ORCID Profile
0000-0002-9137-4141
Current Organisation
Curtin University
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Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.JAD.2019.01.038
Abstract: The association between mood disorders in parents and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) risk in offspring has been investigated in several studies, but the evidence is inconclusive. This systematic review and meta-analysis will explore whether an association exists between parental mood disorders and ASD risk in offspring. A literature search was performed using the electronic databases PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and Scopus. We also reviewed reference lists from retrieved articles. Meta-analysis was conducted, and combined effect values and their 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Study-specific risk ratios (RRs) were pooled using a random effect model. The risk of publication bias was assessed by funnel plot and Egger's regression asymmetry test. Nine observational studies (two cohort and seven case-control studies) were included for analysis. Our meta-analysis found a greater risk of ASD in children exposed to parental affective, depressive, and bipolar disorders [(RRs 1.65 (95%CI 1.45-1.88) 1.37 (95%CI 1.04-1.81) and 1.87 95%CI 1.69-2.07) respectively]. We also found increased ASD risk in children of mothers who experienced affective and depressive disorders [(RRs 1.67 (95%CI 1.34-2.09) and 1.62 (95%CI 1.32-1.99) respectively]. We found no increased risk of ASD in children exposed to paternal affective and depressive disorders. Subgroup and sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of our main analysis. The evidence from the present study suggests parental affective, depressive and bipolar, as well as maternal affective and depressive disorders increased the risk of ASD in offspring. Exposure to affective and depressive disorders in fathers only was not linked with ASD risk in children.
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 20-11-2020
DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0241581
Abstract: There is a paucity of research on the prevalence of diagnosed as well as undiagnosed neurological disorders with episodic manifestations such as epilepsy and migraine headaches in people with severe psychiatric disorders (SPD). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study analyzing and comparing the prevalence of diagnosed and undiagnosed chronic neurological disorders with episodic manifestations including epilepsy and migraine headache in people with SPD. This quantitative cross-sectional survey was undertaken among 309 patients with SPD selected by a systematic random s ling technique. The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID) was used to confirm SPD among the participants. The International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-3) and International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) were used to define migraine headache and epilepsy, respectively]. Risk factors for chronic neurologic disorders were explored by using logistic regression models. In this study, the prevalence of overall neurological disorders, epilepsy, and migraine headache among people with SPD were found to be 5.2% (95%CI 3.2–8.3), 1.6% (95%CI 0.7–3.9), and 3.9% (95%CI 2.2–6.7), respectively. We found that a considerably higher proportion of people with SPD had undiagnosed overall neurological disorder (87.5% 14/16), epilepsy (60% 3/5), as well as migraine headaches (100% 12/12). On the other hand, in this study, 12.5%, 40%, and 0% of patients with overall neurologic disorder, epilepsy, and migraine headaches respectively were diagnosed by the professionals. Higher disability score (WHODAS score) was associated with increased odds of having neurological disorders compared with the lower WHODAS score [OR = 1.30 (95% CI 1.02–1.66)]. Whilst the prevalence estimates of neurological disorders with episodic manifestations including epilepsy and migraine headache was high among people with SPD, the vast majority of them remained undiagnosed. The diagnosis rates of those disorders were significantly low, perhaps surprisingly zero for migraine headache. High WHODAS score was associated with increased odds of having neurological disorders. Routine screening and management of epilepsy and migraine headache are imperative among people with SPD.
Publisher: OMICS Publishing Group
Date: 2016
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-10-2018
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-10-2017
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 27-04-2021
DOI: 10.1186/S12981-021-00351-1
Abstract: Depression is particularly common among adolescents with HIV/AIDS and has been associated with disruption of the important developmental process, subsequently leading to a wide range of negative mental, physical and psychosocial consequences, as well as poor quality of life in those population groups. Nevertheless, to the best of our knowledge, there are no prior systematic reviews and meta-analytic studies that determined the prevalence of depression among adolescents with HIV/AIDS. We systematically searched PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science for relevant literature until May 2020. A random-effect meta-analysis was used to pool prevalence rates from in idual studies. Sensitivity and subgroup analyses were performed to identify the source of heterogeneities and to compare the prevalence estimates across the groups. The Joanna Briggs Institute’s quality assessment checklist was used to evaluate the quality of the included studies. Cochran’s Q and the I 2 tests were used to assess heterogeneity between the studies. A total of ten studies were included for the final analysis, with 2642 adolescents living with HIV/AIDS. Our final meta-analysis showed that more than a quarter of adolescents with HIV had depression [26.07% (95% CI 18.92–34.78)]. The prevalence was highest amongst female adolescents (32.15%) than males (25.07%) as well as amongst the older adolescents aged 15–19 years (37.09%) than younger adolescents aged 10–14 years (29.82%). Our study shows that a significant proportion of adolescents with HIV had depression, indicating the imperativeness of intervention strategies to alleviate the suffering and possibly reduce the probable negative ramifications.
Publisher: Opast Group LLC
Date: 25-03-2019
Abstract: Background: Alcohol is one of commonly used psychoactive substances. Harmful use of alcohol results in a cluster of behavioral and physical symptoms known as Alcohol use disorder. WHO suggests that harmful use of alcohol to be an in idual risk factor for suicidal behavior, accounting for 25-50% of all suicides linked to alcohol and other substance. Many studies were done on alcohol and suicidal ideation and attempt. Most of these studies suggest that alcohol have association with suicidal ideation and attempt. But there are studies with no association between alcohol use disorder and suicidal ideation and attempt. Objective: To assess the prevalence of suicidal ideation and attempt among alcohol use disorder patients attending addiction clinic at Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital (AMSH). It also determines the association of alcohol use disorder and suicidal ideation and attempt. Method: This was a hospital based cross-sectional study, that include 120 patients of age above and equal 18 years. Data were collected by using ASSIST 3.1 (Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test), to assess alcohol use disorder, CSSRS (Colombia suicide severity rating scale) to assesssuicidal ideation and attempt, and PHQ-9 (patient health questioners-9) to assess the depression and severity of depressive symptoms. Chi square and binary logistic regression was used to assess factor relation. Result: The overall prevalence of suicide ideation and attempt among alcohol use disorder patients was 30.6% for the past month and 31.7% for past year of time of data collection. Suicide attempt was 14.9% and 13.3% respectively. Older age was associated significantly with suicidal ideation and attempt (X2 =6.128, P=0.047). Alcohol use disorder had no association with suicidal ideation and attempt for both past month (OR = 0.827 95% CI 0.116, 5.914) (P = 0.850) and the past year (OR=1.360 95% CI 0.122,15.165) (P=0.803) of data collection. Major depressive disorder was significantly associated with alcohol use disorder (P=0.047). Conclusion: Suicide ideation and attempt was significantly associated with advancement of age among alcohol use disorder patients. Alcohol use disorder has no association with suicide ideation and attempt among the respondents. Alcohol use disorder and major depressive disorder was significantly associated with and could lead to suicidal ideation and attempt indirectly. Recommendation: Further researches on alcohol use disorder, depression and suicide are necessary to assess the relationship each character.
Publisher: OMICS Publishing Group
Date: 2016
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-06-2020
DOI: 10.1186/S12889-020-08819-X
Abstract: Bipolar disorder (BD) is a common severe mental disorder among homeless people and is associated with an increased risk of disability and mortality from suicide, medical causes (including HIV/AIDS, hepatitis infection, hypertension, and tuberculosis), as well as substance use disorders. However, a systematic synthesis of the existing evidence on the subject is lacking. To fill this gap in the literature, this study aimed to carry out systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the consolidated prevalence of BD among homeless people. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched Embase, PubMed, and Scopus to identify pertinent studies that reported the prevalence of BD among homeless people in March 2019. Random effect meta-analysis was employed to pool data from the eligible studies. Subgroup and sensitivity analysis was conducted and Cochran’s Q- and the I 2 test were utilized to quantify heterogeneity. Publication bias was assessed by using Egger’s test and visual inspection of the symmetry in funnel plots. Of 3236 studies identified, 10 studies with 4300 homeless in iduals were included in the final analysis. Among the 10 studies, five studies used the Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental disorders (DSM), three studies used Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), one study used Schedule for Clinical Assessment of Neuropsychiatry (SCAN), and one study used Composite International Neuropsychiatric Interview (CIDI) to assess BD among homeless in iduals. Based on the results of the random effect model, the prevalence of BD among homeless people was 11.4% (95% CI 7.5–16.9). The prevalence of BD was 10.0% (95% CI 3.1–27.9) in Europe and it was 13.2% (95% CI 8.9–19.3) in other countries. Moreover, the prevalence of BD was 11.5% (95% CI 5.5–22.3) for studies that used DSM to assess BD and it was 11.0% (95% CI 6.1–19.2) for studies that used other instruments (MINI, SCAN, and CIDI). Our meta-analysis demonstrated that BD is highly prevalent among homeless in iduals, underlying the importance of early screening and targeted interventions for BD among homeless in iduals.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 22-09-2020
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 14-11-2019
DOI: 10.1186/S12909-019-1859-5
Abstract: Worldwide, problematic test anxiety is a common health problem among medical students. The magnitude of problematic test anxiety ranges from 25 to 40% in undergraduate medical students and has a detrimental effect on academic achievement and success of students. However, data on the prevalence of test anxiety among medical students is limited. Thus, the study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of test anxiety among medical students. In this cross-sectional study, a stratified random s ling technique was used to select the participants. The level of test anxiety was determined by the Westside Test Anxiety Inventory (WTAI). We utilized logistic regression to explore the association between test anxiety and the potential sociodemographic/student-related characteristics among medical students. The study included 423 medical students. Our study resulted the prevalence of problematic test anxiety among medical students to be 52.30% (95% CI 47.40–57.30). The prevalence of test anxiety was remarkably higher in women (79.75%) than in men (33.62%) students. Female sex [AOR = 3.25, 95% CI: (1.54, 6.89)], having low grade [AOR = 0.11,95% CI: (0.044,0.288)], being first year [AOR = 10.55,95% CI: (1.4,76.7)], excessive course load [AOR = 6.128,95% CI: (2.675,14.039)], and taking oral examination [AOR = 2.89,95% CI: (1.42,5.84)] were determined as some of the predicting factors of test anxiety among medical students. Additionally, lack of systemic study plan [AOR = 2.4, 95% CI: (1.25, 4.59)], poor social support [AOR = 3.6, 95% CI: (1.56, 8.29)], moderate social support [AOR = 3.39, 95% CI: (1.56, 7.4)], psychologically distressed [AOR = 2.68, 95% CI: (1.37, 5.27)] independently predicts test anxiety among medical students. Findings suggest that a substantial percentage of medical students had problematic test anxiety in Ethiopia (52.30%). This study also showed a significant association between test anxiety and female sex, having poor grade point average, being the first year, excessive course load, oral examination, lack of study plan, poor social support, moderate social support, and having psychological distress. Problematic test anxiety, which is found to be common among medical students, deserves more attention.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-08-2018
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 24-08-2020
DOI: 10.1136/INJURYPREV-2019-043531
Abstract: While there is a long history of measuring death and disability from injuries, modern research methods must account for the wide spectrum of disability that can occur in an injury, and must provide estimates with sufficient demographic, geographical and temporal detail to be useful for policy makers. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 study used methods to provide highly detailed estimates of global injury burden that meet these criteria. In this study, we report and discuss the methods used in GBD 2017 for injury morbidity and mortality burden estimation. In summary, these methods included estimating cause-specific mortality for every cause of injury, and then estimating incidence for every cause of injury. Non-fatal disability for each cause is then calculated based on the probabilities of suffering from different types of bodily injury experienced. GBD 2017 produced morbidity and mortality estimates for 38 causes of injury. Estimates were produced in terms of incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability, cause-specific mortality, years of life lost and disability-adjusted life-years for a 28-year period for 22 age groups, 195 countries and both sexes. GBD 2017 demonstrated a complex and sophisticated series of analytical steps using the largest known database of morbidity and mortality data on injuries. GBD 2017 results should be used to help inform injury prevention policy making and resource allocation. We also identify important avenues for improving injury burden estimation in the future.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-2021
DOI: 10.1038/S41591-021-01498-0
Abstract: Anemia is a globally widespread condition in women and is associated with reduced economic productivity and increased mortality worldwide. Here we map annual 2000–2018 geospatial estimates of anemia prevalence in women of reproductive age (15–49 years) across 82 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), stratify anemia by severity and aggregate results to policy-relevant administrative and national levels. Additionally, we provide subnational disparity analyses to provide a comprehensive overview of anemia prevalence inequalities within these countries and predict progress toward the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target (WHO GNT) to reduce anemia by half by 2030. Our results demonstrate widespread moderate improvements in overall anemia prevalence but identify only three LMICs with a high probability of achieving the WHO GNT by 2030 at a national scale, and no LMIC is expected to achieve the target in all their subnational administrative units. Our maps show where large within-country disparities occur, as well as areas likely to fall short of the WHO GNT, offering precision public health tools so that adequate resource allocation and subsequent interventions can be targeted to the most vulnerable populations.
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 24-04-2020
DOI: 10.1136/INJURYPREV-2019-043494
Abstract: Past research in population health trends has shown that injuries form a substantial burden of population health loss. Regular updates to injury burden assessments are critical. We report Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 Study estimates on morbidity and mortality for all injuries. We reviewed results for injuries from the GBD 2017 study. GBD 2017 measured injury-specific mortality and years of life lost (YLLs) using the Cause of Death Ensemble model. To measure non-fatal injuries, GBD 2017 modelled injury-specific incidence and converted this to prevalence and years lived with disability (YLDs). YLLs and YLDs were summed to calculate disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). In 1990, there were 4 260 493 (4 085 700 to 4 396 138) injury deaths, which increased to 4 484 722 (4 332 010 to 4 585 554) deaths in 2017, while age-standardised mortality decreased from 1079 (1073 to 1086) to 738 (730 to 745) per 100 000. In 1990, there were 354 064 302 (95% uncertainty interval: 338 174 876 to 371 610 802) new cases of injury globally, which increased to 520 710 288 (493 430 247 to 547 988 635) new cases in 2017. During this time, age-standardised incidence decreased non-significantly from 6824 (6534 to 7147) to 6763 (6412 to 7118) per 100 000. Between 1990 and 2017, age-standardised DALYs decreased from 4947 (4655 to 5233) per 100 000 to 3267 (3058 to 3505). Injuries are an important cause of health loss globally, though mortality has declined between 1990 and 2017. Future research in injury burden should focus on prevention in high-burden populations, improving data collection and ensuring access to medical care.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2023
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-2017
DOI: 10.2147/NDT.S139075
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2021
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-05-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2023
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2020
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-06-2020
Publisher: OMICS Publishing Group
Date: 2016
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-11-2016
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-08-2019
DOI: 10.1007/S11126-019-09667-8
Abstract: Globally, suicide is a major public health problem among homeless people. Suicidal ideation and attempt are remarkably higher among homeless people as compared to the general population and they are linked with greater risk of complete suicide. However, no systematic review and meta-analysis has been conducted to report the consolidated magnitude of suicidal ideation and attempt among homeless people. We searched PubMed, Embase, and Scopus to identify pertinent studies on suicidal ideation and attempt among homeless people. A meta-analysis of the studies was conducted using a random effect model. We also conducted a sensitivity analysis and Cochran's Q- and the I
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2019
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 13-03-2020
DOI: 10.1186/S13033-020-00348-9
Abstract: Schizophrenia is a severe and disabling chronic mental disorder and accompanied by different levels of a perceived stigma that affects almost all age groups. This perceived stigma negatively impacts the quality of life, physical, and mental well-being of people with schizophrenia. It is also linked with a poor level of functioning, poor adherence to drugs, and increased dropout rate. However, research into perceived stigma and associated factors among people with schizophrenia in low- and middle-income countries are limited. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the perceived stigma and correlates among people with schizophrenia in Ethiopia. An institution based cross-sectional study was conducted from May to June 2018. A structured, pre-tested, and interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. The standardized perceived devaluation and discrimination questionnaire was used to assess perceived stigma. The systematic random s ling technique was used to select study participants. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with perceived stigma. An odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was computed to assess the strength of the association. The prevalence of high perceived stigma was found to be 62.6% [95% CI 58.3, 67.4]. In the multivariate logistic regression, female sex [AOR = 2.30, 95% CI 1.42, 3.71], age of onset of schizophrenia [AOR = 1.85, 95% CI 1.19, 2.89], multiple hospitalizations [AOR = 1.7, 95% CI 1.16, 3.27], and duration of illness 1–5 years [AOR = 2, 95% CI 1.01, 3.27], 6–10 years [AOR = 2.48, 95% CI 1.29, 4.74], and ˃10 years [AOR = 2.85, 95% CI 1.40, 5.79] were factors significantly associated with higher perceived stigma. In the present study, the prevalence of high perceived stigma among people with schizophrenia was found to be 62.6%. Female sex, age of onset of schizophrenia, multiple hospitalizations, and duration of illness were factors significantly associated with higher perceived stigma. Measures to enhance the awareness of the patients, their families and their social networks about perceived stigma and associated factors, by the leading government and healthcare institutions are warranted.
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 07-2022
DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PGPH.0000115
Abstract: Evidence suggests that quarantine might have a wide-ranging, substantial, and long-lasting negative psychological impact especially when the necessary preventive measures are not taken. This study assessed the prevalence and associated factors of depression and anxiety among quarantined population during the COVID-19 outbreak in central Ethiopia. A community-based cross-section study was conducted among in iduals under quarantine from June 5 to July 5, 2020, in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used to assess depression and anxiety. Binary logistic regression analysis (multivariate analysis) was used to identify the potential determinants of depression and anxiety. A total of 297 participants were included in the study which makes the response rate 90.8%. The prevalence of anxiety, depression, and co-morbid anxiety and depression were 21.5%, 70.7%, and 15.8% respectively. In our multivariable analyses, stressful life events (AOR 2.61, 95%CI (1.46, 4.67)), spent time on sleeping (AOR 1.97, 95% CI (1.08, 3.62)), and believing that COVID-19 could be prevented by wearing a glove (AOR 0.30, 95% CI (0.11, 0.81)) showed a statistically significant association with anxiety, whereas being married (AOR 2.67, 95% CI (1.37, 5.22)), had stressful life event in the last six months (AOR 1.44, 95% CI (1.44, 5.25)) and spending of time by sleeping during the quarantine (AOR 1.97, 95% CI (1.42, 6.19)) predicted depression. In conclusion, the current study result indicated that a considerable proportion of in iduals who were under quarantine during the COVID-19 pandemic have experienced psychological disturbances, such as anxiety and depression. The results suggest that attention needs to be given to mitigate mental health problems in the quarantined population during the COVID-19 outbreak.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 13-11-2020
DOI: 10.1186/S12889-020-09794-Z
Abstract: Depression is a common mental disorder among patients with tuberculosis and it is associated with a greater risk of suicide, multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, and poor quality of life. Evidence suggests the early identification of depression among patients with tuberculosis is important to decrease adverse outcomes. However, there are limited studies that examined the prevalence and determinants of depressive symptoms among patients with tuberculosis. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of depressive symptoms among patients with tuberculosis attending public health institutions in Gede’o zone, South Ethiopia. An institution-based a cross-sectional study was conducted from November 1 to December 30, 2018, among a randomly selected s le of 415 patients with tuberculosis attending public health institutions in Gede’o zone, South Ethiopia. Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was used to assess depressive symptoms. Logistic regression was used to identify the potential risk factors of depressive symptoms. The strength of the association was presented by crude odds and adjusted odds ratio with their corresponding 95% CI. Finally, the statistical significance was set at p 0.05. The prevalence of depressive symptoms was found to be 45.5% (95% CI 41.1–50.1%) among patients with tuberculosis 33.3% had moderate, 9.8% had moderately severe, and 2.4% had severe depression. After adjusting for the possible confounders, being on re-treatment for tuberculosis (AOR = 2.47, 95% CI: 1.17–5.22), aged ≥45 years (AOR = 2.41, 95% CI: 1.09–5.32), having poor social support (AOR = 4.21, 95% CI: 2.10–8.47), and Tuberculosis/Human Immunodeficiency Virus (TB/HIV) co-infection) (AOR = 3.96, 95% CI 2.0, 7.84) were significantly associated with depressive symptoms among patients with TB. This study suggests that a substantial percentage of patients with TB had depressive symptoms (45.5%). TB/HIV coinfection, being on re-treatment for tuberculosis, those having poor social support, patients aged 45 and above were factors associated with depressive symptoms. Routine screening of depression among patients with TB is warranted. Moreover, patients with TB falling into the risk categories should be more carefully monitored for depression and when possible referred to mental health professionals.
Publisher: AOSIS
Date: 29-03-2018
Abstract: Background: Mental health legislation (MHL) is required to ensure a regulatory framework for mental health services and other providers of treatment and care, and to ensure that the public and people with a mental illness are afforded protection from the often-devastating consequences of mental illness.Aims: To provide an overview of evidence on the significance of MHL for successful primary care for mental health and community mental health servicesMethod: A qualitative review of the literature on the significance of MHL for successful primary care for mental health and community mental health services was conducted.Results: In many countries, especially in those who have no MHL, people do not have access to basic mental health care and treatment they require. One of the major aims of MHL is that all people with mental disorders should be provided with treatment based on the integration of mental health care services into the primary healthcare (PHC). In addition, MHL plays a crucial role in community integration of persons with mental disorders, the provision of care of high quality, the improvement of access to care at community level. Community-based mental health care further improves access to mental healthcare within the city, to have better health and mental health outcomes, and better quality of life, increase acceptability, reduce associated social stigma and human rights abuse, prevent chronicity and physical health comorbidity will likely to be detected early and managed.Conclusion: Mental health legislation plays a crucial role in community integration of persons with mental disorders, integration of mental health at primary health care, the provision of care of high quality and the improvement of access to care at community level. It is vital and essential to have MHL for every country.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-12-2010
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 27-11-2019
DOI: 10.1186/S40798-019-0216-X
Abstract: Less than 10% of heart failure patients in the UK participate in cardiac rehabilitation programmes. The present pilot study evaluated feasibility, acceptability and physiological effects of a novel, personalised, home-based physical activity intervention in chronic heart failure. Twenty patients (68 ± 7 years old, 20% females) with stable chronic heart failure due to reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (31 ± 8 %) participated in a single-group, pilot study assessing the feasibility and acceptability of a 12-week personalised home-based physical activity intervention aiming to increase daily number of steps by 2000 from baseline (Active-at-Home-HF). Patients completed cardiopulmonary exercise testing with non-invasive gas exchange and haemodynamic measurements and quality of life questionnaire pre- and post-intervention. Patients were supported weekly via telephone and average weekly step count data collected using pedometers. Forty-three patients were screened and 20 recruited into the study. Seventeen patients (85%) completed the intervention, and 15 (75%) achieved the target step count. Average step count per day increased significantly from baseline to 3 weeks by 2546 (5108 ± 3064 to 7654 ± 3849, P = 0.03, n = 17) and was maintained until week 12 (9022 ± 3942). Following completion of the intervention, no adverse events were recorded and quality of life improved by 4 points (26 ± 18 vs. 22 ± 19). Peak exercise stroke volume increased by 19% (127 ± 34 vs. 151 ± 34 m/beat, P = 0.05), while cardiac index increased by 12% (6.8 ± 1.5 vs. 7.6 ± 2.0 L/min/m 2 , P = 0.19). Workload and oxygen consumption at anaerobic threshold also increased by 16% (49 ± 16 vs. 59 ± 14 watts, P = 0.01) and 10% (11.5 ± 2.9 vs. 12.8 ± 2.2 ml/kg/min, P = 0.39). The Active-at-Home-HF intervention is feasible, acceptable and effective for increasing physical activity in CHF. It may lead to improvements in quality of life, exercise tolerance and haemodynamic function. www.clinicaltrials.gov NCT0367727. Retrospectively registered on 17 September 2018.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 13-06-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2020
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-01-2022
DOI: 10.1007/S10995-021-03286-1
Abstract: Evidence indicates that a significant proportion of women drink alcohol during pregnancy. Studies have also suggested that prenatal alcohol consumption was associated with a wide range of adverse outcomes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to systematically summarize the available evidence on the epidemiology of alcohol consumption among pregnant women in Ethiopia and suggest evidence based recommendations for future clinical practice. This systematic review and meta-analysis was followed the PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, SCOPUS and EMBASE databases were searched to identify relevant articles that assessed alcohol consumption among pregnant women in Ethiopia. The Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software version 3.0 was used to conduct a meta-analysis using the random-effect model. Cochran's Q- and I A total of 6361 pregnant women from fifteen primary studies were included in the final analysis. The pooled prevalence estimate of alcohol consumption among pregnant women in Ethiopia was found to be 14.1%. The pooled prevalence of alcohol consumption among pregnant women in Ethiopia was reported to be lower in the studies that used the standardized alcohol consumption assessment tools (9.4%) when compared to the studies that did not use standardized tools (17%). The pooled prevalence of alcohol consumption among pregnant women ranged between 12.8% and 15.5% in leave-one-out sensitivity analysis. A considerable number of women in Ethiopia consume alcohol during pregnancy. Therefore, early identification and intervention strategies are highly recommended.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 26-09-2020
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-01-2019
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-05-2020
DOI: 10.1186/S12991-020-00281-8
Abstract: Evidence has shown that the prevalence of depression is much higher among patients with tuberculosis (TB) and this, in turn, may adversely impact compliance with anti-TB medications. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to quantitatively summarize epidemiologic evidence on the prevalence of depression among patients with TB and formulate a recommendation for future clinical practice as well as research. We followed the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to conduct this review. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, SCOPUS and Psych INFO to identify relevant studies that investigated the prevalence of depression among TB patients. We also supplemented our electronic search with manual searching to include all pertinent studies in the analysis. We used a Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software version 3.0 (CMA 3.0) to conduct a meta-analysis. We conducted a subgroup and sensitivity analysis and Cochran’s Q - and the I 2 -statistics were used to assess heterogeneity. The evidence for the presence of publication bias was checked by using Egger’s test and visual inspection of the symmetry in funnel plots. We identified a total of 25 studies that included 4903 participants across seven countries. In our analysis, the pooled estimated prevalence of depression among TB patients was found to be 45.19% (95% CI 38.04–52.55). The prevalence was higher in MDR-TB 52.34% (95% CI 38.09–66.22) than non-MDR-TB 43.47% (95% CI 35.88–51.37) patients. We also found that the pooled prevalence of depression was higher among females 51.54% (95% CI 40.34–62.60) when compared to males 45.25% (95% CI 35.19–55.71). The pooled prevalence of depression was 45.45% as measured by HRDS, and it was 55.62%, 45.52%, and 38.36% as measured by BDI, HADS and PHQ-9, respectively. Our finding suggested that the pooled estimated prevalence of depression among tuberculosis patients was relatively high. Screening and management of depression among TB patients were warranted to alleviate suffering. Moreover, the integration of tuberculosis program with regular psychiatry services may substantially reduce the burden.
Publisher: S. Karger AG
Date: 2021
DOI: 10.1159/000515393
Abstract: b i Background: /i /b In light of the increasing trend in the global number of in iduals affected by dementia and the lack of any available disease-modifying therapies, it is necessary to fully understand and quantify the global burden of dementia. This work aimed to estimate the proportion of dementia due to Down syndrome, Parkinson’s disease, clinical stroke, and traumatic brain injury (TBI), globally and by world region, in order to better understand the contribution of clinical diseases to dementia prevalence. b i Methods: /i /b Through literature review, we obtained data on the relative risk of dementia with each condition and estimated relative risks by age using a Bayesian meta-regression tool. We then calculated population attributable fractions (PAFs), or the proportion of dementia attributable to each condition, using the estimates of relative risk and prevalence estimates for each condition from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Finally, we multiplied these estimates by dementia prevalence to calculate the number of dementia cases attributable to each condition. b i Findings: /i /b For each clinical condition, the relative risk of dementia decreased with age. Relative risks were highest for Down syndrome, followed by Parkinson’s disease, stroke, and TBI. However, due to the high prevalence of stroke, the PAF for dementia due to stroke was highest. Together, Down syndrome, Parkinson’s disease, stroke, and TBI explained 10.0% (95% UI: 6.0–16.5) of the global prevalence of dementia. b i Interpretation: /i /b Ten percent of dementia prevalence globally could be explained by Down syndrome, Parkinson’s disease, stroke, and TBI. The quantification of the proportion of dementia attributable to these 4 conditions constitutes a small contribution to our overall understanding of what causes dementia. However, epidemiological research into modifiable risk factors as well as basic science research focused on elucidating intervention approaches to prevent or delay the neuropathological changes that commonly characterize dementia will be critically important in future efforts to prevent and treat disease.
Publisher: OMICS Publishing Group
Date: 2016
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-2022
DOI: 10.2147/SAR.S384921
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-09-2020
DOI: 10.1007/S00127-020-01949-Y
Abstract: It is plausible that offspring born to mothers using tobacco during pregnancy may have increased risk of mood disorders (depression and bipolar disorders) however, mixed results have been reported. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the magnitude and consistency of associations reported between prenatal tobacco use and mood disorders in offspring. We systematically searched EMBASE, SCOPUS, PubMed and Psych-INFO for studies on mood disorders and prenatal tobacco use. Methodological quality of studies was assessed with the revised Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. We estimated pooled relative risk (RR) with inverse variance weighted random-effects meta-analysis. We performed leave-one-out analyses, and stratified analyses by a subgroup (depression and bipolar disorder). Potential publication bias was assessed by inspection of the funnel plot and Egger's test for regression asymmetry. This study protocol was prospectively registered in PROSPERO (CRD42017060037). Eight cohort and two case-control studies were included in the final meta-analysis. We found an increased pooled relative risk of mood disorders in offspring exposed to maternal prenatal tobacco use RRs 1.43 (95% CI 1.27-1.60) compared to no prenatal tobacco use. Similarly, the pooled relative risks of bipolar and depressive disorders in offspring were 1.44, (95% CI 1.15-1.80) and 1.44, (95% CI 1.21-1.71), respectively. Moreover, the pooled estimated risk of mood disorders was not significantly attenuated in the studies that reported sibling comparison results [RR = 1.21 (95% CI 1.04-1.41)]. Taken together, there was strong evidence for a small (RR < 2) association between prenatal tobacco use and mood disorders in offspring.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2021
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 19-05-2023
DOI: 10.3389/FGWH.2023.1061626
Abstract: Cognition is defined as the mental activity or process of learning information and understanding through reason, experience, and the senses. In Sub-Saharan African nations like Ethiopia, such assessments of a pregnant mother's mental health during antenatal care are uncommon procedures. Instead, there is a greater focus on the physical well-being of the woman and her fetus. As a result, this study aimed to evaluate the cognitive deficits and related factors in a pregnant women attending an antenatal care service. This hospital-based cross-sectional study included 415 pregnant women who were receiving antenatal care at Dilla University Referral Hospital in Dilla, Gedeo Zone, Ethiopia. In this study, respondents were chosen using systematic random s ling, and study participants were interviewed using administered questions to gather pertinent data. This study used the OSLO Social Support Scale, the Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test, and the Mini-Mental Status Examination to assess the social support, cognitive status, and current substance use history of a respondent. Descriptive statistics including frequencies, graphs, and percentages were used to describe the results. A logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the connection between independent factors and the outcome variable at a 95 percent confidence level and p & 0.05. Among all respondents who came for antenatal care visits, only 24 (5.8%) were unmarried (single, orced, widowed). The mean age of respondents was 26 years old and 155 (37.3%) had attended secondary school. Variables such as strong social support [0.11 (0.03–0.23), p & 0.02], being a follower of orthodox religion [0.24 (0.12–0.39), p & 0.04], ≥5,000 Ethiopian birr monthly income [0.28 (0.17–0.48), p & 0.02], age & years old [1.23 (1.14–2.54), p & 0.04], unplanned pregnancy [2.78 (1.45–4.32), p & 0.02], and rural residence [3.90 (2.23–7.34), p & 0.04] were significantly associated with cognitive impairment at 95% confidence interval and a p -value & .05. This study found that pregnant women who attended antenatal care experienced a significant reduction in cognitive disorders. Additionally, this study revealed adjustable factors such as unwanted pregnancy, social support, and religiosity. It is preferable to check a pregnant woman's cognitive condition at antenatal services and to follow-up on each additional visit.
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 02-2021
DOI: 10.1136/BMJOPEN-2020-040061
Abstract: To assess the global prevalence estimates of depressive symptoms, dysthymia and major depressive disorders (MDDs) among homeless people. Systematic review and meta-analysis. Databases including PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science were systematically searched up to February 2020 to identify relevant studies that have reported data on the prevalence of depressive symptoms, dysthymia and MDDs among homeless people. Original epidemiological studies written in English that addressed the prevalence of depressive problems among homeless people. A random-effect meta-analysis was performed to pool the prevalence estimated from in idual studies. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were employed to compare the prevalence across the groups as well as to identify the source of heterogeneities. The Joanna Briggs Institute’s quality assessment checklist was used to measure the study quality. Cochran’s Q and the I 2 test were used to assess heterogeneity between the studies. Forty publications, including 17 215 participants, were included in the final analysis. This meta-analysis demonstrated considerably higher prevalence rates of depressive symptoms 46.72% (95% CI 37.77% to 55.90%), dysthymia 8.25% (95% CI 4.79% to 11.86%), as well as MDDs 26.24% (95% CI 21.02% to 32.22%) among homeless people. Our subgroup analysis showed that the prevalence of depressive symptoms was high among younger homeless people ( years of age), whereas the prevalence of MDD was high among older homeless people ( years of age) when compared with adults (25–50 years). This review showed that nearly half, one-fourth and one-tenth of homeless people are suffering from depressive symptoms, dysthymia and MDDs, respectively, which are notably higher than the reported prevalence rates in the general population. The findings suggest the need for appropriate mental health prevention and treatment strategies for this population group.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-10-2022
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 26-09-2021
DOI: 10.1186/S12912-021-00701-4
Abstract: Anxiety is a common phenomenon in some professions including medical emergency settings. Nurses deal with grief and other psychological disturbances when they lost clients due to death at clinical settings. Thus, the level of anxiety among nurses working at emergency and intensive care unit is expected to higher as a result of life threatening cases and frequent loss of clients at emergency settings. However, the burden of anxiety and its associated factors among nurses working in emergency clinical settings are not well addressed in Ethiopia. An institutional based cross-sectional study design was conducted among 415 randomly selected nurses working at emergency and Intensive Care Unit at public hospitals in Addis Ababa. Data were collected using interviewer administered questioner. The Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale was used to measure level of anxiety symptoms. The collected data were entered to a computer using Epi-Data Version 3.1 and exported to SPSS Version 20.0 for analysis. Binary logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with anxiety. Variables with P - Values of 0.05 were considered as having statistically significant association with higher level of anxiety symptoms with 95 % confidence intervals. The result of this study shows that 19.8 % nurses working at emergency and intensive care unit had a higher level of anxiety symptoms [95 % CI (16.1 %- 23.6 %)]. Marital status{0.28:95 %CI(0.16–0.50)}, cigarette smoking{2.48:95 %CI(1.18–5.18)}, work overload {0.35:95 %CI(0.16,0.76)} and night duty shift{0.41:95 %CI(0.19–0.87)} were factors significantly associated with higher level of anxiety symptoms among nurses working at emergency medical settings. Nurses working at emergency and intensive care unit showed higher level of anxiety symptoms than the general population and nurses working at other medical settings. Marital status, cigarette smoking, work overload and night duty shift had statistically significant association with higher anxiety symptoms among nurses working at emergency medical settings. This demonstrates a need for the implementation of counseling services regarding effective coping mechanisms and problem-solving strategies for nurses working at emergency medical settings.
Publisher: Science Publishing Group
Date: 2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2023
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-02-2019
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 20-09-2018
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-08-2021
DOI: 10.1186/S12911-021-01590-Y
Abstract: Data sparsity is a major limitation to estimating national and global dementia burden. Surveys with full diagnostic evaluations of dementia prevalence are prohibitively resource-intensive in many settings. However, validation s les from nationally representative surveys allow for the development of algorithms for the prediction of dementia prevalence nationally. Using cognitive testing data and data on functional limitations from Wave A (2001–2003) of the ADAMS study ( n = 744) and the 2000 wave of the HRS study ( n = 6358) we estimated a two-dimensional item response theory model to calculate cognition and function scores for all in iduals over 70. Based on diagnostic information from the formal clinical adjudication in ADAMS, we fit a logistic regression model for the classification of dementia status using cognition and function scores and applied this algorithm to the full HRS s le to calculate dementia prevalence by age and sex. Our algorithm had a cross-validated predictive accuracy of 88% (86–90), and an area under the curve of 0.97 (0.97–0.98) in ADAMS. Prevalence was higher in females than males and increased over age, with a prevalence of 4% (3–4) in in iduals 70–79, 11% (9–12) in in iduals 80–89 years old, and 28% (22–35) in those 90 and older. Our model had similar or better accuracy as compared to previously reviewed algorithms for the prediction of dementia prevalence in HRS, while utilizing more flexible methods. These methods could be more easily generalized and utilized to estimate dementia prevalence in other national surveys.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2020
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 12-05-2022
DOI: 10.3389/FPSYT.2022.814360
Abstract: People living with HIV/AIDS have a higher rate of depression/depressive symptoms and this highly affects antiretroviral medication adherence. Therefore, much stronger evidence weighing the burden of depressive symptoms/major depression is warranted. We investigated PubMed, Scopus, Psych-Info, and Embase databases for systematic review studies. A PRISMA flow diagram was used to show the search process. We also used the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) checklist scores. A narrative review and statistical pooling were accompanied to compute the pooled effect size of outcome variables. Overall, 8 systematic review studies addressing 265 primary studies, 4 systematic review studies addressing 48 primary studies, and six systematic review studies addressing 442 primary studies were included for depressive symptoms, major depression, and their effect on medication non-adherence, respectively. Globally, the average depressive symptoms prevalence using the random effect model was 34.17% (24.97, 43.37). In addition, the average prevalence of major depressive disorder was obtained to be 13.42% (10.53, 16.31). All of the 6 included systematic review studies reported a negative association between depressive symptoms and antiretroviral medication non-adherence. The pooled odds ratio of antiretroviral medication adherence among patients with depressive symptoms was 0.54 (0.36, 0.72) ( I 2 = 0.0%, p = 0.487). Globally, the prevalence of depressive symptoms and major depression is high. There existed a high degree of association between depressive symptoms and antiretroviral medication non-adherence. So, focused intervention modalities should be developed and implemented.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2021
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 26-03-2019
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 25-08-2021
DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0255746
Abstract: Suicidal ideation (SI) among pregnant women is a major public health concern worldwide and is associated with a higher risk of completed suicide. However, there are limited studies that determined the prevalence and the potential determinants of suicidal ideation in Sub-Saharan Africa, including Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the prevalence of suicidal ideation and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care in Jimma, Ethiopia. An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 423 pregnant women attending Jimma medical center in Southwest, Ethiopia. A systematic random s ling technique was used to select the study participants. Suicidal ideation assessed using the Suicidality Module of the World Mental Health survey initiative version of the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). Other tools used are EPDS, Abuse Assessment Scale (AAS), DASS -21, PSS, Maternity Social Support Scale (MSSS), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). A multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to explore the potential determinants of suicidal ideation among the participants. The prevalence of SI among women who are on antenatal care was found to be 13.3% (95% CI (10.1,16.4). In multivariable analysis, marital status with lack of cohabiting partners (AOR = 2.80,95%CI:1.23,6.37), history of abortion (AOR = 2.45,95% CI:1.03,5.93), having depression (AOR = 4.28,95% CI:1.75,10.44),anxiety(AOR = 2.99,95% CI:1.24,7.20), poor sleep quality (AOR = 2.85,95% CI:1.19,6.79), stress (AOR = 2.50, 95% CI:1.01,5.67), and intimate partner violence (AOR = 2.43, 95% CI:1.07,5.47) were found to be significant predictors of suicidal ideation. The prevalence of SI among pregnant women was found to be huge. Lack of cohabiting partners, previous history of abortion, depression, anxiety, intimate partner violence, poor sleep quality, and stress were variables that are independent predictors of suicidal ideation. Screening and interventions of antenatal SI are needed.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2022
Publisher: OMICS Publishing Group
Date: 2016
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-04-2023
DOI: 10.1186/S40359-023-01162-X
Abstract: Research indicates that homelessness is associated with an increased risk of suicide. While street homelessness is a global problem, it is a disproportionately serious concern in low- and middle-income countries such as Ethiopia. Despite their high risk of suicidal thoughts and attempts, there has been limited research on this subject among homeless young people in Ethiopia. Therefore, we assessed the prevalence and factors contributing to suicidal behaviour among homeless young people in the southern region of this country. We conducted a community-based cross-sectional study from 15 June to 15 August 2020 involving 798 homeless young adults in four southern Ethiopian towns and cities. The Suicide Behaviour Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R) was used to assess suicidal behaviour. Data were coded and entered into Epi-Data version 7 and analysed using SPSS version 20. We conducted a multivariable logistic regression analysis to identify factors associated with suicidal behaviour. Variables with a p-value of 0.05 were considered statistically significant. An adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval was determined to indicate the association’s strength. The overall prevalence of suicidal behaviour among young homeless in iduals was 38.2% (95% CI: 34.8%, 41.5%). The lifetime prevalence of suicidal ideation, planning and attempt was 10.7% (95% CI: 8.6–12.9%), 5.1% (95% CI: 3.6–6.6%) and 3% (95% CI: 1.9–4.3%), respectively. A longer duration of homelessness (1–2 years) (AOR = 2.244, 95% CI: 1.447–3.481), stressful life events (AOR = 1.655, 95% CI: 1.132–2.418) and the stigma associated with homelessness (AOR = 1.629, 95% CI: 1.149–1.505) were significantly associated with suicidal behaviour. The results of our study indicate that suicide is a serious public health problem among homeless young people in southern Ethiopia. We have found associations between suicidal behaviour and stressful events, homelessness lasting for one to two years and stigma. Our study suggests that policymakers and programme planners need to develop a strategy for preventing, detecting and managing suicidal behaviour among street-dwelling homeless young adults, a vulnerable and understudied population. A community-based suicide prevention c aign is also essential for street-dwelling homeless young people in Ethiopia.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 14-04-2020
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-2021
DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2021.1875423
Abstract: There are limited studies on the risk of depressive symptoms in adolescent offspring exposed to parental mental health problems in middle childhood. We investigated the association between parental mental health problems, particularly paternal emotional problems and maternal symptoms of anxiety and depression, and the risk of depressive symptoms in adolescent offspring aged 17. The study included 995 parent-offspring pairs from the 1989-91 birth cohort (the Raine Study) in Western Australia. Log-binomial regression was used to assess the associations. An increased risk of depression symptoms was observed in the adolescent offspring of mothers with depressive [RR 1.45, 95% CI 1.13-1.86] as well as anxiety symptoms [RR 1.43, 95% CI 1.09-1.87].Compared to those non-exposed, offspring whose mothers reported comorbid anxiety and depressive symptoms were more likely to have developed depressive symptoms by late adolescence [RR 1.63, 95%CI 1.11-2.38]. An increased risk of depressive symptoms was also seen in the offspring of fathers with emotional problems [RR 1.29, 95%CI 1.01-1.53]. Our findings suggest an increased risk of depressive symptoms in the adolescent offspring of parents with mental health problems, specifically paternal emotional problems (29%) and maternal anxiety (43%), depression (45%), as well as comorbid anxiety and depressive symptoms (63%).
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2022
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 14-11-2019
DOI: 10.1186/S13011-019-0240-3
Abstract: Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is common among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) and associated with a greater risk of poor medication adherence, unsafe sexual behaviors as well as poor quality of life. To our knowledge, there is no previous systematic review and meta-analysis that reported the pooled prevalence estimate of AUD among PLWHA. Therefore, this review aimed to systematically review the available studies on the prevalence of AUD among PLWHA and forward possible recommendations for future clinical practice and research. PubMed, EMBASE, Psych INFO and SCOPUS databases were searched to identify the relevant studies. We have also scanned the reference lists of the eligible studies to supplement our electronic search. We used the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software versions 3.0 to conduct a meta-analysis. Subgroup and sensitivity analysis were performed and Cochran’s Q- and the I 2 - test were employed to see the heterogeneity. The presence of publication bias was explored by utilizing Egger’s test and visual inspection of the symmetry in funnel plots. A total of 25 studies with 25,154 participants across developed and developing countries were included in the final analysis. Our meta-analysis revealed that the pooled prevalence estimate of AUD among PLWHA was found to be 29.80% (95% CI 24.10–35.76). The prevalence of AUD was higher in males (26.90%) than female (13.37%) HIV patients. In this study, the pooled prevalence of AUD was considerably higher (31.52%) when measured by Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) as compared to Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) (13.51%). In addition, the pooled prevalence of AUD was higher in the developed countries (42.09%) while lower for developing countries (24.52%). In the current study, the pooled prevalence estimates of AUD among PLWHA was considerably high (29.80%). Screening and appropriate management of AUD among PLWHA are recommended.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-11-2017
Publisher: Research Square Platform LLC
Date: 03-08-2020
DOI: 10.21203/RS.3.RS-51520/V1
Abstract: Background: Depression is the leading cause of disability at a population level and globally 350 million people are suffering from depression. Many people suffer from depression use different sources of help for their mental health problems. People with different mental health problems seek help from formal and/or informal sources. This gives crucial information on community , s beliefs and perception regarding their preference for help if they faced depression. This study helps to guide effective planning and provision of mental health services and health policy of the country to explore the community , s preferences of help-seeking. Objective : The aim of this community based cross-sectional study was to contrast patterns of formal and informal help-seeking preferences for depression among residents of Aykel town, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods : This cross-sectional population based study included 832 participants. We used a major depressive disorder case vignette and general help-seeking questionnaire (GHSQ) to assess the preferences to seek help. Study participants were selected by multistage cluster s ling technique. Data were collected by face-to-face interviews. An independent- s le t- test and analysis of variance test (ANOVA) was performed to determine mean score difference in socio-demographic characteristics of the participants for informal sources of help. Results : A total of 656 subjects (78.8%) showed high propensity to intimate partner, and 655 (78.7%) of the study subjects had high propensity to mental health professional. The mean score of the residents’ preference to seek help from informal sources was 3.41±0.60.The mean score of preference to seek help from formal sources was 3.18±0.75. A total of 276 (33.2%) subjects showed high propensity to both informal and formal sources of help. The result also showed that there was mean score difference in preferences to informal help between subjects with strong social support and low and/ moderate social support (P .001). Conclusion : The result suggests that the majority of the residents had a higher preference to seek help from informal sources compared to formal sources of care. Mean score difference was observed in degree of social support and occupational status(student,housewife and jobless) for informal sources of help. Providing and strengthening both formal and informal sources of help in conjunction is crucial to get a more qualified and effective care of depressed patients.
Publisher: OMICS Publishing Group
Date: 2017
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-06-2019
Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
Date: 30-09-2021
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-02-2021
DOI: 10.1186/S12991-021-00333-7
Abstract: There are limited studies on the prevalence of misdiagnosis as well as detection rates of severe psychiatric disorders in specialized and non-specialized healthcare settings. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to determine the prevalence of misdiagnosis and detection rates of severe psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia, schizoaffective, bipolar, and depressive disorders in a specialized psychiatric setting. In this cross-sectional study, a random s le of 309 patients with severe psychiatric disorders was selected by systematic s ling technique. Severe psychiatric disorders were assessed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID). The potential determinates of misdiagnosis were explored using univariable and multivariable logistic regression models, adjusting for the potential confounding factors. This study revealed that more than a third of patients with severe psychiatric disorders were misdiagnosed (39.16%). The commonly misdiagnosed disorder was found to be a schizoaffective disorder (75%) followed by major depressive disorder (54.72%), schizophrenia (23.71%), and bipolar disorder (17.78%). Among the patients detected with the interview by SCID criteria, the highest level of the correct diagnosis was recorded in the medical record for schizophrenia (76.29%) followed by bipolar (72.22%), depressive (42.40%), and schizoaffective (25%) disorders with detection rate (sensitivity) of 0.76 (95% CI 0.69–0.84), 0.42 (95% CI 0.32–0.53), 0.72 (95% CI 0.60–0.84), and 0.25 (95% CI 0.09–0.41), respectively for schizophrenia, depressive, bipolar, and schizoaffective disorders. Patients with bipolar disorder were more likely to be misdiagnosed as having schizophrenia (60%), whereas schizophrenic patients were more likely to be misdiagnosed as having bipolar disorder (56.25%) and patients with depressive disorders were more likely to be misdiagnosed as having schizophrenia (54.72%). Having a diagnosis of schizoaffective and depressive disorders, as well as suicidal ideation, was found to be significant predictors of misdiagnosis. This study showed that roughly four out of ten patients with severe psychiatric disorders had been misdiagnosed in a specialized psychiatric setting in Ethiopia. The highest rate of misdiagnosis was observed for schizoaffective disorder (3 out of 4), followed by major depressive disorder (1 out of 2), schizophrenia (1 out of 4), and bipolar disorders (1 in 5). The detection rates were highest for schizophrenia, followed by bipolar, depressive, and schizoaffective disorders. Having a diagnosis of schizoaffective and depressive disorders as well as suicidal ideation was found to be significant predictors of misdiagnosis.
Publisher: OMICS Publishing Group
Date: 2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2021
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-05-2018
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-03-2018
Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
Date: 16-08-2023
DOI: 10.1001/JAMANETWORKOPEN.2023.29159
Abstract: Existing epidemiological evidence is equivocal as to whether paternal depression poses a consequent risk of depression in offspring meta-analysis of findings can help inform preventative intervention efforts. To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies examining the association between paternal and offspring depression. Embase, PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched between inception and December 2022. The review included all observational studies that investigated the association between paternal and offspring depression and 10 606 studies were initially identified. This systematic review and meta-analysis was performed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis guidelines. The review protocol was prospectively registered in PROSPERO. Summary odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs were pooled using inverse variance weighted random effect meta-analysis. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed. The main outcome of interest was offspring depression measured using recognized depression assessment tools. Sixteen observational studies published between 2002 and 2021 were included, with a combined s le of 7 153 723 father-child dyads. A meta-analysis of these studies showed that paternal depression was associated with an increased risk of depression in offspring (OR, 1.42 95% CI, 1.17-1.71). The risk was higher among offspring exposed to paternal depressive disorders (OR, 1.65 95% CI, 1.28-2.12) than those exposed to depression as defined by a nonclinical symptom scale (OR, 1.12 95% CI, 1.06-1.19). Sensitivity analysis revealed consistent pooled estimates ranging from 1.35 (95% CI, 1.12-1.62) to 1.45 (95% CI, 1.18-1.78). Paternal depression was associated with subsequent offspring depression. This finding shows the intergenerational transmission of mental health problems and suggests that mental health interventions benefit not only the patient but also the family as a whole, including both parents.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2023
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2021
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 13-03-2020
DOI: 10.1186/S12991-020-00271-W
Abstract: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common neurodevelopmental disorders in childhood and adolescence, affecting 2.2 to 17.8% of all school-aged children and adolescents. ADHD in children has been associated with a wide range of developmental deficits including limitations of learning or control of executive functions as well as global impairments of social skills. However, no review has been conducted to report the consolidated magnitude of ADHD in children and adolescents in Africa. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the prevalence of ADHD in Africa. Following the PRISMA guideline, we systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed studies that investigated the prevalence of ADHD in Africa from three electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, and Scopus). We also looked at the reference lists of included studies to include other relevant studies. Subgroup and sensitivity analysis was carried out based on the study setting, tools used to measure ADHD, sex of participants, and the subtype of ADHD. Heterogeneity across the studies was evaluated using Cochran's Q - and the I 2 -test. We assessed potential publication bias using Egger's test and visual inspection of the symmetry in funnel plots. In the present meta-analysis, 7452 articles were initially identified and evaluated. Of these, 12 studies that met the inclusion criteria were included in the final analysis. The pooled prevalence of ADHD in children and adolescents in Africa was 7.47% (95% CI 60–9.26). The prevalence of ADHD was apparently greater in boys (10.60%) than in girls (5.28%) with a male:female ratio of 2.01:1. In our subgroup analysis, the predominantly inattentive type (ADHD-I) was found to be the most common subtype of ADHD, followed by hyperactive–impulsive type (ADHD-HI) and the combined type (ADHD-C) with the prevalence of 2.95%, 2.77%, and 2.44% respectively. The predominantly inattentive type (ADHD-I) was the most common type of ADHD in both boys (4.05%) and girls (2.21%). The funnel plot and Egger's regression tests provided no evidence of substantial publication bias in the prevalence of ADHD. Our systematic review suggested a higher prevalence of ADHD (7.47%) in children and adolescents in Africa, indicating that ADHD is a serious public health problem in children and adolescents in Africa. The prevalence of ADHD was considerably greater in males than in females. The predominantly inattentive type (ADHD-I) was the most common type of ADHD in both males and females. Greater attention needs to be paid to the prevention and treatment of ADHD.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-11-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2022
Publisher: OMICS Publishing Group
Date: 2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2020
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 2021
DOI: 10.1002/TRC2.12200
Abstract: Dementia is currently one of the leading causes of mortality globally, and mortality due to dementia will likely increase in the future along with corresponding increases in population growth and population aging. However, large inconsistencies in coding practices in vital registration systems over time and between countries complicate the estimation of global dementia mortality. We meta‐analyzed the excess risk of death in those with dementia and multiplied these estimates by the proportion of dementia deaths occurring in those with severe, end‐stage disease to calculate the total number of deaths that could be attributed to dementia. We estimated that there were 1.62 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 0.41–4.21) deaths globally due to dementia in 2019. More dementia deaths occurred in women (1.06 million [0.27–2.71]) than men (0.56 million [0.14–1.51]), largely but not entirely due to the higher life expectancy in women (age‐standardized female‐to‐male ratio 1.19 [1.10–1.26]). Due to population aging, there was a large increase in all‐age mortality rates from dementia between 1990 and 2019 (100.1% [89.1–117.5]). In 2019, deaths due to dementia ranked seventh globally in all ages and fourth among in iduals 70 and older compared to deaths from other diseases estimated in the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study. Mortality due to dementia represents a substantial global burden, and is expected to continue to grow into the future as an older, aging population expands globally.
Publisher: Research Square Platform LLC
Date: 15-10-2019
Abstract: Background Worldwide, problematic test anxiety is a common health problem among medical students. The magnitude of problematic test anxiety ranges from 25 to 40% in undergraduate medical students and has a detrimental effect on academic achievement and success of students. However, data on the prevalence of test anxiety among medical students is limited. Thus, the study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of test anxiety among medical students. Methods In this cross-sectional study, a stratified random s ling technique was used to select the participants. The level of test anxiety was determined by the Westside Test Anxiety Inventory (WTAI). We utilized logistic regression to explore the association between test anxiety and the potential sociodemographic/student-related characteristics among medical students. Results The study included 423 medical students. Our study resulted the prevalence of problematic test anxiety among medical students to be 52.30% (95% CI 47.40-57.30). The prevalence of test anxiety was remarkably higher in women (79.75%) than in men (33.62%) students. Female sex [AOR=3.25, 95% CI: (1.54, 6.89)], having low grade [AOR=0.11,95% CI: (0.044,0.288)], being first year [AOR=10.55,95% CI: (1.4,76.7)], excessive course load [AOR=6.128,95% CI: (2.675,14.039)], and taking oral examination [AOR=2.89,95% CI: (1.42,5.84)] were determined as some of the predicting factors of test anxiety among medical students. Additionally, lack of systemic study plan [AOR=2.4,95% CI: (1.25,4.59)], poor social support [AOR=3.6,95% CI: (1.56,8.29)], moderate social support [AOR=3.39,95% CI: (1.56,7.4)], psychologically distressed [AOR=2.68,95% CI: (1.37,5.27)] independently predicts test anxiety among medical students. Conclusion Findings suggest that a substantial percentage of medical students had problematic test anxiety in Ethiopia (52.30%). This study also showed a significant association between test anxiety and female sex, having poor grade point average, being the first year, excessive course load, oral examination, lack of study plan, poor social support, moderate social support, and having psychological distress. Problematic test anxiety, which is found to be common among medical students, deserves more attention.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 06-07-2022
DOI: 10.1177/00048674211025633
Abstract: There is limited evidence on the impact of parental mental health problems on offspring’s educational outcomes. We investigated the impact of maternal anxiety and depressive symptoms, as well as paternal emotional problems on the educational outcomes of their adolescent and young adult offspring. We used data from a longitudinal birth cohort recruited between 1989 and 1991 in Australia (the Raine Study). The Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale was used to assess maternal depressive and anxiety symptoms, and a self-reported question was used to measure paternal mental health problems. Both were assessed when the offspring was aged 10 years. Outcomes included offspring’s self-reported education attainment—not completing year 10 at age 17, not attending tertiary education at ages 17 and 22 and primary caregiver’s reports of offspring’s academic performance at age 17. A total of 1033, 1307 and 1364 parent–offspring pairs were included in the final analysis exploring the association between parental mental health problems and offspring’s academic performance at school, completing year 10 and attending tertiary education, respectively. After adjusting for potential confounders, the offspring of mothers with anxiety symptoms were 3.42 times more likely than the offspring of mothers without anxiety symptoms to have poor or below-average academic performance (odds ratio = 3.42 95% confidence interval = [1.31, 8.92]) and more than 2 times more likely to not attend tertiary education (odds ratio = 2.55 95% confidence interval = [1.10, 5.5.88]) and not to have completed year 10 (odds ratio = 2.13 95% confidence interval = [1.04, 4.33]). We found no significant associations between maternal depressive symptoms or paternal emotional problems and offspring educational attainment. Maternal anxiety symptoms, but not depression and paternal emotional problems, are associated with poor educational attainment and achievement in adolescent offspring. The findings highlight that efforts to improve the outcomes of offspring of mothers with anxiety could focus on educational attainment.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 22-06-2020
DOI: 10.1186/S12981-020-00291-2
Abstract: The link between food insecurity and depression in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) has been explored in numerous studies however, the existing evidence is inconclusive due to inconsistent results. Therefore, the objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to examine the relationship between food insecurity and depression in PLWHA. We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus to identify relevant studies. A random-effect model was used for conducting the meta-analysis. We assessed the risk of publication bias by funnel plot and Egger’s regression asymmetry test. In this review, seven studies were included in the final analysis. Our meta-analysis revealed that food insecurity significantly increased the risk of depression in PLWHA [RR 2.28 (95% CI 1.56–3.32)]. This association remained significant after adjusting for the confounding effects of drug use [RR 1.63 (95% CI 1.27–2.10)], social support [RR 2.21 (95% CI 1.18–4.16)] as well as ART drugs [RR 1.96 (95% CI 1.17–3.28)]. Our subgroup and sensitivity confirmed the robustness of the main analysis. This systematic review and meta-analysis suggest a significant association between food insecurity and increased risk of depression PLWHA. Therefore, early screening and management of food insecurity in PLWHA seem to be necessary.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-02-2019
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-05-2020
DOI: 10.1186/S12888-020-02626-9
Abstract: Substance use among homeless people is higher compared to the general population. In some studies, reported rates of problematic drug use among the homeless vary, with estimates ranging from 25 to 70%. There is a common perception that substance abuse and homelessness are linked, but there is considerable debate about the direction of the relationship. Despite observations of high levels of substance use among the homeless population in Addis Ababa, there are limited studies to date conducted on the topic. This study aims to explore the factors associated with onset of substance use and its continued use, patterns of substance use and its social and health consequences among female residents of a shelter in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A qualitative study was conducted in 2019. In-depth interviews were conducted on 14 study participants who were selected purposively. The qualitative data analysis software QDA Miner 5.0.30 was used for data processing and analysis. Four major thematic areas were identified and they comprised the categories under which sub-themes were identified and coded. The major segments or categories included the following: reasons for the onset of substance use after becoming homeless, experiences of substance use and reasons for continued use, the harms which resulted on them from substance use, and the means of obtaining supply of the substances. Factors related to life on streets were strong reasons for onset of substance use, as well as for its continued use. Homeless women suffered untimely death, addiction, and ill health from use of substances however, they gave priority to obtaining substances than any other thing, and used every means to grab a supply of the substances.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2020
Publisher: Research Square Platform LLC
Date: 18-10-2019
Abstract: Background Worldwide, problematic test anxiety is a common health problem among medical students. The magnitude of problematic test anxiety ranges from 25 to 40% in undergraduate medical students and has a detrimental effect on academic achievement and success of students. However, data on the prevalence of test anxiety among medical students is limited. Thus, the study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of test anxiety among medical students. Methods In this cross-sectional study, a stratified random s ling technique was used to select the participants. The level of test anxiety was determined by the Westside Test Anxiety Inventory (WTAI). We utilized logistic regression to explore the association between test anxiety and the potential sociodemographic/student-related characteristics among medical students. Results The study included 423 medical students. Our study resulted the prevalence of problematic test anxiety among medical students to be 52.30% (95% CI 47.40-57.30). The prevalence of test anxiety was remarkably higher in women (79.75%) than in men (33.62%) students. Female sex [AOR=3.25, 95% CI: (1.54, 6.89)], having low grade [AOR=0.11,95% CI: (0.044,0.288)], being first year [AOR=10.55,95% CI: (1.4,76.7)], excessive course load [AOR=6.128,95% CI: (2.675,14.039)], and taking oral examination [AOR=2.89,95% CI: (1.42,5.84)] were determined as some of the predicting factors of test anxiety among medical students. Additionally, lack of systemic study plan [AOR=2.4,95% CI: (1.25,4.59)], poor social support [AOR=3.6,95% CI: (1.56,8.29)], moderate social support [AOR=3.39,95% CI: (1.56,7.4)], psychologically distressed [AOR=2.68,95% CI: (1.37,5.27)] independently predicts test anxiety among medical students. Conclusion Findings suggest that a substantial percentage of medical students had problematic test anxiety in Ethiopia (52.30%). This study also showed a significant association between test anxiety and female sex, having poor grade point average, being the first year, excessive course load, oral examination, lack of study plan, poor social support, moderate social support, and having psychological distress. Problematic test anxiety, which is found to be common among medical students, deserves more attention.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-01-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2020
Publisher: OMICS Publishing Group
Date: 2016
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 17-06-2020
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-2018
Publisher: OMICS Publishing Group
Date: 2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2023
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 28-09-2020
Publisher: OMICS Publishing Group
Date: 2016
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Date: 30-08-2019
Abstract: Humans began to leave lasting impacts on Earth's surface starting 10,000 to 8000 years ago. Through a synthetic collaboration with archaeologists around the globe, Stephens et al. compiled a comprehensive picture of the trajectory of human land use worldwide during the Holocene (see the Perspective by Roberts). Hunter-gatherers, farmers, and pastoralists transformed the face of Earth earlier and to a greater extent than has been widely appreciated, a transformation that was essentially global by 3000 years before the present. Science , this issue p. 897 see also p. 865
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-01-2020
DOI: 10.1186/S12888-019-2419-6
Abstract: Depression is common among people with schizophrenia and associated with severe positive and negative symptoms, higher rates of disability, treatment resistance and mortality related to suicide, physical and drug-related causes. However, to our knowledge, no study has been conducted to report the magnitude of depression among people with schizophrenia in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of depression among people with schizophrenia. A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 418 patients with schizophrenia selected by systematic s ling technique. Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) was used to measure depression among the study participants. To identify the potential contributing factors, we performed binary and multivariable logistic regression analysis adjusting the model for the potential confounding factors. Odds ratios (OR) with the corresponding 95% confidence interval (95%CI)) was determined to evaluate the strength of association. The prevalence estimate of depression among people with schizophrenia was found to be 18.0% [95% confidence interval: 14.50–22.30]. Our multivariable analysis revealed that current substance use (AOR 2.28, 95%CI (1.27, 4.09), suicide attempt (AOR 5.24, 95%CI (2.56, 10.72), duration of illness between 6 and 10 years (AOR 2.09, 95%CI (1.08, 4.04) and poor quality of life (AOR 3.13, 95%CI (1.79, 5.76) were found to be the factors associated with depression among people with schizophrenia. The current study revealed that comorbid depression was high among people with schizophrenia and associated with current substance use, suicide attempt, and long duration of the illness as well as poor quality of life. Attention needs to be given to address comorbid depression among people with schizophrenia.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-08-2020
DOI: 10.1186/S13033-020-00395-2
Abstract: The high rate of unemployment among young adults in Ethiopia, which was 25.3% in 2018, is a major social, and public health concern. The risk of mental health problems like depression is higher among the unemployed than among the employed. However, there was no study conducted on the prevalence and associated factors of depression among unemployed young adults in Ethiopia. Hence, this study was aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of depression among unemployed young adults in Gedeo zone, Southern Ethiopia. Community based cross sectional study design was employed among 1452 unemployed young adults in Gedeo zone, Southern Ethiopia from May to July, 2019. In order to select the study participants, systematic random s ling technique was used. The presence of depression was assessed by using Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and data about socio-demographic characteristics of study participants were collected by using structured questionnaire. Data were coded and entered into Epi-Data version 3.1, and analyzed by SPSS version 20. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was carried out to identify factors associated with depression, and variables with p values 0.05 were considered as statistically significant. The strength of the association was presented by adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval. The overall prevalence of depression among unemployed young adults in the present study was 30.9% (95% CI: 28.4%, 33.1%). Of the total study participants with depression, 56.7% had mild depression, 36% had moderate depression, and 7.3% had severe depression. Being male (AOR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.10, 1.80), long duration of unemployment (≥ 1 years) (AOR = 1.56, 95% CI: 1.21, 1.99), low self-esteem (AOR = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.68), poor social support (AOR = 1.98, 95% CI: 1.34, 2.93), and current alcohol use (AOR = 1.86, 95% CI: 1.33, 2.59) were significantly associated with depression. The results of our study indicated that depression is an important public health problem among unemployed young adults in Ethiopia. Therefore, our study suggested that policy makers and program planners should establish appropriate strategy for prevention, early detection and management of depression among this population. Besides, addressing the need of unemployed young people, improving access to care for depression is an important next step. Furthermore, we recommend further studies to understand the nature of depression among unemployed young people, and to strengthen the current results.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2020
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-08-2020
Publisher: Research Square Platform LLC
Date: 17-08-2020
DOI: 10.21203/RS.3.RS-59130/V1
Abstract: Background There are limited studies regarding the magnitude of misdiagnosis as well as underdiagnosis in a specialized psychiatric setting. Thus far, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that determined the epidemiology of misdiagnosis as well as detection rates of severe psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia, schizoaffective, bipolar, and depressive disorders in a specialized psychiatric setting. Method In this cross-sectional study, a random s le of 309 patients with severe psychiatric disorders were selected by systematic s ling technique. Severe psychiatric disorders were measured by structured clinical interview for DSM-IV (SCID). The potential determinates of misdiagnosis were explored using binary and multivariable logistic regression models, adjusting for the potential confounding factors. Result The current study demonstrated that a remarkable proportion (39.16%) of people with severe psychiatric disorders were misdiagnosed. The commonly misdiagnosed disorder was found to be schizoaffective disorders (75%) followed by major depressive disorder (54.72%), schizophrenia (23.71%), and bipolar disorder (17.78%). Among the patients detected with the interview by SCID criteria, the highest level of the correct diagnosis was recorded in the medical record for schizophrenia (76.29%) followed by bipolar (72.22%), depressive (42.40%), and schizoaffective (25%) disorders with detection rate (sensitivity) of 0.76 (95%CI 0.69-0.84), 0.42 (95%CI 0.32-0.53), 0.72 (95%CI 0.60-0.84), and 0.25 (95%CI 0.09-0.41), respectively for schizophrenia, depressive, bipolar, and schizoaffective disorders. This study revealed that bipolar disorder patients are more likely to be diagnosed as schizophrenia (60%) whereas schizophrenia was most likely diagnosed as bipolar disorder (56.25%) and depressive disorders as schizophrenia (54.72%). Having a diagnosis of schizoaffective and depressive disorders as well as suicidal ideation were found to be significant predictors of misdiagnosis. Conclusion The current study revealed that four out of ten patients with severe psychiatric disorders are misdiagnosed in a specialized psychiatric setting in Ethiopia. The highest rate of misdiagnosis was observed for schizoaffective disorder (3 out of 4), followed by major depressive disorder (1 out of 2), schizophrenia (1 out of 4), and bipolar disorders (1 in 5). The detection rates were highest for schizophrenia, followed by bipolar, depressive, and schizoaffective disorders. Having a diagnosis of schizoaffective and depressive disorders as well as suicidal ideation were found to be significant predictors of misdiagnosis.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2022
Publisher: International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease
Date: 11-2020
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To summarise the available evidence on the prevalence of psychological distress among patients with TB in sub-Saharan Africa, and suggest recommendations for future clinical practice. METHODS: We searched PubMed/Medline, SCOPUS and EMBASE databases for relevant studies. We further searched the reference lists of included studies to include other relevant studies. Cochran´s Q-statistic and the I 2 test were used to compute the heterogeneity. The presence of publication bias was assessed by visual inspection of symmetry and Egger´s test. RESULTS: The pooled prevalence estimate of psychological distress among patients with TB in sub-Saharan African countries was 42.3% (95% CI 35.3–49.7). The pooled prevalence of psychological distress was 61.1% in Cameroon, 49.4% in Angola, 47.7% in Ethiopia, 34.0% in Nigeria and 29.3% in South Africa. The pooled prevalence estimate of psychological distress among patients with TB ranged from 40.1% to 43.7% in a leave-one-out-sensitivity analysis. Furthermore, the prevalence of psychological distress was higher in females when compared to males. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of psychological distress among TB patients was high. Therefore, TB programmes should integrate psychiatry services to screen and manage psychologically distressed patients.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 27-11-2019
DOI: 10.1186/S12888-019-2361-7
Abstract: Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders constitute a huge global burden of disease and they are major contributors to disability as well as premature mortality among homeless people. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders among homeless people. PubMed, Embase, and Scopus were searched to identify pertinent studies. We used a fixed- or random-effect meta-analysis to pool data from the included studies depending on the anticipated heterogeneity. A predesigned search strategy, as well as inclusion and exclusion criteria, were used. We also performed subgroup and sensitivity analysis and Cochran’s Q- and the I 2 test was employed to compute heterogeneity. Egger’s test and visual inspection of the symmetry in funnel plots were used to assess publication bias. Thirty-one studies involving 51,925 homeless people were included in the final analysis. The meta-analysis showed a remarkably higher prevalence of psychosis [21.21% (95% CI:13.73, 31.29), I 2 = 99.43%], schizophrenia [10.29% (95%, CI: 6.44, 16.02), I 2 = 98.76%], schizophreniform disorder [2.48% (95% CI: 6.16, 28.11), I 2 = 88.84%] schizoaffective disorder [3.53% (95% CI: 1.33, 9.05), I 2 = 31.63%,] as well as psychotic disorders not otherwise specified [9% (95% CI: 6.92, 11.62), I 2 = 33.38%] among homeless people. The prevalence estimate of psychosis was higher in developing (29.16%) as compared to developed (18.80%) countries. Similarly, the prevalence of schizophrenia was highest in developing (22.15%) than developed (8.83%) countries. This systematic review and meta-analysis revealed that schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders are highly prevalent among homeless people, indicating an urgent need for studies to help develop better mechanisms of prevention, detection as well as treatment of those disorders among homeless people.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2020
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-05-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2021
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 14-09-2015
Publisher: Research Square Platform LLC
Date: 29-04-2021
DOI: 10.21203/RS.3.RS-446084/V2
Abstract: Background: Hazardous drinking is a quantity or pattern of alcohol consumption that places in iduals at risk for adverse health events. Studies have shown that hazardous alcohol drinking among patients with tuberculosis has been often linked to a decrease in immune system functioning, greater rates of treatment-resistant cases, and death during treatment. However, there are rare studies that assessed the prevalence of hazardous alcohol use and associated factors among patients with tuberculosis in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess the prevalence of hazardous alcohol drinking and associated factors among patients with tuberculosis attending public healthcare facilities in Gedeo Zone, Southern Ethiopia. Methods: An institution-based, cross-sectional study was conducted among a randomly selected s le of 415 patients with tuberculosis. The study was conducted at the tuberculosis unit of public healthcare facilities in the Gedeo zone, Southern Ethiopia. The Alcohol Use Identification Test (AUDIT) scale was used to measure hazardous alcohol drinking. Data on social support, perceived tuberculosis stigma, and depression were collected using a standard, validated, and structured questionnaire. Results: The prevalence of hazardous alcohol drinking in our study was 20 % (95% CI 16.1% -24.2%). Medical comorbidity (AOR = 2.44, 95% CI: 1.29–4.62), length of illness ( =12 months) (AOR = 2.88, 95% CI: 1.03–3.04), and being male (AOR = 2.10, 95% CI: 1.17–3.77) were found to be significant predictors of hazardous alcohol drinking after controlling for potential confounders. Conclusion: A high prevalence of hazardous alcohol drinking was observed among patients with tuberculosis. Therefore, routine screening for alcohol use and a holistic treatment approach for patients with tuberculosis are crucial.
Publisher: Research Square Platform LLC
Date: 25-02-2021
DOI: 10.21203/RS.3.RS-248456/V1
Abstract: Background: Since the declaration of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak as a pandemic, different countries across the globe have been using quarantine to decrease the transmission of the disease and subsequently to minimize morbidity and associated mortality. Evidence suggests that quarantine might have a wide-ranging, substantial, and long-lasting negative psychological impact especially when the necessary preventive measures are not taken. However, to the best of our knowledge, there are no prior studies that determined the prevalence and correlate of depression and anxiety in quarantined populations during the COVID-19 outbreak in Sub-Saharan Africa including Ethiopia. Methods: A community-based cross-section study was conducted among in iduals under quarantine from June 5 to July 5, 2020. After obtaining verbal consent, data was collected face to face using the structured and self-administered hospital anxiety and depression scale instrument. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used to assess depression and anxiety. Binary logistic regression analysis (multivariate analysis) was used to identify the potential determinants of depression and anxiety. Result: A total of 297 participants were included in the study which makes the response rate 90.8%. The prevalence of anxiety, depression, and co-morbid anxiety and depression were 21.5%, 70.7%, and 15.8% respectively. In our multivariable analyses, stressful life events (AOR 2.61, 95%CI (1.46, 4.67)), spent time on sleeping (AOR 1.97, 95% CI (1.08, 3.62)), and believing that COVID-19 could be prevented by wearing a glove (AOR 0.30, 95% CI (0.11, 0.81)) showed a statistically significant association with anxiety, whereas being married (AOR 2.67, 95% CI (1.37, 5.22)), had stressful life event in the last six months (AOR 1.44, 95% CI (1.44, 5.25)) and spending of time by sleeping during the quarantine (AOR 1.97, 95% CI (1.42, 6.19)) predicted depression. Conclusion: The current study result indicated that a considerable proportion of in iduals who were under quarantine during the COVID-19 pandemic have experienced psychological disturbances, such as anxiety and depression. The presence of stressful life events, time spent on sleeping, and believing that COVID-19 could be prevented by wearing masks were found to be significant predictors of depression or anxiety among the participants. The results suggest that attention needs to be given to mitigate mental health problems in the quarantined population during the COVID-19 outbreak.
Publisher: Research Square Platform LLC
Date: 27-04-2021
DOI: 10.21203/RS.3.RS-446084/V1
Abstract: Background: Hazardous drinking is a quantity or pattern of alcohol consumption that places in iduals at risk for adverse health events. Studies have shown that hazardous alcohol drinking among patients with tuberculosis has been often linked to a decrease in immune system functioning, greater rates of treatment-resistant cases and death during treatment. However, there are rare studies that assessed the prevalence of hazardous alcohol use and associated factors among patients with tuberculosis in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess the prevalence of hazardous alcohol drinking and associated factors among patients with tuberculosis attending public healthcare facilities in Gedeo Zone, Southern Ethiopia. Methods: An institution-based, cross-sectional study was conducted among a randomly selected s le of 415 patients with tuberculosis. The study was conducted at the tuberculosis units of public healthcare facilities in Gedeo zone, Southern Ethiopia. The Alcohol Use Identification Test (AUDIT) scale was used to measure hazardous alcohol drinking. Data on social support, perceived tuberculosis stigma, and depression were collected using a standard, validated, and structured questionnaire. Results: The prevalence of hazardous alcohol drinking in our study was 20 % (95% CI 16.1% -24.2%). Medical comorbidity (AOR = 2.44, 95% CI: 1.29–4.62), length of illness ( =12 months) (AOR = 2.88, 95% CI: 1.03–3.04), and being male (AOR = 2.10, 95% CI: 1.17–3.77) were found to be significant predictors of hazardous alcohol drinking after controlling for potential confounders. Conclusion: A high prevalence of hazardous alcohol drinking was observed among patients with tuberculosis. Therefore, routine screening for alcohol use and a holistic treatment approach for patients with tuberculosis are crucial.
Publisher: OMICS Publishing Group
Date: 2016
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 02-05-2019
DOI: 10.1155/2019/5917537
Abstract: Background . Tuberculosis is a historically stigmatized disease and the stigma associated with it affects the institution, community, and interpersonal factors. Therefore, understanding tuberculosis-related perceived stigma has importance in improving quality of the patients. Objective . The aim of this study was to assess prevalence and factors associated with perceived stigma among patients with tuberculosis attending Wolaita Sodo University Referral Hospital, Ethiopia. Methods . Institution based cross-sectional study was conducted among a total of 417 tuberculosis patients who had treatment follow-up at TB clinics and were recruited for the study. Systematic random s ling technique was used to recruit study participants. A 12-item perceived TB stigma scale was used to assess tuberculosis-related perceived stigma. In addition, Oslo social support scale was used to assess social support related factors. Results . Prevalence of tuberculosis-related perceived stigma by using perceived tuberculosis stigma scale was 42.4%. Patients who had pulmonary TB [AOR=2.49, (95% CI: 1.24, 4.87)], being intensive phase category [AOR=1.42, (95% CI: 1.19, 2.58)], TB/HIV coinfection [AOR= 3.54, (95% CI: 1.37, 9.12)], poor social support [AOR=2.45, (95% CI: 1.18, 5.09)], and using substance (alcohol, khat and cigarette) [AOR=1.78, (95% CI: 1.28, 3.17)] were more likely to have perceived TB stigma when compared to their counter parts. Conclusion . Health education programs should be conducted to reduce TB stigma and improve patients’ compliance.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2020
Publisher: Research Square Platform LLC
Date: 13-05-2020
Abstract: Background: The high rate of unemployment among young adults in Ethiopia (25.3%) is a public health concern. The risk of mental health problems like depression is higher among the unemployed than among the employed. However, there is no study conducted on the prevalence and associated factors of depression among unemployed young adults in Ethiopia. Hence, this study is aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of depression among unemployed young adults in Gedeo zone, Southern Ethiopia. Methods: Community based cross sectional study design was employed among 1452 unemployed young adults in Gedeo zone, Southern Ethiopia from May to July, 2019. Systematic random s ling technique was used to select study participants. The presence of depression was assessed by using Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and data on socio-demographic characteristics of study participants was collected by using structured questionnaire. Data was coded and entered into Epi-Data version 3.1 and analyzed by SPSS version 20. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was carried out to identify factors associated with depression, and variables with p-values 0.05 were considered as statistically significant. The strength of the association was presented by adjusted odds ratio with their 95% confidence interval. Result: The overall prevalence of depression among unemployed young adults in the present study was 30.9% (95% CI: 28.4%, 33.1%). Of the total study participants with depression, 56.7% had mild depression, 36% had moderate depression, and 7.3% had severe depression. Being male (AOR=1.40, 95%CI: 1.10, 1.80), long duration of unemployment (≥1years) (AOR=1.56, 95%CI: 1.21, 1.99), low self-esteem (AOR=1.32, 95%CI: 1.03, 1.68), poor social support (AOR=1.98, 95%CI: 1.34, 2.93), and current alcohol use (AOR=1.86, 95%CI: 1.33, 2.59) were significantly associated with depression. Conclusion : The results of our study indicated that depression is an important public health problem among unemployed young adults in Ethiopia. The results of our study suggest that policy makers and program planners should establish appropriate strategy for prevention, early detection and management of depression among this population. Moreover, this study also indicates that addressing the need of unemployed young people, improving access to care for depression is an important next step. Furthermore, we recommend further studies to understand the nature of depression among unemployed young people and to strengthen the current results.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 27-02-2020
DOI: 10.1186/S12879-020-4907-1
Abstract: Worldwide, there is limited epidemiologic evidence on the seroprevalence of undiagnosed chronic viral infections including HIV, hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections among patients with severe psychiatric disorders. To our knowledge, this is the first study to explore and compare undiagnosed seroprevalence rates of HIV, HBV, and HCV infections among patients with severe psychiatric disorders. In this study, we included a random s le of 309 patients with severe psychiatric disorders selected by systematic s ling technique. We used a structured clinical interview for DSM-IV (SCID) to confirm the diagnosis of severe psychiatric disorders among the participants. Binary and multivariable logistic regression models, adjusting for the potential confounding factors was used to explore the potential determinants of chronic viral infections. The prevalence estimates of HIV infection among patients with severe psychiatric disorders in this study (3.24%) was roughly 3 times the estimated population prevalence of HIV infection in Ethiopia (1.1%). This study showed that the prevalence rates of HBV and HCV infections among patients with severe psychiatric disorders were 4.85 and 1.29%, respectively. Our results also showed that among patients with chronic viral infections, HIV, HBV and HCV, 76.92, 60, 80, and 75% respectively were undiagnosed. Regarding associated factors, the presence of chronic viral infection was found to be significantly associated with the age of the participants (ranging between 30 and 40 years) after adjusting for the possible confounding factors [AOR = 3.95 (95%CI.18–13.17 ) ]. Even though the prevalence estimates of HIV (3.24%), HBV (4.85%), and HCV (1.29%) infections were high among patients with severe psychiatric disorders, the majority of them remained undiagnosed. HBV was found to be the commonly undiagnosed infection (4 out of 5) followed by HCV (3 out of 4) and HIV (6 out of 10). The present study provided evidence of a significant association between the age of the participant (between 30 and 40 years) and chronic viral infections in patients with severe psychiatric disorders. Increasing the awareness of psychiatry professionals and early screening, as well as interventions of chronic viral infections among patients with severe psychiatric disorders are imperative.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-08-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2021
Publisher: Symbiosis Group
Date: 28-12-2016
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 19-02-2019
Publisher: Research Square Platform LLC
Date: 08-04-2021
DOI: 10.21203/RS.3.RS-354506/V1
Abstract: Background Studies have suggested that developing good trends in clinical practices in adherence to the recommended processes and guidelines for basic care have been associated with good health outcomes. However, no previous studies have explored trends in psychiatric practices and their impact on relapse among patients with severe mental disorders. Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of 401 patients with severe psychiatric disorders selected by systematic random s ling technique. Trends in clinical practice were assessed by a tool adapted from published evidence based on advice from well-known experts in psychiatric practice. A univariable and multivariable logistic regression model was used to investigate the association between psychiatric practices and relapse. Results This study provided evidence of a significant deficit in adherence to the recommended practices of basic care. The vast majority of professionals were not following the appropriate psychiatry history-taking format at first contact (73.6%), not documented the reasons for drug discontinuation (88.5%), did not follow the correct guideline of shifting across psychrotrophic medications (86.8%), and did not put their name or signature on the chart (61.8%). In multivariable analysis, not following psychiatric history taking format at first contact 1.63 (1.04, 2.56)], the diagnosis of bipolar disorders [4.85 (2.01, 8.36)], drug discontinuation after a short duration of treatment [1.21 (1.02, 2.42)], poor documentation of patient data during follow up [3.10 (2.35, 4.43)], absence of name and signature of treating physician on the chart [7.58 (2.64, 21.79)], and failing to treat medication side effect [2.55 (1.02, 6.39)] were found to significant predictors of relapse among the participants. Conclusions The findings provided evidence of notably higher rates of deficits in adherence to the existing guideline of basic psychiatric care, which resulted in a higher risk of relapse among patients with severe psychiatric disorders.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2021
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 25-03-2019
No related grants have been discovered for Getinet Ayano, PhD.