ORCID Profile
0000-0003-4502-1457
Current Organisations
National Institute for Plant Genome Research
,
UNSW Sydney
,
University of Oxford
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Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 17-12-2019
DOI: 10.1038/S41366-019-0507-9
Abstract: While recent evidence suggests that the overall prevalence of overweight in young children in Bangladesh is low, little is known about variation in trends by sex, socioeconomic status, urbanicity, and region. We investigated the trends in overweight among children aged 24-59 months by these factors, using nationally representative s les from Bangladesh Demographic and Health Surveys (BDHS) between 2004 and 2014. Data from four BDHS surveys conducted between 2004 and 2014, with valid height and weight measurements of children, were included in this study (n = 15,648). BMI was calculated and the prevalence of overweight (including obesity) was reported using the International Obesity Taskforce (IOTF) classification system. To explore the association between socioeconomic status and childhood overweight, we used multivariable logistic regression. The overall prevalence of overweight among children aged 24-59 months increased from 1.60% (95% CI: 1.20-2.05%) in 2004 to 2.33% (95% CI: 1.82-2.76%) in 2014. Among girls, the overweight trend increased significantly (adjusted odds ratio (OR) comparing 2014 vs. 2004: 2.02 95% CI: 1.52-2.68), whereas among boys the trend remained steady. When compared with households with the poorest wealth index, households with richest wealth index had higher odds of childhood overweight among both boys (OR 2.39, 95% CI: 1.76-3.25) and girls (OR 1.86, 95% CI: 1.35-2.55). Higher household education level was also associated with childhood overweight. Subgroup analyses showed that relative inequalities by these factors increased between 2004 and 2014 when adjusted for potential confounders. There is a rising trend in overweight prevalence exclusively among girls aged 24-59 months in Bangladesh. Childhood overweight is associated with higher household education and wealth index, and the relative disparity by these factors appears to be increasing over time. These unmet inequalities should be considered while developing national public health programs and strategies.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-2020
DOI: 10.1007/S10654-020-00649-W
Abstract: To date, non-pharmacological interventions (NPI) have been the mainstay for controlling the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. While NPIs are effective in preventing health systems overload, these long-term measures are likely to have significant adverse economic consequences. Therefore, many countries are currently considering to lift the NPIs—increasing the likelihood of disease resurgence. In this regard, dynamic NPIs, with intervals of relaxed social distancing, may provide a more suitable alternative. However, the ideal frequency and duration of intermittent NPIs, and the ideal “break” when interventions can be temporarily relaxed, remain uncertain, especially in resource-poor settings. We employed a multivariate prediction model, based on up-to-date transmission and clinical parameters, to simulate outbreak trajectories in 16 countries, from erse regions and economic categories. In each country, we then modelled the impacts on intensive care unit (ICU) admissions and deaths over an 18-month period for following scenarios: (1) no intervention, (2) consecutive cycles of mitigation measures followed by a relaxation period, and (3) consecutive cycles of suppression measures followed by a relaxation period. We defined these dynamic interventions based on reduction of the mean reproduction number during each cycle, assuming a basic reproduction number ( R 0 ) of 2.2 for no intervention, and subsequent effective reproduction numbers ( R ) of 0.8 and 0.5 for illustrative dynamic mitigation and suppression interventions, respectively. We found that dynamic cycles of 50-day mitigation followed by a 30-day relaxation reduced transmission, however, were unsuccessful in lowering ICU hospitalizations below manageable limits. By contrast, dynamic cycles of 50-day suppression followed by a 30-day relaxation kept the ICU demands below the national capacities. Additionally, we estimated that a significant number of new infections and deaths, especially in resource-poor countries, would be averted if these dynamic suppression measures were kept in place over an 18-month period. This multi-country analysis demonstrates that intermittent reductions of R below 1 through a potential combination of suppression interventions and relaxation can be an effective strategy for COVID-19 pandemic control. Such a “schedule” of social distancing might be particularly relevant to low-income countries, where a single, prolonged suppression intervention is unsustainable. Efficient implementation of dynamic suppression interventions, therefore, confers a pragmatic option to: (1) prevent critical care overload and deaths, (2) gain time to develop preventive and clinical measures, and (3) reduce economic hardship globally.
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 15-02-2019
DOI: 10.1101/546333
Abstract: Little is known about the relative contributions of maternal and socioeconomic factors on low birth weight in Bangladesh and whether they differ by sex. We examined the prevalence and associated maternal and socioeconomic factors of low birth weight separately among boys and girls. This is a cross-sectional study based on the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2014. A total of 4728 children with information on birth size were included in this study. Low birth weight was defined according to mother’s perception of birth size of their children. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the association between maternal and socioeconomic factors with low birth weight. The overall prevalence of low birth weight was 17.8% among boys and 22.4% among girls. Low birth weight was associated with maternal factors like maternal age of years at birth (adjusted OR vs. 20-29 years: 1.40, 95% CI 1.09-1.78), and maternal undernutrition (adjusted OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.05-1.69) among boys while only the association with maternal undernutrition was significant among girls. The association for no antenatal care visit was explained by socioeconomic factors. Lower level of mother’s education and poorest wealth index were found to be associated with low birth weight in both sexes. Our study identifies that maternal factors are associated with increased risk of having low birth weight babies, which cannot be explained by socioeconomic factors, and vice versa. Community-based interventions to reduce low birth weight in Bangladesh should focus on these factors. To the best of our knowledge our study is the first study in Bangladesh that has looked at the factors for low birth weight separately among boys and girls. We used multiple logistic regression to examine the associations of maternal and socioeconomic factors with low birth weight in a large and nationally-representative s le. This study is limited because we used mother’s perception of child’s size at birth to define low birth weight. We did not have information about gestational age and thereby could not take prematurity into account in our study.
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 28-09-2020
DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.28.316448
Abstract: With the proposed pathophysiologic mechanism of neurologic injury by SARS COV-2 the frequency of stroke and henceforth the related hospital admissions were expected to rise. In this paper we investigate this presumption by comparing the frequency of admissions of stroke cases in Bangladesh before and during the pandemic. We conducted a retrospective analysis of stroke admissions in a 100-bed stroke unit at the National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (NINS& H) which is considerably a large stroke unit. We considered all the admitted cases from the 1 st January to the 30 th June, 2020. We used Poisson regressions to determine whether statistically significant changes in admission counts can be found before and after 25 March since when there is a surge in COVID-19 infections. A total of 1394 stroke patients got admitted during the study period. Half of the patients were older than 60 years, whereas only 2.6% were 30 years old or younger with a male-female ratio of 1.06:1. From January to March, 2020 the mean rate of admission was 302.3 cases per month which dropped to 162.3 cases per month from April to June with an overall reduction of 46.3% in acute stroke admission per month. In those two periods, reductions in average admission per month for ischemic stroke (IST), intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and venous stroke (VS) were 45.5%, 37.2%, 71.4% and 39.0%, respectively. Based on weekly data, results of Poisson regressions confirm that the average number of admissions per week dropped significantly during the last three months of the s le period. Further, in the first three months, a total of 22 cases of hyperacute stroke management were done whereas in the last three months there was an 86.4% reduction in the number of hyperacute stroke patients getting reperfusion treatment. Only 38 patients (2.7%) were later found to be RT- PCR for SARS Cov-2 positive based on nasal swab testing. Our study revealed more than fifty percent reduction in acute stroke admission during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is still elusive whether the reduction is related to the fear of getting infected by COVID-19 from hospitalization or the overall restriction on public movement and stay-home measures.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-06-2021
DOI: 10.1186/S13019-021-01556-1
Abstract: Readmission after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery is associated with adverse outcomes and significant healthcare costs, and 30-day readmission rate is considered as a key indicator of the quality of care. This study aims to: quantify rates of readmission within 30 days of CABG surgery explore the causes of readmissions and investigate how patient- and hospital-level factors influence readmission. We conducted systematic searches (until June 2020) of PubMed and Embase databases to retrieve observational studies that investigated readmission after CABG. Random effect meta-analysis was used to estimate rates and predictors of 30-day post-CABG readmission. In total, 53 studies meeting inclusion criteria were identified, including 8,937,457 CABG patients. The pooled 30-day readmission rate was 12.9% (95% CI: 11.3–14.4%). The most frequently reported underlying causes of 30-day readmissions were infection and sepsis (range: 6.9–28.6%), cardiac arrythmia (4.5–26.7%), congestive heart failure (5.8–15.7%), respiratory complications (1–20%) and pleural effusion (0.4–22.5%). In idual factors including age (OR per 10-year increase 1.12 [95% CI: 1.04–1.20]), female sex (OR 1.29 [1.25–1.34]), non-White race (OR 1.15 [1.10–1.21]), not having private insurance (OR 1.39 [1.27–1.51]) and various comorbidities were strongly associated with 30-day readmission rates, whereas associations with hospital factors including hospital CABG volume, surgeon CABG volume, hospital size, hospital quality and teaching status were inconsistent. Nearly 1 in 8 CABG patients are readmitted within 30 days and the majority of these are readmitted for noncardiac causes. Readmission rates are strongly influenced by patients’ demographic and clinical characteristics, but not by broadly defined hospital characteristics.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2021
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-2019
DOI: 10.1186/S40885-019-0134-8
Abstract: Although there has been a well-established association between overweight-obesity and hypertension, whether such associations are heterogeneous for South Asian populations, or for different socioeconomic groups is not well-known. We explored the associations of overweight and obesity using South Asian cut-offs with hypertension, and also examined the relationships between body mass index (BMI) and hypertension in various socioeconomic subgroups. We analysed the recent Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data from Bangladesh, India, and Nepal, with a total of 821,040 men and women. Hypertension was defined by 2017 ACC/AHA cut-offs and by Joint National Committee 7 (JNC7) cut-offs for measured blood pressure and overweight and obesity were defined by measured height and weight. We used multiple logistic regressions to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of hypertension for overweight and obesity as well as for each 5-unit increase in BMI. The prevalence of hypertension using JNC7 cut-offs among participants increased by age in all three countries. The prevalence ranged from 17.4% in 35–44 years to 34.9% in ≥55 years in Bangladesh, from 4.6% in 18–24 years to 28.6% in 45–54 years in India, and from 3.8% in 18–24 years to 39.2% in ≥55 years in Nepal. Men were more likely to be hypertensive than women in India and Nepal, but not in Bangladesh. Overweight and obesity using both WHO and South Asian cut-offs were associated with higher odds of hypertension in all countries. For each 5 kg/m 2 increase in BMI, the ORs for hypertension were 1.79 (95% CI: 1.65–1.93), 1.59 (95% CI: 1.58–1.61), and 2.03 (95% CI: 1.90–2.16) in Bangladesh, India, and Nepal, respectively. The associations between BMI and hypertension were consistent across various subgroups defined by sex, age, urbanicity, educational attainment and household’s wealth index. Our study shows that the association of BMI with hypertension is stronger for South Asian populations at even lower cut-offs points for overweight and obesity. Therefore, public health measures to reduce population-level reduction in BMI in all population groups would also help in lowering the burden of hypertension.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2021
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 25-01-2018
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 12-04-2019
DOI: 10.1101/605469
Abstract: Although there has been a well-established association between adiposity and hypertension, whether such associations are heterogeneous for South Asian populations or for different socioeconomic groups is not well-known. We analysed the recent Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data from Bangladesh, India, and Nepal to estimate the age-specific prevalence of hypertension and the association of body mass index (BMI) with hypertension. We used multiple logistic regressions to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of hypertension for overweight and obesity as well as for each 5-unit increase in BMI. The overall prevalence for hypertension among participants aged 35-44 years were 17.4%, 20%, and 22.5% for Bangladesh, India, and Nepal, respectively. For all age groups, men were more likely to be hypertensive than women in India and Nepal, but not in Bangladesh. Overweight and obesity were associated with higher odds of hypertension in all countries. For each 5 kg/m 2 increase in BMI, the ORs for hypertension were 1.79 (95% CI: 1.65-1.93), 1.59 (95% CI: 1.58-1.61), and 2.03 (95% CI: 1.90-2.16) in Bangladesh, India, and Nepal, respectively. The associations between BMI and hypertension were consistent across various subgroups defined by sex, age, urbanicity, educational attainment and household’s wealth index. Our study shows that the association of BMI with hypertension is stronger for South Asian populations, and public health measures to reduce population-level reduction in BMI would also help in lowering the burden of hypertension.
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 12-04-2019
DOI: 10.1101/605402
Abstract: Developing countries are now facing double burden of undernutrition and overnutrition among children and adults. We aimed to explore the double burden of malnutrition among children aged 24-59 months by household’s socioeconomic status in South Asian context. Children with valid information on height and weight from the latest Demographic and Health Survey from Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, Mal es, and Nepal were included in this study. Underweight and overweight were defined according to definitions of World Health Organisation and International Obesity Task Force, respectively. We used multiple logistic regressions to estimate the association of socioeconomic status with childhood underweight and overweight. South Asian countries had significant burden of underweight, ranging from 19% in Mal es to 38% in India. Bangladesh, India, and Nepal had prevalence of overweight between 2% and 4%, whereas Pakistan and Mal es had prevalence of 7% and 9%, respectively. Households with higher wealth index and education were consistently associated with lower odds of underweight children. When compared to poorest households, richest households had higher odds of being overweight in Bangladesh (OR 1.96, 95% CI 1.27-3.02) and India (OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.41-1.66) while lower odds of being overweight in Pakistan (OR 0.22, 95% CI 0.14-0.34). Households with higher education were more likely to have overweight children in Bangladesh and India. Childhood underweight is associated with lower socioeconomic conditions while there is a substantial burden of childhood overweight in higher socioeconomic groups. These disparities by socioeconomic conditions should be considered while developing national nutrition programs and strategies. In South Asia, there is a substantial burden of undernutrition among under-five children while a differential burden of overnutrition is also seen. Household wealth and educational attainment were inversely associated with childhood underweight. Children in households with higher levels of wealth and educational attainment were more likely to be overweight in Bangladesh and India, while evidence supporting such association was not clear for other South Asian countries. The urban-rural difference in the burden of childhood underweight and overweight can be explained by the distributions of households’ socioeconomic status.
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 06-04-2023
DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PGPH.0001762
Abstract: Pregnancy-related healthcare utilization is inadequate in Bangladesh, where more than half of pregnant women do not receive optimum number of antenatal care (ANC) visits or do not deliver child in hospitals. Mobile phone use could improve such healthcare utilization however, limited evidence exists in Bangladesh. We investigated the pattern, trends, and factors associated with mobile phone use for pregnancy-related healthcare and how this can impact at least 4 ANC visits and hospital delivery in the country. We analyzed cross-sectional data from Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) 2014 (n = 4,465) and 2017–18 (n = 4,903). Only 28.5% and 26.6% women reported using mobile phones for pregnancy-related causes in 2014 and 2017–18, respectively. Majority of the time, women used mobile phones to seek information or to contact service providers. In both survey periods, women with a higher education level, more educated husbands, a higher household wealth index, and residence in certain administrative isions had greater likelihoods of using mobile phones for pregnancy-related causes. In BDHS 2014, proportions of at least 4 ANC and hospital delivery were, respectively, 43.3% and 57.0% among users, and 26.4% and 31.2% among non-users. In adjusted analysis, the odds of utilizing at least 4 ANC were 1.6 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.4–1.9) in BDHS 2014 and 1.4 (95% CI: 1.3–1.7) in BDHS 2017–18 among users. Similarly, in BDHS 2017–18, proportions of at least 4 ANC and hospital delivery were, respectively, 59.1% and 63.8% among users, and 42.8% and 45.1% among non-users. The adjusted odds of hospital delivery were also high, 2.0 (95% CI: 1.7–2.4) in BDHS 2014 and 1.5 (95% CI: 1.3–1.8) in BDHS 2017–18. Women with history of using mobile phones for pregnancy-related causes were more likely to utilize at least 4 ANC visits and deliver in health facilities, however, most women were not using mobile phones for that.
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 22-07-2022
DOI: 10.3389/FGENE.2022.900253
Abstract: Epigenomics has become a significant research interest at a time when rapid environmental changes are occurring. Epigenetic mechanisms mainly result from systems like DNA methylation, histone modification, and RNA interference. Epigenetic mechanisms are gaining importance in classical genetics, developmental biology, molecular biology, cancer biology, epidemiology, and evolution. Epigenetic mechanisms play important role in the action and interaction of plant genes during development, and also have an impact on classical plant breeding programs, inclusive of novel variation, single plant heritability, hybrid vigor, plant-environment interactions, stress tolerance, and performance stability. The epigenetics and epigenomics may be significant for crop adaptability and pliability to ambient alterations, directing to the creation of stout climate-resilient elegant crop cultivars. In this review, we have summarized recent progress made in understanding the epigenetic mechanisms in plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses and have also tried to provide the ways for the efficient utilization of epigenomic mechanisms in developing climate-resilient crop cultivars, especially in chickpea, and other legume crops.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2023
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.SMRV.2016.02.007
Abstract: The objective of this systematic review is to synthesize the evidence on prevalence, polysomnographic findings and clinical outcomes of co-morbid obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) - known as the "overlap syndrome". We systematically searched PubMed on 1 December 2015 using appropriate medical subject headings (MeSH) and text words to capture prevalence studies and comparative studies of any observational design examining the clinical outcomes in patients with co-existent COPD and OSA. We reviewed 591 articles and included 27 in the final review. In total, 21 observational studies (n = 29,341 participants) provided prevalence estimates. Overlap syndrome is not common in the general and hospital population (range: 1.0-3.6%), but is highly prevalent in patients diagnosed with either obstructive sleep apnea (range: 7.6-55.7%) or COPD (range: 2.9-65.9%). Overlap syndrome patients have been shown to have greater nocturnal oxygen desaturation (NOD) (i.e., reduced mean peripheral capillary oxygen saturation (SpO
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 09-2021
Abstract: Higher adult body mass index (BMI) increases diabetes risk, whereas, paradoxically, lower birthweight is associated with higher risks of adult-onset diabetes. Increased diabetes risks associated with low birthweight might be due to increased risks among those who become overweight or obese as adults but evidence on risks among those of normal BMI is limited. In the Million Women Study, 413,516 women without prior diabetes, at mean age 60(SD5) years, reported their birthweight, and current height and weight. Birthweight and BMI at age 60 years were validated against recorded values at similar ages. Participants were followed for diabetes by electronic linkage to national hospital admissions records. Cox regression yielded multivariable-adjusted relative risks (RRs) for diabetes, overall and sub ided simultaneously by categories of birthweight and adult BMI. During 15(SD3) years follow-up, 24,528 women had hospital admissions with diabetes, first recorded at average age 70(SD6) years. Adult-onset diabetes risks increased strongly with increasing adult BMI (RR per 5 kg/m2 increase: 2.03, 95% CI 2.01-2.06). Compared to those with birthweight 3.0-3.4 kg, RRs of diabetes for birthweight & .5 kg and ≥4.0 kg were 1.35(1.30-1.38) and 0.73(0.70-0.75), respectively. The association between low birthweight and increased diabetes risk was strongly evident among women who were of normal BMI, overweight and obese (p & 0.0001 for each). At every level of adult adiposity, there were strong inverse associations between birthweight and adult-onset diabetes risk. While adult adiposity increases diabetes risk, there is a strong and independent increase in diabetes risk with decreasing birthweight.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-07-2017
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 02-08-2023
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-03-2019
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-019-40072-0
Abstract: Breast cancer patients commonly present with comorbidities which are known to influence treatment decisions and survival. We aim to examine agreement between self-reported and register-based medical records (National Patient Register [NPR]). Ascertainment of nine conditions, using in idually-linked data from 64,961 women enrolled in the Swedish KARolinska MAmmography Project for Risk Prediction of Breast Cancer (KARMA) study. Agreement was assessed using observed proportion of agreement (overall agreement), expected proportion of agreement, and Cohen’s Kappa statistic. Two-stage logistic regression models taking into account chance agreement were used to identify potential predictors of overall agreement. High levels of overall agreement (i.e. ≥86.6%) were observed for all conditions. Substantial agreement (Cohen’s Kappa) was observed for myocardial infarction (0.74), diabetes (0.71) and stroke (0.64) between self-reported and NPR data. Moderate agreement was observed for preecl sia (0.51) and hypertension (0.46). Fair agreement was observed for heart failure (0.40) and polycystic ovaries or ovarian cysts (0.27). For hyperlipidemia (0.14) and angina (0.10), slight agreement was observed. In most subgroups we observed negative specific agreement of %. There is no clear reference data source for ascertainment of conditions. Negative specific agreement between NPR and self-reported data is consistently high across all conditions.
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 16-05-2018
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 20-07-2022
DOI: 10.1017/S0007114522002306
Abstract: It is unclear whether there is any association between psychological distress and unhealthy dietary habits among adolescents in low- and middle-income countries. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of these factors in South-East Asia region and investigate their associations. We used data from the Global School-based Health Survey for nine South-East Asian countries. Psychological distress was defined by presence of ≥ 2 factors from loneliness, anxiety, suicide ideation, suicide planning and suicide attempt. We assessed inadequate fruit intake, inadequate vegetable intake, daily soft drink and weekly fast-food consumption. We used random-effects meta-analysis to estimate pooled prevalence. Logistic regressions were used to estimate OR of unhealthy dietary behaviours for psychological distress. Among 30 013 adolescents (56 % girls) aged 12–15 years, the prevalence of psychological distress was 11·0 %, with girls reporting slightly higher than boys (11·8 % v . 10·1 %). The prevalence of inadequate fruit intake, inadequate vegetable intake, daily soft drink consumption and weekly fast-food consumption was 42 %, 26 %, 40 % and 57 %, respectively. Psychological distress was associated with inadequate fruit intake (pooled OR = 1·20, 95 % CI 1·03, 1·40), inadequate vegetable intake (pooled OR = 1·17, 1·05, 1·31) and daily soft drink consumption (pooled OR = 1·14, 1·03, 1·26) but not with weekly fast-food consumption (pooled OR = 1·13, 0·96, 1·31). We observed substantial cross-country variations in prevalence and OR estimates. In conclusion, South-East Asian adolescents have significant burden of psychological distress and unhealthy dietary behaviours, with those having psychological distress are more likely to have unhealthy dietary behaviours. Our findings will guide preventative interventions and inform relevant policies around adolescent nutrition in the region.
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 03-2020
DOI: 10.1136/BMJOPEN-2019-032866
Abstract: We aimed to investigate the socioeconomic inequalities in the burden of underweight and overweight among children in South Asia. We also examined other factors that were associated with these outcomes independently of household’s socioeconomic status. Nationally-representative surveys. Demographic and Health Surveys from Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, Mal es and Nepal, which were conducted between 2009 and 2016. Children aged 24 to 59 months with valid measurement for height and weight (n=146 996). Primary exposures were household’s wealth index and level of education. Underweight and overweight were defined according to the WHO and International Obesity Task Force definitions, respectively. Underweight prevalence was 37% in Bangladesh, 38% in India, 19% in Mal es, 29% in Nepal and 28% in Pakistan. Bangladesh, India and Nepal had similar overweight prevalence (between 2% and 4%) whereas Pakistan (7%) and Mal es (9%) had higher prevalence. Households with higher wealth index or education had lower odds of having underweight children. Adjusted ORs of underweight for richest versus poorest households were 0.4 (95% CI: 0.3 to 0.5), 0.5 (95% CI: 0.5 to 0.6), 0.5 (95% CI: 0.2 to 1.4), 0.5 (95% CI: 0.3 to 0.8) and 0.7 (95% CI: 0.5 to 1.1) for Bangladesh, India, Mal es, Nepal and Pakistan, respectively. Compared with poorest households, richest households were more likely to have overweight children in all countries except Pakistan, but such associations were not significant after adjustment for other factors. There were higher odds of having overweight children in households with higher education in Bangladesh (OR 2.1 (95% CI: 1.3 to 3.5)), India (OR 1.2 (95% CI: 1.2 to 1.3)) and Pakistan (OR 1.8 (95% CI: 1.1 to 2.9)) when compared with households with no education. Maternal nutritional status was consistently associated with children’s nutritional outcomes after adjustments for socioeconomic status. Our study provides evidence for socioeconomic inequalities for childhood underweight and overweight in South Asian countries, although the directions of associations for underweight and overweight might be different.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 26-05-2016
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-10-2023
Publisher: IGI Global
Date: 07-08-2023
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-6684-7232-3.CH013
Abstract: Soil salinity, one of the main abiotic risks to agricultural products, lowers agricultural yields, and as a result, the world's rising population confronts substantial food challenges. It's one of the world's most pressing abiotic issues, affecting 30% or more of irrigated land. Saline stress is caused by a number of different salt concentrations however, NaCl is by far the most common salt in the ground. High salt stress is the reason for delay in seed germination, which may be caused by either the osmotic potential of the water or by the effects of certain toxic ions. This chapter covers seed priming and salt resistance approaches that generate biochemical, physiological, and structural processes in saline stress, and the interaction between seed priming and salt resistance. Priming with nanoparticles (NPs) needs more study to reduce the negative effects of salinity stress on a variety of crops grown in extreme conditions.
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
No related grants have been discovered for Md Shajedur Rahman Shawon.