ORCID Profile
0000-0003-4328-7286
Current Organisations
Nanyang Technological University National Institute of Education
,
University of York
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Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-03-2023
DOI: 10.1038/S41467-023-37127-2
Abstract: While human activities are known to elicit rapid turnover in species composition through time, the properties of the species that increase or decrease their spatial occupancy underlying this turnover are less clear. Here, we used an extensive dataset of 238 metacommunity time series of multiple taxa spread across the globe to evaluate whether species that are more widespread (large-ranged species) differed in how they changed their site occupancy over the 10–90 years the metacommunities were monitored relative to species that are more narrowly distributed (small-ranged species). We found that on average, large-ranged species tended to increase in occupancy through time, whereas small-ranged species tended to decrease. These relationships were stronger in marine than in terrestrial and freshwater realms. However, in terrestrial regions, the directional changes in occupancy were less extreme in protected areas. Our findings provide evidence for systematic decreases in occupancy of small-ranged species, and that habitat protection could mitigate these losses in the face of environmental change.
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Date: 08-09-2023
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 15-04-2020
DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.14.031716
Abstract: Despite the scientific consensus on the extinction crisis and its anthropogenic origin, the quantification of historical trends and of future scenarios of bio ersity and ecosystem services has been limited, due to the lack of inter-model comparisons and harmonized scenarios. Here, we present a multi-model analysis to assess the impacts of land-use and climate change from 1900 to 2050. During the 20th century provisioning services increased, but bio ersity and regulating services decreased. Similar trade-offs are projected for the coming decades, but they may be attenuated in a sustainability scenario. Future bio ersity loss from land-use change is projected to keep up with historical rates or reduce slightly, whereas losses due to climate change are projected to increase greatly. Renewed efforts are needed by governments to meet the 2050 vision of the Convention on Biological Diversity. Development pathways exist that allow for a reduction of the rates of bio ersity loss from land-use change and improvement in regulating services but climate change poses an increasing challenge.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 22-07-2022
DOI: 10.1111/GCB.16335
Abstract: Land‐use change is widely regarded as a simplifying and homogenising force in nature. In contrast, analysing global land‐use reconstructions from the 10th to 20th centuries, we found progressive increases in the number, evenness, and ersity of ecosystems (including human‐modified land‐use types) present across most of the Earth's land surface. Ecosystem ersity increased more rapidly after ~1700 CE, then slowed or slightly declined (depending on the metric) following the mid‐20th century acceleration of human impacts. The results also reveal increasing spatial differentiation, rather than homogenisation, in both the presence‐absence and area‐coverage of different ecosystem types at sub‐global scales—at least, prior to the mid‐20th century. Nonetheless, geographic homogenization was revealed for a subset of analyses at a global scale, reflecting the now‐global presence of certain human‐modified ecosystem types. Our results suggest that, while human land‐use changes have caused declines in relatively undisturbed or “primary” ecosystem types, they have also driven increases in ecosystem ersity over the last millennium.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2022
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-02-2018
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 13-11-2018
Abstract: Abstract. To support the assessments of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Bio ersity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES), the IPBES Expert Group on Scenarios and Models is carrying out an intercomparison of bio ersity and ecosystem services models using harmonized scenarios (BES-SIM). The goals of BES-SIM are (1) to project the global impacts of land-use and climate change on bio ersity and ecosystem services (i.e., nature's contributions to people) over the coming decades, compared to the 20th century, using a set of common metrics at multiple scales, and (2) to identify model uncertainties and research gaps through the comparisons of projected bio ersity and ecosystem services across models. BES-SIM uses three scenarios combining specific Shared Socio-economic Pathways (SSPs) and Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) – SSP1xRCP2.6, SSP3xRCP6.0, SSP5xRCP8.6 – to explore a wide range of land-use change and climate change futures. This paper describes the rationale for scenario selection, the process of harmonizing input data for land use, based on the second phase of the Land Use Harmonization Project (LUH2), and climate, the bio ersity and ecosystem services models used, the core simulations carried out, the harmonization of the model output metrics, and the treatment of uncertainty. The results of this collaborative modeling project will support the ongoing global assessment of IPBES, strengthen ties between IPBES and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) scenarios and modeling processes, advise the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) on its development of a post-2020 strategic plans and conservation goals, and inform the development of a new generation of nature-centred scenarios.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-11-2019
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 08-03-2018
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-03-2019
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 17-03-2021
DOI: 10.1101/2021.03.16.435590
Abstract: Land-use change is widely regarded as a simplifying and homogenising force in nature. In contrast, analysing global land-use reconstructions from the 10 th to 20 th centuries, we found progressive increases in the number, evenness, and ersity of ecosystems (including human-modified land-use types) across the globe. Ecosystem ersity increased more rapidly after ∼1700CE, then slowed or partially reversed (depending on the metric) following the mid-20 th century acceleration of human impacts. Differentiation also generally increased across space, with homogenization only evident in the presence-absence analysis of ecosystem types at the global scale. Our results suggest that human land-use changes have primarily driven increases in ecosystem ersity over the last millennium.
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 03-02-2023
DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.03.526822
Abstract: Biotic responses to global change include directional shifts in organismal traits. Body size, an integrative trait that determines demographic rates and ecosystem functions, is often thought to be shrinking in the Anthropocene. Here, we assess the prevalence of body size change in six taxon groups across 5,032 assemblage time-series spanning 1960-2020. Using the Price equation to partition this change into within-species body size versus compositional changes, we detect prevailing decreases in body size through time. Change in assemblage composition contributes more to body size changes than within-species trends, but both components show substantial variation in magnitude and direction. The biomass of assemblages remains remarkably stable as decreases in body size trade-off with increases in abundance. Variable within-species and compositional trends combine into shrinking body size, abundance increases and stable biomass.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 29-09-2022
DOI: 10.1002/ECY.3820
Abstract: Bio ersity metrics often integrate data on the presence and abundance of multiple species. Yet our understanding of covariation between changes to the numbers of in iduals, the evenness of species relative abundances, and the total number of species remains limited. Using in idual‐based rarefaction curves, we show how expected positive relationships among changes in abundance, evenness and richness arise, and how they can break down. We then examined interdependencies between changes in abundance, evenness and richness in more than 1100 assemblages s led either through time or across space. As predicted, richness changes were greatest when abundance and evenness changed in the same direction, and countervailing changes in abundance and evenness acted to constrain the magnitude of changes in species richness. Site‐to‐site differences in abundance, evenness, and richness were often decoupled, and pairwise relationships between these components across assemblages were weak. In contrast, changes in species richness and relative abundance were strongly correlated for assemblages varying through time. Temporal changes in local bio ersity showed greater inertia and stronger relationships between the component changes when compared to site‐to‐site variation. Overall, local variation in assemblage ersity was rarely due to repeated passive s les from an approximately static species abundance distribution. Instead, changing species relative abundances often dominated local variation in ersity. Moreover, how changing relative abundances combined with changes to total abundance frequently determined the magnitude of richness changes. Embracing the interdependencies between changing abundance, evenness and richness can provide new information to better understand bio ersity change in the Anthropocene.
Location: Germany
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Location: Singapore
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
No related grants have been discovered for Inês Santos Martins.