ORCID Profile
0000-0002-5923-9468
Current Organisation
University of Oxford
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Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2020
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-2013
DOI: 10.1111/JPC.12427
Abstract: To describe indicators of health and well‐being for N ew Z ealand secondary school students explore changes between 2001, 2007 and 2012 and compare these findings to international estimates. Three national health and well‐being surveys of randomly selected N ew Z ealand secondary school students were conducted. Data are presented as prevalence and variation over time (adjusted odds ratio ( aOR )). Comparisons with international estimates were made with subsets of the data. Between 2001 and 2012, students reported reductions in cigarette use ( aOR 0.27, 95% confidence interval ( CI ) 0.23–0.32), alcohol use ( aOR 0.39, 95% CI 0.33–0.46), marijuana use ( aOR 0.37, 95% CI 0.31–0.43), sexual abuse ( aOR 0.52, 95% CI 0.46–0.58), fighting ( aOR 0.63, 95% CI 0.55–0.73), seatbelt use ( aOR 1.47, 95% CI 1.31–1.65) and risky driving behaviours ( aOR 0.39, 95% CI 0.33–0.45). Positive connections to school (perception that the school cares, aOR 1.22, 95% CI 1.10–1.35 liking school, aOR 1.55, 95% CI 1.33–1.82) and family (good family relationship, aOR 1.83, 95% CI 1.70–1.97) also improved. Indicators that did not improve and compared poorly with international estimates were protected sex (condom use at last sexual intercourse, aOR 0.77, 95% CI 0.68–0.87) and healthy life‐style (daily physical activity, aOR 0.88, 95% CI 0.78–0.99 overweight/obese, aOR 1.09, 95% CI 0.92–1.31). Exposure to family violence ( aOR 1.37, 95% CI 1.11–1.68) and depressive symptoms ( aOR 1.03, 95% CI 0.91–1.17) also did not improve. There have been important improvements in the health and well‐being of N ew Z ealand adolescents over a relatively short period. These findings demonstrate that population rates of adolescent risk behaviours are amenable to change. Current policy efforts should not lose momentum, while identified priority areas must be adequately resourced to ensure young people have opportunities to thrive now and in the future.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-06-2022
DOI: 10.1038/S41467-022-31150-5
Abstract: Robotics and autonomous systems are reshaping the world, changing healthcare, food production and bio ersity management. While they will play a fundamental role in delivering the UN Sustainable Development Goals, associated opportunities and threats are yet to be considered systematically. We report on a horizon scan evaluating robotics and autonomous systems impact on all Sustainable Development Goals, involving 102 experts from around the world. Robotics and autonomous systems are likely to transform how the Sustainable Development Goals are achieved, through replacing and supporting human activities, fostering innovation, enhancing remote access and improving monitoring. Emerging threats relate to reinforcing inequalities, exacerbating environmental change, erting resources from tried-and-tested solutions and reducing freedom and privacy through inadequate governance. Although predicting future impacts of robotics and autonomous systems on the Sustainable Development Goals is difficult, thoroughly examining technological developments early is essential to prevent unintended detrimental consequences. Additionally, robotics and autonomous systems should be considered explicitly when developing future iterations of the Sustainable Development Goals to avoid reversing progress or exacerbating inequalities.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2022
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 08-01-2020
DOI: 10.1136/INJURYPREV-2019-043352
Abstract: Vietnam has been one of the fastest-growing world economies in the past decade. The burden of injuries can be affected by economic growth given the increased exposure to causes of injury as well as decreased morbidity and mortality of those that experience injury. It is of interest to evaluate the trends in injury burden that occurred alongside Vietnam’s economic growth in the past decade. Results from Global Burden of Disease 2017 were obtained and reviewed. Estimates of incidence, cause-specific mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, disability-adjusted life years were analysed and reported for 30 causes of injury in Vietnam from 2007 to 2017. Between 2007 and 2017, the age-standardised incidence rate of all injuries increased by 14.6% (11.5%–18.2%), while the age-standardised mortality rate decreased by 11.6% (3.0%–20.2%). Interpersonal violence experienced the largest increase in age-standardised incidence (28.3% (17.6%–40.1%)), while exposure to forces of nature had the largest decrease in age-standardised mortality (47.1% (37.9%–54.6%)). The five leading causes of injury in both 2007 and 2017 were road injuries, falls, exposure to mechanical forces, interpersonal violence and other unintentional injuries, all of which increased in incidence from 2007 to 2017. Injury burden varied markedly by age and sex. The rapid expansions of economic growth in Vietnam as well as improvements in the Sociodemographic Index have occurred alongside dynamic patterns in injury burden. These results should be used to develop and implement prevention and treatment programme.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2022
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2022
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 20-04-2020
DOI: 10.1038/S41591-020-0807-6
Abstract: A double burden of malnutrition occurs when in iduals, household members or communities experience both undernutrition and overweight. Here, we show geospatial estimates of overweight and wasting prevalence among children under 5 years of age in 105 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) from 2000 to 2017 and aggregate these to policy-relevant administrative units. Wasting decreased overall across LMICs between 2000 and 2017, from 8.4% (62.3 (55.1–70.8) million) to 6.4% (58.3 (47.6–70.7) million), but is predicted to remain above the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target of % in over half of LMICs by 2025. Prevalence of overweight increased from 5.2% (30 (22.8–38.5) million) in 2000 to 6.0% (55.5 (44.8–67.9) million) children aged under 5 years in 2017. Areas most affected by double burden of malnutrition were located in Indonesia, Thailand, southeastern China, Botswana, Cameroon and central Nigeria. Our estimates provide a new perspective to researchers, policy makers and public health agencies in their efforts to address this global childhood syndemic.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2018
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 17-11-2020
DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0242537
Abstract: A second cluster of COVID-19 cases imported from Europe occured in Vietnam from early March 2020. We describe 44 SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR positive patients (cycle threshold value ) admitted to the National Hospital for Tropical Diseases in Hanoi between March 6 and April 15 2020. Whole SARS-CoV-2 genomes from these patients were sequenced using Illumina Miseq and analysed for common genetic variants and relationships to local and globally circulating strains. Results showed that 32 cases were Vietnamese with a median age of 37 years (range 15–74 years), and 23 were male. Most cases were acquired outside Vietnam, mainly from the UK (n = 15), other European countries (n = 14), Russia (n = 6) and countries in Asia (n = 3). No cases had travelled from China. Forty-one cases had symptoms at admission, typically dry cough (n = 36), fever (n = 20), sore throat (n = 14) and diarrhoea (n = 12). Hospitalisation was long with a median of 25 days, most commonly from 20–29 days. All SARS-CoV-2 genomes were similar (92–100% sequence homology) to the reference sequence Wuhan_1 (NC_045512), and 32 strains belonged to the B.1.1 lineage. The three most common variants were linked, and included C3037T, C14408T (nsp12: P323L) and A23403G (S: D614G) mutations. This group of mutations often accompanied variant C241T (39/44 genomes) or GGG 28881..28883 AAC (33/44 genomes). The prevalence of the former reflected probable European origin of viruses, and the transition D614G was dominant in Vietnam. New variants were identified however, none could be associated with disease severity.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.VACCINE.2016.01.048
Abstract: Most women decide about infant immunisation during pregnancy. However, we have limited knowledge of the immunisation intentions of their partners. We aimed to describe what pregnant women and their partners intended for their future child's immunisations, and to identify associations between parental intentions and the subsequent timeliness of infant immunisation. We recruited a cohort of pregnant New Zealand (NZ) women expecting to deliver between April 2009 and March 2010. The cohort included 11% of births in NZ during the recruitment period and was generalisable to the national birth cohort. We completed antenatal interviews independently with mothers and partners. We determined immunisation receipt from the National Immunisation Register and defined timely immunisation as receiving all vaccines (scheduled at 6-weeks, 3- and 5-months) within 30 days of their due date. We described independent associations of immunisation intentions with timeliness using adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Of 6172 women, 5014 (81%) intended full immunisation, 245 (4%) partial immunisation, 140 (2%) no immunisation and 773 (13%) were undecided. Of 4152 partners, 2942 (71%) intended full immunisation, 208 (5%) partial immunisation, 83 (2%) no immunisation and 921 (22%) were undecided. Agreement between mothers and partners was moderate (Kappa=0.42). Timely immunisation occurred in 70% of infants. Independent of their partner's intentions, infants of pregnant women who decided upon full immunisation were more likely to be immunised on time (OR=7.65, 95% CI: 4.87-12.18). Independent of the future mother's intentions, infants of partners who had decided upon full immunisations were more likely to be immunised on time (OR=3.33, 95% CI: 2.29-4.84). During pregnancy, most future parents intend to fully immunise their child however, more partners than mothers remain undecided about immunisation. Both future mothers' and future fathers' intentions are independently associated with the timeliness of their infant's immunisations.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 19-05-2022
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-06-2021
DOI: 10.1038/S41562-021-01108-6
Abstract: Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF)—giving infants only breast-milk for the first 6 months of life—is a component of optimal breastfeeding practices effective in preventing child morbidity and mortality. EBF practices are known to vary by population and comparable subnational estimates of prevalence and progress across low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are required for planning policy and interventions. Here we present a geospatial analysis of EBF prevalence estimates from 2000 to 2018 across 94 LMICs mapped to policy-relevant administrative units (for ex le, districts), quantify subnational inequalities and their changes over time, and estimate probabilities of meeting the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target (WHO GNT) of ≥70% EBF prevalence by 2030. While six LMICs are projected to meet the WHO GNT of ≥70% EBF prevalence at a national scale, only three are predicted to meet the target in all their district-level units by 2030.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-07-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2020
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-12-2022
DOI: 10.1038/S41467-022-34240-6
Abstract: Despite substantial declines since 2000, lower respiratory infections (LRIs), diarrhoeal diseases, and malaria remain among the leading causes of nonfatal and fatal disease burden for children under 5 years of age (under 5), primarily in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The spatial burden of each of these diseases has been estimated subnationally across SSA, yet no prior analyses have examined the pattern of their combined burden. Here we synthesise subnational estimates of the burden of LRIs, diarrhoea, and malaria in children under-5 from 2000 to 2017 for 43 sub-Saharan countries. Some units faced a relatively equal burden from each of the three diseases, while others had one or two dominant sources of unit-level burden, with no consistent pattern geographically across the entire subcontinent. Using a subnational counterfactual analysis, we show that nearly 300 million DALYs could have been averted since 2000 by raising all units to their national average. Our findings are directly relevant for decision-makers in determining which and targeting where the most appropriate interventions are for increasing child survival.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2022
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-07-2020
DOI: 10.1038/S41591-020-0972-7
Abstract: An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
No related grants have been discovered for Sonia Lewycka.