ORCID Profile
0000-0003-4877-7233
Current Organisations
University of Ottawa
,
King's College London
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Publisher: Wiley
Date: 25-12-2019
DOI: 10.1002/BRB3.1491
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.JAD.2015.10.019
Abstract: Exercise has established efficacy in improving depressive symptoms. Dropouts from randomized controlled trials (RCT's) pose a threat to the validity of this evidence base, with dropout rates varying across studies. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the prevalence and predictors of dropout rates among adults with depression participating in exercise RCT's. Three authors identified RCT's from a recent Cochrane review and conducted updated searches of major electronic databases from 01/2013 to 08/2015. We included RCT's of exercise interventions in people with depression (including major depressive disorder (MDD) and depressive symptoms) that reported dropout rates. A random effects meta-analysis and meta regression were conducted. Overall, 40 RCT's were included reporting dropout rates across 52 exercise interventions including 1720 people with depression (49.1 years (range=19-76 years), 72% female (range=0-100)). The trim and fill adjusted prevalence of dropout across all studies was 18.1% (95%CI=15.0-21.8%) and 17.2% (95%CI=13.5-21.7, N=31) in MDD only. In MDD participants, higher baseline depressive symptoms (β=0.0409, 95%CI=0.0809-0.0009, P=0.04) predicted greater dropout, whilst supervised interventions delivered by physiotherapists (β=-1.2029, 95%CI=-2.0967 to -0.3091, p=0.008) and exercise physiologists (β=-1.3396, 95%CI=-2.4478 to -0.2313, p=0.01) predicted lower dropout. A comparative meta-analysis (N=29) established dropout was lower in exercise than control conditions (OR=0.642, 95%CI=0.43-0.95, p=0.02). Exercise is well tolerated by people with depression and drop out in RCT's is lower than control conditions. Thus, exercise is a feasible treatment, in particular when delivered by healthcare professionals with specific training in exercise prescription.
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 04-2021
DOI: 10.1037/PAS0000987
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-09-2023
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2022
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.NEUBIOREV.2016.11.017
Abstract: Whilst obesity is associated with a higher risk of cognitive impairment, the influence of weight loss on cognitive function in obese/overweight people is equivocal. We conducted a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and longitudinal studies evaluating the influence of voluntary weight loss on cognitive function in obese/overweight in iduals. Articles were acquired from a systematic search of major databases from inception till 01/2016. A random effect meta-analysis of weight loss interventions (diet, physical activity, bariatric surgery) on different cognitive domains (memory, attention, executive functions, language and motor speed) was conducted. Twenty studies (13 longitudinal studies=551 participants 7 RCTs=328 treated vs. 140 controls) were included. Weight loss was associated with a significant improvement in attention and memory in both longitudinal studies and RCTs, whereas executive function and language improved in longitudinal and RCT studies, respectively. In conclusion, intentional weight loss in obese/overweight people is associated with improvements in performance across various cognitive domains. Future adequately powered RCTs are required to confirm/refute these findings.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 07-11-2019
DOI: 10.1097/PSY.0000000000000753
Abstract: Emerging evidence suggests that handgrip strength (a proxy for muscular fitness) is associated with better cognitive performance in people with major depressive disorder (MDD). The underlying processes are unclear, although hippoc al volume (HCV) reductions and white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) have been implicated. Therefore, we investigated the associations between handgrip strength and various brain region volumes and WMHs in MDD and healthy controls (HCs). This study is a cross-sectional analysis of handgrip strength and neuroimaging data from the UK Biobank. Generalized linear models were used to assess the relationship between grip strength and gray matter, white matter, total brain volume, left and right hippoc us volume, and WMHs in MDD and HCs, adjusting for age, sex, education, and body weight. The s le included 527 people with MDD (54.3 ± 7.3 years, 37.2% male) and 1764 HCs (56.6 ± 7.2 years, 53% male). In MDD, stronger handgrip was significantly associated with increased left (coefficient ± SE = 108.1 ± 27.6, t = 3.92) and right (76.8 ± 30.4, t = 2.53) HCV. In HCs, only right HCV related to handgrip strength (44.8 ± 18.1, t = 2.47). Interaction analyses found stronger associations between grip strength and HCV in MDD compared with HCs, for both hippoc al regions. Stronger handgrip was associated with reduced WMHs in people with MDD (−0.24 ± 0.07, t = −3.24) and HCs (−0.11 ± 0.04, t = −2.47). Maximal handgrip strength was not associated with gray matter, white matter, or total brain volumes in either group. Stronger grip strength is associated with greater left and right HCV and reduced WMHs in MDD. Future research should investigate directionality and consider if interventions targeting strength/muscular fitness can improve brain health and reduce the neurocognitive abnormalities associated with MDD.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 14-05-2021
Abstract: The worldwide prevalence of insufficient physical activity (PA) and prolonged sedentary behavior (SB) were high before the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. Measures that were taken by governments (such as home confinement) to control the spread of COVID-19 may have affected levels of PA and SB. This cross-sectional study among South American adults during the first months of COVID-19 aims to (i) compare sitting time (ST), screen exposure, moderate PA (MPA), vigorous PA (VPA), and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) before and during lockdown to sociodemographic correlates and (ii) to assess the impact of lockdown on combinations of groups reporting meeting/not-meeting PA recommendations and engaging/not-engaging excessive ST (≥7 h/day). Bivariate associations, effect sizes, and multivariable linear regressions were used. Adults from Argentina (n = 575) and Chile (n = 730) completed an online survey with questions regarding demographics, lifestyle factors, and chronic diseases. Mean reductions of 42.7 and 22.0 min./day were shown in MPA and VPA, respectively while increases of 212.4 and 164.3 min./day were observed in screen and ST, respectively. Those who met PA recommendations and spent h/day of ST experienced greatest changes, reporting greater than 3 h/day higher ST and more than 1.5 h/day lower MVPA. Findings from the present study suggest that efforts to promote PA to South American adults during and after COVID-19 restrictions are needed.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 16-06-2017
DOI: 10.1093/AJE/KWX159
Abstract: In this study, we assessed the association of chronic medical conditions and multimorbidity with perceived stress among community-dwelling adults in 44 low- and middle-income countries. Data from the World Health Survey (2002-2004), including 229,293 adults, were analyzed. A perceived stress score (range, 0 (lowest stress)-100 (highest stress)) was computed on the basis of 2 questions from the Perceived Stress Scale. Eleven chronic conditions were assessed. Multivariable linear regression analyses were conducted to explore the associations. All chronic conditions were associated with significantly higher mean perceived stress scores, with the exception of edentulism. The associations were particularly strong for depression (β = 14.71, 95% confidence interval (CI): 13.68, 15.74), visual impairment (β = 10.66, 95% CI: 8.09, 13.23), and schizophrenia (β = 9.98, 95% CI: 7.71, 12.24). Compared with no chronic conditions, the β coefficients for perceived stress with the presence of 1, 2, 3, and ≥4 chronic conditions were 5.58 (95% CI: 4.94, 6.23), 9.58 (95% CI: 8.67, 10.49), 14.15 (95% CI: 12.63, 15.67), and 20.17 (95% CI: 18.29, 22.05), respectively. The associations with perceived stress were significantly stronger among the poorest in iduals for arthritis, asthma, diabetes, edentulism, and ≥4 chronic conditions. Our data suggest that a range of chronic conditions and multimorbidity are associated with greatly increased perceived stress among people in low- and middle-income countries, and that the poorest persons may be a particularly vulnerable group.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2022
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-08-2023
Publisher: EDITORA SCIENTIFIC
Date: 18-07-2016
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-11-2020
DOI: 10.1186/S12916-020-01813-5
Abstract: There is now evolving data exploring the relationship between depression and various in idual lifestyle factors such as diet, physical activity, sleep, alcohol intake, and tobacco smoking. While this data is compelling, there is a paucity of longitudinal research examining how multiple lifestyle factors relate to depressed mood, and how these relations may differ in in iduals with major depressive disorder (MDD) and those without a depressive disorder, as ‘healthy controls’ (HC). To this end, we assessed the relationships between 6 key lifestyle factors (measured via self-report) and depressed mood (measured via a relevant item from the Patient Health Questionnaire) in in iduals with a history of or current MDD and healthy controls (HCs). Cross-sectional analyses were performed in the UK Biobank baseline s le, and longitudinal analyses were conducted in those who completed the Mental Health Follow-up. Cross-sectional analysis of 84,860 participants showed that in both MDD and HCs, physical activity, healthy diet, and optimal sleep duration were associated with less frequency of depressed mood (all p 0.001 ORs 0.62 to 0.94), whereas screen time and also tobacco smoking were associated with higher frequency of depressed mood (both p 0.0001 ORs 1.09 to 1.36). In the longitudinal analysis, the lifestyle factors which were protective of depressed mood in both MDD and HCs were optimal sleep duration (MDD OR = 1.10 p 0.001, HC OR = 1.08 p 0.001) and lower screen time (MDD OR = 0.71 p 0.001, HC OR = 0.80 p 0.001). There was also a significant interaction between healthy diet and MDD status ( p = 0.024), while a better-quality diet was indicated to be protective of depressed mood in HCs (OR = 0.92 p = 0.045) but was not associated with depressed mood in the MDD s le. In a cross-sectional (OR = 0.91 p 0.0001) analysis, higher frequency of alcohol consumption was surprisingly associated with reduced frequency of depressed mood in MDD, but not in HCs. Our data suggest that several lifestyle factors are associated with depressed mood, and in particular, it calls into consideration habits involving increased screen time and a poor sleep and dietary pattern as being partly implicated in the germination or exacerbation of depressed mood.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCHRES.2017.06.025
Abstract: People with schizophrenia engage in low levels of physical activity (PA). However, few large-scale studies have investigated the factors that may influence PA participation in in iduals with psychosis and data from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is especially scarce. Thus, we investigated PA correlates in a large s le of people with a psychosis diagnosis across 47 LMICs. Cross-sectional data from the World Health Survey, restricting to those with a self-reported lifetime diagnosis of schizophrenia sychotic disorder, was analyzed. PA was assessed by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and participants were dichotomized into those that do and do not (low PA) meet the minimum recommended PA weekly targets (≥150min). A range of socio-demographic, health behavior, and mental and physical health variables were examined using random effects logistic regression. Overall 2407 people (mean 42.0years, 41.5% males) with schizophrenia sychosis were included. The prevalence of low PA was 39.2% (95%CI=37.0%-41.2%). Male sex (odds ratio (OR)=1.33), increasing age, unemployment (vs. employed OR=2.50), urban setting (vs. rural OR=1.75), inadequate fruit consumption (vs. adequate fruit intake OR=3.03), depression (OR=1.33), sleep/energy disturbance, and mobility limitations were significantly associated with low PA. Marital status, education, wealth, smoking, vegetable and alcohol consumption, anxiety, cognition, pain, and chronic medical conditions were not significant correlates. PA is influenced by a range of factors among people with psychosis. These correlates should be considered in interventions aiming to facilitate PA in psychotic in iduals living in LMICs.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-01-2019
DOI: 10.1002/WPS.20614
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2020
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-09-2019
DOI: 10.1002/WPS.20672
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.JAD.2016.01.040
Abstract: Data about the prevalence of borderline personality (BPD) and bipolar (BD) disorders comorbidity are scarce and the boundaries remain controversial. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis investigating the prevalence of BPD in BD and BD in people with BPD. Two independent authors searched MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO and the Cochrane Library from inception till November 4, 2015. Articles reporting the prevalence of BPD and BD were included. A random effects meta-analysis and meta-regression were conducted. Overall, 42 papers were included: 28 considering BPD in BD and 14 considering BD in BPD. The trim and fill adjusted analysis demonstrated the prevalence of BPD among 5273 people with BD (39.94 ± 11.78 years, 44% males) was 21.6% (95% CI 17.0-27.1). Higher comorbid BPD in BD were noted in BD II participants (37.7%, 95% CI 21.9-56.6, studies=6) and North American studies (26.2%, 95% CI 18.7-35.3, studies=11). Meta regression established that a higher percentage of males and higher mean age significantly (p<0.05) predicted a lower prevalence of comorbid BPD in BD participants. The trim and fill adjusted prevalence of BD among 1814 people with BPD (32.22 ± 7.35 years, 21.5% male) was 18.5% (95% CI 12.7-26.1). Paucity of longitudinal/control group studies and accurate treatment records. BPD-BD comorbidity is common, with approximately one in five people experiencing a comorbid diagnosis. Based on current diagnostic constructs, and a critical interpretation of results, both qualitative and quantitative syntheses of the evidence prompt out the relevance of differences rather similarities between BD and BPD.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 07-04-2020
Publisher: Impact Journals, LLC
Date: 08-09-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2201
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2021
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCHRES.2021.08.022
Abstract: Despite respiratory disease being a major cause of excess mortality in people with schizophrenia, the prevalence of respiratory conditions in this population is poorly defined. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to establish the prevalence and association of respiratory diseases in people with schizophrenia. Major electronic databases were searched from inception to 27 April 2020 for articles reporting respiratory disease (asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD], pneumonia, and tuberculosis) in people with schizophrenia and, where possible, a control group. A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted. The study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42018115137). Of 1569 citations, 21 studies consisting of 619,214 in iduals with schizophrenia and 52,159,551 controls were included in the meta-analysis. Compared to the general population, people with schizophrenia had significantly higher rates of COPD (odds ratio [OR]: 1.82, 95% CI: 1.28-2.57), asthma (OR: 1.70, 95% CI: 1.02-2.83), and pneumonia (OR: 2.62, 95% CI: 1.10-6.23). In people with schizophrenia, the prevalence of COPD was 7.7% (95% CI: 4.0-14.4), asthma 7.5% (95% CI: 4.9-11.3), pneumonia 10.3% (95% CI 5.4-18.6), and tuberculosis 0.3% (95% CI 0.1 -0.8). After adjusting for publication bias, the prevalence of COPD increased to 19.9% (95% CI: 9.6-36.7). All respiratory diseases examined were significantly more prevalent in people with schizophrenia compared with the general population. Future studies should focus on improving the prevention and management of respiratory disease in this group to reduce associated excess mortality.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-10-2023
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2022
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 30-08-2022
DOI: 10.1177/00048674211042239
Abstract: Psychiatric patients have increased rates of comorbid physical illness. There are less data on dental disease, especially decay, despite risk factors including lifestyle and psychotropic side effects such as xerostomia. We therefore undertook an umbrella review of all meta-analyses on the association between mental illness and oral health. We searched PubMed, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase and CINAHL. Articles were independently assessed. Outcomes were caries, periodontal disease, erosion, and partial or total tooth loss (edentulism), measured where possible with standardised measures such as the mean number of decayed, missing and filled teeth or surfaces. Quality was assessed in line with National Institutes of Health guidelines. We identified 11 meta-analyses. The most information and strongest association was between dental decay and severe mental illness or substance use, as well as erosion and eating disorders. Depressive, anxiety and eating disorders were also associated with caries, but the datasets were small. People with severe mental illness had nearly three times the odds of having lost all their teeth than the general community (odds ratio = 2.81, 95% confidence interval = [1.73, 4.57]) and those with depression between 1.17 and 1.32. Findings for periodontal disease were more equivocal, possibly because of study heterogeneity. Mental health clinicians should screen for oral diseases when treating those with mental illness and facilitate referral to affordable dental clinics when indicated. Prevention should be a priority, including the promotion of dental care, as well as the management of xerostomia when psychopharmacologic agents are prescribed.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 30-01-2023
DOI: 10.1002/JMV.28354
Abstract: The recently emerged novel coronavirus, “severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2),” caused a highly contagious disease called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). It has severely damaged the world's most developed countries and has turned into a major threat for low‐ and middle‐income countries. Since its emergence in late 2019, medical interventions have been substantial, and most countries relied on public health measures collectively known as nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs). We aimed to centralize the accumulative knowledge of NPIs against COVID‐19 for each country under one worldwide consortium. International COVID‐19 Research Network collaborators developed a cross‐sectional online survey to assess the implications of NPIs and sanitary supply on the incidence and mortality of COVID‐19. The survey was conducted between January 1 and February 1, 2021, and participants from 92 countries/territories completed it. The association between NPIs, sanitation supplies, and incidence and mortality were examined by multivariate regression, with the log‐transformed value of population as an offset value. The majority of countries/territories applied several preventive strategies, including social distancing (100.0%), quarantine (100.0%), isolation (98.9%), and school closure (97.8%). In idual‐level preventive measures such as personal hygiene (100.0%) and wearing facial masks (94.6% at hospitals 93.5% at mass transportation 91.3% in mass gathering facilities) were also frequently applied. Quarantine at a designated place was negatively associated with incidence and mortality compared to home quarantine. Isolation at a designated place was also associated with reduced mortality compared to home isolation. Recommendations to use sanitizer for personal hygiene reduced incidence compared to the recommendation to use soap. Deprivation of masks was associated with increased incidence. Higher incidence and mortality were found in countries/territories with higher economic levels. Mask deprivation was pervasive regardless of economic level. NPIs against COVID‐19 such as using sanitizer, quarantine, and isolation can decrease the incidence and mortality of COVID‐19.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.NEUBIOREV.2022.104857
Abstract: MONTELEONE, A.M., F. Pellegrino, G. Croatto, M. Carfagno, A. Hilbert, J. Treasure, T. Wade, C. Bulik, S. Zipfel, P. Hay, U. Schmidt, G. Castellini, A. Favaro, F. Fernandez-Aranda, J. Il Shin, U. Voderholzer, V. Ricca, D. Moretti, D. Busatta, G. Abbate-Daga, F. Ciullini, G. Cascino, F. Monaco, C.U. Correll and M. Solmi. Treatment of Eating Disorders: a systematic meta-review of meta-analyses and network meta-analyses. NEUROSCI BIOBEHAV REV 21(1) XXX-XXX, 2022.- Treatment efficacy for eating disorders (EDs) is modest and guidelines differ. We summarized findings/quality of (network) meta-analyses (N)MA of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in EDs. Systematic meta-review ((N)MA of RCTs, ED, active/inactive control), using (anorexia or bulimia or eating disorder) AND (meta-analy*) in PubMed/PsycINFO/Cochrane database up to December 15th, 2020. Standardized mean difference, odds/risk ratio vs control were summarized at end of treatment and follow-up. Interventions involving family (family-based therapy, FBT) outperformed active control in adults/adolescents with anorexia nervosa (AN), and in adolescents with bulimia nervosa (BN). In adults with BN, in idual cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)-ED had the broadest efficacy versus active control also, antidepressants outperformed active. In mixed age groups with binge-eating disorder (BED), psychotherapy, and lisdexamfetamine outperformed active control. Antidepressants, stimulants outperformed placebo, despite lower acceptability, as did CBT-ED versus waitlist/no treatment. Family-based therapy is effective in AN and BN (adolescents). CBT-ED has the largest efficacy in BN (adults), followed by antidepressants, as well as psychotherapy in BED (mixed). Medications have short-term efficacy in BED (adults).
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-10-2016
DOI: 10.1111/ACPS.12654
Abstract: Physical activity (PA) is good for health, yet several small-scale studies have suggested that depression is associated with low PA. A paucity of nationally representative studies investigating this relationship exists, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This study explored the global association of PA with depression and its mediating factors. Participants from 36 LMICs from the World Health Survey were included. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were undertaken exploring the relationship between PA and depression. Across 178 867 people (mean ± SD age = 36.2 ± 13.5 years 49.9% male), the prevalence of depression and the prevalence of low PA were 6.6% and 16.8% respectively. The prevalence of low PA was significantly higher among those with depression vs. no depression (26.0% vs. 15.8%, P < 0.0001). In the adjusted model, depression was associated with higher odds for low PA (OR = 1.42 95% CI = 1.24-1.63). Mediation analyses demonstrated that low PA among people with depression was explained by mobility limitations (40.3%), pain and discomfort (35.8%), disruptions in sleep and energy (25.2%), cognition (19.4%) and vision (10.9%). In iduals with depression engage in lower levels of PA in LMICs. Future longitudinal research is warranted to better understand the relationships observed.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.JAD.2016.02.060
Abstract: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a health hazard since it is associated with neurocognitive dysfunction and cardio-metabolic diseases. The prevalence of OSA among people with serious mental illness (SMI) is unclear. We searched major electronic databases from inception till 06/2015. Articles were included that reported the prevalence of OSA determined by polysomnography (PSG) or an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) >5 events/hr, in people with major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BD) or schizophrenia. A random effects meta-analysis calculating the pooled prevalence of OSA and meta-regression of potential moderators were performed. Twelve articles were included representing 570,121 participants with SMI (mean age=38.3 years (SD=7.5)), 45.8% male (range=32-80.4) and mean body mass index (BMI) 25.9 (SD=3.7). The prevalence of OSA in SMI in clinical studies was 25.7% (95% CI 13.9 to 42.4%, n=1,535). Higher frequencies of OSA were seen in MDD (36.3%, 19.4-57.4%, n=525) than in BD (24.5%, 95% CI 10.6-47.1, n=681) and schizophrenia (15.4%, 95% CI 5.3-37.1%, n=329). The prevalence of OSA in 568,586 people with SMI from population cohort studies was 10.7% (95% CI 2.4-37.0%) and 19.8% (95% CI 2.5-70.0%) in 358,853 people with MDD. Increasing age (β=0.063, 95% CI 0.0005-0.126, p=0.04, N=10) and BMI predicted increased prevalence of OSA (β=0.1642, 95% CI 0.004-0.3701, p=0.04, N=9). People with SMI (particularly MDD) have a high prevalence of OSA. Screening for and interventions to manage OSA in SMI including those focused on reducing BMI are warranted.
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 26-02-2020
DOI: 10.1002/DA.23004
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 20-09-2019
DOI: 10.1007/S40279-019-01187-6
Abstract: Exercise may improve neuropsychiatric and cognitive symptoms in people with mental disorders, but the totality of the evidence is unclear. We conducted a meta-review of exercise in (1) serious mental illness (schizophrenia spectrum, bipolar disorder and major depression (MDD)) (2) anxiety and stress disorders (3) alcohol and substance use disorders (4) eating disorders (anorexia nervosa bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorders, and (5) other mental disorders (including ADHD, pre ost-natal depression). Systematic searches of major databases from inception until 1/10/2018 were undertaken to identify meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of exercise in people with clinically diagnosed mental disorders. In the absence of available meta-analyses for a mental disorder, we identified systematic reviews of exercise interventions in people with elevated mental health symptoms that included non-RCTs. Meta-analysis quality was assessed with the AMSTAR/+. Overall, we identified 27 systematic reviews (including 16 meta-analyses representing 152 RCTs). Among those with MDD, we found consistent evidence (meta-analyses = 8) that exercise reduced depression in children, adults and older adults. Evidence also indicates that exercise was more effective than control conditions in reducing anxiety symptoms (meta-analyses = 3), and as an adjunctive treatment for reducing positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia (meta-analyses = 2). Regarding neurocognitive effects, exercise improved global cognition in schizophrenia (meta-analyses = 1), children with ADHD (meta-analyses = 1), but not in MDD (meta-analyses = 1). Among those with elevated symptoms, positive mental health benefits were observed for exercise in people with pre ost-natal depression, anorexia nervosa/bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder and alcohol use disorders/substance use disorders. Adverse events were sparsely reported. Our panoramic meta-overview suggests that exercise can be an effective adjunctive treatment for improving symptoms across a broad range of mental disorders.
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 18-01-2022
DOI: 10.3389/FPSYT.2021.807839
Abstract: In mental health, comorbidities are the norm rather than the exception. However, current meta-analytic methods for summarizing the neural correlates of mental disorders do not consider comorbidities, reducing them to a source of noise and bias rather than benefitting from their valuable information. We describe and validate a novel neuroimaging meta-analytic approach that focuses on comorbidities. In addition, we present the protocol for a meta-analysis of all major mental disorders and their comorbidities. The novel approach consists of a modification of Seed-based d Mapping—with Permutation of Subject Images (SDM-PSI) in which the linear models have no intercept. As in previous SDM meta-analyses, the dependent variable is the brain anatomical difference between patients and controls in a voxel. However, there is no primary disorder, and the independent variables are the percentages of patients with each disorder and each pair of potentially comorbid disorders. We use simulations to validate and provide an ex le of this novel approach, which correctly disentangled the abnormalities associated with each disorder and comorbidity. We then describe a protocol for conducting the new meta-analysis of all major mental disorders and their comorbidities. Specifically, we will include all voxel-based morphometry (VBM) studies of mental disorders for which a meta-analysis has already been published, including at least 10 studies. We will use the novel approach to analyze all included studies in two separate single linear models, one for children/adolescents and one for adults. The novel approach is a valid method to focus on comorbidities. The meta-analysis will yield a comprehensive atlas of the neuroanatomy of all major mental disorders and their comorbidities, which we hope might help develop potential diagnostic and therapeutic tools.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2017
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 04-2019
DOI: 10.1097/PSY.0000000000000673
Abstract: Poor diet can be detrimental to mental health. However, the overall evidence for the effects of dietary interventions on mood and mental well-being has yet to be assessed. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis examining effects of dietary interventions on symptoms of depression and anxiety. Major electronic databases were searched through March 2018 for all randomized controlled trials of dietary interventions reporting changes in symptoms of depression and/or anxiety in clinical and nonclinical populations. Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted to determine effect sizes (Hedges' g with 95% confidence intervals [CI]) for dietary interventions compared with control conditions. Potential sources of heterogeneity were explored using subgroups and meta-regression analyses. Sixteen eligible randomized controlled trials (published in English) with outcome data for 45,826 participants were included the majority of which examined s les with nonclinical depression ( n = 15 studies). Nonetheless, dietary interventions significantly reduced depressive symptoms ( g = 0.275, 95% CI = 0.10 to 0.45, p = .002). Similar effects were observed among high-quality trials ( g = 0.321, 95% CI = 0.12 to 0.53, p = .002) and when compared with both inactive ( g = 0.308, 95% CI = 0.02 to 0.60, p = .038) and active controls ( g = 0.174, 95% CI = 0.01 to 0.34, p = .035). No effect of dietary interventions was observed for anxiety ( k = 11, n = 2270, g = 0.100, 95% CI = −0.04 to 0.24, p = .148). Studies with female s les observed significantly greater benefits from dietary interventions, for symptoms of both depression and anxiety. Dietary interventions hold promise as a novel intervention for reducing symptoms of depression across the population. Future research is required to determine the specific components of dietary interventions that improve mental health, explore underlying mechanisms, and establish effective schemes for delivering these interventions in clinical and public health settings. PROSPERO Online Protocol: CRD42018091256.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2018
DOI: 10.1093/AJCN/NQX082
Abstract: Several studies have suggested that higher consumption of dietary fiber is beneficial for a variety of health outcomes. However, many results have been inconclusive and, to our knowledge, there has been no attempt to systematically capture the breadth of outcomes associated with dietary fiber intake or to systematically assess the quality and the strength of the evidence on the associations of dietary fiber intake and different health outcomes or medical conditions. The aim of this study was to describe the erse health outcomes convincingly associated with dietary fiber consumption. This was an umbrella review of systematic reviews with meta-analysis of observational studies. For each association, random-effects summary effect size, 95% CIs, and 95% prediction intervals were estimated. We also assessed heterogeneity, evidence for small-study effect, and evidence for excess significance bias. We used these metrics to evaluate the credibility of the identified evidence. Our literature search identified 1351 abstracts. Of these, 18 meta-analyses including a total of 298 prospective observational studies and 21 outcomes were included. Outcomes studied included cancer and precancer lesions (n = 12), cardiovascular diseases (CVDs n = 3), all-cause and specific-cause mortality (n = 4), type 2 diabetes (n = 1), and Crohn disease (n = 1). Overall, 6 (29%) of the 21 eligible outcomes reported highly significant summary results (P < 1 × 10-6) these included CVD and CVD mortality, coronary artery disease, pancreatic cancer, and gastric cancer. Overall, 3 of 21 (14%) outcomes presented convincing evidence (pancreatic cancer, CVD mortality, and all-cause mortality), but only CVD and all-cause mortality were based on prospective studies. Two other outcomes (10%), CVD and coronary artery disease, presented highly suggestive evidence based on prospective studies. Our results support dietary recommendations that promote higher fiber intake as part of a healthy diet.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2022
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2021
Location: Italy
Location: Italy
Location: United States of America
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
No related grants have been discovered for marco solmi.