Anna Anund

The relevance of U.S. Strategic Highway Safety Plans in a future context

Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)

Date: 07-10-2019

DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0223646

Do repeated rumble strip hits improve driver alertness?

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 21-10-2016

DOI: 10.1111/JSR.12359

Abstract: Driving while sleepy is associated with increased crash risk. Rumble strips are designed to alert a sleepy or inattentive driver when they deviate outside their driving lane. The current study sought to examine the effects of repeated rumble strip hits on levels of physiological and subjective sleepiness as well as simulated driving performance. In total, 36 regular shift workers drove a high-fidelity moving base simulator on a simulated road with rumble strips installed at the shoulder and centre line after a working a full night shift. The results show that, on average, the first rumble strip occurred after 20 min of driving, with subsequent hits occurring 10 min later, with the last three occurring approximately every 5 min thereafter. Specifically, it was found that the first rumble strip hit reduced physiological sleepiness however, subsequent hits did not increase alertness. Moreover, the results also demonstrate that increased subjective sleepiness levels, via the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale, were associated with a greater probability of hitting a rumble strip. The present results suggest that sleepiness is very resilient to even strongly arousing stimuli, with physiological and subjective sleepiness increasing over the duration of the drive, despite the interference caused by rumble strips.

A review of models relevant to road safety

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 2015

DOI: 10.1016/J.AAP.2014.06.003

Abstract: It is estimated that more than 1.2 million people die worldwide as a result of road traffic crashes and some 50 million are injured per annum. At present some Western countries' road safety strategies and countermeasures claim to have developed into 'Safe Systems' models to address the effects of road related crashes. Well-constructed models encourage effective strategies to improve road safety. This review aimed to identify and summarise concise descriptions, or 'models' of safety. The review covers information from a wide variety of fields and contexts including transport, occupational safety, food industry, education, construction and health. The information from 2620 candidate references were selected and summarised in 121 ex les of different types of model and contents. The language of safety models and systems was found to be inconsistent. Each model provided additional information regarding style, purpose, complexity and ersity. In total, seven types of models were identified. The categorisation of models was done on a high level with a variation of details in each group and without a complete, simple and rational description. The models identified in this review are likely to be adaptable to road safety and some of them have previously been used. None of systems theory, safety management systems, the risk management approach, or safety culture was commonly or thoroughly applied to road safety. It is concluded that these approaches have the potential to reduce road trauma.

Usability of the SAFEWAY2SCHOOL system in children with cognitive disabilities

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 11-09-2013

DOI: 10.1007/S12544-013-0117-X

Injury crashes and the relationship with disease causing excessive daytime sleepiness

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 26-03-2021

DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2021.1894639

Sleep-related eye symptoms and their potential for identifying driver sleepiness

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 26-05-2014

DOI: 10.1111/JSR.12163

Abstract: The majority of in iduals appear to have insight into their own sleepiness, but there is some evidence that this does not hold true for all, for ex le treated patients with obstructive sleep apnoea. Identification of sleep-related symptoms may help drivers determine their sleepiness, eye symptoms in particular show promise. Sixteen participants completed four motorway drives on two separate occasions. Drives were completed during daytime and night-time in both a driving simulator and on the real road. Ten eye symptoms were rated at the end of each drive, and compared with driving performance and subjective and objective sleep metrics recorded during driving. 'Eye strain', 'difficulty focusing', 'heavy eyelids' and 'difficulty keeping the eyes open' were identified as the four key sleep-related eye symptoms. Drives resulting in these eye symptoms were more likely to have high subjective sleepiness and more line crossings than drives where similar eye discomfort was not reported. Furthermore, drivers having unintentional line crossings were likely to have 'heavy eyelids' and 'difficulty keeping the eyes open'. Results suggest that drivers struggling to identify sleepiness could be assisted with the advice 'stop driving if you feel sleepy and/or have heavy eyelids or difficulty keeping your eyes open'.

Karolinska Institutet

Location: Sweden

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Linköpings Universitet Hälsouniversitetet

Location: Sweden

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Linköpings University

Location: Sweden

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Swedish National Road And Transport Research Institute

Location: Sweden

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Discovery Projects - Grant ID: DP230102623

Start Date: 06-2023

End Date: 06-2026

Amount: $515,000.00

Funder: Australian Research Council