ORCID Profile
0000-0002-0717-1692
Current Organisations
University of Melbourne
,
University of Western Australia
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Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 13-07-2016
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 28-06-2022
DOI: 10.1002/HPJA.510
Abstract: Social media sites have become platforms for public discourse on e‐cigarettes, providing proponents with an opportunity to disseminate favourable information about the devices. Research examining the information being presented by Australian proponents of e‐cigarettes is limited. Accordingly, this study explored the Twitter feeds of Australian proponents of e‐cigarettes to determine the nature of the e‐cigarette‐related content being disseminated. All publicly available e‐cigarette‐related tweets and retweets (n = 1397) disseminated over a 15‐week period by five Australian e‐cigarette proponents were captured and analysed. The main topics covered in the 1397 tweets analysed related to (a) criticism of the arguments made by public health agencies/advocates who oppose e‐cigarettes (29%), (b) Australian e‐cigarette policy (19%), (c) the health risks of e‐cigarettes (16%) and (d) the efficacy of e‐cigarettes as smoking cessation aids (13%). Proponents argued that the precautionary principle adopted by public health agencies/advocates lacks an appropriate evidence base and that legalising e‐cigarettes would reduce smoking rates and smoking‐related harm. Proponents minimised the risks associated with e‐cigarette use and only presented evidence indicating that use facilitates smoking cessation. The assessed tweets have the potential to reduce the public's trust in the information being presented by authoritative public health agencies/advocates. The dissemination of information downplaying the health risks associated with e‐cigarettes may distort perceptions of the devices. To assist tobacco control efforts, results highlight the need for (a) ongoing surveillance of the tweets of e‐cigarette proponents and (b) provision of evidence‐based counterarguments on social media.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 22-12-2019
DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2017.1416589
Abstract: Despite the documented importance of health optimism for enhancing health outcomes, very little work has been done to examine who experiences health optimism and under what conditions. The present study sought to identify modifiable factors associated with health optimism that could constitute the focus of future intervention efforts designed to promote health optimism among older people. Participants were 453 (44% males) community-based Western Australians aged 60+ years (M = 70.39 years, SD = 6.06). Participants completed questionnaires to assess sociodemographic characteristics and provided information relating to physical and psychological health status. Almost a quarter of participants (24% n = 108) were classified as health optimists. Results from a multivariate regression analysis found quality of life, psychological well-being, and age to be directly and positively associated with health optimism. A subsequent path analytic model found depression (negatively) and self-efficacy (positively) to be indirectly associated with health optimism via both psychological well-being and quality of life. These findings extend the limited evidence on health optimism in older adults by identifying various modifiable factors that may constitute potential areas of focus for future interventions designed to enhance health outcomes via the fostering of health optimism.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2002
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.BODYIM.2014.04.002
Abstract: Self-objectification has been examined extensively in adult populations. Despite theoretical evidence suggesting that children may also be vulnerable to experiencing self-objectification, whether children do self-objectify has not been determined. Accordingly, the present study examined the degree to which children self-objectify. The prevalence of body image and eating disturbances in this population, and the relationship between self-objectification and these disturbances, were also investigated. Results from over 250 boys and girls aged 6-11 years revealed that young girls report levels of self-objectification that are similar to those observed among older girls and women. Self-objectification was also found to be meaningfully related to body image and eating disturbances in children. A significant proportion of children reported body dissatisfaction and a minority engaged in disordered eating behaviours in the four weeks prior to the assessment. These results suggest that children may be at risk of experiencing the negative psychological outcomes associated with self-objectification.
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 09-2002
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-07-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.APPET.2016.12.035
Abstract: By the time they reach retirement, in iduals are typically highly experienced in sourcing food products and they have strong familiarity with food retailing environments. To investigate the ongoing role of food shopping in later life, the present study explored seniors' attitudes to food shopping and their food-selection behaviours through the lens of their broader lifestyles. The aim was to provide insights of relevance to the development of future efforts to optimise seniors' food shopping experiences and nutrition-related outcomes. Interviews were conducted with 75 Western Australians aged 60 + years to discuss food shopping in the context of their day-to-day lives. The s le was comprised mainly of women (n = 64) and the average age was 74 years. In general, food shopping was perceived to be a manageable but mundane part of life. The findings suggest that there has been an improvement in food retailing practices because many of the numerous areas of concern identified in previous research conducted in this geographical location a decade ago were not nominated as relevant by the interviewees. Instead, food-related issues reported to be most problematic included the difficulties associated with sourcing affordable food products that had been produced locally and that did not contain unacceptable food additives. Seniors' food shopping concerns thus appear to have changed from functional aspects of the physical store environment to product attributes that reflect the increasing industrialisation of the food industry.
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 08-2002
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 06-2019
Abstract: According to ecological models of behavior, the physical environment can influence physical activity engagement by a series of mediating and moderating processes. This study tested such a model to identify factors relevant to older adults' engagement in moderate-vigorous physical activity. Sociodemographic, psychological, physical, and environmental factors were assessed in 432 Western Australians aged 60 and older. Moderate-vigorous physical activity was measured objectively using accelerometers. No environmental variables were related to engagement in moderate-vigorous physical activity either directly or indirectly. However, various in idual-level factors were significant, indicating that these may be more important than environmental factors in locations such as Australia that have generally conducive environments and ambient conditions.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 16-10-2020
DOI: 10.1017/S0144686X20001397
Abstract: Being active in later life is key to remaining physically and mentally healthy, and health in turn influences in iduals’ ability to remain active. Activity prevalence figures can disguise the existence of clusters of older people who are very active due to regular participation in multiple categories of activity versus those who are sedentary. The aim of this study was to conduct segmentation analyses based on retired seniors’ engagement in various activities (walking, active sport/exercise, gardening and volunteering) to identify groups characterised by varying patterns of participation. The s le comprised 746 Western Australians aged 60+ years (range 60–95 years, average age 71.66 years, standard deviation = 6.57), 61 per cent of whom were female. Using latent profile analysis, four distinct segments emerged. Those respondents classified as belonging to the most active group exhibited moderate to high levels of participation across all four forms of activity, and tended to be older and more educated than other respondents. Those allocated to the least active group had very low levels of participation across most of the assessed activities and the least favourable physical and mental health scores. Overall, the results indicate the existence of highly ergent segments within the older population in terms of participation across various combinations of health-promoting activities. Segment membership appears to be more closely associated with physical and psychological factors than socio-demographic characteristics.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.APPET.2018.12.022
Abstract: The increasing reliance on grandparents as a source of childcare means that child dietary intake, child obesity, and child health may be increasingly influenced by grandparents' food provision. Although calls have been made for research that explores the role of grandparents in shaping children's eating behaviours, results of research assessing the types of foods provided by grandparents have been limited in focus to fruit and vegetables or energy-dense nutrient-poor foods. In addition, research assessing the determinants of food provision is lacking. Such information is important in identifying targets for education programs that aim to improve grandparents' food provision practices. Accordingly, the present study assessed the extent to which Australian grandparents are providing meals and snacks for their grandchildren, the types of foods and beverages being provided, and the determinants of provision. Grandparents providing regular childcare (i.e., ≥3 h every week) to at least one grandchild aged 3-14 years were recruited (n = 1076 60% female age = 65.07 years (SD = 6.68)). Results revealed that a majority of grandparents (82%) reported providing their grandchild with snacks. Nearly one-fifth (18%) of grandparents reported providing breakfast, lunch, dinner, and snacks. The provision of main meals occurred one to three times a week and snack provision occurred two to six times a week. Although grandparents generally provided a healthy food environment, practices were found to differ by the sociodemographic characteristics (sex, age, and socioeconomic status) of grandparent caregivers and by the sex and age of the grandchild in their care. Results suggest that grandparents should be considered crucial to efforts to increase healthy eating in children and address childhood obesity.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 18-04-2020
DOI: 10.1002/HPJA.248
Abstract: Up to one-third of incident cancers in Australia are attributable to modifiable factors. Understanding the general public's awareness of cancer risk and protective factors is important for identifying knowledge gaps and informing the development of effective and targeted health promotion strategies. In a telephonic survey of 355 Western Australian adults aged 18-54 years (48% male), with a s le skewed towards low-socio-economic status areas, respondents rated the effect on cancer risk of 11 established cancer risk factors and seven established cancer protective factors. Most respondents correctly recognised the increased cancer risk from sun tanning (94%), asbestos (92%), pesticide use (92%) and being overweight or obese (86%), and the protective effect of being physically active (82%). Half (52%) of respondents incorrectly believed that red wine decreased or had no effect on cancer risk. One in five respondents (19%) incorrectly believed that sunscreen use increased cancer risk. Only 18% of respondents were aware that human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination confers a protective effect, while 17% believed it increases risk. Although the majority of respondents were aware of certain established cancer risk and protective factors, a sizeable proportion held misconceptions about the cancer risk associated with red wine consumption, sunscreen use and HPV vaccination. SO WHAT?: Health promotion programs designed to educate the public about modifiable cancer risk factors may need to increase public awareness of the safety of preventive factors such as HPV vaccination and sunscreen, and the increased cancer risk from consumption of all alcoholic beverage types, including red wine.
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 09-2016
DOI: 10.1037/ADB0000194
Abstract: While protective behavioral strategies (PBSs) have the potential to reduce alcohol-related harm, there is a lack of understanding of the factors influencing adults' use of these strategies. The present study assessed the frequency of enactment of a range of PBSs among Australian adults and identified factors associated with their use and the implications for alcohol harm minimization. A s le of 2,168 Australian drinkers (1,095 males and 1,073 females) recruited via a web panel provider completed an online survey that included items relating to quantity and frequency of alcohol consumption, beliefs about the health consequences of alcohol consumption, use of 5 specific PBSs (e.g., counting drinks and eating while drinking), and demographic characteristics. In general, use of these PBSs was negatively associated with overall alcohol consumption. However, usage rates were relatively low, especially among the heaviest drinkers. Refusing unwanted drinks and alternating between alcoholic and nonalcoholic beverages were identified as especially important strategies in the Australian context, accounting for a substantial proportion of the variance in alcohol consumption. Greater efforts to increase awareness and use of PBSs are warranted. In particular, the results suggest that information relating to the importance of refusing unwanted drinks and alternating between alcoholic and nonalcoholic beverages should be actively disseminated to the drinking public. In addition, the reliance on specified numbers of standard drinks in national drinking guidelines suggests encouraging drinkers to count their drinks should be a further focus of interventions given low reported prevalence of this behavior. (PsycINFO Database Record
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-07-2019
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-2016
DOI: 10.3109/10826084.2016.1172641
Abstract: To investigate alcohol consumption intentions among Australian women of childbearing age by pregnancy status. Three national online surveys were conducted with adult drinkers who consume an alcoholic beverage at least two days per month. Data from female respondents of childbearing age were analyzed according to pregnancy status: pregnant (n = 101), possibly pregnant (n = 178), and not pregnant (n = 1,957). Pregnant drinkers were significantly more likely than possibly pregnant and nonpregnant drinkers of child-bearing age to report that they should and will reduce their alcohol consumption. Results showed that 33% of the pregnant women, 32% of the nonpregnant women, and 39% of the possibly pregnant women reported intending to drink five or more standard drinks on a single occasion in the following two weeks. Older pregnant women exhibited higher rates of heavy drinking intentions and lower intentions to reduce their consumption relative to younger pregnant women. Despite current alcohol consumption guidelines recommending abstinence while pregnant, pregnant respondents exhibited heavy episodic drinking intentions comparable to those of their nonpregnant peers. There is a need to increase public awareness of current alcohol guidelines for pregnant women. Older women of childbearing age and those planning a pregnancy may require particular attention.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 03-12-2015
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 02-06-2020
Abstract: Self-objectification has been implicated in the development of body image disturbances and disordered eating among adults and adolescents. Empirical research exploring these associations among children is limited. Given body image and eating disturbances have been observed in a significant proportion of children, elucidating the factors associated with these disturbances among members of this population segment is important to informing prevention and intervention efforts. Accordingly, we cross-sectionally examined the association between self-objectification and body image and eating disturbances in 219 Australian 6- to 11-year-olds (57% classified as female children average age = 8.37 years, SD = 1.42). Significant associations were observed between measures of self-objectification and body surveillance body surveillance and both body shame and weight/shape concern and weight/shape concern and dietary restraint. Results suggest early interventions targeting poor body image may need to address self-objectification, although further research is needed to firmly establish self-objectification as a risk factor for poor body image in children. Practitioners could utilize resources specifically developed for children, which encourage positive body esteem, build body confidence, support healthy relationships with food and exercise, and promote activities encouraging in iduals to be attuned to how their bodies feel rather than how they look.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-04-2022
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.ADDBEH.2018.11.004
Abstract: An extensive body of evidence indicates that e-cigarette use is highest among young adults, prompting concerns about the potential renormalization of smoking behaviors in a population segment that is particularly vulnerable to tobacco smoking initiation. Increasing levels of e-cigarette use among young adults are likely a reflection of favorable beliefs about the benefits and risks associated with use, but research assessing perceptions of e-cigarettes in this population segment is limited. The aim of the present study was to assess young adults' perceptions of (i) the absolute and relative harm associated with e-cigarette use and (ii) the efficacy of these devices for smoking cessation. In a s le of 1116 Australian 18 to 25 year olds, three-quarters believed e-cigarettes have some level of harm (72%), just over half believed them to be addictive (57%), and substantial minorities reported that they did not know whether these products are harmful (20%) or addictive (34%). Two-fifths believed e-cigarettes are effective at helping people quit smoking (42%). Differences were observed by smoking status and e-cigarette user status on several variables, with a general trend of more positive perceptions towards e-cigarettes among smokers and users, particularly in relation to cessation efficacy. Results suggest that a substantial minority of young adults are unaware of the harms that may be associated with e-cigarettes, underscoring the importance of public health efforts that aim to provide accurate information about these devices.
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2017
DOI: 10.1071/PY16104
Abstract: In Australia, the immediate post-school period (known as ‘Schoolies’) is associated with heavy drinking and high levels of alcohol-related harm. This study investigated students’ intended alcohol consumption during Schoolies to inform interventions to reduce alcohol-related harm among this group. An online survey was administered to students in their senior year of schooling. Included items related to intended daily alcohol consumption during Schoolies, amount of money intended to be spent on alcohol over the Schoolies period, and past drinking behaviour. On average, participants (n=187) anticipated that they would consume eight standard drinks per day, which is substantially higher than the recommended maximum of no more than four drinks on a single occasion. Participants intended to spend an average of A$131 on alcohol over the Schoolies period. Although higher than national guidelines, intended alcohol consumption was considerably lower than has been previously documented during Schoolies events. The substantial amounts of money expected to be spent during Schoolies suggest this group has adequate spending power to constitute an attractive target market for those offering alternative activities that are associated with lower levels of alcohol-related harm.
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 05-2002
DOI: 10.1109/4234.1001668
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 03-2003
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.APPET.2018.06.033
Abstract: The consumption of vegetables and fruit during adolescence is crucial to ensuring adequate intake of the nutrients required to meet the rapid growth that characterises this developmental period. However, significant reductions in vegetable and fruit intake during adolescence have been observed making the promotion of consumption an important health promotion challenge. To monitor progress in this population segment toward meeting recommended intake levels and identifying at-risk groups, the present study assessed changes in Australian adolescents' vegetable and fruit consumption over time and identified the demographic factors associated with meeting recommendations. As in iduals who are aware of their diet deficiencies are likely to be more receptive to healthy eating interventions, the present study also assessed adolescents' perceptions of the adequacy of their vegetable and fruit intake and identified the demographic factors associated with correctly perceiving fruit and vegetable intake to be inadequate. Two cross-sectional s les of Western Australian secondary school students aged 12-17 years were surveyed in 2009-2010 (n = 1501) and 2012-2013 (n = 1406). Only 14% of students at Wave 1 and 13% at Wave 2 met the recommended guidelines for vegetable intake while 68% and 71% met the guidelines for fruit intake. Females had significantly greater odds of failing to meet guidelines for vegetable intake than males. Only 50% of students correctly identified their vegetable and fruit intake to be inadequate. The observed very low levels of compliance with vegetable intake recommendations suggest that addressing deficiencies in vegetable consumption should be a primary focus of future nutrition interventions. Efforts should also be made to increase adolescents' perceptions of the inadequacy of their intake to optimise the effectiveness of schemes designed to improve vegetable and fruit consumption in this population segment.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 30-03-2021
DOI: 10.1111/AJAG.12907
Abstract: Given positive attitudes to volunteering are likely to be associated with support for volunteering and in idual participation, this study aimed to develop and test a 10‐item ‘attitudes to formal volunteering’ scale for retired older adults that could be used to inform intervention efforts. A s le of 801 Australian retirees (62% female mean age: 71.9 years) completed a survey that included the attitude scale, demographic items and questions assessing engagement in volunteering. A principal component analysis identified two factors (general attitude to volunteering and attitude to participating in volunteering) that together accounted for 64% of the variance in attitude scores. A confirmatory factor analysis indicated the two‐factor model was an excellent fit to the data. Cronbach's alphas for both factors were .80, and both were positively associated with volunteering engagement. The proposed scale is a potentially useful instrument for measuring attitudes to volunteering among retired older adults.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 20-10-2018
DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2017.1363239
Abstract: Mass-attended youth events represent a substantial public health challenge due to high levels of alcohol consumption and corresponding high rates of alcohol-related harm. Although previous research has documented the protective effect of high drinking refusal self-efficacy (DRSE) on alcohol consumption in general, there is a lack of research examining the role of DRSE in reducing consumption during mass-attended youth events and the factors associated with DRSE in these contexts. This study aimed to identify potentially modifiable factors that influence DRSE and drinking intentions to inform interventions designed to reduce alcohol-related harm during mass-attended events. Australian secondary school students (n = 586 70% female) in their final two years of high school completed an online survey assessing their alcohol consumption intentions for Schoolies, their perceived degree of DRSE, and other in idual and environmental factors. Path analysis was used to assess a mediational model examining factors associated with DRSE and alcohol consumption intentions. DRSE was found to be significantly associated with intended alcohol consumption during Schoolies. Specifically, leavers who believed they would not be able to refuse others' offers of alcoholic drinks reported significantly greater alcohol consumption intentions. Results also revealed that DRSE was enhanced in those respondents who believed there would be a variety of non-drinking activities and non-alcoholic beverages available to them during Schoolies. Results suggest the need to increase leavers' confidence in their ability to refuse unwanted alcoholic beverages and highlight the importance of providing celebration options that do not involve alcohol consumption.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 25-02-2022
DOI: 10.1002/HPJA.578
Abstract: Older adults are significantly less likely than their younger counterparts to engage in physical activity. Comprehensive policies to support healthy ageing thus need to include components encouraging greater participation in physical activity in later life. This study tested potential messages for use in health communication c aigns aimed at increasing physical activity among older adults. Twelve written messages designed to encourage older adults to increase their levels of physical activity were rated by Australians aged 60‐92 years (n = 369 54% female) on the variables of likeability and perceived effectiveness. Ratings for all the tested messages were high across both outcome variables. The message Move more, live longer scored most favourably, with large majorities of participants liking this message (87%) and considering it effective (81%). Messages featuring rhyming or alliteration were rated significantly higher on both outcomes than messages without these attributes (all P s .001). Results provide insights into the types of messages that are likely to be accepted by older adults. Statements that use the phonological patterns of rhyming or alliteration are likely to be especially well received. Increasing participation in physical activity among older adults is critical to promoting the sustainability of health care systems and enhancing quality of life. The specific messaging attributes identified in the present study as being effective could be used by public health practitioners to inform their approach to physical activity messaging to older adults and incorporated into future health communication c aigns to increase their potential effectiveness with this target group.
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 04-2017
Publisher: IEEE Comput. Soc
Date: 1999
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 03-2014
DOI: 10.1037/A0034803
Abstract: Eating and body image disturbances in children are typically assessed using the Children's Eating Disorder Examination (ChEDE) however, support for the reliability and validity of scores on this measure is mixed. Furthermore, previous studies suggest that scores obtained from a simplified 8-item version of the ChEDE may be more reliable and useful for research purposes than scores obtained from the full scale. The present study sought to psychometrically evaluate the reliability and factor structure of this brief 8-item scale. Two separate community-based s les of 6- to 11-year-olds (N = 535) were administered the ChEDE as part of a broader assessment battery. The brief 8-item model provided a good fit to the data, as determined by confirmatory factor analysis. Additionally, scores obtained from the 8-item scale, as well as a global ChEDE score, provided reliable measures of a child's eating disorder symptoms, and were superior to the original 4 subscales in both healthy-weight and overweight/obese s les. The brief 8-item scale may therefore be used by researchers who want a reliable and valid index of global eating disorder psychopathology without doing a full interview.
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 1998
DOI: 10.1109/35.707822
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 28-07-2023
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-01-2019
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-09-2023
DOI: 10.1038/S41430-022-01205-3
Abstract: It is important for nutrition interventions to be equitable to ensure they do not widen socioeconomic health-based inequalities. The role of front-of-pack nutrition labels is to provide accessible and easily understood information on product packages, and it is essential that such labels assist those who are least able to access and interpret other forms of nutrition information. This secondary analysis of the FOP-ICE food labelling study involving 18 countries ( N = 18,393) assessed whether five different front-of-pack labels varied in effectiveness according to income status. The two outcome variables were objective understanding of products’ nutritional quality and product choice. While there were substantial differences in the ability of in idual labels to improve understanding, for each label and across all labels combined there were no significant differences in changes in both outcome variables by income category. The results provide evidence that interpretive front-of-pack nutrition labels are an equitable and useful nutrition intervention.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2023
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 14-03-2021
DOI: 10.1111/DAR.13277
Abstract: 'Count your drinks' is a protective behavioural strategy (PBS) that has been found to be effective in reducing alcohol consumption. Previous research has shown that females, older people and low-risk drinkers are more likely to use this strategy, but little is known about the attitudinal factors associated with engaging in drink counting. This information is important for developing effective interventions to encourage use of this PBS. The aim of this paper was to assess whether the following attitudinal factors are associated with frequency of enactment of the 'Count your drinks' PBS: (i) perceived ease of use (ii) perceived effectiveness (iii) personal relevance and (iv) believability. A total of 683 Australian drinkers completed an online survey assessing demographic variables, alcohol consumption, frequency of drink counting and attitudes to the 'Count your drinks' PBS. A hierarchical regression analysis was used to determine whether the attitudinal factors were associated with frequency of enactment after controlling for demographic and alcohol-related factors. Attitudes to the 'Count your drinks' PBS accounted for 28% of the variance in reported frequency of drink counting. Perceptions of personal relevance, ease of use and effectiveness were found to be significantly associated with frequency of enactment. Interventions designed to encourage drinkers to count their drinks should aim to increase the perceived personal relevance, ease of use and effectiveness of this strategy.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.APPET.2015.04.080
Abstract: Among other focus areas, interventions designed to improve children's diets need to address key factors contributing to children's consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages. The present study employed structural equation modelling to investigate the relationship between a broad range of predictor variables and the frequency with which Australian children consume soft drinks. In total, 1302 parents of children aged 8 to 14 years responded to an online survey about their children's food consumption behaviours. Soft drink consumption frequency was primarily influenced by parents' attitudes to soft drinks, children's pestering behaviours, and perceived social norms relating to children's consumption of these products. Importantly, pestering and social norms had significant direct effects on consumption frequency in addition to indirect effects via their impact on parents' attitudes to soft drink.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2021
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 09-2003
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 08-2023
Abstract: In response to rapid and substantial increases in rates of e-cigarette use among young people, Australia’s Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) made changes to the regulations governing nicotine vaping products. As part of the regulatory change process, Australians were invited to comment on the proposed regulations, which featured the introduction of a prescription model for nicotine vaping products. To inform strategies to enhance compliance with the tightened regulations, this study examined submissions made by self-reported e-cigarette users to the TGA’s public consultation (n = 1405). A content analysis was conducted to identify and quantify key arguments. Claims about possible negative consequences associated with the regulations (e.g. people will return to smoking, inconvenience) featured in most submissions (84%). Around half (55%) of submissions mentioned perceived benefits of e-cigarettes, including favourable health outcomes (e.g. improved breathing) and enhanced tobacco cessation. Around half (52%) featured concerns about inconsistency in treatment and the argument that e-cigarettes should not be restricted when more harmful tobacco products are readily available. Alternative approaches to a prescription model were offered in nearly one-third (31%) of submissions. One-quarter (26%) included text provided by an industry-led astroturfing c aign. The arguments made in the analysed submissions suggest a lack of appreciation of (i) the negative health outcomes associated with e-cigarette use and (ii) evidence linking these devices to smoking relapse. Results highlight the need for targeted health c aigns that address (i) gaps in consumers’ knowledge and (ii) vaping-related misinformation being promulgated by the industry and its allies.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2015
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 23-02-2017
DOI: 10.1111/DAR.12466
Abstract: Efforts to reduce excessive alcohol consumption need to take into account drinkers' perceptions of their risk of alcohol-related harm. The aim of the present study was to profile adult Australian drinkers according to their self-identification with various drinker prototypes to determine the extent to which these prototypes are associated with perceived and actual risk of alcohol-related harm. A large web panel provider disseminated an online survey to a national s le of 2168 drinkers aged 18+ years who consumed alcohol at least twice per month. Respondents reported whether they considered themselves to be a light, occasional, social, heavy or binge drinker. The nominated category was compared with perceived and actual risk of alcohol-related harm. The prototype most commonly nominated by respondents was 'social drinker' (45%), and the least common was 'binge drinker' (7%). Although the heaviest drinkers in terms of actual reported consumption typically selected prototypes indicative of harmful consumption, many of those selecting prototypes indicative of moderate consumption were at risk of alcohol-related harm. Many adult drinkers may be unaware of their risk of alcohol-related harm. The results suggest that there may be a need to recalibrate Australian drinkers' perceptions of high-risk drinking. [Pettigrew S, Jongenelis MI, Pratt IS, Slevin T, Chikritzhs T. Drinkers' identification with varying alcohol consumption prototypes. Drug Alcohol Rev 2017 :464-467].
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 10-2003
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.YPMED.2017.10.006
Abstract: Adolescence is a critical time for disengagement from physical activity making young people a priority group for interventions. To determine whether existing initiatives are working in this population segment and help inform future programs, the present study sought to (i) examine prevalences and trends in physical activity and screen-based recreation among Australian adolescents and (ii) identify the barriers to adolescents meeting recommended guidelines. Two cross-sectional representative s les of Western Australian secondary school students aged 12 to 17years were surveyed in 2009-2010 (n=1505) and 2012-2013 (n=1406). Around a quarter (24%) of boys and just 9% of girls reported engaging in the recommended 60min of physical activity per day in 2012-2013. A minority (13% of boys, 17% of girls) adhered to guidelines for time spent engaging in screen-based recreation (≤2h of electronic media use for entertainment). These findings were comparable to 2009-2010 prevalence levels. Multivariable logistic regression analyses conducted on data from the most recent wave found in idual-level barriers to be significantly associated with lower odds of meeting physical activity guidelines in both boys (Adj. OR=0.52, 95% CI=0.38, 0.72) and girls (Adj. OR=0.41, 95% CI=0.25, 0.66). The consistently high proportion of adolescents not meeting physical activity recommendations over time suggests that current efforts to increase physical activity may be failing to have an impact on population-level trends in compliance. While initiatives to improve the built environment may reduce barriers at the environmental level, these initiatives risk having little impact on physical activity if in idual level barriers remain unaddressed.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.BODYIM.2016.09.003
Abstract: Evidence suggests that the sexualization of girls has increased and become more explicit in recent years. However, most of the research conducted to date has focused on sexualization in adults. To address this research gap, this study explored how young Australian girls respond to and describe sexualized and non-sexualized depictions of their peers. Results from 42 girls aged 6-11 years revealed that sexualization was a perceptually salient attribute, with participants readily classifying sexualized girls as a subgroup. Participants also made distinct trait attributions based on the differences between sexualized and non-sexualized girls. The results suggest that young girls respond differently to sexualized and non-sexualized depictions of their peers and are beginning to develop stereotypes based on these depictions. As such, the implementation of media literacy programs in adolescence may be too late and efforts may be required to address this issue among younger children.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-2019
DOI: 10.1007/S11121-019-00993-8
Abstract: Poly drug use in adolescents represents a significant public health issue, heightening risk for abuse, dependency, and a variety of short- and long-term psychological, psychosocial, and health consequences. However, past studies have typically examined just one or two substances in isolation and there is a lack of research that has comprehensively examined possible predictors of poly drug use in adolescents. To inform the development of comprehensive prevention programs that can simultaneously target multiple substances, the present study sought to identify psychological, environmental, and demographic factors that are most strongly associated with alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis poly drug use. Adolescents aged 15 to 17 years (n = 1661 50.9% male) completed a survey on their use of alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis over the last 30 days. Various psychological, environmental, and demographic factors were also assessed. Weighted multiple-level logistic regression was conducted to assess the factors associated with poly drug use. In total, 20.3% of respondents had used at least one substance, 6.7% reported using two substances, and 3.3% reported using all three substances. The most common combined pattern of use was alcohol and tobacco, followed by alcohol and cannabis. Several factors emerged as significant, with conduct problems, depression, and the school environment accounting for the most variance. Specific psychological and environmental factors appear to be particularly important domains to target in adolescent substance use prevention programs. Early identification of adolescent depression and conduct problems and the development of programs that address these symptoms in youth may be effective approaches to delaying or preventing poly drug use in this population.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-08-2014
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 14-06-2020
DOI: 10.1007/S40520-019-01241-3
Abstract: Volunteering among older people has the potential to deliver health benefits to the in idual, along with economic and social benefits to society. However, it is not clear whether healthier people are more likely to engage in volunteering, whether volunteering improves health, or the extent to which the relationship may be reciprocal. There is an identified need for longitudinal work, especially in the form of randomized controlled trials, to establish causality. To assess the effects of commencing volunteering among older non-volunteers utilizing a randomized controlled trial approach involving per-protocol and pragmatic analyses. Of the 445 Australians aged 60 + years who participated in the study, 201 were assigned to an intervention arm that required them to participate in a minimum of 1 h/week of formal volunteering in a position of their choice. The remaining participants were assigned to a control condition and asked to continue their lives as usual, but were not discouraged from commencing volunteering. Across the assessed physical, psychological, and social variables, a significant difference in sit-to-stand scores was found in both the per-protocol and pragmatic analyses, and a further significant difference in the fast pace walk was identified in the pragmatic analyses. The results provide some support for policies and programs designed to encourage older people to engage in volunteering to maintain or improve their health. Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12615000091505.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.DRUGPO.2019.06.017
Abstract: Calls have been made to relax current Australian regulations related to e-cigarettes to increase the accessibility of the devices for smoking cessation purposes. However, e-cigarettes have been found to increase risk of initiation of conventional cigarette smoking, especially among young adults. To assist in guiding the development of policy in Australia, the present study examined whether e-cigarette use among Australian young adults who have never smoked a tobacco cigarette is associated with susceptibility to future tobacco cigarette use. An online web panel provider recruited 519 never smokers aged 18-25 years (55% female average age = 21.21 years, SD = 2.32). Respondents completed an online survey that assessed their curiosity about tobacco smoking, willingness and intentions to smoke, and a number of in idual and social factors. Cross-sectional regression analyses were conducted to assess the association between e-cigarette use and susceptibility to tobacco cigarette use while controlling for multiple covariates. Curiosity about tobacco smoking, willingness to smoke, and intentions to smoke were significantly higher among users of e-cigarettes than never users. The relationship between e-cigarette use and susceptibility to future tobacco cigarette use remained significant after controlling for numerous covariates. E-cigarette use, even just one or two puffs, has the potential to increase susceptibility to tobacco cigarette use among Australian young adults. Findings suggest that increasing the availability of e-cigarettes by relaxing current strict regulations surrounding their sale may have unintended consequences.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2023
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2023
DOI: 10.1016/J.SOCSCIMED.2022.115569
Abstract: The associations between the number of COVID-19 cases/deaths and subsequent uptake of protective behaviors may reflect cognitive and behavioral responses to threat-relevant information. Applying protection motivation theory (PMT), this study explored whether the number of total COVID-19 cases/deaths and general anxiety were associated with cross-situational handwashing adherence and whether these associations were mediated by PMT-specific self-regulatory cognitions (threat appraisal: perceived vulnerability, perceived illness severity coping appraisal: self-efficacy, response efficacy, response costs). The study (#NCT04367337) was conducted in March-September 2020 among 1256 adults residing in 14 countries. Self-reports on baseline general anxiety levels, handwashing adherence across 12 situations, and PMT-related constructs were collected using an online survey at two points in time, four weeks apart. Values of COVID-19 cases and deaths were retrieved twice for each country (one week prior to the in idual data collection). Across countries and time, levels of adherence to handwashing guidelines were high. Path analysis indicated that smaller numbers of COVID-19 cases/deaths (Time 0 T0) were related to stronger self-efficacy (T1), which in turn was associated with higher handwashing adherence (T3). Lower general anxiety (T1) was related to better adherence (T3), with this effect mediated by higher response efficacy (T1, T3) and lower response cost (T3). However, higher general anxiety (T1) was related to better adherence via higher illness severity (T1, T3). General anxiety was unrelated to COVID-19 indicators. We found a complex pattern of associations between the numbers of COVID-19 cases/deaths, general anxiety, PMT variables, and handwashing adherence at the early stages of the pandemic. Higher general anxiety may enable threat appraisal (perceived illness severity), but it may hinder coping appraisal (response efficacy and response costs). The indicators of the trajectory of the pandemic (i.e., the smaller number of COVID-19 cases) may be indirectly associated with higher handwashing adherence via stronger self-efficacy.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-2016
DOI: 10.1111/JPC.13148
Abstract: Previous research has identified convenience, enjoyment, value for money and perceived goodness as primary dimensions of parents' attitudes to foods and beverages. The aim of the present study was to examine the factors associated with parents' scores on each of these attitudinal dimensions to identify key issues for future interventions designed to improve parents' food provision behaviours and children's diets. A s le of 1302 Australian parents of children aged 8 to 14 years completed an online survey relating to their food-related beliefs. Linear regression analyses were undertaken to examine factors associated with parents' attitudes to soft drinks and energy-dense nutrient-poor foods. Consistent factors were identified for both energy-dense, nutrient-poor foods and soft drinks, indicating that similar approaches could be adopted in interventions for both product categories. The primary factors were social norms, child pestering, television viewing and exposure to food advertising. Food advertising represents a common link between the primary factors, indicating that it constitutes a critical component of future interventions designed to modify parents' attitudes to unhealthy food products and to reduce the frequency with which these foods are consumed by children.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.ADDBEH.2018.06.017
Abstract: Previous studies suggest that employing specific behavioral strategies when drinking can prevent excessive alcohol consumption and related harms. However, these studies have typically examined these 'protective behavioral strategies' (PBSs) in combination, limiting understanding of whether in idual strategies differ in their effectiveness. Further, most existing research is cross-sectional in design, precluding the determination of causal relationships between PBS use and alcohol consumption. To address these research gaps, the present study sought to longitudinally (i) identify which in idual PBSs are significantly related to reduced alcohol consumption over time and (ii) explore the effectiveness of in idual PBSs among specific population groups. The s le comprised 1328 Australian adult drinkers (47% male) who completed an online survey assessing engagement in PBSs and alcohol consumption at two time points approximately four weeks apart. Reported enactment of the PBS 'Count your drinks' was associated with a significant reduction in alcohol consumption between T1 and T2. In contrast, enactment of the PBSs 'Ask a friend to let you know when you have had enough to drink', 'Put extra ice in your drink', 'Use a designated driver', and 'Leave drinking venues at a pre-determined time' was associated with an increase in alcohol consumption. The results thus suggest that many PBSs may not be effective in reducing alcohol consumption and that some may be associated with higher levels of intake. The results have implications for the development of harm-minimization c aigns designed to encourage drinkers to reduce their alcohol consumption.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 19-08-2021
DOI: 10.1002/HPJA.399
Abstract: While the psychological health benefits of older people's engagement in formal volunteering are well‐documented, there is limited research assessing how volunteering may produce these favourable outcomes. To guide the development of volunteer positions that optimise outcomes, this study examined (a) which aspects of the volunteering experience are most strongly associated with favourable psychological health among older adults and (b) whether relationships between these aspects and psychological outcomes are moderated by sociodemographic characteristics. A s le of 293 volunteers aged 60+ years (69% female, mean age = 73.33 years) completed measures assessing their engagement in volunteering, various aspects of their volunteer experience, and their psychological health. Being adequately appreciated for one's contribution, perceived social and mental intensity of the volunteer role, and believing that others benefit from one's volunteering efforts were found to be associated with higher levels of psychological health. Ensuring the contributions of volunteers are explicitly recognised, providing opportunities for engagement in social and cognitive activities, and informing volunteers of the benefits others experience constitute potential means of enhancing volunteer outcomes and may assist with volunteer retention. This study builds upon the limited research assessing which aspects of the volunteering experience are most strongly associated with favourable psychological health among older adults. The findings point to the potential importance of four specific aspects of the volunteer experience in enhancing psychological health outcomes.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-2023
DOI: 10.1186/S12889-023-15142-8
Abstract: Research that comprehensively documents preferences for different types of novel nicotine products in Australia is lacking, making it difficult for policymakers to determine where public health efforts should be focused. This study thus sought to explore Australian adolescent and adult e-cigarette users’ preferences for different types of e-cigarettes and e-liquids. Purchasing behaviours and sources of e-liquid were also examined. An online survey was administered to 4,617 Australians aged 12 + years, 636 of whom had used an e-cigarette in the last 30 days and were the focus of this study. Among users, 45% also smoked tobacco cigarettes, 41% were non-smokers, and 14% had never smoked. The majority (82%) of e-cigarette users surveyed reported using nicotine-containing e-liquid in their devices. Fewer (60%) reported using non-nicotine e-liquid. The preference for nicotine over non-nicotine e-liquid was observed among all age and smoking groups. Most users (89%) reported using flavoured e-liquids, with adolescents (96%) significantly more likely than young adults (90%) and adults aged 25 + years (85%) to report using such e-liquids. Fruit flavours were the most popular among all subgroups. In terms of device type, disposable e-cigarettes were the most common product used among almost all groups the exception being adults aged 25 + years who preferred systems with refillable tanks. Friends and tobacco retailers were the most frequently nominated sources of nicotine e-liquid among adolescents and young adults. Among adults aged 25 + years, tobacco retailers and the Internet were the most frequently nominated sources of these products. Disposable e-cigarettes with flavoured, nicotine-containing e-liquid are popular among users of the devices, including adolescents. Measures that restrict the accessibility and availability of flavoured e-liquids and disposable e-cigarettes, and greater enforcement of laws regarding the sale and importation of nicotine e-liquids, are urgently needed to protect youth and never smokers from these products.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.EATBEH.2016.12.006
Abstract: Little is known about the complex combination of factors influencing the extent to which children request unhealthy foods from their parents. The aim of this study was to develop a comprehensive model of influencing factors to provide insight into potential methods of reducing these requests. A web panel provider was used to administer a national online survey to a s le of 1302 Australian parent-child dyads (total s le n=2604). Initial univariate analyses identified potential predictors of children's requests for and consumption of unhealthy foods. The identified variables were subsequently incorporated into a path analysis model that included both parents' and children's reports of children's requests for unhealthy foods. The resulting model accounted for a substantial 31% of the variance in parent-reported food request frequency and 27% of the variance in child-reported request frequency. The variable demonstrating the strongest direct association with both parents' and children's reports of request frequency was the frequency of children's current intake of unhealthy foods. Parents' and children's exposure to food advertising and television viewing time were also positively associated with children's unhealthy food requests. The results highlight the need to break the habitual provision of unhealthy foods to avoid a vicious cycle of requests resulting in consumption.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2020
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 1992
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2023
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 09-10-2020
Abstract: Promoting engagement in formal volunteering represents a potential means of facilitating healthy aging. Given reluctance to participate in volunteering has been partially attributed to negative perceptions of various aspects of this activity, this study assessed whether trialing volunteering can improve perceptions among older people. Using a parallel-group design, Australians aged 60+ years ( n = 445) were randomly assigned to one of two conditions, one in which they were encouraged to trial volunteering and one in which they were asked to continue their usual activities. Perceptions and attitudes among those in the volunteering condition became significantly more favorable over 6 months relative to those in the control condition, with this change predicted by several aspects of the volunteering experience (e.g., acquisition of skills, increased social connectedness). Providing access to roles that cater to the learning and social needs of older adults appears to be important for improving attitudes toward engaging in volunteer work.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2018
Abstract: To assess preferences for e-cigarettes containing nicotine and flavourings among Australian young adult e-cigarette users. An online survey was administered to 1,116 young adults (18-25 years), 104 of whom had used an e-cigarette in the last 30 days and were the focus of this study. Among users, 53% also smoked tobacco cigarettes, 27% were non-smokers and 20% had never smoked. Nearly two-thirds (64%) of e-cigarette users preferred nicotine-containing e-cigarettes (71% of smokers, 56% of non-smokers, 55% of never smokers). The vast majority (89%) preferred flavoured e-cigarettes (92% of smokers, 82% of non-smokers, 95% of never smokers), with fruit flavours the most popular. E-cigarettes containing nicotine and flavourings were popular among users of these devices in this s le of young adults. Implications for public health: Previous research has documented potential harms associated with e-liquid additives, flavourings, and nicotine. The present results showing strong preferences for nicotine and flavourings among the s led e-cigarette users suggest that: i) flavourings in e-liquids should be regulated and ii) existing prohibitions on the unauthorised supply of liquid nicotine should be better enforced. Population-wide monitoring of the use of e-cigarettes with different product characteristics is also warranted.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 02-07-2020
DOI: 10.1017/S0144686X1900076X
Abstract: Despite the well-documented health benefits of physical activity in older adults, participation levels remain low. With rapid global population ageing, intensive efforts are needed to encourage higher levels of participation to ameliorate the negative effects of physical inactivity for older in iduals and society as a whole. The aim of this qualitative study was to inform future physical activity promotion interventions by examining factors contributing to low activity levels among older people undertaking less than half the recommended level of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 102 (65% female) community-dwelling Western Australians aged 60+ years (mean = 71.52, standard deviation = 6.26) who engaged in ⩽75 minutes of MVPA per week as measured by accelerometers. Several modifiable and unmodifiable barriers were identified, of which poor health featured most prominently. Lifetime physical inactivity, caring duties, low motivation, misperceptions of physical activity and ageing, and a lack of affordable and attractive options were the other barriers identified. The results suggest that strategies are needed to raise awareness of current physical activity guidelines, normalise engagement in MVPA throughout the lifespan, develop initiatives to motivate participation, improve the availability of affordable physical activity programmes that are attractive to this population segment, and facilitate participation among those with intensive caring responsibilities.
Publisher: Springer Singapore
Date: 2016
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 06-2002
Publisher: E.U. European Publishing
Date: 16-03-2023
DOI: 10.18332/TID/161025
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 17-06-2023
DOI: 10.1007/S13668-023-00483-Y
Abstract: To examine and synthesise recent evidence on the role of grandparents in shaping children's dietary health. The influence of grandparents on children’s dietary health was evident across studies. Grandparents frequently provide their grandchildren with meals and snacks, and engage in many of the same feeding practices used by parents. Although grandparents report providing their grandchildren with healthy foods, the provision of treat foods high in sugar or fat was a common finding. This provision led to family conflict, with the indulgent behaviours of grandparents seen by parents as a barrier to healthy eating. Grandparents are exerting significant influence on child dietary health. Efforts are needed to ensure these care providers are considered key stakeholders in the promotion of healthy eating and are targeted in policies and programs addressing children’s diets. Research that determines how to best support grandparents to foster healthy behaviours in children is critical.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 17-10-2022
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.DRUGPO.2017.09.011
Abstract: Social norms relating to youth substance use are changing. In Australia, alcohol use among adolescents has fallen dramatically and tobacco and cannabis use have also reduced, albeit more moderately. The aim of the present study was to identify (i) factors associated with compliance with recommendations for zero intake of alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis and (ii) factors associated with poly drug use (intake of all three substances). As part of the Young Minds Matter Study, a self-report survey was administered to 1661 Australian adolescents aged 15-17 years. The survey included items relating to: substance use psychological, social, and protective factors and demographic characteristics. Probit regression analyses were conducted to generate a model of factors associated with abstinence from all three substances and a model of factors associated with the use of all three substances. While there were substantial differences between the two models indicating that different factors may influence the initiation of substance use versus poly drug use, there were also several common factors that operated in opposite directions. These were child age, degree of parental supervision and monitoring, the experience of externalising problems, and a diagnosis of major depression. The results highlight the potential utility of targeting high-risk youth by identifying (i) parents' supervision and monitoring behaviours and (ii) children's externalising problems and symptoms of depression. Directly addressing these factors in substance-use interventions may delay or prevent initiation while also reducing the likelihood of adolescents engaging in poly drug use.
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 12-11-2020
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-2019
DOI: 10.1111/DAR.12963
Abstract: A growing body of evidence suggests e-cigarette use increases the risk of conventional cigarette use. Assessing the factors associated with intentions to use e-cigarettes can inform programs designed to minimise uptake, potentially assisting in preventing a new population of smokers. This study developed and tested a model assessing the importance of various factors that may be associated with intentions to use e-cigarettes among young adults who have never used e-cigarettes or tobacco cigarettes. A web-panel provider recruited 429 Australian 18- to 25-year-olds who had never used e-cigarettes or smoked tobacco cigarettes (56% female, mean age = 21.17 years). Various in idual and social factors were assessed as potential direct and indirect predictors of e-cigarette use intentions. The developed model provided an excellent fit to the data and accounted for 49% of the variance in use intentions. Males had greater intentions to use e-cigarettes compared to females (β = -0.13). Having a greater number of friends who smoke tobacco cigarettes (β = 0.11) and curiosity about e-cigarette use (β = 0.58) were also directly associated with greater use intentions. Positive expectancies about e-cigarettes (β = 0.14), having family members who use e-cigarettes (β = 0.11), and having friends who smoke tobacco cigarettes (β = 0.07) were indirectly associated with intentions via curiosity. Curiosity about e-cigarette use was strongly associated with use intentions. Aspects of the social environment were also important. Further research is needed to identify effective means of challenging positive e-cigarette expectancies given these were found to be strongly associated with intentions via curiosity.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 24-09-2019
DOI: 10.1002/HPJA.202
Abstract: Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) continue to grow in popularity, particularly among young adults. Understanding by whom various ENDS are being used and why within this population segment can assist the development of appropriate interventions targeting those most vulnerable to use and inform policy decisions in this area. Accordingly, this study assessed the demographic characteristics associated with ENDS use among Australian young adults, and reasons for current e-cigarette use. An online survey was administered to 1116 Australians aged 18-25 years (59% female). Smokers were more likely than non-smokers to report (a) ever use of ENDS (67% vs 28%), (b) ever use of an e-cigarette (64% vs 24%), e-cigar (17% vs 8%) or e-hookah (15% vs 8%) and (c) current use of e-cigarettes (19% vs 6%). Male smokers were more likely than female smokers to be current e-cigarette users. The most common reason for current e-cigarette use was enjoyment. Young male adults appear to be particularly vulnerable to becoming regular e-cigarette users. This demographic group may need to be a primary focus of prevention and intervention efforts. Contrary to popular belief, smoking cessation was not a primary reason for e-cigarette use. SO WHAT?: Greater efforts are needed to educate young adults on the harms associated with ENDS use, especially if use is being driven by the perception that they are a harmless means of amusement. Maintaining existing regulations limiting the accessibility of these products is crucial to ensuring widespread use is minimised.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2019
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 20-05-2016
DOI: 10.1017/S1368980015001536
Abstract: For more than 20 years, the FOODcents adult nutrition education programme has been delivered to Western Australians. The aim of the programme is to provide disadvantaged in iduals with the knowledge, skills and motivation to buy healthy foods on a limited budget. The present study evaluated whether the FOODcents curriculum and the way it is delivered are effective in improving participants’ nutrition-related knowledge and behaviours. Evaluation data were collected via in-session pre–post questionnaires and a post-course online questionnaire. Western Australia. Data were collected from participants attending just over one-half (54 %) of the FOODcents courses conducted over the two-year evaluation period. In total, 927 course participants provided usable data. After exposure to the course, respondents demonstrated an improved ability to: (i) categorize foods according to the frequency with which they should be consumed and the proportion of the food budget that should be allocated to them (ii) correctly interpret nutrition labels on food products and (iii) appreciate the link between diet/obesity and a range of diseases. Improvements in the latter were especially pronounced among participants of low socio-economic status. In terms of behaviour change, significant improvements in fruit and vegetable consumption were reported, along with reductions in the consumption of fast food. Participants of low socio-economic status reported the greatest changes. The results indicate that the FOODcents nutrition education programme improves participants’ nutrition-related knowledge and behaviours.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2023
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.SOCSCIMED.2015.09.025
Abstract: Adult nutrition education is an important component of broader societal efforts to address the high prevalence of nutrition-related diseases. In Australia, Aboriginal people are a critical target group for such programs because of their substantially higher rates of these diseases. The aim of this study was to assess the relative effectiveness of an adult nutrition education program for Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal participants. Pre-and post-course evaluation data were used to assess changes in confidence in ability to buy healthy foods on a budget, nutrition knowledge, and dietary behaviours among in iduals attending FOODcents nutrition education courses. The total s le of 875 Western Australians included 169 who self-identified as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander. Perceptions of course usefulness were very high and comparable between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal participants. Significantly larger improvements in confidence, nutrition knowledge, and reported consumption behaviours were evident among Aboriginal participants. The findings suggest that adult nutrition education programs that address specific knowledge and skill deficits that are common among disadvantaged groups can be effective for multiple target groups, and may also assist in reducing nutrition-related inequalities.
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 31-07-2018
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-06-2021
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 25-06-2022
DOI: 10.1177/10901981221104727
Abstract: To address concerns that healthy weight and lifestyle c aigns (HWLCs) could have unintended psychological or behavioral consequences, this study tested reactions to TV advertisements from two HWLCs: LiveLighter ® (employs graphic health effects messaging) and Swap It Don’t Stop It (employs animation and light-hearted messaging). An online between-subjects experiment tested reactions to one of five advertisements: “Toxic Fat” “Sugary Drinks” (both from LiveLighter) “Become a Swapper” “How to Swap It” (both from Swap It) and “HSBC Bank” (control) among 2,208 adults from Western Australia and Victoria, Australia. Responses assessed were cognitive and emotional reactions, behavioral intentions, internalized weight bias, antifat attitudes, self-esteem and body dissatisfaction. The HWLC advertisements prompted favorable cognitive reactions and weak to neutral positive and negative emotional responses. HWLC advertisements promoted stronger intentions to engage in adaptive lifestyle behaviors compared with the control advertisement. Intention to engage in maladaptive behaviors (e.g., skipping meals) was low overall and did not differ by condition. Compared with the control condition, participants who saw LiveLighter “Sugary Drinks” showed weaker disagreement with antifat attitudes however, mean antifat attitude scores were still at the low end of the scale. HWLC advertisements did not promote internalized weight bias, reduced self-esteem or body dissatisfaction compared with the control advertisement. Overall, HWLC advertisements performed favorably compared with the control advertisement and showed no clear evidence of adverse impacts. Findings suggest HWLC advertisements may not promote negative psychological and behavioral consequences and can continue to be used in obesity prevention efforts.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 03-11-2018
Abstract: To assess whether exposing drinkers to information about the alcohol–cancer link via multiple and erse sources in an online simulation produces larger improvements in attitudes and intentions relative to exposure to a single source of information. Experimental unequal randomization with respondents allocated to either the single-source (20%) or multiple-source condition (80%). Alcohol-related behavioral intentions were assessed preexposure and postexposure. Australia. A total of 2087 drinkers consuming alcohol at least twice per month. Scales were used to assess attitudes toward the messages (believability, convincingness, and personal relevance) and behavioral intentions (extent to which participants believed that they should and would reduce their alcohol consumption and their intention to consume 5 or more drinks in a single session). Hierarchical linear regression. Source condition was significantly associated with all 3 attitudinal variables ( P .001). Those exposed to an alcohol warning statement from multiple sources found the message more believable, convincing, and personally relevant compared to those exposed to a warning statement via a single source. They also reported significantly greater change preexposure to postexposure on the 2 behavioral beliefs that they should (Δ M = 0.25 vs Δ M = 0.09) and would (Δ M = 0.23 vs Δ M = 0.00) reduce their current alcohol consumption ( P .001). Further, those in the multiple-source condition reported reduced intentions to consume 5 or more standard drinks in a single sitting (Δ M = 0.21 vs Δ M = 0.14 P .001). Findings from the online simulation provide support for the suggestion that integrated approaches involving the combination of multiple sources to deliver a message produce superior outcomes compared to relying on a single source (eg, warning labels on alcoholic beverages).
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-06-2015
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 15-09-2021
DOI: 10.1002/HPJA.410
Abstract: Exposure to alcohol advertising has been found to be associated with more positive attitudes toward alcohol and heavier drinking among youth. Appropriate regulation of alcohol advertising is thus crucial for reducing use among members of this population group. To assist policy makers in their alcohol control efforts, this study explored the scope of Australian alcohol advertising codes and the extent to which they address issues relating to youth exposure. Two researchers assessed 628 unique alcohol advertisements against youth‐related provisions of the Alcohol Advertising Review Board (AARB) Code and Alcohol Beverages Advertising Code (ABAC). A third researcher resolved discrepancies. The ads s led were those that had been the subject of formal complaints to the AARB. Most (94%) ads were assessed as violating at least one of the AARB Code provisions relating to youth, while 36% were found to violate at least one of the ABAC youth provisions. The most frequently violated AARB Code provision related to placement, with 88% of ads located in places or broadcast at times where young people were likely to be exposed. The most frequently violated ABAC provision related to appeal to minors (33%). Results indicate that self‐regulation is an ineffective means of protecting youth from alcohol advertising, with the ABAC failing to capture many ads featuring content that appeals to youth. Greater efforts are required to protect youth from alcohol advertising. Findings from the present study reinforce calls for mandatory, evidence‐based regulation that is administered independently of the alcohol industry. An analysis of 628 unique alcohol advertisements found that the vast majority were in violation of the AARB Code's youth‐related provisions whereas substantially fewer were in violation of the ABAC, supporting arguments that self‐regulation is an ineffective means of protecting youth from alcohol advertising.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 18-01-2016
DOI: 10.1093/HER/CYV067
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 22-10-2020
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 02-08-2018
DOI: 10.1093/HER/CYY025
Abstract: Informing drinkers of the health risks associated with alcohol consumption via warning statements located on alcohol products can increase their capacity to make healthier choices. This study assessed whether exposing at-risk drinkers to warning statements relating to specific chronic diseases increases the extent to which alcohol is believed to be a risk factor for those diseases and influences consumption intentions. Australians drinking at levels associated with long-term risk of harm (n = 364 72% male) completed an online survey assessing their drinking habits, beliefs in the link between alcohol and various diseases and drinking intentions. Respondents were then exposed to one of five statements advising of the potential risks associated with alcohol consumption (either cancer, liver damage, diabetes, mental illness or heart disease). Beliefs and drinking intentions were reassessed. Significant increases in the extent to which alcohol was believed to be a risk factor for diabetes, heart disease, mental illness and cancer were found. With the exception of the liver damage and heart disease statements, exposure to each statement was associated with a significant reduction in consumption intentions. Warning statements advising of the specific chronic diseases associated with alcohol consumption can produce favourable changes in drinking intentions among at-risk drinkers.
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 2003
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 19-04-2018
DOI: 10.1111/DAR.12703
Abstract: Mass media education c aigns targeting parents may influence parent factors that reduce adolescent drinking however few such c aigns have been evaluated. The Parents, Young People and Alcohol c aign included two phases of mass media advertising, Cogs and I See, to deliver consistent messages across multiple media channels. The c aign targeted Western Australian parents of 12-17 year olds with messages describing alcohol's effect on the developing brain and adolescent physical and mental health. The c aign reinforced the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Guideline that for under 18s, not drinking is the safest option. Parent knowledge, attitudes and behaviours were assessed via cross-sectional surveys administered before the c aign (Time 1) and at two post-tests (Time 2 Time 3). Post-test c aign awareness and perceptions were also assessed. C aign awareness was high (48% Time 2 80% Time 3) and over 86% of parents found the c aign believable and relevant at both post-tests. Increased knowledge of the NHMRC guideline and lower belief in alcohol myths were found at both post-tests compared to Time 1. Less positive attitudes to parental supply were found at Time 2, but were not sustained at Time 3. Parents were more likely to have discussed alcohol risks and limiting drinking with their child at Time 3, but parent-to-child alcohol supply did not change significantly. The c aign achieved high awareness and positively influenced parental outcomes. Longer term c aign implementation supported by policy and environmental measures may be required to change parental supply.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2018
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 11-02-2022
DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2021.1884845
Abstract: Volunteering has been identified as a potential mechanism for improving the psychosocial health of older adults. Utilizing a randomized controlled trial approach, the present study assessed the extent to which commencing volunteering can improve psychosocial health outcomes for older people. Fully retired Australian adults aged 60+ years (
Publisher: Alcohol Research Documentation, Inc.
Date: 05-2020
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 1994
DOI: 10.1109/26.339836
Publisher: IEEE Comput. Soc. Press
Date: 1995
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 14-10-2015
DOI: 10.1111/IJPO.12069
Abstract: Child obesity interventions need to be based on a sound understanding of the factors that influence children's diets. To investigate the relationship between a range of predictor variables and the frequency with which Australian children consume energy-dense, nutrient-poor (EDNP) foods. A web panel provider was used to access 1302 parents of Australian children aged 8-14 years who responded to an online survey about their children's diets. Structural equation modelling was conducted to test a model of the factors contributing to the frequency of children's unhealthy food consumption. Of the tested variables, consumption of EDNP foods was primarily influenced by parents' attitudes to these foods, children's pestering behaviours and perceived social norms relating to children's consumption of these products. Both pestering and social norms had significant direct effects on consumption frequency as well as indirect effects via their impact on parents' attitudes to EDNP foods. Environmental factors that contribute to both pestering and social norms are likely to be critical considerations in the development of child obesity interventions.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 11-06-2018
DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2018.1473433
Abstract: Parental provision of alcohol to their underage child has been associated with risky adolescent drinking. While parents' belief in the appropriateness of providing their child with alcohol may influence their provision behaviors, research into the factors associated with this belief is lacking. This study sought to identify the factors associated with parents' belief in the appropriateness of providing alcohol to their underage child. Western Australian parents of 12-17 year olds (n = 443) completed an online survey assessing their drinking habits, alcohol provision behaviors, alcohol-related beliefs and attitudes, their child's alcohol consumption, and demographics. Nearly half (44%) the parents surveyed reported providing their underage child with alcohol. Parents of older children and parents who (i) did not believe in the harms and recommendations associated with alcohol use in youth, (ii) agreed with youth-related drinking myths, and (iii) reported more occasions of alcohol consumption by their child were more likely to believe that it was appropriate to provide alcohol to their underage child. Those who believed providing alcohol to their underage child was appropriate were in turn more likely to provide alcohol. Interventions aiming to reduce parental provision of alcohol to children should focus on changing parents' beliefs that this is an appropriate harm minimization behavior. Belief change may be facilitated by the implementation of public education c aigns that increase parents' belief in the alcohol-related harms associated with youth drinking and debunk youth-related drinking myths.
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 23-03-2018
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 06-2020
Abstract: Retirement has been identified as a life transition that is important in determining older adults’ physical activity levels. The present study examined the factors associated with retirement that affect physical activity participation among older adults. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 425 retired Australians aged 60 years and older. Physical activity was assessed objectively, using accelerometers. Two categories of factors affecting physical activity participation following retirement were identified: the various physical and psychological changes in later life that can encourage or discourage physical activity and the adaptation processes undertaken by older people in response to these changes. The adoption of either a gain or loss approach to retirement and aging appeared to be the most influential adaptation factor affecting physical activity participation. The results suggest that intervention approaches should aim to foster more positive attitudes to aging and retirement and promote physical activity at all stages in life.
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 19-07-2018
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-09-2022
DOI: 10.1002/PON.5819
Abstract: Haematological cancer patients are particularly vulnerable to the effects of COVID‐19. In addition to being immunocompromised, pandemic‐related travel restrictions have impacted access to treatments and overseas stem cell donations for patients requiring transplantation. Given this vulnerability, people with haematological cancers are at risk of experiencing heightened distress during the pandemic. This study aimed to explore haematological cancer patients' experiences and needs. Twenty‐four Australian haematological cancer patients completed semi‐structured interviews exploring their concerns and worries during the pandemic, impact of pandemic on management of disease, access to information and support, lifestyle changes, and attitudes towards emerging models of healthcare during the pandemic. Interview transcripts were thematically analysed. Four themes reflecting the experiences of haematological cancer patients during the pandemic were identified: ‘Fears about contracting COVID‐19' (behaviour changes to protect health, impact on daily routine and habits, annoyance at dismissive attitude of others toward COVID‐19) ‘Reduced sense of connection and support’ (reduced social support and access to external support services) ‘New challenges’ (increased financial hardship, worsened health), and ‘Underlying system and communication issues' (access to trusted information, satisfaction/dissatisfaction with care, navigating telehealth). Participants expressed a need for improved access to support services and trusted information. The findings emphasise the additional challenges experienced by haematological cancer patients during the COVID‐19 pandemic and their impact on daily life. Results point to the importance of validation of increased distress during periods of uncertainty reinforcing recommendations about high‐quality sources of information and facilitating access to support services when face‐to‐face care is limited.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 08-01-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2020
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 02-04-2020
Abstract: Limited research has investigated the effect of housing type on older people’s physical activity, and the small amount of work to date has relied on self-reported activity levels. The aim of this study was to assess whether housing type is associated with objectively measured physical activity among community-dwelling older people. In total, 430 Australians aged 60 years and older completed a survey and wore an accelerometer for a week. Controlling for a range of confounding variables (age, gender, physical health, neighborhood walkability, and the density of open spaces in the local area), participants living in separate houses were found to engage in higher levels of activity compared with those living in retirement villages. In addition, those living in separate houses and apartments were significantly more likely to meet the physical activity guideline of 150+ min/week compared with those living in retirement villages.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 30-04-2016
Start Date: 2018
End Date: 2020
Funder: Healthway
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2018
End Date: 2019
Funder: Cancer Council Western Australia
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2018
End Date: 2019
Funder: National Health and Medical Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2017
End Date: 2018
Funder: Healthway
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2016
End Date: 2017
Funder: Mental Health Commission
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2015
End Date: 2017
Funder: Healthway
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2022
End Date: 2024
Funder: Healthway
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2021
End Date: 2020
Funder: National Health and Medical Research Council
View Funded Activity