ORCID Profile
0000-0002-9616-0441
Current Organisation
Universidade Lusófona
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Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2023
DOI: 10.1016/J.SOCSCIMED.2022.115569
Abstract: The associations between the number of COVID-19 cases/deaths and subsequent uptake of protective behaviors may reflect cognitive and behavioral responses to threat-relevant information. Applying protection motivation theory (PMT), this study explored whether the number of total COVID-19 cases/deaths and general anxiety were associated with cross-situational handwashing adherence and whether these associations were mediated by PMT-specific self-regulatory cognitions (threat appraisal: perceived vulnerability, perceived illness severity coping appraisal: self-efficacy, response efficacy, response costs). The study (#NCT04367337) was conducted in March-September 2020 among 1256 adults residing in 14 countries. Self-reports on baseline general anxiety levels, handwashing adherence across 12 situations, and PMT-related constructs were collected using an online survey at two points in time, four weeks apart. Values of COVID-19 cases and deaths were retrieved twice for each country (one week prior to the in idual data collection). Across countries and time, levels of adherence to handwashing guidelines were high. Path analysis indicated that smaller numbers of COVID-19 cases/deaths (Time 0 T0) were related to stronger self-efficacy (T1), which in turn was associated with higher handwashing adherence (T3). Lower general anxiety (T1) was related to better adherence (T3), with this effect mediated by higher response efficacy (T1, T3) and lower response cost (T3). However, higher general anxiety (T1) was related to better adherence via higher illness severity (T1, T3). General anxiety was unrelated to COVID-19 indicators. We found a complex pattern of associations between the numbers of COVID-19 cases/deaths, general anxiety, PMT variables, and handwashing adherence at the early stages of the pandemic. Higher general anxiety may enable threat appraisal (perceived illness severity), but it may hinder coping appraisal (response efficacy and response costs). The indicators of the trajectory of the pandemic (i.e., the smaller number of COVID-19 cases) may be indirectly associated with higher handwashing adherence via stronger self-efficacy.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 30-07-2009
DOI: 10.1007/S00038-009-5406-8
Abstract: To examine cross-cultural differences in the prevalence of school children's subjective health types and the pattern of socio-demographic and socio-economic differences. Within the cross-sectional Health Behaviour in School-aged Children 2005/2006 Survey 200,000 school children aged 11, 13 and 15 answered a general health item, the Cantrill life satisfaction ladder and a subjective health complaints checklist. ANOVA and multilevel logistic regression models were conducted. Overall, 44% of the respondents reported multiple recurrent health complaints, only poor to fair general health, low life satisfaction or a combination of these. Older adolescents (OR: 1.1-1.6) and girls (OR: 1.2-1.4) reported more health problems, the gender difference increased with age (OR: 1.3-1.6). Low socio-economic status was also associated with health problems (OR: 1.4-2.3). Sizeable cross-national variation in the prevalence of health types and the impact of the above mentioned factors were observed, yet the main pattern of impact could be confirmed cross-culturally. Increasing social and gender role pressure with growing age, as well as restricted access to material resources and psychosocial strains are discussed as potential explanations for the observed health inequalities.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 30-07-2009
DOI: 10.1007/S00038-009-5407-7
Abstract: To test the psychometric properties and measurement results of the KIDSCREEN-10 Mental Health Index in school children from 15 European countries. Within the cross-sectional Health Behaviour in School-aged Children 2005/2006 Survey, 78,000 pupils aged 11, 13, 15 answered the KIDSCREEN and additional measures. Cronbach's alpha, Rasch partial credit model itemfit and ANOVAs were conducted. Cronbach's alpha was 0.81, Rasch infit mean square residuals were 0.7-1.3. Mean scores varied 0.8 standard deviation across countries. Older pupils (effect size [ES] = 0.6), girls (ES = 0.2), pupils with low socio-economic status (ES = 0.5) or frequent health complaints (r = 0.5) reported decreased mental health. The KIDSCREEN-10 displayed good psychometric properties. Measured differences between countries, age, gender, SES, and health complaints comply with theoretical considerations.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2020
Publisher: InTech
Date: 23-08-2017
DOI: 10.5772/65198
Location: Portugal
No related grants have been discovered for Tania Gaspar.