ORCID Profile
0000-0002-4041-6129
Current Organisations
Curtin University
,
University of Gondar
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Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 15-08-2017
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 14-01-2020
DOI: 10.1186/S12889-020-8145-7
Abstract: Rabies has a worldwide distribution in continental regions of Africa, Asia and the Latin America. Globally, the case fatality rate is 100% once a clinical sign is developed. Poor public awareness towards rabies is one of the major obstacles in any prevention and control scheme of the diseases. The study aimed to assess knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) about rabies and associated factors among household heads in Mekelle city, Northern Ethiopia, 2016. A community based cross-sectional study was conducted from October to November 2016 with a total of 633 study participants. Data were collected using a pretested structured questionnaire and entered to EPI-Info 3.5.4 and coded, cleaned and analyzed using SPSS version 20 software. Bi variable and multivariable analysis was done to identify factors associated with knowledge, attitude and practice about rabies. Variables having p 0.05 was considered as statistically significant at 95%CI. Of 633 study participants, 357 (56.4%) were females and 239 (37.8%) were 18–35 years old. Among the study participants, 56.1% (95%CI = 52.2, 59.9), 56.2% (95%CI = 52.4, 60.1) and 61.3% (95%CI = 57.5, 65.1) had good level of knowledge, attitude and practice on the prevention and control of rabies respectively. Being female (AOR = 1.50, 95%CI = 1.05, 2.13), dog owner (AOR = 1.68, 95%CI = 1.17, 2.41) and participants who had training on rabies (AOR = 2.22, 95%CI = 1.53, 3.21) were found to have good knowledge. Married participants (AOR = 2.19, 95%CI = 1.16, 4.16), participants who owned dog (AOR = 2.64, 95%CI = 1.80, 3.86) and those encountered dog bite (AOR = 2.24, 95%CI = 1.23, 4.10) were found to have positive attitude towards rabies. Similarly, dog ownership (AOR = 11.85, 95%CI = 7.16, 19.6) was found to be associated with good practice. This study showed that more than half of the respondents had good knowledge, attitude and practice about the prevention and control of rabies.
Publisher: Research Square Platform LLC
Date: 09-12-2021
DOI: 10.21203/RS.3.RS-1046903/V1
Abstract: Background Maternal continuum of care is identified to have a greatest impact on maternal and child survival. However, there is a wide variation in maternal health services utilization from place to place in Ethiopia. Therefore, knowing antenatal care, labor and delivery, and postnatal care uptake has paramount importance to take interventions. Methods A community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted among 1626 postpartum women. Descriptive statistics were done to characterize the study population and utilization of antenatal care, institutional delivery, and postnatal care services. Logistic regression analysis was employed to identify factors associated with institutional delivery. Results Nearly eighty percent, (79.7%, 95% CI: 77.7, 81.6), of women attended at least one antenatal care visit at any health facility. However, only less than one third (31.4%) used all the recommended antenatal care (ANC). About half, 820 (49.2%: 95% CI: 46.7, 51.8) women delivered their child in health institution. About half, 822 (50.6%, 95% CI: 48.2, 52.9) of postpartum women who participated in this study had at least one postnatal care (PNC) visit at health facilities. Being urban resident (AOR=8.18, 95%CI: 4.69, 14.26)), respondents of higher educational status (AOR= 4.99, 95%CI: 2.51, 9.90), being Orthodox Christian (AOR= 2.35, 95%CI: 1.15, 4.79), getting TT vaccination during pregnancy (AOR=1.54, 95%CI: 1.06, 2.23), and antenatal care utilization (AOR=2.97, 95%CI: 2.06, 4.27) were predictors for health facility/institutional delivery. Conclusions Though a significant proportion of the study participants initiated antenatal care, utilization of all the recommended antenatal care visits, facility delivery, and postnatal care services were low. Health professionals need to use the first antenatal care visit as a golden opportunity to attract and maintain pregnant women for the subsequent maternal health care services.
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 06-02-2019
DOI: 10.1136/BMJ.L94
Abstract: To use the estimates from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016 to describe patterns of suicide mortality globally, regionally, and for 195 countries and territories by age, sex, and Socio-demographic index, and to describe temporal trends between 1990 and 2016. Systematic analysis. Crude and age standardised rates from suicide mortality and years of life lost were compared across regions and countries, and by age, sex, and Socio-demographic index (a composite measure of fertility, income, and education). The total number of deaths from suicide increased by 6.7% (95% uncertainty interval 0.4% to 15.6%) globally over the 27 year study period to 817 000 (762 000 to 884 000) deaths in 2016. However, the age standardised mortality rate for suicide decreased by 32.7% (27.2% to 36.6%) worldwide between 1990 and 2016, similar to the decline in the global age standardised mortality rate of 30.6%. Suicide was the leading cause of age standardised years of life lost in the Global Burden of Disease region of high income Asia Pacific and was among the top 10 leading causes in eastern Europe, central Europe, western Europe, central Asia, Australasia, southern Latin America, and high income North America. Rates for men were higher than for women across regions, countries, and age groups, except for the 15 to 19 age group. There was variation in the female to male ratio, with higher ratios at lower levels of Socio-demographic index. Women experienced greater decreases in mortality rates (49.0%, 95% uncertainty interval 42.6% to 54.6%) than men (23.8%, 15.6% to 32.7%). Age standardised mortality rates for suicide have greatly reduced since 1990, but suicide remains an important contributor to mortality worldwide. Suicide mortality was variable across locations, between sexes, and between age groups. Suicide prevention strategies can be targeted towards vulnerable populations if they are informed by variations in mortality rates.
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 20-11-2020
DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0241581
Abstract: There is a paucity of research on the prevalence of diagnosed as well as undiagnosed neurological disorders with episodic manifestations such as epilepsy and migraine headaches in people with severe psychiatric disorders (SPD). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study analyzing and comparing the prevalence of diagnosed and undiagnosed chronic neurological disorders with episodic manifestations including epilepsy and migraine headache in people with SPD. This quantitative cross-sectional survey was undertaken among 309 patients with SPD selected by a systematic random s ling technique. The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID) was used to confirm SPD among the participants. The International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-3) and International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) were used to define migraine headache and epilepsy, respectively]. Risk factors for chronic neurologic disorders were explored by using logistic regression models. In this study, the prevalence of overall neurological disorders, epilepsy, and migraine headache among people with SPD were found to be 5.2% (95%CI 3.2–8.3), 1.6% (95%CI 0.7–3.9), and 3.9% (95%CI 2.2–6.7), respectively. We found that a considerably higher proportion of people with SPD had undiagnosed overall neurological disorder (87.5% 14/16), epilepsy (60% 3/5), as well as migraine headaches (100% 12/12). On the other hand, in this study, 12.5%, 40%, and 0% of patients with overall neurologic disorder, epilepsy, and migraine headaches respectively were diagnosed by the professionals. Higher disability score (WHODAS score) was associated with increased odds of having neurological disorders compared with the lower WHODAS score [OR = 1.30 (95% CI 1.02–1.66)]. Whilst the prevalence estimates of neurological disorders with episodic manifestations including epilepsy and migraine headache was high among people with SPD, the vast majority of them remained undiagnosed. The diagnosis rates of those disorders were significantly low, perhaps surprisingly zero for migraine headache. High WHODAS score was associated with increased odds of having neurological disorders. Routine screening and management of epilepsy and migraine headache are imperative among people with SPD.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2018
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 02-03-2023
DOI: 10.1017/S095457942200013X
Abstract: The study aimed to investigate the association between interpregnancy interval (IPI) and parent-reported oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) in offspring at 7 and 10 years of age. We used data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), an ongoing population-based longitudinal study based in Bristol, United Kingdom (UK). Data included in the analysis consisted of more than 3200 mothers and their singleton children. The association between IPI and ODD was determined using a series of log-binomial regression analyses. We found that children of mothers with short IPI ( months) were 2.4 times as likely to have a diagnosis of ODD at 7 and 10 years compared to mothers with IPI of 18–23 months (RR = 2.45 95%CI: 1.24–4.81 and RR = 2.40 95% CI: 1.08–5.33), respectively. We found no evidence of associations between other IPI categories and risk of ODD in offspring in both age groups. Adjustment for a wide range of confounders, including maternal mental health, and comorbid ADHD did not alter the findings. This study suggests that the risk of ODD is higher among children born following short IPI ( months). Future large prospective studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms explaining this association.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 22-07-2020
DOI: 10.1186/S12884-020-03092-7
Abstract: Postnatal Depression (PND) is a mood disorder that steals motherhood and affects the health and development of a newborn. While the impact of PND on motherhood and newborn in developed countries are well described, its epidemiology and health consequences in infant is not well known in middle-and low-income countries. The objective of this review was to determine the burden and association of PND with adverse infant health outcomes in low-and middle- income countries. We searched observational studies written in the English language and conducted in middle-and low-income countries between December 1st, 2007, and December 31st, 2017. The CINHAL, MEDLINE, Emcare, PubMed, Psych Info, and Scopus databases were searched for the following search terms: PND, acute respiratory infection, pneumonia, diarrhea, exclusive breastfeeding, common infant illnesses, and malnutrition. We excluded studies in which the primary outcomes were not measured following a standardized approach. We have meta-analyzed the estimates from primary studies by adjusting for possible publication bias and heterogeneity. The analysis was conducted in Stata 14. The study was registered in PROSPERO protocol number CRD42017082624. Fifty-eight studies on PND prevalence (among 63,293 women) and 17 studies (among 32,454 infants) on infant health outcomes were included. PND prevalence was higher in the low-income countries (Pooled prevalence (PP) = 25.8% 95%CI: 17.9–33.8%) than in the middle-income countries (PP = 20.8% 95%CI: 18.4–23.1%) and reached its peak in five to ten weeks after birth. Poor obstetric history and social support, low economic and educational status, and history of exposure to violence were associated with an increased risk of PND. The risk of having adverse infant health outcomes was 31% higher among depressed compared to non-depressed postnatal mothers (Pooled relative risk (PRR) = 1.31 95%CI: 1.17–1.48). Malnutrition (1.39 1.21–1.61), non-exclusive breastfeeding (1.55 1.39–1.74), and common infant illnesses (2.55 1.41–4.61) were the main adverse health outcomes identified. One in four and one in five postnatal mothers were depressed in low and middle-income countries, respectively. Causes of depression could be explained by social, maternal, and psychological constructs. High risk of adverse infant health outcomes was associated with PND. Timely screening of PND and evidence-based interventions were a pressing need in low and middle-income countries.
Publisher: Korean Society of Epidemiology
Date: 28-12-2017
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 15-11-2023
DOI: 10.1111/ADD.16072
Abstract: Mixed results have been reported on the association between prenatal cannabis exposure and preterm birth. This study aimed to examine the magnitude and consistency of associations reported between prenatal cannabis exposure and preterm birth. This review was guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. We performed a comprehensive search of the literature on the following electronic databases: PubMed, EMBASE, SCOPUS, Psych‐INFO and Web of Science. The revised version of the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to appraise the methodological quality of the studies included in this review. Inverse variance weighted random‐effects cumulative meta‐analysis was undertaken to pool adjusted odds ratios (aOR) after sequential inclusion of each newly published study over time. The OR and 95% confidence interval (CI) limits required (stability threshold) for a new study to move the cumulative odds ratio to the null were also computed. A total of 27 observational studies published between 1986 and 2022 were included in the final cumulative meta‐analysis. The s le size of the studies ranged from 304 to 4.83 million births. Prenatal cannabis exposure was associated with an increased risk of preterm birth (pooled aOR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.24–1.48). The stability threshold was 0.74 (95% CI limit = 0.81) by the end of 2022. Offspring exposed to maternal prenatal cannabis use was associated with higher risk of preterm birth, which warrants public health messages to avoid such exposure, particularly during pregnancy.
Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
Date: 30-09-2021
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 14-10-2022
DOI: 10.1007/S00127-022-02374-Z
Abstract: Existing evidence on the relationship between mode of delivery and offspring emotional and behavioural problems, especially in older age groups, is limited and inconsistent. This study aimed to examine the association between obstetric mode of delivery and emotional and behavioural problems in offspring aged 3–16 years. The s le for this study comprised participants in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) in the United Kingdom. The study cohort ranged from 7074 (at 3 years of age) to 4071 (at 16 years of age) mother–offspring pairs. Data on obstetric mode of delivery were abstracted from obstetric records by trained research midwives and classified as spontaneous vaginal delivery, assisted vaginal delivery and caesarean delivery (elective and emergency). Offspring emotional and behavioural problems were measured using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) when the child was 3, 7, 9, 11, and 16 years. Logistic regression analyses were used to examine associations. Assisted vaginal delivery was associated with an increased risk of emotional problems at age 11 years (OR = 1.42 95% CI 1.11–1.81). No significant associations were observed at ages 3, 7, 9 and 16. We found no evidence of associations between caesarean delivery (elective or emergency) and emotional and behavioural measures in offspring across all age groups. Mode of delivery does not appear to be associated with emotional and behavioural problems in children and adolescents. Further research is needed to understand the potential longer-term effects of assisted vaginal deliveries on offspring emotional development.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-07-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2021
Publisher: University of Queensland Library
Date: 2020
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.1155/2016/7892701
Abstract: Studies in the northern part of Ethiopia showed high prevalence of undiagnosed cluster of tuberculosis cases within the community which demanded an investigation of the health care seeking behaviour of tuberculosis suspects. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Lay Armachiho district, Northwest Ethiopia. In iduals who had cough for at least two weeks and aged greater than or equal to 15 years were included in the study. Data were collected by interview using pretested and structured questionnaire. Logistic regression was computed and adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was calculated. Out of the total population surveyed (29, 735), 663 (2.2%) in iduals were found to be pulmonary tuberculosis suspects. Majority of the suspects reported that they had visited a modern health care facility. Those aged 15 to 34 and aged 35–54 had secondary educational level and above those who were civil servants, those who were farmers, those who had previous history of tuberculosis treatment, and those who perceived that they were sick were more likely to visit a modern health care facility. The proportion of respondents who had taken traditional measures was found to be higher than some other districts. Improving the socioeconomic status of the community is recommended.
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.1155/2016/7095352
Abstract: Improving maternal and newborn health through proper postnatal care services under the care of skilled health personnel is the key strategy to reduce maternal and neonatal mortality. However, there were limited evidences on utilization of postnatal care services in Ethiopia. A community based cross-sectional study was conducted in Debremarkos town, Northwest Ethiopia. Cluster s ling technique was used to select 588 study participants. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression model was fitted to identify factors associated with postnatal care utilization. Odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was computed to determine the level of significance. Postnatal care service utilization was found to be 33.5%. Awareness about maternal complication (AOR: 2.72, 95% CI (1.71, 4.34)), place of delivery of last child (AOR: 1.68, 95% CI: (1.01, 2.79)), outcome of birth (AOR: 2.71, 95% CI (1.19, 6.19)), delivery by cesarean section (AOR: 4.82, 95% CI (1.86, 12.54)), and delivery complication that occurred during birth (AOR: 2.58, 95% CI (1.56, 4.28)) were factors associated with postnatal care service utilization. Postnatal care service utilization was found to be low. Increasing awareness about postnatal care, preventing maternal and neonatal complication, and scheduling mothers based on the national postnatal care follow-up protocol would increase postnatal care service utilization.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2021
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 22-03-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2023
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2021
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 12-2021
DOI: 10.1136/BMJGH-2021-007179
Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has overwhelmed health systems in both developed and developing nations alike. Africa has one of the weakest health systems globally, but there is limited evidence on how the region is prepared for, impacted by and responded to the pandemic. We conducted a scoping review of PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL to search peer-reviewed articles and Google, Google Scholar and preprint sites for grey literature. The scoping review captured studies on either preparedness or impacts or responses associated with COVID-19 or covering one or more of the three topics and guided by Arksey and O’Malley’s methodological framework. The extracted information was documented following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension checklist for scoping reviews. Finally, the resulting data were thematically analysed. Twenty-two eligible studies, of which 6 reported on health system preparedness, 19 described the impacts of COVID-19 on access to general and essential health services and 7 focused on responses taken by the healthcare systems were included. The main setbacks in health system preparation included lack of available health services needed for the pandemic, inadequate resources and equipment, and limited testing ability and surge capacity for COVID-19. Reduced flow of patients and missing scheduled appointments were among the most common impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. Health system responses identified in this review included the availability of telephone consultations, re-purposing of available services and establishment of isolation centres, and provisions of COVID-19 guidelines in some settings. The health systems in Africa were inadequately prepared for the pandemic, and its impact was substantial. Responses were slow and did not match the magnitude of the problem. Interventions that will improve and strengthen health system resilience and financing through local, national and global engagement should be prioritised.
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 02-2021
DOI: 10.1136/BMJOPEN-2020-044606
Abstract: COVID-19 has caused a global public health crisis affecting most countries, including Ethiopia, in various ways. This study maps the vulnerability to infection, case severity and likelihood of death from COVID-19 in Ethiopia. Thirty-eight potential indicators of vulnerability to COVID-19 infection, case severity and likelihood of death, identified based on a literature review and the availability of nationally representative data at a low geographic scale, were assembled from multiple sources for geospatial analysis. Geospatial analysis techniques were applied to produce maps showing the vulnerability to infection, case severity and likelihood of death in Ethiopia at a spatial resolution of 1 km×1 km. This study showed that vulnerability to COVID-19 infection is likely to be high across most parts of Ethiopia, particularly in the Somali, Afar, Amhara, Oromia and Tigray regions. The number of severe cases of COVID-19 infection requiring hospitalisation and intensive care unit admission is likely to be high across Amhara, most parts of Oromia and some parts of the Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples’ Region. The risk of COVID-19-related death is high in the country’s border regions, where public health preparedness for responding to COVID-19 is limited. This study revealed geographical differences in vulnerability to infection, case severity and likelihood of death from COVID-19 in Ethiopia. The study offers maps that can guide the targeted interventions necessary to contain the spread of COVID-19 in Ethiopia.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-2014
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 26-08-2014
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 26-07-2019
DOI: 10.1017/S0954579419000944
Abstract: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) may increase the risk of offspring depression in childhood. Low birth weight is also associated with increased risk of mental health problems, including depression. This study sought to investigate (a) whether there is an association between HDP and the risk of depression in childhood and (b) whether low birth weight mediates this association. The current study is based on the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), a prospective, population-based study that has followed a cohort of offspring since their mothers were pregnant ( n = 6,739). Depression at the age of 7 years was diagnosed using parent reports via the Development and Well-Being Assessment (DAWBA). Log-binomial regression and mediation analyses were used. Children exposed to HDP were 2.3 times more likely to have a depression diagnosis compared with nonexposed children, adjusted Risk Ratio [RR], 2.31 95% CI, [1.20, 4.47]. Low birth weight was a weak mediator of this association. Results were adjusted for confounding variables including antenatal depression and anxiety during pregnancy.This study suggests that fetal exposure to maternal hypertensive disorders of pregnancy increased the risk of childhood depression. The study adds to the evidence suggesting that the uterine environment is a critical determinant of neurodevelopmental and psychiatric outcomes.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.PSYCHRES.2018.12.123
Abstract: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent heterogeneous neurodevelopmental syndrome associated with various environmental factors. This study examined the association between maternal pre-ecl sia and offspring ADHD at 7- and 10-years. The study cohort consisted of more than 7200 children who participated in Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) birth cohort study. ADHD was diagnosed using parent reported Development and Wellbeing Assessment (DAWBA). Log-binomial regression and Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) models were used. The GEE analysis showed that pre-ecl sia was associated with increased risk of ADHD in offspring (adjusted risk ratio [RR] = 2.77 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.42-5.38). Similarly, the results of multivariable log-binomial regression analysis at each time point showed that pre-ecl sia was associated with an almost threefold increase risk of offspring ADHD. This study suggests that offspring of mothers with pre-ecl sia are at increased risk of ADHD, although residual and unmeasured confounding by environmental and genetic factors warrants further study. If our findings are replicated by others, early screening for ADHD and other developmental delays may be recommended in offspring of women with pre-ecl sia.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-03-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2022
Publisher: Korean Society of Epidemiology
Date: 25-11-2017
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-2021
DOI: 10.1038/S41591-021-01498-0
Abstract: Anemia is a globally widespread condition in women and is associated with reduced economic productivity and increased mortality worldwide. Here we map annual 2000–2018 geospatial estimates of anemia prevalence in women of reproductive age (15–49 years) across 82 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), stratify anemia by severity and aggregate results to policy-relevant administrative and national levels. Additionally, we provide subnational disparity analyses to provide a comprehensive overview of anemia prevalence inequalities within these countries and predict progress toward the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target (WHO GNT) to reduce anemia by half by 2030. Our results demonstrate widespread moderate improvements in overall anemia prevalence but identify only three LMICs with a high probability of achieving the WHO GNT by 2030 at a national scale, and no LMIC is expected to achieve the target in all their subnational administrative units. Our maps show where large within-country disparities occur, as well as areas likely to fall short of the WHO GNT, offering precision public health tools so that adequate resource allocation and subsequent interventions can be targeted to the most vulnerable populations.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.JPSYCHIRES.2019.01.001
Abstract: The effect of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) on offspring anxiety disorders in adolescence is not yet known. This study aims to examine the association between HDP and offspring anxiety disorders at age 15 years. We used data from 5231 mother-offspring pairs from the United Kingdom based Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Anxiety disorder was diagnosed in the offspring at the age of 15 years using the Development and Well-Being Assessment (DAWBA). Among those who had anxiety disorders, 16.4% were exposed to HDP. After adjusting for a wide range of known confounders, we found that adolescents of women with HDP had a 2.43 fold (95% CI: 1.41-4.19) increase risk of anxiety disorders compared with adolescents of women without HDP. Our study showed that adolescents exposed to HDP had higher risk of anxiety disorders compared with unexposed adolescents and suggests that prevention and treatment of maternal HDP could possibly prevent offspring anxiety in adolescence. Early screening for anxiety disorders in offspring of women with HDP may also be warranted. Further research is needed to explain the pathways by which HDP may increase the risk of offspring psychopathology.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.PSYCHRES.2017.12.027
Abstract: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are a major cause of maternal and offspring morbidity and mortality worldwide. However, its effect on offspring mental and behavioural disorders is unclear. The aim of this study is to provide the best scientific evidence on the association between hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and offspring mental and behavioural problems. We systematically searched Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane, EMBASE, CINAH and PsycINFO databases. A total of 23 studies (11 included in meta-analysis) were identified. Of the 23 studies included in this review, 15 studies found that hypertensive disorders of pregnancy had a negative impact for at least one mental or behavioural disorder. The pooled effect of 11 studies included in the meta-analysis showed that preecl sia was associated with increased risk of offspring schizophrenia. However, we found inconclusive finding on the effect of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and other mental and behavioural disorders. Further high quality, large s le, birth cohort studies are needed to further progress this area of research.
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 2014
DOI: 10.1155/2014/694565
Abstract: Background . While effective treatments are available for people with schizophrenia, presence of perceived stigma prevents them from accessing and receiving the help they need to get. Objectives . To assess the prevalence and associated factors of perceived stigma among people with schizophrenia attending the Outpatient Department of Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods . Institution based cross-sectional study design was conducted among 411 subjects using an Amharic version of the perceived devaluation and discrimination scale. Single population proportion formula was used to calculate s le size. Subjects were selected by systematic s ling techniques. Binary logistic regression and odds ratio with 95% confidence interval were used to identify the association factors of outcome variables. Results . A total of 411 subjects participated in the study giving a response rate of 97.4%. The prevalence of perceived stigma was found to be 83.5%. Education status (not able to read and write) ( AOR = 2.64 , 95% CI: 1.118, 6.227), difficulties of adherence to antipsychotic drug ( AOR = 4.49 , 95% CI: 2.309, 8.732), and duration of illness less than one year ( AOR = 3.48 , 95% CI: 2.238, 5.422) were factors associated with perceived stigma. Conclusion . Overall, the prevalence of perceived stigma was found to be high. Education status (not able to read and write), difficulties of adherence to antipsychotic medication, and duration of illness were factors associated with perceived stigma. Adherence to antipsychotic medication particularly during the early stage of the illness and strengthening the educational status of the participants were suggested in the clinical care setting.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 06-07-2022
DOI: 10.1177/00048674211025633
Abstract: There is limited evidence on the impact of parental mental health problems on offspring’s educational outcomes. We investigated the impact of maternal anxiety and depressive symptoms, as well as paternal emotional problems on the educational outcomes of their adolescent and young adult offspring. We used data from a longitudinal birth cohort recruited between 1989 and 1991 in Australia (the Raine Study). The Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale was used to assess maternal depressive and anxiety symptoms, and a self-reported question was used to measure paternal mental health problems. Both were assessed when the offspring was aged 10 years. Outcomes included offspring’s self-reported education attainment—not completing year 10 at age 17, not attending tertiary education at ages 17 and 22 and primary caregiver’s reports of offspring’s academic performance at age 17. A total of 1033, 1307 and 1364 parent–offspring pairs were included in the final analysis exploring the association between parental mental health problems and offspring’s academic performance at school, completing year 10 and attending tertiary education, respectively. After adjusting for potential confounders, the offspring of mothers with anxiety symptoms were 3.42 times more likely than the offspring of mothers without anxiety symptoms to have poor or below-average academic performance (odds ratio = 3.42 95% confidence interval = [1.31, 8.92]) and more than 2 times more likely to not attend tertiary education (odds ratio = 2.55 95% confidence interval = [1.10, 5.5.88]) and not to have completed year 10 (odds ratio = 2.13 95% confidence interval = [1.04, 4.33]). We found no significant associations between maternal depressive symptoms or paternal emotional problems and offspring educational attainment. Maternal anxiety symptoms, but not depression and paternal emotional problems, are associated with poor educational attainment and achievement in adolescent offspring. The findings highlight that efforts to improve the outcomes of offspring of mothers with anxiety could focus on educational attainment.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 22-11-2019
DOI: 10.1007/S00787-019-01443-0
Abstract: There is evidence that offspring of mothers who have hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are at increased risk of adverse health outcomes. This study aims to examine the association between maternal HDP and emotional- and behavioural problems in offspring at age 11 years as reported by teachers and parents. The current study is based on the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), a prospective, population-based study that has followed a cohort of offspring since their mothers were pregnant. Childhood emotional- and behavioural problems were measured using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), completed by parents (n = 7196) and the child's teacher (n = 7411). Maternal preecl sia, but not gestational hypertension, was associated with teacher-reported total behavioural difficulties (RR = 1.62 95% CI 1.03-2.52) and internalising problems in children [peer problems (RR = 1.48 95% CI 1.06-2.08) and emotional problems (RR = 1.68 95% CI 1.13-2.51)]. No associations between preecl sia and/or gestational hypertension and parent-reported emotional- and behaviour problems were observed. Our study showed that children exposed to preecl sia had higher risk of teacher-reported total behavioural difficulties and internalising problems compared with unexposed children. The findings suggest emotional- and behavioural difficulties may not be evident in all settings, hence the importance of collecting evidence from multiple informants.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 17-10-2019
DOI: 10.1186/S13104-019-4696-Z
Abstract: The objective of this study was to determine the level of social support and associated factors in selected prison institutions in Amhara region, Ethiopia. Prisoners that had good social support from their family, friends, and significant others were 64.7%, (95% CI 60.9%, 68.4%). The odds of social support was higher among those educated and rural prisoners. However, it was found to be lower among non-Orthodox Christian prisoners and prisoners who were discriminated. Social support is buffering tool for social difficulties and hardships faced by prisoners while they are in prison and very helpful to reduce mental health morbidities and their consequences, hence should be strengthened.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2019
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-05-2021
DOI: 10.1111/DMCN.14916
Abstract: This commentary is on the original article by Chen et al. on pages 1107–1113 of this issue.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 29-04-2019
Abstract: Evidence suggests that externalizing and internalizing symptoms are expressed early in life and are associated with problematic drinking in young adulthood. However, few studies have examined their role during childhood and adolescence in predicting alcohol problems later in life. To examine the role of childhood and adolescent externalizing and internalizing symptoms in predicting alcohol use disorders in young adulthood. We searched five electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO, Web of Sciences and Embase) for studies which diagnosed alcohol use disorders through either the International Classification of Diseases or American Psychiatric Association – Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders criteria and followed up children or adolescents into the transition to young adulthood. We performed a meta-analysis and obtained pooled odds ratio estimates with 95% confidence intervals using random-effects models. A total of 12 longitudinal studies met eligibility criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. All measured the outcome using Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders criteria. The majority were of good quality and were conducted in the United States. A total of 19,407 participants (50% female) were included in this meta-analysis. Of these, n = 2337 (12%) had diagnoses of alcohol use disorders/alcohol dependence. Participant ages ranged from birth to 36 years. Internalizing symptoms increased the risk of young adult alcohol use disorders by 21% (odds ratio = 1.21 95% confidence interval = [1.05, 1.39]), with no strong evidence of publication bias. Subgroup analysis suggested significantly lower heterogeneity than for externalizing studies. Externalizing symptoms increased the risk of alcohol use disorders by 62% (odds ratio = 1.62, 95% confidence interval = [1.39, 1.90]). We found some evidence of publication bias and significant heterogeneity in the studies. Our findings highlight the contribution of early behavioural problems to the development of alcohol use disorders in young adulthood and the need for timely scrutiny of and intervention on early behavioural problems.
Publisher: Maad Rayan Publishing Company
Date: 09-2018
Publisher: African Journals Online (AJOL)
Date: 29-11-2018
DOI: 10.4314/AHS.V18I4.42
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-08-2017
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-2019
DOI: 10.1186/S12978-019-0845-Z
Abstract: Domestic violence is common public health problem. Domestic violence related disclosure is an important first step in the process of prevention, control and treatments of domestic violence related adverse effect. Thus, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the pooled prevalence of domestic violence related disclosure and synthesize its associated factors. We followed the PRISMA Guidelines to report the results of the finding. Databases including PubMed, Cochrane Library and Web of Sciences were searched. The heterogeneity between studies was measured by the index of heterogeneity (I 2 statistics) test. Funnel plots and Egger’s test were used to determine publication bias. Moreover, sensitivity analysis was carried out. To calculate the pooled prevalence, a random effects model was utilized. Twenty one eligible studies were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of domestic violence related non-disclosure was found to be 36.2% (95% CI, 31.8 – 40.5%). Considering violence as normal or not serious, shame, embarrassment and fear of disclosure related consequences were the common barriers for non-disclosure. More than one third of women and girls were not disclosed their experience of domestic violence. The finding of this study suggests the need of evaluation and strengthening of the collaborative work among different sectors such as: policy-makers, service providers, administrative personnel and community leaders including the engagement of men partner. This study also suggests the needs of women empowerments against the traditional belief, attitude, and practice.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 19-01-2017
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 2017
DOI: 10.1155/2017/6506231
Abstract: Background . Domestic violence against women is a serious public health concern and human rights violation among pregnant mothers because of its negative effect on the life of both the mother and the fetus. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of domestic violence and associated factors among pregnant women. Methods. An institution based quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted among 418 women using a systematic random s ling technique. Binary logistic regression analysis and adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval were used to identify the associated factors. Results. Overall, the prevalence of domestic violence was found to be 25.4%. Of this, the prevalence of psychological, physical, and sexual violence was 24.5%, 8.1%, and 2.4%, respectively. Low educational status (AOR = 4.59, CI: 1.496, 14.070), rural residency (AOR = 5.53, CI: 2.311, 13.249), unplanned pregnancy (AOR = 4.34, CI: 2.345, 8.020), and late initiation of antenatal care (AOR = 5.41, CI: 1.493, 19.696) were factors associated with domestic violence at p value 0.05. Conclusion. Overall, more than quarter of the study participants had experienced domestic violence. Lower educational status, rural residency, unplanned pregnancy, and late initiation of antenatal care were factors associated with domestic violence. Thus, the authors suggest strengthening provision of women’s reproductive health information.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 17-02-2016
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 2021
DOI: 10.1177/17455065211063021
Abstract: In Ethiopia, the burden of HIV/AIDS is a public health issue that requires significant control of transmission. Once an infection has been established, determinants influence people living with HIV to disclose or not their HIV-positive status to sexual partners. This study assessed the proportion and associated factors of people living with HIV’s disclosure status to sexual partners. CRD42020149092 is the protocol’s registration number in the PROSPERO database. We searched PubMed, Scopus, African Journals Online, and Google Scholar databases. For the subjective and objective assessment of publication bias, we used a funnel plot and Egger’s regression test, respectively. The I 2 statistic was used to assess variation across studies. Meta-analysis of weighted inverse variance random-effects model was used to estimate the pooled proportion. We conducted subgroup and sensitivity analyses to investigate the cause of heterogeneity and the impact of outliers on the overall estimation, respectively. A trend analysis was also performed to show the presence of time variation. The percentage of people living with HIV who disclosed their HIV-positive status to sexual partners was 76.03% (95% confidence interval: 68.78, 83.27). Being on antiretroviral therapy (adjusted odds ratio = 6.19 95% confidence interval: 2.92, 9.49), cohabiting with partner (adjusted odds ratio = 4.48 95% confidence interval: 1.24, 7.72), receiving HIV counseling (adjusted odds ratio = 3.94 95% confidence interval: 2.08, 5.80), having discussion prior to HIV testing (adjusted odds ratio = 4.40 95% confidence interval: 2.11, 6.69), being aware of partner’s HIV status (adjusted odds ratio = 6.08 95% confidence interval: 3.05, 9.10), positive relationship with partner (adjusted odds ratio = 4.44 95% confidence interval:1.28, 7.61), and being member of HIV association (adjusted odds ratio = 3.70 95% confidence interval: 2.20, 5.20) had positive association with HIV status disclosure. In Ethiopia, more than one-fourth of adults living with HIV did not disclose their HIV-positive status to sexual partners. HIV-positive status disclosure was influenced by psychosocial factors. A multidimensional approach is required to increase seropositive disclosure in Ethiopia.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-03-2021
DOI: 10.1186/S13033-021-00449-Z
Abstract: In Ethiopia, in spite of the high burden of suicide related-adverse effect, substantial variability in the reported prevalence of in idual studies about suicidal ideation and attempted suicide there is no national level epidemiological evidence. Thus, the present study aimed to determine the pooled prevalence of suicide ideation and suicidal attempt in the general population. We followed the PRISMA Guidelines to report the results of the finding. Databases including: PubMed/Medline, SCOPUS, CINAHL (EBSCOhost), African Journal Online (AJOL) and African Indexed Medicus (AIM) were searched. Heterogeneity was assessed by Cochrane chi-square (χ 2 ) and quantified by I 2 statistics test. Sensitivity test and subgroup analysis performed. Publication bias was tested by funnel plots and Egger’s test. Effect size was calculated by random effects model. A total of 12 studies for suicidal ideation and 10 studies for attempted suicide were included in the study. The prevalence of suicidal ideation and attempted suicide were ranged from 1 to 55% and 0.6% to 14% respectively. The 12-month pooled prevalence of suicidal ideation and suicidal attempt were 9% (5–16%), I 2 = 99.64%, p 0.001 and 4% (1–8%), I 2 = 98.11%, p 0.001] respectively. The lifetime pooled prevalence of attempted suicide was found to be 4% (3–6%). We found evidence of significant heterogeneity for suicidal ideation [I 2 = 99.64%, p 0.001] and attempted suicide [I 2 = 98.11%, p 0.001]. The subgroup analysis could not identified source of heterogeneity. The sensitivity analysis showed that none of the point estimates was outside of the overall 95%CI for suicidal ideation and attempted suicide. No evidence of publication bias from the visual inspection of the funnel plot for suicidal ideation and [Egger’s test (P = 0.174)] and attempted suicide [Egger’s test (P = 0.318)]. High prevalence of suicidal ideation and attempted suicide were observed in the general population of Ethiopia. These suggest the need of strengthening the awareness of suicidal behaviours and evaluate the effectiveness of the national health strategy in addressing the issues of suicidal behaviours.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-06-2018
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 28-06-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.IENJ.2014.11.007
Abstract: Interpersonal violence has devastating consequences for the mental, physical and sexual health of the victim. It is a leading cause of injury in east Africa. Studies in Ethiopia report that the most common cause of injury was interpersonal conflict. Our objective was to study the incidence of interpersonal violence related injury and associated factors among patients visiting the emergency department of University of Gondar Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. A cross-sectional institutional based study design was employed from November 2013-June 2014. The source population was a cohort s le of all patients presenting for treatment of a traumatic injury. Data were collected using injury surveillance guidelines developed by the World Health Organization. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were performed to identify the presence and strength of association. Odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was computed to determine the level of significance. The overall incidence of interpersonal violence related injury was 28.5% of all emergency department trauma patients. Multivariate logistic regression shows that conflict in the family prior to the event [AOR = 9.9 (95% CI: 4.433-9.536)], poor behavioral control [AOR = 2.5 (95% CI: 1.192-5.460)], alcohol use [AOR = .406 (95% CI: 1.813-6.398)] and paternal education [AOR = 2.441(95% CI: 1.209-4.929)] were found to be independently associated with interpersonal violence related injury. The incidence of interpersonal violence related injury was high. Counseling and education on conflict resolution methods should be given for the community using mass media.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-09-2014
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.1155/2016/7034582
Abstract: Background. Undernutrition and major depressive disorder are frequently co-occurring. Patients with impaired mental health are strongly vulnerable to the risks of having involuntary weight loss or deficiency of essential nutrients. However, there is no study which assesses undernutrition among major depressive patients in Ethiopia. Method. A total of 422 clients were included in the study. Structured questionnaires and anthropometric measurements were used for collecting the data. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression model was fitted to identify factors associated with undernutrition. Odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was computed to determine the level of significance. Results. The prevalence of undernutrition was 31.4% [95% CI: 27.2–36.0]. Being in a rural residence [AOR = 1.84, 95% CI (1.18–2.85)], taking multiple medication [AOR = 1.77, 95% CI (1.03–3.05)], taking prescribed diet [AOR = 1.90, 95% CI (1.06–3.41)], and current use of alcohol [AOR = 2.96, 95% CI (1.34–6.55)] were factors significantly associated with undernutrition among depressive patients. Conclusion. The prevalence of undernutrition among adults with major depressive disorder was found to be higher than the general population. Appropriate nutritional education and nutritional assessment are recommended during the course of major depressive disorder.
Publisher: Research Square Platform LLC
Date: 11-11-2019
Abstract: Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic infectious disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis. Co-morbid depression among in idual with TB is common public health concern that adversely affect the psychological well being of the patient. Thus, the aims of this study were to determine the magnitude of depression and its associated factors among people with TB in Ethiopia. Methods: Databases including: PubMed/Medline, SCOPUS, and HINARI were searched. Weighted inverse variance random-effects model was used to calculate the pooled prevalence of depression. The heterogeneity between studies was measured by the index of heterogeneity (I2 statistics) test. Funnel plots and Egger’s test were used to determine publication bias. Sensitivity test and subgroup analysis were also performed to identify influential study and to account for heterogeneity. Results: In this study, a total of 6430in iduals with TB were included from 15 studies. The pooled prevalence of depression was 46% (95% CI 40% -53%). Tests of heterogeneity was significant (I2= 96.33% and p .001). However, funnel plots and Egger’s test showed no evidence of publication bias. Being female, low income, substance use, perceived stigma, extra-pulmonary TB and treatment phase were factors associated with depressive symptoms. Conclusion: In Ethiopia, around half of the TB patients had depressive symptoms. Thus, authors’ suggest the need of mental health screening for people with TB particularly for substance users and socioeconomic disadvantage TB patients. Authors’ also suggest the needs of improving awareness of TB.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 03-2018
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-07-2016
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 2014
DOI: 10.1155/2014/439818
Abstract: Background . Road traffic injuries are a major public health issue. The problem is increasing in Africa. Objective . To assess the incidence of road traffic injury and associated factors among patients visiting the emergency department of Tikur Anbessa Specialized Teaching Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods . Institutional based cross-sectional study design was conducted. A total of 356 systematically selected study subjects were included in the study. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were performed to identify associated factors with road traffic injury. Odds ratios with 95% confidence interval were computed to determine the level of significance. Results . The incidence of road traffic injury in the emergency department of Tikur Anbessa Specialized Teaching Hospital was 36.8%. Being a farmer (AOR = 3.3 95% CI = 1.06–10.13), conflict with family members (AOR = 7.7 95% CI = 3.49–8.84), financial problem (AOR = 9.91 95% CI = 4.79–6.48), psychological problem (AOR = 17.58 95% CI = 7.70–12.14), and alcohol use (AOR = 2.98 95% CI = 1.61–5.27) were independently associated with road traffic injury. Conclusion and Recommendation . In this study the incidence of road traffic injury was high. Alcohol is one of the most significant factors associated with Road Traffic Injury. Thus urgent education on the effect of alcohol is recommended.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2023
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2021
DOI: 10.1016/J.JPSYCHORES.2021.110600
Abstract: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infections in pregnant women. This is the first longitudinal study investigating the association between gestational UTIs and the risk of maternal antenatal and postnatal depressive and anxiety symptoms. Data were utilised from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Maternal depressive and anxiety symptoms during pregnancy and the postpartum period were assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and the Crown-Crisp Experiential Index (CCEI), respectively. We used logistic regression analyses to examine the associations using the recommended EPDS and CCEI cut-off scores. We also ran sensitivity analyses and repeated the analyses with the continuous scores. More than 10,000 mothers had completed exposure and outcome measures during pregnancy and the postpartum period. After adjustments were made for a wide range of confounders, our findings showed that mothers with UTI during pregnancy were 1.72 (95% CI 1.45-2.04) and 1.70 (95% CI: 1.44-1.99) times more likely to report antenatal depressive and anxiety symptoms compared with mothers without UTI, respectively. Mothers with UTI also had a 35% and a 28% higher risk of postnatal depressive symptoms at eight weeks and eight months, respectively, and the risk of postnatal anxiety was 55% higher in mothers who had UTI during pregnancy (aOR = 1.55 95% CI, 1.26-1.91). The present study found positive associations between UTI during pregnancy and antenatal and postnatal depressive and anxiety symptoms. Replication and further research determining the cause of these associations is warranted.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2021
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 20-03-2015
Publisher: AMPCo
Date: 08-1977
DOI: 10.5694/J.1326-5377.1977.TB117649.X
Abstract: A case of agranulocytosis due to dapsone administered for the treatment of acne vulgaris is described. Agranulocytosis has previously been reported after administration of dapsone for other dermatological disorders, leprosy, and prophylaxis against falciparum malaria. The frequency of agranulocytoses when dapsone was used for malaria prophylaxis in United States servicemen in Vietnam was sufficient to result in its withdrawal from use for this purpose. Caution should therefore be exercised in the administration of dapsone for conditions for which less toxic agents are available.
Publisher: Research Square Platform LLC
Date: 05-02-2020
Abstract: Background : The burden of HIV/AIDS again becomes a public health problem after substantial control of its transmission in Ethiopia. For effective HIV transmission control measures, sero-disclosure to sexual partner is indispensable. Once the infection is established, psychosocial factors would have a great influence on HIV disclosure status to sexual partners which is very important to control viral transmission. This review aimed to estimate the national proportion of HIV disclosure practice to sexual partner and identify associated psychosocial factors. Methods : We searched PubMed, Scopus, African Journals Online, and Google Scholar databases. The Newcastle Ottawa quality assessment scale was used to assess the quality of studies. To ensure the absence or presence of publication bias, we used a funnel plot and performed Egger’s regression test for the subjective and objective assessment, respectively. Variation across studies was assessed using the I 2 statistic. The pooled proportion was estimated by using weighted inverse variance random-effects model meta-analysis. We did subgroup and sensitivity analysis to explore the reason for heterogeneity and the impact of outlier finding on the overall estimation, respectively. Trend analysis was also performed to see the presence of time variation. Results : The proportion of HIV sero-disclosure practice to sexual partners was 76.03 % (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 68.78, 83.27). Being on ART (AOR=6.19 95% CI: 2.92, 9.49), cohabiting with partner (AOR=4.48 95% CI: 1.24, 7.72), getting counseling (AOR=3.94 95% CI: 2.08, 5.80), had discussion prior to HIV testing (AOR= 4.40 95% CI: 2.11, 6.69), awareness of partner’s HIV status (AOR= 6.08 95%CI: 3.05, 9.10),smooth relationship with partner (AOR=4.44 95% CI:1.28, 7.61), and being member of anti-HIV association (AOR=3.70 95% CI: 2.20, 5.20) facilitates HIV status disclosure. Conclusions : In Ethiopia, still more than one-fourth of HIV-infected adults did not disclose their HIV positivity status to sexual partners. Psychosocial factors were the contributing factors of HIV-positive status disclosure. Further work is still needed to increase HIV status disclosure so as to decrease the transmission rate of HIV in Ethiopia.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 31-03-2016
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 25-08-2015
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 30-11-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2017
Publisher: Research Square Platform LLC
Date: 06-01-2020
Abstract: Background: Rabies has a worldwide distribution in continental regions of Africa, Asia and the Latin America. Globally, the case fatality rate is 100% once a clinical sign is developed. Poor public awareness towards rabies is one of the major obstacles in any prevention and control scheme of the diseases. The study aimed to assess knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) about rabies and associated factors among household heads in Mekelle city, Northern Ethiopia, 2016. Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted from October to November 2016 with a total of 633 study participants. Data were collected using a pretested structured questionnaire and entered to EPI-Info 3.5.4 and coded, cleaned and analyzed using SPSS version 20 software. Bi variable and multivariable analysis was done to identify factors associated with knowledge, attitude and practice about rabies. Variables having p 0.05 was considered as statistically significant at 95%CI. Results: Of 633 study participants, 357 (56.4%) were females and 239 (37.8%) were 18-35 years old. Among the study participants, 56.1% (95%CI=52.2, 59.9), 56.2% (95%CI=52.4, 60.1) and 61.3% (95%CI=57.5, 65.1) had good level of knowledge, attitude and practice on the prevention and control of rabies respectively. Being female (AOR=1.50, 95%CI=1.05, 2.13), dog owner (AOR=1.68, 95%CI=1.17, 2.41) and participants who had training on rabies (AOR=2.22, 95%CI=1.53, 3.21) were found to have good knowledge. Married participants (AOR=2.19, 95%CI=1.16, 4.16), participants who owned dog (AOR=2.64, 95%CI=1.80, 3.86) and those encountered dog bite (AOR=2.24, 95%CI=1.23, 4.10) were found to have positive attitude towards rabies. Similarly, dog ownership (AOR=11.85, 95%CI=7.16, 19.6) was found to be associated with good practice. Conclusion: This study showed that more than half of the respondents had good knowledge, attitude and practice about the prevention and control of rabies. Key words: Attitude, Knowledge, Practice, House hold, Rabies
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2021
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 02-2021
DOI: 10.1136/BMJOPEN-2020-040061
Abstract: To assess the global prevalence estimates of depressive symptoms, dysthymia and major depressive disorders (MDDs) among homeless people. Systematic review and meta-analysis. Databases including PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science were systematically searched up to February 2020 to identify relevant studies that have reported data on the prevalence of depressive symptoms, dysthymia and MDDs among homeless people. Original epidemiological studies written in English that addressed the prevalence of depressive problems among homeless people. A random-effect meta-analysis was performed to pool the prevalence estimated from in idual studies. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were employed to compare the prevalence across the groups as well as to identify the source of heterogeneities. The Joanna Briggs Institute’s quality assessment checklist was used to measure the study quality. Cochran’s Q and the I 2 test were used to assess heterogeneity between the studies. Forty publications, including 17 215 participants, were included in the final analysis. This meta-analysis demonstrated considerably higher prevalence rates of depressive symptoms 46.72% (95% CI 37.77% to 55.90%), dysthymia 8.25% (95% CI 4.79% to 11.86%), as well as MDDs 26.24% (95% CI 21.02% to 32.22%) among homeless people. Our subgroup analysis showed that the prevalence of depressive symptoms was high among younger homeless people ( years of age), whereas the prevalence of MDD was high among older homeless people ( years of age) when compared with adults (25–50 years). This review showed that nearly half, one-fourth and one-tenth of homeless people are suffering from depressive symptoms, dysthymia and MDDs, respectively, which are notably higher than the reported prevalence rates in the general population. The findings suggest the need for appropriate mental health prevention and treatment strategies for this population group.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 19-10-2015
Publisher: African Journals Online (AJOL)
Date: 18-01-2015
DOI: 10.4314/AHS.V15I4.21
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-02-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2020
Publisher: Royal College of Psychiatrists
Date: 24-01-2018
DOI: 10.1192/BJP.2017.27
Abstract: Evidence about the effect of intrauterine exposure to pre-ecl sia on offspring autism-spectrum disorder (ASD) is not well established. To examine the association between pre-ecl sia and ASD. PubMed, Embase and PsycINFO databases were searched. Pooled relative risks (RR) with 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed. Heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran's Q - and the I 2− test. The presence of publication bias was evaluated by Egger's test and visual inspection of the symmetry in funnel plots. Ten studies meet the inclusion criteria. The risk of ASD was 32% higher in offspring who had intrauterine exposure to pre-ecl sia compared with those not exposed (RR = 1.32, 95% CI 1.20–1.45). Sensitivity analysis revealed consistent pooled estimates ranging from RR = 1.30 (95% CI 1.17–1.44) to RR = 1.37 (95% CI 1.26–1.48). We found no significant heterogeneity and evidence of publication bias. Pre-ecl sia increased the risk of ASD in offspring. The finding suggests a need for early screening for ASD in offspring of women with pre-ecl sia. None.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2021
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 05-2016
DOI: 10.2147/DMSO.S97623
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2021
DOI: 10.1016/J.ANNEPIDEM.2020.08.015
Abstract: This study examined the effect of hypertensive disorders during pregnancy on trajectories of emotional and behavioral problems in offspring. We used data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, a prospective birth cohort study in Avon, United Kingdom. A group-based trajectory modeling was used to identify the distinct trajectories of emotional and behavioral problems in children at four time points: at age 3.5, 6.75, 9, and 11 years. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were used to examine the association between hypertensive disorders during pregnancy and trajectories of emotional and behavioral problems. We identified four trajectories of offspring emotional and behavioral problems: normal (42.6%), borderline decreasing (40.6%), borderline stable (10.0%), and persistently elevated (6.8%). We found that children exposed to maternal pre-ecl sia were more likely to be in the persistently elevated symptom trajectory (OR = 2.72 95% CI: 1.10-6.74) than in the normal trajectory group. We found no associations between maternal gestational hypertension and trajectories of offspring emotional and behavioral problems. Maternal pre-ecl sia, but not gestational hypertension was associated with persistently elevated trajectory of offspring emotional and behavioral problems. Our findings highlight that the antenatal environment is important for children's behavioral and emotional development.
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 10-2019
DOI: 10.1136/BMJOPEN-2019-030784
Abstract: Occupational exposure to blood and body fluids is a major risk factor for the transmission of infections to health professionals in developing countries like Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to assess standard precaution practices (SPPs) and its associated factors among health professionals working at Addis Ababa government hospitals. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 772 health professionals working at eight government hospitals in Addis Ababa, 2015. The multistage s ling technique was used to select study participants. Health professionals who were directly participating in screening, diagnosis, treatment and follow-ups of patients were studied. SPPs by health professionals were determined by a self-rated response to a 30-item Likert scale. A respondent would be graded as ‘good’ compliant for the assessment if they scored at least the mean of the total score, or would be considered as poor compliant if they scored less. To take the hierarchical structure of the data into account during analysis, multilevel binary logistic regressions were used. The intraclass correlation coefficient was calculated to evaluate whether variations in score were primarily within or between hospitals. Out of the participants, 50.65% had good SPPs. At the in idual level, attitude, age and educational status were found to be important factors of SPPs. Controlling in idual-level factors, applying regular observations (adjusted OR (AOR) 1.82 95% CI 1.2 to 2.76), providing sufficient materials (AOR 1.53 95% CI 1.03 to 2.28) and weak measures on reported incidences (AOR 0.49 95% CI 0.30 to 0.8) were also hospital-level factors associated with SPPs. SPPs in the healthcare facilities were found to be so low that both patients and health professionals were at a significant risk for infections. The finding suggests the need for optimising in idual-level and hospital-level precautionary practices.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2022
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 02-2021
DOI: 10.1136/BMJOPEN-2020-044618
Abstract: The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive evidence on risk factors for transmission, disease severity and COVID-19 related deaths in Africa. A systematic review has been conducted to synthesise existing evidence on risk factors affecting COVID-19 outcomes across Africa. Data were systematically searched from MEDLINE, Scopus, MedRxiv and BioRxiv. Studies for review were included if they were published in English and reported at least one risk factor and/or one health outcome. We included all relevant literature published up until 11 August 2020. We performed a systematic narrative synthesis to describe the available studies for each outcome. Data were extracted using a standardised Joanna Briggs Institute data extraction form. Fifteen articles met the inclusion criteria of which four were exclusively on Africa and the remaining 11 papers had a global focus with some data from Africa. Higher rates of infection in Africa are associated with high population density, urbanisation, transport connectivity, high volume of tourism and international trade, and high level of economic and political openness. Limited or poor access to healthcare are also associated with higher COVID-19 infection rates. Older people and in iduals with chronic conditions such as HIV, tuberculosis and anaemia experience severe forms COVID-19 leading to hospitalisation and death. Similarly, high burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, high prevalence of tobacco consumption and low levels of expenditure on health and low levels of global health security score contribute to COVID-19 related deaths. Demographic, institutional, ecological, health system and politico-economic factors influenced the spectrum of COVID-19 infection, severity and death. We recommend multidisciplinary and integrated approaches to mitigate the identified factors and strengthen effective prevention strategies.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-2018
No related grants have been discovered for Berihun Assefa Dachew.