ORCID Profile
0000-0001-6263-1076
Current Organisation
York University
Does something not look right? The information on this page has been harvested from data sources that may not be up to date. We continue to work with information providers to improve coverage and quality. To report an issue, use the Feedback Form.
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 24-08-2020
DOI: 10.1136/INJURYPREV-2019-043531
Abstract: While there is a long history of measuring death and disability from injuries, modern research methods must account for the wide spectrum of disability that can occur in an injury, and must provide estimates with sufficient demographic, geographical and temporal detail to be useful for policy makers. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 study used methods to provide highly detailed estimates of global injury burden that meet these criteria. In this study, we report and discuss the methods used in GBD 2017 for injury morbidity and mortality burden estimation. In summary, these methods included estimating cause-specific mortality for every cause of injury, and then estimating incidence for every cause of injury. Non-fatal disability for each cause is then calculated based on the probabilities of suffering from different types of bodily injury experienced. GBD 2017 produced morbidity and mortality estimates for 38 causes of injury. Estimates were produced in terms of incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability, cause-specific mortality, years of life lost and disability-adjusted life-years for a 28-year period for 22 age groups, 195 countries and both sexes. GBD 2017 demonstrated a complex and sophisticated series of analytical steps using the largest known database of morbidity and mortality data on injuries. GBD 2017 results should be used to help inform injury prevention policy making and resource allocation. We also identify important avenues for improving injury burden estimation in the future.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 26-08-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2019
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-02-2018
DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2018.1434120
Abstract: People living with HIV (PLWHA) with adequate access to modern combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) are living longer and experiencing reduced AIDS-related morbidity and mortality. However, increases in non-AIDS related conditions, such as certain cancers, have accompanied these therapeutic advances over time. As such, our study objective was to determine the impact of HIV on all-cause and lung cancer-specific mortality amongst PLWHA with diagnoses of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and HIV-negative in iduals with NSCLC. This analysis was inclusive of PLWHA on and off cART over the age of 19 years and a 10% comparison s le from the BC population ≥19 years, over a 13-year period (2000-2013). Kaplan-Meier estimates, Cox PH models, and competing risk analysis for all-cause and cause-specific mortality (respectively) compared PLWHA to HIV-negative in iduals, controlling for age, gender, cancer stage, co-morbidities and nadir CD4 count, viral load, and injection drug use for a HIV-positive specific analysis. We identified 71 PLWHA and 2463 HIV-negative in iduals diagnosed with NSCLC between 2000 and 2013. PLWHA with NSCLC were diagnosed at a significantly younger age than HIV-negative in iduals (median age 57 vs 71 years, p < 0.01). We found no significant difference in lung cancer-specific mortality. However, in multivariate analysis, HIV was associated with greater all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]:1.44 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.08-1.90), with median survival of 4 months for PLWHA, and 10 months for HIV-negative. Higher nadir CD4 count was protective against mortality (aHR: 0.33, 95% CI: 0.17-0.64) amongst PLWHA in multivariate analysis. Our analysis suggests that PLWHA in the modern cART era experience similar lung cancer survival outcomes compared to the general BC population with NSCLC. However, we also observed significantly higher all-cause mortality among PLWHA with NSCLC, which may warrant further inquiry into the role of HIV in exacerbating mortality among PLWHA with comorbidities and cancer.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCHRES.2019.04.020
Abstract: Schizophrenia is a severe mental illness with important implications for morbidity and mortality. This population-based cohort study examined the impact of schizophrenia diagnoses on all-cause mortality among a s le of people living with HIV (PLHIV) and a 10% random s le of in iduals living without HIV (HIV-) in British Columbia (BC), through a data linkage between the BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS and Population Data BC's data holdings. Schizophrenia diagnoses were identified via International Classification of Diseases version 9 and version 10 codes. Age- and sex-adjusted all-cause mortality rates from January 1st, 1998 to December 31st, 2012 were calculated. Multivariable logistic models assessed (1) HIV status and mortality among in iduals diagnosed with schizophrenia, (2) schizophrenia diagnosis and mortality among PLHIV, and (3) correlates of mortality among PLHIV concurrently diagnosed with schizophrenia (HIV+/SZO+). From 1998 to 2012, 6.3% of those with HIV had a schizophrenia diagnosis, compared to 1.1% of those without HIV. While significant declines in mortality rates were observed throughout the study period, mortality rates were highest among HIV+/SZO+. After adjustment for substance use disorder and age at baseline, HIV+/SZO+ had a 2.64 times greater odds of mortality (95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.14-3.25) compared to HIV-/SZO+. For PLHIV, a schizophrenia diagnosis was not associated with mortality after controlling for potential confounders (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.90, 95%CI = 0.74-1.09). Among HIV+/SZO+, age, history of injection drug use, ever having an AIDS-defining illness, and never being on anti-psychotic medication or accessing psychiatric services were associated with mortality. Efforts should be made to identify and link to care in iduals disproportionately affected by schizophrenia and excess mortality, including those living with HIV.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-10-2019
DOI: 10.1038/S41586-019-1545-0
Abstract: Since 2000, many countries have achieved considerable success in improving child survival, but localized progress remains unclear. To inform efforts towards United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 3.2—to end preventable child deaths by 2030—we need consistently estimated data at the subnational level regarding child mortality rates and trends. Here we quantified, for the period 2000–2017, the subnational variation in mortality rates and number of deaths of neonates, infants and children under 5 years of age within 99 low- and middle-income countries using a geostatistical survival model. We estimated that 32% of children under 5 in these countries lived in districts that had attained rates of 25 or fewer child deaths per 1,000 live births by 2017, and that 58% of child deaths between 2000 and 2017 in these countries could have been averted in the absence of geographical inequality. This study enables the identification of high-mortality clusters, patterns of progress and geographical inequalities to inform appropriate investments and implementations that will help to improve the health of all populations.
Publisher: Set Publishers
Date: 05-10-2019
DOI: 10.29169/1927-5951.2019.09.06.1
Abstract: Background: anemia is one of the most widespread nutritional deficiency diseases. An intervention is needed to improve Hb among pregnant women in order to avoid maternal and perinatal complication and deaths. The use of mobile control application has improved the compliance of ferrum tablet consumption. This study aimed to assess the effect of health education and mobile application control on anemia among pregnant women.Methodology: The design of t he res earc h is quasy experimental. The study was conducted in Banten from September to December 2017. Multistage cluster s ling technique was used in this research. The s les were ided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group consists of health education using a module and the mobile application program. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Wilcoxon sign rank test and independent t-test were used with alpha .05.Results: There was a significant difference of pregnant women’s knowledge (z= -7.187, p= .005), pregnant women’s perception (z= -7.054, p= .005), and pregnant women attitude before and after intervention (z= -6.35, p= .005). There was a significant difference of family knowledge (z= -6.53, p= .005), family attitude (z= -4.56, p= .005), and family support before and after intervention (z= -7.08, p= .005). There was a difference of Hb mean between experiment and control group after the intervention (t= 7.12, p= .005).Conclusions: health education and mobile control application program has a positive effect on anemia among pregnant women. An advocacy is required at governmental level after developing a frame of reference for understanding anemia in pregnancy.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2020
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2011
DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2010.498871
Abstract: HIV drug resistance testing is recommended as routine part of clinical practice in HIV/AIDS treatment and care. Our objective is to assess the determinants of accessing HIV drug resistance testing and examine the factors associated with resistance testing prior to or after starting highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in a setting where access to HIV care is free and universal. The Longitudinal Investigation into Supportive and Ancillary health services (LISA) study is an open prospective cohort of HIV-positive persons on HAART in British Columbia (BC), Canada. Non-clinical data were collected through an interviewer-administered survey and clinical data were obtained through the BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS Drug Treatment Program. Independent associations between key explanatory variables and resistance testing were analyzed using logistic regression. We restricted our post-HAART analyses to those patients who met the criteria for resistance testing after HAART initiation. Of 359 LISA participants who started HAART after 2000 and at a time when resistance testing was available free of charge, almost half did not receive a baseline resistance test. Post-HAART initiation, 165 of 359 study subjects met the criteria for resistance testing based on current therapeutic guidelines due to virological failure. About 37.6% of them remain untested for resistance. Multivariable analyses show that baseline testing was less likely performed for persons of Aboriginal ethnicity and more likely performed for patients initiating HAART in 2004 or after. Additionally, persons initiating HAART in 2004 or after were less likely to have received a resistance test after virologic failure. Our results show that despite existing clinical guidelines, resistance testing is underused, even in an environment where the service is available free of charge. Further, resistance testing is particularly underutilized among vulnerable populations. Urgent efforts are needed to ensure the optimal use of resistance testing at baseline and at the time of virologic failure as recommended by current guidelines.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 2015
No related grants have been discovered for Oghenowede Eyawo.