ORCID Profile
0000-0003-3193-8053
Current Organisations
Neuroscience Research Australia
,
UNSW Sydney
,
University of New South Wales Ageing Futures Institute
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Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 2014
DOI: 10.1155/2014/720432
Abstract: Ensuring provision of good quality tuberculosis (TB) care, especially in private for profit health facilities, is an important component of TB control strategy to reduce poor medical practice which results in multidrug resistant TB (MDR-TB). The aim of this study was to investigate quality of TB care in private health facilities of Addis Ababa. A facility based cross-sectional study was conducted based on Donabedian’s structure-process-outcome model of health care quality. Quality of care was determined by adherence to National TB Program guidelines, treatment success rate, and client satisfaction. Exit interview was conducted on 292 patients on the intensive phase of treatment and 384 patient records were reviewed in eight private health facilities. Initial diagnostic AFB test was done for 95.4% of pulmonary TB patients. Most important components of TB care recommended by national guidelines were delivered for a significant proportion of patients. Majority (75%) of the clients were found to be satisfied with each component of TB care. The treatment success rate was 90.9%. The quality of TB care was fairly good. However, only 77.7% of the patients were counseled for HIV testing. Strengthening HIV counseling and testing, tackling shortage of streptomycin and laboratory reagent at private TB clinic is crucial.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-06-2022
DOI: 10.1186/S12886-022-02506-8
Abstract: Over recent decades an increasing number of adults will retain their driver’s licenses well into their later years. The aim of this study was to understand and explore the experience of driving and driving cessation in very old Australian women with self-reported eye disease. An interpretative qualitative study. Participants were from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health (cohort born in 1921–26), a s le broadly representative of similarly aged Australian women. Responses to open-ended questions were analysed using an inductive thematic approach, employing a process of constant comparison. Qualitative data were from 216 older women with eye disease who made 2199 comments about driving, aged between 70 and 90 years depending on the timing of their comments. Themes included: (1) Access to treatment for eye disease promotes driving independence and quality of life (2) Driving with restrictions for eye disease enables community engagement and (3) Driving cessation due to poor vision leads to significant lifestyle changes. Key findings highlighted driving cessation, or reduction, is often attributed to deterioration in vision. The consequence is dependence on others for transport, typically children and friends. Access to successful treatment for eye disease allowed older women to continue driving. We posit that occupational therapists can play an essential role in promote driving confidence and ability as women age. Trial registration: Not applicable.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-01-2018
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-08-2017
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-08-2018
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-08-2018
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 20-02-2013
DOI: 10.1155/2013/491601
Abstract: Studies revealed that there are various determinants of mortality among HIV positives after ART initiation. These determinants are so variable with context and dynamic across time with the advancement of cares and treatments. In this study we tried to identify determinants of mortality among HIV positives after initiating ART. A retrospective cohort study was conducted among 416 ART attendees enrolled between July 2005 to January 2012 in Nekemte Referral Hospital, Western Ethiopia. Actuarial table was used to estimate survival of patients after ART initiation and log rank test was used to compare the survival curves. Cox proportional-hazard regression was applied to determine the independent determinants of time to death. The estimated mortality was 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, and 7% at 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48 months respectively with mortality incidence density of 1.89 deaths per 100 person years (95% CI 1.74, 3.62). Forty years and above AHR = 3.055 (95% CI 1.292, 7.223), low baseline hemoglobin level (AHR = 0.523 (95% CI .335, 0.816)), and poor ART adherence (AHR 27.848 (95% CI 8.928, 86.8)) were found to be an independent determinants of mortality. These determinants of mortality have to be taken into account to enhance better clinical outcomes of ART attendees.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 19-02-2022
DOI: 10.1007/S40520-022-02091-2
Abstract: Although Cataract Surgery Rate is increasing, the availability of surgery is outstripped by the increasing number of cataract cases as populations age. The study aimed to identify factors associated with cataract surgery uptake in terms of predisposing, enabling, and need factors in very old Australian women. This study used ALSWH data included 6229 women aged 79–84 to 85–90 years. Women were asked whether they had undergone eye surgery (including cataracts) three years prior to each survey. Generalised estimating equation modelling was used to determine factors associated with these surgeries. At baseline (2005), more than half of the participants either had undergone surgery (43.5%) or had unoperated cataracts (7.6%). Increasing age (AOR = 1.11, 95% CI = 1.07, 1.15) and being current or ex-smokers (AOR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.03, 1.29) were associated with higher odds of cataract surgery (predisposing factors). Women who had private health insurance had 27% higher odds of having surgery (AOR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.16, 1.39) (enabling factor). Need factors of more General Practitioner visits (AOR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.09, 1.25) and skin cancer (AOR = 1.09, 95% CI = 1.01, 1.17) also increased the odds of cataract surgery. Women who had no difficulty seeing newspaper print were more likely to have had cataract surgery (AOR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.23, 1.48). Need factors are the major drivers of cataract surgery however, predisposing and enabling factors also play a role, including access to private health insurance. This finding indicates some inequity regarding access to cataract surgery in the Australian setting.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-02-2018
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 17-08-2023
DOI: 10.1007/S11845-022-03130-7
Abstract: Age-related cataracts are a significant global health issue due to population ageing. More than 70% of older Australians aged 80 or above have clinically significant age-related cataracts. The study aimed to identify factors associated with age-related cataracts among older Australian women 79–90 years. A 6-year longitudinal analysis of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health (ALSWH) was conducted on 7117 women from surveys four to six. The women were asked whether they had been diagnosed or treated for cataracts 3 years before each survey. We used generalised estimating equation (GEE) modelling to identify factors independently associated with age-related cataracts. At baseline (79–84 years), 44.8% lived in metropolitan Australia, 67.9% had good general health, 26.5% had private health insurance, 30.6% had cataracts, 28.8% had undergone cataract surgery, 12.0% had diabetes, 24.9% had skin cancer, 56.2% had hypertension, 24.0% had a history of falls, 63.0% had visited general practitioner (GP) frequently, and 48.8% were driving themselves as their main means of transport. In the final model, poor general health [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.14, 1.33)], not driving (AOR = 1.09, 95% CI = 1.01, 1.18), having private health insurance (AOR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.04, 1.23), frequent GP visits (AOR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.07, 1.25), skin cancer (AOR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.16, 1.37), hypertension (AOR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.05, 1.21), and fall (AOR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.04, 1.22) were significantly associated with the age-related cataracts. Systemic diseases, poor quality of life , driving cessation, and health service use were significantly associated with age-related cataracts in older women.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 26-06-2021
DOI: 10.1080/08952841.2021.1937012
Abstract: This study examined predictors of driving among oldest-old Australian women in their late 80s in accordance with the World Health Organization's healthy aging framework. The study used data from the 1921-26 cohort of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health, wave-6 (n = 4025). The result of the multivariable logistic regression showed providing care, living alone, volunteering, living in rural/outer regional Australia, having higher educational attainment, and social interactions were associated with driving. The findings indicate driving should not be dismissed based on age alone. Policymakers need to also consider social roles, driving environment and context with the goals of healthy aging.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2022
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 31-01-2020
DOI: 10.1155/2020/5027918
Abstract: Background . The prevalence of mental health problems including depression is increasing in severity and number among higher institution students, and it has a lot of negative consequences like poor academic performance and committing suicide. Identifying the prevalence and associated factors of mental illness among higher institution students is important in order to administer appropriate preventions and interventions. In Ethiopia, only a few studies tried to report associated factors of depression among university students. Objective . The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with depressive symptoms among Haramaya University students, Ethiopia. Methods . Institution-based, cross-sectional study design was conducted among 1040 students. A standard, self-administered questionnaire was used to get data from a s le of randomly selected 1040 undergraduate university students using a multistage systematic random s ling technique. The questionnaire used was the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) scale which is a self-report 21-item scale that is used to assess the presence of depressive symptoms. All 21 items are rated on a three-point scale (0 to 3). Each question is scored on a 0 to 3 scale, and total scores range from 0 to 63, with higher scores reflecting greater levels of depressive symptoms. The questionnaire has been well validated as a measure of depressive symptomatology with scores 1-13 indicating minimal depressive symptoms, 14-19 showing mild depressive symptoms, 20-28 showing moderate depressive symptoms, and 29-63 indicating severe depressive symptoms. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify variables independently associated with depressive symptoms after we dichotomized the depressive symptoms screening tool to “yes/no” depressive symptoms. This means students who did not report any depressive symptoms were given “no” depressive symptoms and who reported at least one (≥1) depressive symptoms were given “yes” (depressive symptoms). Results . A total of 1022 (98.3%) out of 1040 students participated in this study. The mean age of participants was 20.9 years ( SD ± 2.17 ), and the majority of them (76.0%) were male students. Prevalence of depressive symptoms among undergraduate students was 26.8% (95% CI: 24.84, 28.76). Among those who had reported depressive symptoms: 10%, 12%, 4%, and 1% of students reported minimal, mild, moderate, and severe depressive symptoms, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis in the final model revealed that being a first-year student (AOR 6.99, 95% CI: 2.31, 21.15, p value 0.001), being a second-year student (AOR 6.25, 95% CI: 2.05, 19.07, p value 0.001), and being a third-year student (AOR 3.85, 95% CI: 1.26, 11.78, p value 0.018) and being orced/widowed (AOR 5.91, 95% CI: 1.31, 26.72, p value 0.021), current drinking alcohol (AOR 2.53, 95% CI: 1.72,3.72, p value 0.001), current smoking cigarettes (AOR 1.71, 95% CI: 1.02, 2.86, p value 0.042), and current use of illicit substances (AOR 2.20, 95% CI: 1.26, 3.85, p value 0.006) were independently associated with depressive symptoms. Having no religion and currently chewing Khat were statistically significantly associated with depressive symptoms in the binary logistic regression analysis but not in the final model. Conclusions . The prevalence of depressive symptoms among university students in this study is high relative to the general population. Sociodemographic factors year of study and current substance use were identified as associated factors of depressive symptoms. Recommendations . This finding suggests the need for the provision of mental health services at the university, including screening, counseling, and effective treatment. Families need to closely follow their students’ health status by having good communication with the universities, and they have to play their great role in preventing depression and providing appropriate treatment as needed. The governments and policy-makers should stand with universities by supporting and establishing matured policies which helps universities to have mental health service centers. Generally, the university and other stakeholders should consider these identified associated factors for prevention and control of mental health problems of university students.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2023
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 2014
DOI: 10.1155/2014/295732
Abstract: Unsafe abortion is one of the major medical and public health problems in developing countries including Ethiopia. However, there is a lack of up-to-date and reliable information on induced abortion distribution and its determinant factors in the country. This study was intended to assess induced abortion and associated factors in health facilities of Guraghe zone, Southern Ethiopia. Institution based cross-sectional study was conducted in eight health facilities in Guraghe zone. Client exit interview was conducted on 400 patients using a structured questionnaire. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with induced abortion. Out of 400 women, 75.5% responded that the current pregnancy that ended in abortion is unwanted. However, only 12.3% of the respondents have admitted interference to the current pregnancy. Having more than four pregnancies (AOR = 4.28, CI: (1.24–14.71)), age of 30–34 years (AOR = 0.15, CI: (0.04–0.55)), primary education (AOR = 0.26, CI: (0.13–0.88)), and wanted pregnancy (AOR = 0.44, CI: (0.14–0.65)) were found to have association with induced abortion. The study revealed high level of induced abortion which is underpinned by high magnitude of unwanted pregnancy. There is requirement for widespread expansion of increased access to high quality family planning service and post-abortion care.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2022
DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.4304738
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 2014
DOI: 10.1155/2014/969837
Abstract: Studies indicate that substance use among Ethiopian adolescents is considerably rising in particular college and university students are the most at risk of substance use. The aim of the study was to assess substance use and associated factors among university students. A cross-sectional survey was carried out among 1040 Haramaya University students using self-administered structured questionnaire. Multistage s ling technique was used to select students. Descriptive statistics, bivariate, and multivariate analysis were done. About two-thirds (62.4%) of the participants used at least one substance. The most commonly used substance was alcohol (50.2%). Being male had strong association with substance use (AOR (95% CI), 3.11 (2.20, 4.40)). The odds of substance use behaviour is higher among third year students (AOR (95% CI), 1.48 (1.01, 2.16)). Being a follower of Muslim (AOR (95% CI), 0.62 (0.44, 0.87)) and Protestant (AOR (95% CI), 0.25 (0.17, 0.36)) religions was shown to be protective of substance use. Married (AOR (95% CI), 1.92 (1.12, 3.30)) and depressed (AOR (95% CI), 3.30 (2.31, 4.72)) students were more likely to use substances than others. The magnitude of substance use was high. This demands special attention, emergency preventive measures, and targeted information, education and communication activity.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-08-2017
Location: Ethiopia
Location: Australia
Location: Australia
Location: Australia
No related grants have been discovered for Mitiku Hambisa.