcohol-related content and alcohol use, we call for further research based on longitudinal designs. From 15 relevant studies identified, this review reports significant associations between exposure to Internet-based alcohol-related content and intentions to drink and positive attitudes towards alcohol drinking among young people, with different influences found at different stages of alcohol use.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2021
DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.3884935
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 20-05-2016
DOI: 10.1017/S1368980015001536
Abstract: For more than 20 years, the FOODcents adult nutrition education programme has been delivered to Western Australians. The aim of the programme is to provide disadvantaged in iduals with the knowledge, skills and motivation to buy healthy foods on a limited budget. The present study evaluated whether the FOODcents curriculum and the way it is delivered are effective in improving participants’ nutrition-related knowledge and behaviours. Evaluation data were collected via in-session pre–post questionnaires and a post-course online questionnaire. Western Australia. Data were collected from participants attending just over one-half (54 %) of the FOODcents courses conducted over the two-year evaluation period. In total, 927 course participants provided usable data. After exposure to the course, respondents demonstrated an improved ability to: (i) categorize foods according to the frequency with which they should be consumed and the proportion of the food budget that should be allocated to them (ii) correctly interpret nutrition labels on food products and (iii) appreciate the link between diet/obesity and a range of diseases. Improvements in the latter were especially pronounced among participants of low socio-economic status. In terms of behaviour change, significant improvements in fruit and vegetable consumption were reported, along with reductions in the consumption of fast food. Participants of low socio-economic status reported the greatest changes. The results indicate that the FOODcents nutrition education programme improves participants’ nutrition-related knowledge and behaviours.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 04-02-2021
Abstract: Obesity and diet-related health problems are complex, multi-factorial issues. In idual food choices are shaped by the wider context, and food environment level change is needed to support in idual behaviour change. The food service sector can play an integral role, changing aspects of the food environment and contributing to improved consumer health. This systematic review aimed to analyse food service schemes that aimed to improve consumer health. Ten electronic databases were systematically searched to identify articles, supplemented with checking of reference lists from similar reviews and forward and backward searches to identify articles describing food service sector schemes. Sixteen schemes were identified, documented in 36 articles/reports. The schemes aimed to improve consumer health through one of three approaches—informing, enabling or engineering. In this order, these approaches involved increasing levels of effort from food services, corresponding with decreasing levels of effort for consumers. Half the schemes were informing, relying on an informed consumer to make a healthy choice. Most informing schemes had been evaluated to determine their impact on consumer choice and/or health, the evidence showed these schemes were generally ineffective. The effect of the enabling or engineering schemes on consumer choice and health had not been measured. Instead, evaluations focussed on process or business engagement rather than behavioural change assessments. This review indicates the food sector has the potential to contribute to consumer health through enabling and engineering however, detailed outcome assessments are needed to draw definitive conclusions.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.SOCSCIMED.2015.09.025
Abstract: Adult nutrition education is an important component of broader societal efforts to address the high prevalence of nutrition-related diseases. In Australia, Aboriginal people are a critical target group for such programs because of their substantially higher rates of these diseases. The aim of this study was to assess the relative effectiveness of an adult nutrition education program for Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal participants. Pre-and post-course evaluation data were used to assess changes in confidence in ability to buy healthy foods on a budget, nutrition knowledge, and dietary behaviours among in iduals attending FOODcents nutrition education courses. The total s le of 875 Western Australians included 169 who self-identified as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander. Perceptions of course usefulness were very high and comparable between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal participants. Significantly larger improvements in confidence, nutrition knowledge, and reported consumption behaviours were evident among Aboriginal participants. The findings suggest that adult nutrition education programs that address specific knowledge and skill deficits that are common among disadvantaged groups can be effective for multiple target groups, and may also assist in reducing nutrition-related inequalities.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-12-2016
DOI: 10.1007/S10995-015-1887-7
Abstract: Introduction Various forms of social media are used by many mothers to maintain social ties and manage the stress associated with their parenting roles and responsibilities. 'Mommy blogging' as a specific type of social media usage is a common and growing phenomenon, but little is known about mothers' blogging-related experiences and how these may contribute to their wellbeing. This exploratory study investigated the blogging-related motivations and goals of Australian mothers. Methods An online survey was emailed to members of an Australian online parenting community. The survey included open-ended questions that invited respondents to discuss their motivations and goals for blogging. A thematic analysis using a grounded approach was used to analyze the qualitative data obtained from 235 mothers. Results Five primary motivations for blogging were identified: developing connections with others, experiencing heightened levels of mental stimulation, achieving self-validation, contributing to the welfare of others, and extending skills and abilities. Discussion These motivations are discussed in terms of their various properties and dimensions to illustrate how these mothers appear to use blogging to enhance their psychological wellbeing.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2023
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2021
DOI: 10.1016/J.ADDBEH.2021.107004
Abstract: Alcohol is a major source of harm worldwide. The aim of this study was to experimentally assess the effects of exposing Australian adult drinkers to combinations of 'why to reduce' and 'how to reduce' alcohol harm-reduction messages. Three online surveys were administered over six weeks: Time 1 at baseline (n = 7,995), Time 2 at three weeks post-baseline (n = 4,588), and Time 3 at six weeks post-baseline (n = 2,687). Participants were randomly assigned to one of eight conditions: (1) a control condition (2) a 'why to reduce' television advertisement (3-5) one of three 'how to reduce' messages referring to the following protective behavioral strategies (PBSs): Keep count of your drinks, Decide how many drinks and stick to it, It's okay to say no and (6-8) the television advertisement combined with each PBS message in idually. Intention-to-treat analyses were conducted to determine effects of condition assignment on changes over time in attempts to reduce alcohol consumption and amount of alcohol consumed. Participants assigned to the 'TV ad' and 'TV ad + Keep count of your drinks PBS' conditions reported significant increases in attempts to reduce alcohol consumption. Only participants assigned to the 'TV ad + Keep count of your drinks PBS' condition exhibited a significant reduction in alcohol consumed (-0.87 drinks per person per week). Well-executed 'why to reduce' alcohol harm-reduction advertisements can encourage drinkers to attempt to reduce their alcohol consumption. These ads may be effectively supplemented by specific 'how to reduce' messages designed to encourage drinkers to monitor their intake.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 13-10-2011
Abstract: Growing segment size and increasing affluence have resulted in a substantial increase in the purchasing power of the senior market. Seniors spend a higher proportion of their total expenditure on services relative to younger consumers, making them an important target market for many service providers. However, seniors' particular concern with the social aspects of service delivery has been recognized as an important managerial issue. To provide further insight into this issue, in-depth interviews and projective techniques were conducted with 60 Scottish seniors of erse demographic profiles. The findings support previous research indicating that seniors may evaluate service encounters primarily according to the social benefits resulting from them. In the present study, the social benefits sought appeared to be largely determined by seniors' social identities, which were influenced by past experiences as customers and employees. A model of how seniors evaluate their service encounter interactions is suggested, and managerial implications and directions for further research are provided. In particular, the model emphasizes the need for service providers to appreciate the characteristics of frontline service staff that are conducive to satisfactory service encounters for seniors.
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 16-06-2022
Abstract: Providing information about the sugar content of packaged foods on product labels is an important strategy to lower consumers' sugar intake. This study assessed the effect of exposure to different sugar labels on consumers' understanding of the sugar content of foods and their food choices. In the first phase, five focus groups were conducted with a convenience s le of Brazilian adults to explore their perceptions about food labelling in general and sugar labelling in particular. Based on the qualitative results, four sugar label formats were developed and subsequently tested in a five-arm study on 1,277 adults via a randomised controlled online survey. The formats were: (i) no sugar information—control, (ii) total and added sugar content displayed in the Nutrition Information Panel (NIP), (iii) a front-of-package (FoP) octagonal warning for “high-in-sugar” products, (iv) a FoP magnifying glass warning for “high-in-sugar” products, and (v) a “high-in-sugar” warning text embedded on the NIP. Participants from the focus groups reported being confused about the meaning of “sugar” and “added sugar” on food labels and indicated that more interpretive labels, such as the FoP warnings, would help them choose products with low sugar content. In the experiment, all intervention sugar label formats improved participants' understanding of the sugar content of the tested food products, with the FoP warnings (iii and iv) showing the best results. While non-significant differences among label conditions were observed for food choices, the FoP octagonal warning prompted participants to choose high-in-sugar products less often. Given current public policy agendas aiming to reduce added sugar intake, there is a need to strengthen food labelling policies and nutrition disclosure policies that target the display of added sugar and build consumer awareness in using these tools to avoid high-in-sugar products.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 28-09-2020
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 19-07-2023
DOI: 10.3390/SU151411245
Abstract: (1) Background: The automation of transport systems is well underway however, it is unclear how this will affect people’s mobility choices. Changes in these choices have implications for health and the sustainability and efficiency of transport systems, making it important to understand how the advent of autonomous vehicles might affect people’s transport behaviors. The aim of the present study was to address this knowledge gap in the Australian context. (2) Methods: Respondents reported their demographic information, current transport behaviors, the perceived importance of transport-related factors, and attitudes toward autonomous vehicles. They then read a vignette describing a future scenario involving autonomous vehicles that was informed by expert stakeholders. After reading the vignette, the respondents selected those transport options that they would anticipate using in the depicted scenario. Descriptive analyses were conducted to examine changes in transport choices, while regression models were employed to identify the predictors of choices in the future scenario. (3) Results: Most respondents envisaged making greater use of active, shared, and public transport options in an autonomous future, compared to their current use of these options. The intended use of private transport options halved. The most consistent predictor for selecting a certain mode of transport was the current use of that option or its non-autonomous equivalent. (4) Conclusion: Overall, favorable changes in the envisaged use of transport were observed for the hypothetical scenario, which was characterized by improved public transport, a practical active transport infrastructure, and relatively cheap shared autonomous vehicles. If policymakers can act to realize these outcomes, the autonomation of transport is likely to lead to positive societal change.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-2017
DOI: 10.2147/CIA.S128324
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-06-2015
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 11-02-2020
Abstract: The aim of this pilot study was to assess whether the installation of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) meters in secondary schools has the potential to improve adolescents’ sun protection-related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours and reduce their exposure to UVR during school hours. Data were collected from students at two schools via online pre- and post-intervention surveys, measurement of sunscreen usage, polysulfone UVR exposure badges, and photographs of the schoolyards to assess hat and shade use. Several operational issues limited the quantity and quality of data that could be collected, and findings were mixed. While there were no significant changes in either self-reported or observed sun protection behaviours, there were significant improvements in UVR knowledge among students at the intervention school, and reactions to the meter were highly favourable. Students reported consulting the meter regularly and using it to make decisions about their sun protection behaviours. Overall, the study results offer some support for the use of UVR meters in areas frequented by adolescents and provide insights into the process issues that are likely to need to be addressed when attempting to trial sun protection interventions in schools.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 18-07-2018
DOI: 10.1017/S1368980018001702
Abstract: By clearly conveying the healthiness of a food, front-of-pack (FOP) labels have the potential to influence the portion size considered appropriate for consumption. The present study examined the how the Daily Intake Guide (DIG), Multiple Traffic Lights (MTL) and Health Star Rating (HSR) FOP labels affect judgements of appropriate portion sizes of unhealthy foods compared with when no FOP label is present. Respondents viewed mock packages of unhealthy variations of pizzas, cookies, yoghurts and cornflakes featuring the DIG, MTL, HSR or no FOP label, and indicated the portion size they believed should be eaten of each food on a single occasion. The survey was completed on the respondent’s personal computer. A total of 1505 Australian adults provided 4166 ratings across 192 mock packages relating to four product categories: pizza, yoghurt, cornflakes and cookies. Compared with no FOP label, the HSR resulted in a small but significant reduction in the portion size selected as appropriate for consumption of pizzas and cornflakes ( P ·05). The MTL resulted in smaller portions of cornflakes being selected compared with no FOP label ( P ·05). Respondents perceived smaller portion sizes as appropriate for some, but not all, of the foods tested when FOP labels with more interpretative formats (HSR, MTL) appeared on-pack compared with no FOP label. No effect was found for the less interpretive FOP label (the DIG). Interpretive FOP labels may have the potential to influence portion size judgements, albeit at modest levels.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 18-01-2016
DOI: 10.1093/HER/CYV067
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 10-2005
DOI: 10.1108/07363760510623894
Abstract: The senior market is becoming more attractive as older consumers come to comprise a greater proportion of the population and control a greater proportion of national assets. The purpose of this study was to examine older shoppers' experiences in Australian supermarkets to identify the three issues of most concern to seniors and provide practical recommendations to managers. Six focus groups yielded the three major issues which were then tested via a national telephone survey ( n =505). The major issues identified included the demeanour of supermarket employees, the functionality of shopping equipment (i.e. trolleys and baskets), and the appropriate placement of products on supermarket shelves. Respondents considered these issues to be personally relevant and important to seniors in general. Supermarket managers should develop strategies to ensure staff are recruited and trained in such a fashion as to enable them to engage in satisfying interactions with older customers. Other areas requiring attention include thorough product stocking to prevent over‐reaching and the provision of well‐designed and functioning shopping aids in the form of trolleys and baskets. Further issues raised in the focus groups that are worthy of consideration by supermarket managers and other retailers are merchandise quality, adequate access to and within the store, in‐store amenities, home delivery options, seniors' discounts, and avoiding extended queuing. These service aspects appear to be of particular importance to older shoppers. The findings support previous research that has highlighted the need for retailers to take seniors' needs into consideration in service provision.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 21-03-2017
Abstract: The presence of health claims on food packaging can positively bias consumers' evaluations of foods. This review examined whether cognitive biases endure when other sources of nutrition information [the nutrition facts panel (NFP) and front-of-pack labels] appear on-pack with health claims. The following databases were searched: Web of Science, Ovid, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Scopus, ProQuest, and Wiley Online Library. The search terms ("health claim*" OR "nutri* claim") AND ("food label*" OR "front of pack") were used to identify studies. Twenty-four studies that examined health claims and front-of-pack labels or the NFP were included. The NFP can reduce bias, but only if consumers view it and interpret it correctly, which often does not occur. Front-of-pack labels show greater promise in reducing bias created by health claims. These findings are relevant to policymakers who are considering the effectiveness of mandating an NFP and/or a front-of-pack label alongside health claims.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 22-10-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.JNEB.2013.01.025
Abstract: To explore the role of food labeling among low-income families with overweight children. A longitudinal, qualitative study involving interviews, focus groups, and self-introspections. Perth, Western Australia. Thirty-seven low-income parents (35 mothers, 2 fathers) of overweight children. Recruitment was performed by a social research company to access low-income parents residing across Perth. Extent to which disadvantaged parents of overweight children engage with nutrition labeling on food products. Transcripts were imported into NVivo 9 for coding and analysis. Nutrition labeling had low salience for most study participants when purchasing food for their overweight children. Few recognized that their children had a weight problem, and as such they experienced little motivation to access or use nutrition labeling when purchasing foods for their children. An exception was apparent among some parents who were particularly concerned about food additives and actively interrogated ingredients lists to facilitate avoiding products containing contraindicated additives. Policy makers seeking to address obesity through food labeling may need to address low levels of salience among disadvantaged families, who are more likely to suffer weight problems and are thus most in need of effective food labeling.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2015
Abstract: To examine Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) tactics by identifying the key characteristics of CSR strategies as described in the corporate documents of selected 'Big Food' companies. A mixed methods content analysis was used to analyse the information contained on Australian Big Food company websites. Data sources included company CSR reports and web-based content that related to CSR initiatives employed in Australia. A total of 256 CSR activities were identified across six organisations. Of these, the majority related to the categories of environment (30.5%), responsibility to consumers (25.0%) or community (19.5%). Big Food companies appear to be using CSR activities to: 1) build brand image through initiatives associated with the environment and responsibility to consumers 2) target parents and children through community activities and 3) align themselves with respected organisations and events in an effort to transfer their positive image attributes to their own brands. Results highlight the type of CSR strategies Big Food companies are employing. These findings serve as a guide to mapping and monitoring CSR as a specific form of marketing.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 27-02-2018
DOI: 10.1111/ADD.14147
Abstract: To compare the immediate effects on drinkers of television advertisements focusing upon short- versus long-term harms with and without low-risk drinking guidelines. Between-participants on-line experiment, with random assignment to view: (a) alcohol product advertisements (ALC control) (b) advertisements unrelated to alcohol (NON-ALC control) (c) advertisements featuring short-term harms (STH) of alcohol (d) advertisements featuring STH plus a STH guideline (STH+G) (e) advertisements featuring long-term harms (LTH) or (f) advertisements featuring LTH plus a LTH guideline (LTH+G). Australia, 2016. A total of 3718 drinkers aged 18-64 years (48.5% male). Post-exposure likelihood that participants provided a correct estimate of drinking levels associated with short- and long-term harms post-exposure intentions to avoid alcohol or reduce consumption. After exposure to STH+G or LTH+G advertisements, participants were more likely to estimate correctly rather than overestimate drinking levels associated with harm, compared with those exposed to STH (P < 0.001) and LTH advertisements without guidelines, respectively (P = 0.019) and ALC control (STH+G, P < 0.001 LTH+G, P < 0.001) and NON-ALC control conditions (STH+G, P < 0.001 LTH+G, P = 0.011). Drinkers exposed to STH conditions were more likely to intend to reduce next-week alcohol consumption than those exposed to ALC control (both P < 0.001) and NON-ALC control conditions (STH, P = 0.001 STH+G, P < 0.001) a similar pattern was observed for intentions to avoid alcohol. Drinkers exposed to LTH conditions were also more likely than drinkers exposed to ALC or NON-ALC controls to intend to avoid and reduce alcohol in the next week. Additionally, drinkers exposed to LTH+G were more likely to intend to reduce drinking than those exposed to LTH advertisements without guidelines (P = 0.022). Response patterns for low- and high-risk drinkers by condition were similar. Alcohol harm television advertisements increase intentions to reduce alcohol consumption among both low- and high-risk drinkers. The addition of low-risk drinking guidelines can enhance these effects for advertisements featuring long-term harms and improve estimates of both short- and long-term harmful drinking levels.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2023
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-05-2016
DOI: 10.1111/ADD.13296
Abstract: The alcohol industry produces 'responsible drinking' advertising c aigns. There is concern that these may promote drinking while persuading governments and the general public that the industry is acting responsibly. This paper examined young people's thoughts and feelings in response to one of these c aigns in Australia. A qualitative analysis of introspection data provided by young drinkers after exposure to a responsible drinking advertisement produced by DrinkWise called 'How to Drink Properly'. Perth, Western Australia. Forty-eight 18-21-year-old drinkers. The qualitative data were imported into NVivo10 and coded according to the various stages of advertising effects frameworks. A thematic analysis approach was used to identify patterns in the data relating to (i) perceptions of the source and purpose of the advertisement and (ii) any resulting attitudinal or behavioural outcomes. Despite the s le comprising mainly high-risk drinkers, participants were generally unable to relate to the heavy drinkers depicted in the DrinkWise advertisement. This disassociation resulted in a perceived lack of need to modify their own drinking behaviours. Instead, the study participants found the advertisement to be entertaining and supportive of existing social norms relating to heavy drinking among members of this age group. The 'How to Drink Properly' advertisement by Drinkwise in Australia may reinforce existing drinking attitudes and behaviours among young drinkers.
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 09-2020
DOI: 10.1136/BMJOPEN-2019-035569
Abstract: Conduct a head-to-head experimental test of responses to alcohol harm reduction advertisements developed by alcohol industry Social Aspects/Public Relations Organisations (SAPROs) versus those developed by public health (PH) agencies. We hypothesised that, on average, SAPRO advertisements would be less effective at generating motivation (H1) and intentions to reduce alcohol consumption (H2) but more effective at generating positive perceptions of people who drink (H3). Online experiment with random assignment to condition. 2923 Australian adult weekly drinkers (49% high-risk drinkers) recruited from an opt-in online panel. Participants viewed 3 of 83 advertisements developed by PH agencies (n=2174) or 3 of 28 advertisements developed by SAPROs (n=749). Participants reported their motivation to reduce the amount of alcohol consumed behave responsibly and/or not get drunk and limit their drinking around/never supply to minors, as well as intentions to avoid drinking alcohol completely reduce the number of drinking occasions and reduce the amount of alcohol consumed per occasion. Participants also reported their perceptions of people who drink alcohol on six success-related items and four fun-related items. Compared with drinkers exposed to PH advertisements, those exposed to SAPRO advertisements reported lower motivation to reduce the amount of alcohol consumed (β=−0.091, 95% CI −0.171 to −0.010), and lower odds of intending to avoid alcohol completely (OR=0.77, 0.63 to 0.94) and to reduce the amount of alcohol consumed per occasion (OR=0.82, 0.69 to 0.97). SAPRO advertisements generated more favourable fun-related perceptions of drinkers (β=0.095, 0.013 to 0.177). The alcohol harm reduction advertisements produced by alcohol industry SAPROs that were tested in this study were not as effective at generating motivation and intentions to reduce alcohol consumption as those developed by PH organisations. These findings raise questions as to whether SAPROs should play a role in alcohol harm reduction efforts.
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 03-08-2021
DOI: 10.1136/BMJ.N1879
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2018
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 11-02-2022
DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2021.1884845
Abstract: Volunteering has been identified as a potential mechanism for improving the psychosocial health of older adults. Utilizing a randomized controlled trial approach, the present study assessed the extent to which commencing volunteering can improve psychosocial health outcomes for older people. Fully retired Australian adults aged 60+ years (
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2012
DOI: 10.1016/J.APPET.2011.12.014
Abstract: The ability of food advertising to trigger food consumption and influence social norms relating to food consumption has resulted in increasing attention being given to the prevalence and nature of food advertising. The present study investigated the use of negative themes in food advertisements aired on Australian television to determine the prevalence of depictions of violence/aggression, mocking, nagging, boredom, loneliness, food craving, mood enhancement, and the emotional use of food across 61 days of programming time. The results suggest that advertisers are using negative themes to capture attention and invoke an emotional response in the target audience. Sixteen percent (14,611) of the 93,284 food advertisements contained negative themes, with mood enhancement and food craving being the most commonly depicted negative themes. Advertisements with negative themes were more likely to be for non-core foods and to be aired during children's popular viewing times than at other times. The potential for negative themes in food advertising to promote unhealthy food consumption behaviors among children is likely to be of concern to policy makers. Building on this exploratory study, further research is needed to investigate how nutrition-related decision making is affected by exposure to food advertisements employing negative emotional themes.
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2009
DOI: 10.1071/PY08064
Abstract: The present study investigated nutrition-related beliefs and behaviours among parents of varying socioeconomic profiles to facilitate more effective primary care interventions to improve parents’ child-feeding practices. A questionnaire comprising attitudinal and behavioural items was administered to parents at three Perth primary schools. A response rate of 21% (n = 181) was obtained. Respondents exhibited a good understanding of most of the issues under investigation, indicating that efforts could focus on changing specific behaviours rather than attempting to increase general awareness of the importance of children’s diets to their health and wellbeing. The results suggest that education relating to appetite regulation could be beneficial to all parents, although medium socioeconomic status families appear to be most in need of this information as well as knowledge relating to repeatedly offering new foods to children to foster preference. Information about the need for healthy school canteens and the desirability of reducing television viewing during meals may be more productively targeted to low and medium socioeconomic status families.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-10-2007
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.DRUGPO.2022.103858
Abstract: The aim of this study was to examine young people's support for e-cigarette policies in two countries with very different e-cigarette regulatory environments - Australia and the UK. An online survey was administered to 1,185 15-24 year olds (590 from Australia, 595 from the UK). Survey items assessed demographics, use of vaping and tobacco products, exposure to others' vaping behaviours, exposure to e-cigarette advertising, perceptions of harms associated with e-cigarettes, and support for 14 e-cigarette policies. Frequencies for support were calculated for each policy by country and overall, and a mixed effects negative binomial regression was performed to identify factors associated with support. Majority support was expressed for 10 of the 14 policies in the Australian s le and six in the UK s le. Significantly higher levels support were found among Australian respondents compared to UK respondents for all policies except one where the difference failed to reach statistical significance. Support was strongest for policies relating to preventing access by minors, including warnings on packages, and prohibiting misleading advertising. Support was weakest for policies restricting access to e-cigarettes and flavours. Factors associated with higher levels of support were harm perceptions, never having used e-cigarettes, and older age. The results suggest general support for a broad range of e-cigarette control policies among young people in Australia and the UK, despite very different e-cigarette regulatory environments in these countries. Enhancing awareness of the potential harms associated with e-cigarette use appears to be key to optimising support for the assessed policies among members of this age group.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2013
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2019
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 15-10-2023
DOI: 10.1111/DAR.13757
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 14-10-2015
DOI: 10.1111/IJPO.12069
Abstract: Child obesity interventions need to be based on a sound understanding of the factors that influence children's diets. To investigate the relationship between a range of predictor variables and the frequency with which Australian children consume energy-dense, nutrient-poor (EDNP) foods. A web panel provider was used to access 1302 parents of Australian children aged 8-14 years who responded to an online survey about their children's diets. Structural equation modelling was conducted to test a model of the factors contributing to the frequency of children's unhealthy food consumption. Of the tested variables, consumption of EDNP foods was primarily influenced by parents' attitudes to these foods, children's pestering behaviours and perceived social norms relating to children's consumption of these products. Both pestering and social norms had significant direct effects on consumption frequency as well as indirect effects via their impact on parents' attitudes to EDNP foods. Environmental factors that contribute to both pestering and social norms are likely to be critical considerations in the development of child obesity interventions.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-10-2023
DOI: 10.1111/DAR.13758
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-01-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2020
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-08-2020
DOI: 10.1002/HPJA.388
Abstract: Healthy workplace programs can improve employee health and wellbeing. However, there is little research on how they are adopted by organisations. The study aimed to investigate uptake and predictors of service use amongst organisations utilising a comprehensive government‐funded healthy workplace program. Employees taking part in the Healthier Workplaces WA program can access general services (ie, basic information on workplace health and wellbeing) and tailored services (ie, personalised support on implementing changes). A s le of 358 eligible program participants from 204 organisations completed a service experience survey 6 months after engaging with any service. Predictors of service use were analysed using a Kruskal‐Wallis H test. On average, respondents accessed 3.4 (out of 7) services. General services were accessed more frequently than tailored services. The Kruskal‐Wallis H test showed that respondents working in Human Resources or Health and Safety and those from large organisations were more likely to access a greater range of services compared to employees in other roles and those working in small to medium organisations. Additionally, greater perceived support from management or co‐workers was associated with greater service use. Respondents reported accessing general services more than tailored services. Service use was greater amongst those who perceived greater support from their managers and/or co‐workers, those who worked in large organisations and those who worked in HR/OHS. These findings are informative for practitioners assisting organisations to improve health and wellbeing initiatives and service providers interested in increasing service uptake. A mix of general and tailored services is likely to be useful in building employees’ capacity to increase health and wellbeing in their workplace. Support from management and co‐workers is an important facilitator, and small organisations may require more focussed targeting due to the lower tendency to engage with these programs and increased benefits.
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 23-03-2018
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 06-2020
Abstract: Retirement has been identified as a life transition that is important in determining older adults’ physical activity levels. The present study examined the factors associated with retirement that affect physical activity participation among older adults. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 425 retired Australians aged 60 years and older. Physical activity was assessed objectively, using accelerometers. Two categories of factors affecting physical activity participation following retirement were identified: the various physical and psychological changes in later life that can encourage or discourage physical activity and the adaptation processes undertaken by older people in response to these changes. The adoption of either a gain or loss approach to retirement and aging appeared to be the most influential adaptation factor affecting physical activity participation. The results suggest that intervention approaches should aim to foster more positive attitudes to aging and retirement and promote physical activity at all stages in life.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-08-2023
DOI: 10.1111/ADD.16317
Abstract: To test whether showing spectators counter‐advertisements exposing alcohol harms alone, or exposing alcohol harms and alcohol sponsorship, before watching an alcohol‐sponsored sporting event promotes less favourable post‐event attitudes and intentions towards alcohol sponsor brands and alcohol in general. On‐line between‐subjects experiment. Australia. A s le of Australian adults aged 18–49 years who planned to watch an alcohol‐sponsored National Rugby League (NRL) State of Origin series game was recruited through an online panel. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three counter‐advertising conditions: control (neutral advertisement) counter‐advertisement exposing alcohol harms and counter‐advertisement exposing alcohol sponsorship and harms, to view at least four times during the week before watching the alcohol‐sponsored sporting event. Participants ( n = 1932) completed a pre‐test questionnaire a week before the sporting event. Within 4 days of watching the sporting event, participants completed post‐test measures assessing sponsor brand awareness, attitudes and preferences towards the brand, as well as knowledge, attitudes and intentions for alcohol in general ( n = 1075). Compared with the control advertisement, the counter‐advertisement exposing alcohol sponsorship and harms promoted higher (6–13%) awareness of sponsor brands, less favourable attitudes towards sponsor brands and drinking beer, lower purchase intentions for sponsor brands (Cohen's d = 0.15, 0.31, 0.27, respectively) and perceived less image‐based similarity and fit between the sporting event and sponsor brands (Cohen's d = 0.20 and 0.56). Both counter‐advertisements promoted lower perceptions of the appropriateness of consuming alcohol while watching sport (Cohen's d = 0.22 and 0.34), higher awareness of alcohol harms (6–34%) and higher intentions (8–13%) to reduce alcohol consumption than the control advertisement. At alcohol‐sponsored sporting events, counter‐advertisements addressing alcohol harms may promote knowledge of harms and intentions to drink less. Counter‐advertisements that additionally expose and critique alcohol sponsorship may detract from perceptions of sponsor brand image and intentions to purchase the sponsor's products.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 27-03-2012
DOI: 10.1111/J.1465-3362.2012.00439.X
Abstract: Current alcohol guidelines in Australia recommend minimising alcohol consumption, especially among minors. This study investigated (i) the extent to which children and the general population are exposed to television advertisements that endorse alcohol consumption and (ii) the themes used in these advertisements. A content analysis was conducted on alcohol advertisements aired over two months in major Australian cities. The advertisements were coded according to the products that were promoted, the themes that were employed, and the time of exposure. Advertising placement expenditure was also captured. In total, 2810 alcohol advertisements were aired, representing one in 10 beverage advertisements. Advertisement placement expenditure for alcohol products in the five cities over the two months was $15.8 million. Around half of all alcohol advertisements appeared during children's popular viewing times. The most common themes used were humour, friendship/mateship and value for money. Children and adults are regularly exposed to advertisements that depict alcohol consumption as fun, social and inexpensive. Such messages may reinforce existing alcohol-related cultural norms that prevent many Australians from meeting current intake guidelines.
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 19-07-2018
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 16-08-2019
DOI: 10.3390/NU11081934
Abstract: Consumers’ perceptions of five front-of-pack nutrition label formats (health star rating (HSR), multiple traffic lights (MTL), Nutri-Score, reference intakes (RI) and warning label) were assessed across 12 countries (Argentina, Australia, Bulgaria, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Mexico, Singapore, Spain, the UK and the USA). Perceptions assessed included liking, trust, comprehensibility, salience and desire for the label to be mandatory. A s le of 12,015 respondents completed an online survey in which they rated one of the five (randomly allocated) front-of-pack labels (FoPLs) along the perception dimensions described above. Respondents viewing the MTL provided the most favourable ratings. Perceptions of the other FoPLs were mixed or neutral. No meaningful or consistent patterns were observed in the interactions between country and FoPL type, indicating that culture was not a strong predictor of general perceptions. The overall ranking of the FoPLs differed somewhat from previous research assessing their objective performance in terms of enhancing understanding of product healthiness, in which the Nutri-Score was the clear front-runner. Respondents showed a strong preference for mandatory labelling, regardless of label condition, which is consistent with past research showing that the application of labels across all products leads to healthier choices.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 19-03-2020
DOI: 10.3390/NU12030817
Abstract: Reducing consumption of free sugars, such as those found in high concentrations in manufactured products such as sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and 100% fruit juices, is a global public health priority. This study aimed to measure prevalence of widely available pre-packaged non-alcoholic water-based beverages (carbonated sodas, sports drinks, energy drinks, artificially-sweetened sodas, fruit juices (any type), and bottled water) and to comprehensively examine behavioral, environmental, current health, and demographic correlates of consumption. A cross-sectional, nationally-representative population survey of 3430 Australian adults (18+ years) was conducted using computer-assisted telephone (mobile and landline) interviewing. Past week prevalence of pre-packaged drinks containing free sugar was 47.3% daily prevalence was 13.6%. Of all the pre-packaged drinks assessed, consumption of fruit juices (any type) was the most prevalent (38.8%), followed by bottled water (37.4%), soda (28.9%), artificially-sweetened soda (18.1%), sports drinks (8.1%), and energy drinks (4.2%). Higher soda consumption was associated with males, younger age, socio-economic disadvantage, frequent takeaway food consumption, availability of soda in the home, obesity, and a diagnosis of heart disease or depression. A diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes was associated with increased likelihood of consuming artificially-sweetened sodas and decreased likelihood of consuming sugar-sweetened soda. SSB consumption is prevalent in Australia, especially among young adults and males, foreshadowing continued population weight gain and high burdens of chronic disease. To reduce consumption, Australia must take a comprehensive approach, incorporating policy reform, effective community education, and active promotion of water.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 27-09-2023
DOI: 10.1038/S41430-022-01211-5
Abstract: Public support for evidence-based nutrition interventions can be an important determinant of government willingness to develop and implement such interventions. The aim of this study was to assess support for a broad range of nutrition interventions across seven countries: Australia, Canada, China, India, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Assessed interventions included those relating to food availability, affordability, reformulation, labelling, and promotion. Approximately 1000 adults per country (total n = 7559) completed an online survey assessing support for 35 nutrition interventions olicies. ANOVA analyses were used to identify differences between countries on overall levels of support and by intervention category. Multiple regression analyses assessed demographic and diet-related factors associated with higher levels of support across the total s le and by country. Substantial levels of public support were found for the assessed interventions across the seven countries and five intervention categories. The highest levels were found in India (Mean across all interventions of 4.16 (standard deviation (SD) 0.65) on a 5-point scale) and the lowest in the United States (Mean = 3.48, SD = 0.83). Support was strongest for interventions involving food labelling (Mean = 4.20, SD = 0.79) and food reformulation (Mean = 4.17, SD = 0.87), and weakest for fiscal interventions (Mean = 3.52, SD = 1.06). Consumer characteristics associated with stronger support were higher self-rated health, higher educational attainment, female sex, older age, and perceptions of consuming a healthy diet. The results indicate substantial support for a large range of nutrition interventions across the assessed countries, and hence governments could potentially be more proactive in developing and implementing such initiatives.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-06-2013
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 07-12-2022
DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0276189
Abstract: Health warning labels (HWLs) on alcohol containers may help reduce population-level alcohol consumption. However, few studies have examined the most effective formats for alcohol HWLs. This study tested the effects of three different types of alcohol HWLs. In an online experiment, N = 1,755 Australian adult drinkers were randomly assigned to one of five conditions: (a) No HWL control (b) DrinkWise control (industry-developed labels currently on some containers) (c) Text-Only HWLs (d) Text + Pictogram HWLs or (e) Text + Photograph HWLs. In the three intervention conditions, participants were exposed to eight HWLs, each depicting a different long-term harm. Exposure occurred during an initial session, and repeatedly over the subsequent eight days. Differences between conditions were assessed immediately following initial exposure and at nine-day follow-up. Compared to participants in the No HWL control, participants exposed to Text + Pictogram HWLs were more likely to have intentions to avoid drinking alcohol completely in the next month (post-exposure) and intentions to drink less alcohol in the next week (follow-up), and participants in all three intervention conditions reported stronger negative emotional arousal (follow-up) and weaker positive emotional arousal (follow-up). Compared to participants in the DrinkWise control, those exposed to Text + Pictogram HWLs had stronger intentions to drink less alcohol in the next week and intentions to avoid drinking alcohol completely in the next month (follow-up), participants in the Text + Photograph condition reported significantly weaker positive emotional arousal, and all three intervention conditions resulted in stronger negative emotional arousal. There would likely be benefits to public health if any of the three types of intervention HWLs were implemented. However, there is some evidence that Text + Pictogram HWLs should be recommended over Text-Only or Text + Photograph HWLs, given they were the only HWLs to increase intentions to drink less.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 06-08-2019
DOI: 10.3390/NU11081817
Abstract: Front-of-pack labels (FoPLs) are efficient tools for helping consumers identify healthier food products. Although discussions on nutritional labelling are currently ongoing in Europe, few studies have compared the effectiveness of FoPLs in European countries, including the Netherlands. This study aimed to compare five FoPLs among Dutch participants (the Health Star Rating (HSR) system, Multiple Traffic Lights (MTL), Nutri-Score, Reference Intakes (RIs), and Warning symbols) in terms of perception and understanding of the labels and food choices. In 2019, 1032 Dutch consumers were recruited and asked to select one product from among a set of three foods with different nutritional profiles, and then rank the products within the sets according to their nutritional quality. These tasks were performed with no label and then with one of the five FoPLs on the package, depending on the randomization arm. Finally, participants were questioned on their perceptions regarding the label to which they were exposed. Regarding perceptions, all FoPLs were favorably perceived but with only marginal differences between FoPLs. While no significant difference across labels was observed for food choices, the Nutri-Score demonstrated the highest overall performance in helping consumers rank the products according to their nutritional quality.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2017
Abstract: DrinkWise Australia is an alcohol industry Social Aspects/Public Relations Organisation (SAPRO). We assessed the Australian public's awareness of DrinkWise, beliefs about its funding source, and associations between funding beliefs and perceptions of DrinkWise. A total of 467 adult weekly drinkers completed an online cross-sectional survey in February 2016. Half the s le had heard of DrinkWise (48.6%) of these, the proportion aware that DrinkWise is industry funded (37.0%) was much smaller than the proportion believing it receives government funding (84.1%). Respondents who incorrectly believed DrinkWise receives government funding were more likely to hold a favourable perception of the organisation's credibility, trustworthiness and respectability than those who did not believe it receives government funding (75.9% vs. 58.3% p=0.032). The drinking population is vulnerable to believing that alcohol industry public relations organisations such as DrinkWise are government funded, which in turn is associated with more favourable perceptions of the organisation's credibility, trustworthiness, and respectability. Implications for public health: Favourable perceptions of DrinkWise may enhance the industry's ability to delay or dilute potentially effective alcohol control policies. Future research should investigate whether educating the public about DrinkWise's alcohol industry funding alters the public's perception of how credible, trustworthy and respectable the organisation is.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 20-01-2017
DOI: 10.1007/S13187-016-0986-5
Abstract: The present study assessed perceptions of effective sun-protection strategies among the general public and whether these perceptions have changed in recent years. During five summers from 2007/2008 to 2011/2012, 4217 adolescents and adults living in a region with very high levels of solar UV radiation participated in annual, cross-sectional telephone surveys. Respondents' perceptions of the most effective sun-protection strategy were measured with a single open-ended question. In all survey years, sunscreen was the by far most frequently nominated sun-protection strategy, with an average mention rate of 71.0 %. The tendency to nominate sunscreen increased significantly over the 5-year study period and on average, was more common among adolescents compared to adults (81.6 vs 60.0 %) and females compared to males (73.6 vs 68.3 %). Despite respondents' increasing tendency to nominate sunscreen as the most effective sun-protection strategy, health experts have voiced concerns about flawed application practices. Current sun-protection hierarchies indicate that protective clothing and shade are better options.
No related grants have been discovered for Simone Pettigrew.