ORCID Profile
0000-0001-9697-4309
Current Organisations
University of Adelaide
,
Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria
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Publisher: Magnolia Press
Date: 22-06-2020
DOI: 10.11646/ZOOTAXA.4802.1.4
Abstract: A geospatial analysis of 1,906,302 records of 1938 species of Australian vertebrates has shown that the original regions proposed in the 19th century, namely the Eyrean, Torresian and Bassian still hold. The analysis has shown that the Eyrean region has an east-west ide, forming two, possibly independent arid regions (Eastern Desert and Western Desert provinces), that are shaped by topography and rainfall. A revised and interim zoogeographical area taxonomy of the Australian region is presented herein.
Publisher: Pensoft Publishers
Date: 22-08-2022
DOI: 10.3897/PHYTOKEYS.205.85866
Abstract: Subfamily Caesalpinioideae with ca. 4,600 species in 152 genera is the second-largest subfamily of legumes (Leguminosae) and forms an ecologically and economically important group of trees, shrubs and lianas with a pantropical distribution. Despite major advances in the last few decades towards aligning genera with clades across Caesalpinioideae, generic delimitation remains in a state of considerable flux, especially across the mimosoid clade. We test the monophyly of genera across Caesalpinioideae via phylogenomic analysis of 997 nuclear genes sequenced via targeted enrichment (Hybseq) for 420 species and 147 of the 152 genera currently recognised in the subfamily. We show that 22 genera are non-monophyletic or nested in other genera and that non-monophyly is concentrated in the mimosoid clade where ca. 25% of the 90 genera are found to be non-monophyletic. We suggest two main reasons for this pervasive generic non-monophyly: (i) extensive morphological homoplasy that we document here for a handful of important traits and, particularly, the repeated evolution of distinctive fruit types that were historically emphasised in delimiting genera and (ii) this is an artefact of the lack of pantropical taxonomic syntheses and s ling in previous phylogenies and the consequent failure to identify clades that span the Old World and New World or conversely hi-Atlantic genera that are non-monophyletic, both of which are critical for delimiting genera across this large pantropical clade. Finally, we discuss taxon delimitation in the phylogenomic era and especially how assessing patterns of gene tree conflict can provide additional insights into generic delimitation. This new phylogenomic framework provides the foundations for a series of papers reclassifying genera that are presented here in Advances in Legume Systematics (ALS) 14 Part 1, for establishing a new higher-level phylogenetic tribal and clade-based classification of Caesalpinioideae that is the focus of ALS14 Part 2 and for downstream analyses of evolutionary ersification and biogeography of this important group of legumes which are presented elsewhere.
Publisher: The Royal Society
Date: 04-2017
DOI: 10.1098/RSOS.170105
Abstract: Acacia s.l. farnesiana , which originates from Mesoamerica, is the most widely distributed Acacia s.l. species across the tropics. It is assumed that the plant was transferred across the Atlantic to southern Europe by Spanish explorers, and then spread across the Old World tropics through a combination of chance long-distance and human-mediated dispersal. Our study uses genetic analysis and information from historical sources to test the relative roles of chance and human-mediated dispersal in its distribution. The results confirm the Mesoamerican origins of the plant and show three patterns of human-mediated dispersal. S les from Spain showed greater genetic ersity than those from other Old World tropics, suggesting more instances of transatlantic introductions from the Americas to that country than to other parts of Africa and Asia. In iduals from the Philippines matched a population from South Central Mexico and were likely to have been direct, trans-Pacific introductions. Australian s les were genetically unique, indicating that the arrival of the species in the continent was independent of these European colonial activities. This suggests the possibility of pre-European human-mediated dispersal across the Pacific Ocean. These significant findings raise new questions for biogeographic studies that assume chance or transoceanic dispersal for disjunct plant distributions.
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2003
DOI: 10.1071/SB01042
Abstract: The largest monophyletic group within Acacia is subgenus Phyllodineae, with more than 950 predominately Australian species, the majority characterised by adult foliage consisting of phyllodes. Molecular sequence data from the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of the nuclear ribosomal DNA repeat were used to investigate the monophyly of seven sections within the subgenus. A nested PCR approach was used to lify the ITS region. Fifty-one species representative of all sections were sequenced together with one outgroup taxon Lysiloma aricata (Ingeae).Phylogenetic parsimony analysis suggested that there are two main clades within Phyllodineae but that only one section, Lycopodiifoliae, is apparently monophyletic. In one of the main clades, Lycopodifoliae is related to some taxa in sections Alatae and Pulchellae and some members of section Phyllodineae. In the second main clade, sections Juliflorae, Plurinerves and Botrycephalae cluster with other members of section Phyllodineae. The two sections that are characterised by bipinnate foliage, Botrycephalae and Pulchellae, are nested within phyllodinous clades, indicating that at least two separate reversals to bipinnate leaves have occurred. Botrycephalae is paraphyletic with respect to taxa from section Phyllodineae that have single-nerved phyllodes and racemose inflorescences.
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 03-12-2021
DOI: 10.1071/SB21009
Abstract: In Acacia, 90% of species have drought-tolerant phyllodes as their adult foliage, the remaining species have bipinnate leaves. We conducted tests for relationships between foliage type and 35 bioclimatic variables at the continental scale and found significant correlations of both ‘moisture seasonality’ and ‘radiation in the coldest quarter’ with foliage type. Bipinnate species have lower species mean values of each variable, growing in stable soil moisture and generally darker environments (longer nights and lower incident radiation), on average. Evolutionary transformations between bipinnate and phyllodinous adult foliage exhibit asymmetry across the Acacia phylogeny, with transformations from bipinnate leaves to phyllodes occurring times faster than the reverse. At least three (and up to seven) transitions from phyllode to bipinnate adult foliage were inferred. Foliage type in the most recent common ancestor of extant Acacia is unresolved, some analyses favour a phyllodinous ancestor, others a bipinnate ancestor. Most ancestral nodes inferred as having bipinnate adult foliage had median age estimates of less than 5 million years (Ma), half having ages between 3 and 1.5 Ma. Acacia lineages with bipinnate adult foliage ersified during the Pliocene, perhaps in response to wetter climatic conditions experienced by the continental margin during this period.
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2012
DOI: 10.1071/SB10044
Abstract: Triodia bunicola (S.W.L.Jacobs) Lazarides and T. scariosa N.T.Burb. (Poaceae: Chloridoideae) were analysed to test their status as different species. Thirty-one morphological characters were scored for multivariate analysis for both species. Nuclear (ITS) and chloroplast (rpl32–trnL) DNA data were analysed cladistically for 18 species of Triodia, with a focus on species from southern Australia to look at broader geographic patterns. Cladistic analysis and morphological ordination analysis indicated that T. bunicola should be regarded as a synonym of T. scariosa. DNA evidence also suggests that there is geographic partitioning for southern Australian species of Triodia.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-08-2011
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2012
DOI: 10.1071/SB12027
Abstract: Acacia sensu stricto is found predominantly in Australia however, there are 18 phyllodinous taxa that occur naturally outside Australia, north from New Guinea to Indonesia, Taiwan, the Philippines, south-western Pacific (New Caledonia to Samoa), northern Pacific (Hawaii) and Indian Ocean (Mascarene Islands). Our aim was to determine the phylogenetic position of these species within Acacia, to infer their biogeographic history. To an existing molecular dataset of 109 taxa of Acacia, we added 51 new accessions sequenced for the ITS and ETS regions of nuclear rDNA, including s les from 15 extra-Australian taxa. Data were analysed using both maximum parsimony and Bayesian methods. The phylogenetic positions of the extra-Australian taxa s led revealed four geographic connections. Connection A, i.e. northern Australia?South-east Asia?south-western Pacific, is shown by an early erging clade in section Plurinerves, which relates A. confusa from Taiwan and the Philippines (possibly Fiji) to A. simplex from Fiji and Samoa. That clade is related to A. simsii from southern New Guinea and northern Australia and other northern Australian species. Two related clades in section Juliflorae show a repeated connection (B), i.e. northern Australia?southern New Guinea?south-western Pacific. One of these is the ?A. auriculiformis clade', which includes A. spirorbis subsp. spirorbis from New Caledonia and the Loyalty Islands as sister to the Queensland species A. auriculiformis related taxa include A. mangium, A. leptocarpa and A. spirorbis subsp. solandri. The ?A. aulacocarpa clade' includes A. aulacocarpa, A. peregrinalis endemic to New Guinea, A. crassicarpa from New Guinea and Australia, and other Australian species. Acacia spirorbis (syn. A. solandri subsp. kajewskii) from Vanuatu (Melanesia) is related to these two clades but its exact position is equivocal. The third biogeographic connection (C) is Australia?Timor?Flores, represented independently by the widespread taxon A. oraria (section Plurinerves) found on Flores and Timor and in north-eastern Queensland, and the Wetar island endemic A. wetarensis (Juliflorae). The fourth biogeographic connection (D), i.e. Hawaii?Mascarene?eastern Australia, reveals an extreme disjunct distribution, consisting of the Hawaiian koa (A. koa, A. koaia and A. kaoaiensis), sister to the Mascarene (R�union Island) species A. heterophylla this clade is sister to the eastern Australian A. melanoxylon and A. implexa (all section Plurinerves), and sequence ergence between taxa is very low. Historical range expansion of acacias is inferred to have occurred several times from an Australian?southern New Guinean source. Dispersal would have been possible as the Australian land mass approached South-east Asia, and during times when sea levels were low, from the Late Miocene or Early Pliocene. The close genetic relationship of species separated by vast distances, from the Indian Ocean to the Pacific, is best explained by dispersal by Austronesians, early Homo sapiens migrants from Asia.
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 03-11-2020
DOI: 10.1101/2020.11.02.364471
Abstract: Eremophila is the largest genus in the plant tribe Myoporeae (Scrophulariaceae) and exhibits incredible morphological ersity across the Australian continent. The Australian Aboriginal Peoples recognize many Eremophila species as important sources of traditional medicine, the most frequently used plant parts being the leaves. Recent phylogenetic studies have revealed complex evolutionary relationships between Eremophila and related genera in the tribe. Unique and structurally erse metabolites, particularly diterpenoids, are also a feature of plants in this group. To assess the full dimension of the chemical space of the tribe Myoporeae, we investigated the metabolite ersity in a chemo-evolutionary framework applying a combination of molecular phylogenetic and state-of-the-art computational metabolomics tools to build a dataset involving leaf s les from a total of 291 specimens of Eremophila and allied genera. The chemo-evolutionary relationships are expounded into a systematic context by integration of information about leaf morphology (resin and hairiness), environmental factors (pollination and geographical distribution) and medicinal properties (traditional medicinal uses and antibacterial studies) augmenting our understanding of complex interactions in biological systems.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-2021
DOI: 10.1111/JVS.13017
Publisher: Magnolia Press
Date: 16-05-2013
Publisher: The Royal Society
Date: 09-2015
DOI: 10.1098/RSOS.150370
Abstract: To investigate the pathways of introduction of the African baobab, Adansonia digitata , to the Indian subcontinent, we examined 10 microsatellite loci in in iduals from Africa, India, the Mascarenes and Malaysia, and matched this with historical evidence of human interactions between source and destination regions. Genetic analysis showed broad congruence of African clusters with biogeographic regions except along the Zambezi (Mozambique) and Kilwa (Tanzania), where populations included a mixture of in iduals assigned to at least two different clusters. In iduals from West Africa, the Mascarenes, southeast India and Malaysia shared a cluster. Baobabs from western and central India clustered separately from Africa. Genetic ersity was lower in populations from the Indian subcontinent than in African populations, but the former contained private alleles. Phylogenetic analysis showed Indian populations were closest to those from the Mombasa-Dar es Salaam coast. The genetic results provide evidence of multiple introductions of African baobabs to the Indian subcontinent over a longer time period than previously assumed. In iduals belonging to different genetic clusters in Zambezi and Kilwa may reflect the history of trafficking captives from inland areas to supply the slave trade between the fifteenth and nineteenth centuries. Baobabs in the Mascarenes, southeast India and Malaysia indicate introduction from West Africa through eighteenth and nineteenth century European colonial networks.
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 27-04-2015
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2006
DOI: 10.1071/SB05039
Abstract: A phylogenetic analysis of Acacia subg. Phyllodineae sect. Botrycephalae, endemic to eastern Australia, is presented based on a combined dataset of ITS and ETS sequences of nrDNA. A smaller set of species was sequenced also for the cpDNA trnK region. A limited number of morphological characters was also combined with the ITS+ETS dataset for most taxa. Thirty-eight of 41 Botrycephalae species were sequenced, together with a s le of ten uninerved phyllodinous species (sect. Phyllodineae). Although these DNA regions showed limited sequence ergence, bootstrap supported nodes of the consensus ITS+ETS tree indicate that Botrycephalae as currently defined is polyphyletic. Eight bipinnate species fell outside the main clade of Botrycephalae species while seven phyllodinous species were nested within it, near the base. The few derived but homoplasious morphological characters that were discovered included: presence of appressed unicellular hairs, presence of jugary and interjugary glands, number of pinnae 7 and the funicle half–fully encircling the seed. Section Botrycephalae requires redefinition.
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2012
DOI: 10.1071/SB10049
Abstract: Although the Australasian grass genus Austrostipa is species rich, abundant and ecologically significant, the subgeneric classification of its 62 species has not been comprehensively tested with molecular data. We used three molecular markers from 51 species to determine a phylogeny of the genus and found strong support for the following seven of the existing subgenera: Falcatae, Austrostipa, Aulax, Lobatae, Bambusina, Lancea and Longiaristatae. The molecular data do not support Tuberculatae and Eremophilae, which could be combined with subgenus Austrostipa. The data are equivocal or insufficient regarding monophyly of Ceres, Arbuscula, Petaurista and Lanterna. Data from the nuclear internal transcribed spacer region appear to be suitable for phylogenetic analysis of this group, and the degree of sequence variability resolves species-level relationships with good levels of support. In contrast, chloroplast sequence data from the matK and rbcL genes do not resolve most relationships at the species level, and the inferred phylogeny hints at gene duplication, chloroplast capture, or deep coalescence in the evolutionary history of Austrostipa.
Publisher: GigaScience Press
Date: 20-12-2021
DOI: 10.46471/GIGABYTE.36
Abstract: Organelle genomes are typically represented as single, static, circular molecules. However, there is evidence that the chloroplast genome exists in two structural haplotypes and that the mitochondrial genome can display multiple circular, linear or branching forms. We sequenced and assembled chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes of the Golden Wattle, Acacia pycnantha, using long reads, iterative baiting to extract organelle-only reads, and several assembly algorithms to explore genomic structure. Using a de novo assembly approach agnostic to previous hypotheses about structure, we found that different assemblies revealed contrasting arrangements of genomic segments a hypothesis supported by mapped reads spanning alternate paths.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 16-09-2021
DOI: 10.1111/TPJ.15448
Abstract: Eremophila is the largest genus in the plant tribe Myoporeae (Scrophulariaceae) and exhibits incredible morphological ersity across the Australian continent. The Australian Aboriginal Peoples recognize many Eremophila species as important sources of traditional medicine, the most frequently used plant parts being the leaves. Recent phylogenetic studies have revealed complex evolutionary relationships between Eremophila and related genera in the tribe. Unique and structurally erse metabolites, particularly diterpenoids, are also a feature of plants in this group. To assess the full dimension of the chemical space of the tribe Myoporeae, we investigated the metabolite ersity in a chemo‐evolutionary framework applying a combination of molecular phylogenetic and state‐of‐the‐art computational metabolomics tools to build a dataset involving leaf s les from a total of 291 specimens of Eremophila and allied genera. The chemo‐evolutionary relationships are expounded into a systematic context by integration of information about leaf morphology (resin and hairiness), environmental factors (pollination and geographical distribution), and medicinal properties (traditional medicinal uses and antibacterial studies), augmenting our understanding of complex interactions in biological systems.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-2008
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2010
DOI: 10.1071/SB09037
Abstract: Seventeen Australian, phyllodinous species of Acacia s.s. (from sections Juliflorae and Phyllodineae) were analysed to test the monophyly and relationships of ‘the Acacia longifolia group’, an informal group recognised in the Flora of Australia. Analyses were based on both morphological and molecular data, with A. triptera as an outgroup. A total of 92 herbarium specimens was investigated, with 15 phyllode, inflorescence, flower, pod and seed characters scored. The ITS and ETS regions of nuclear rDNA were sequenced and combined with a larger dataset s led from species of all major clades of Acacia, totalling 65 accessions. Cladistic analyses provided evidence of a clade that defines the A. longifolia group as follows: A. alpina, A. axillaris, A. courtii, A. dallachiana, A. derwentiana, A. floribunda, A. longifolia subsp. longifolia and A. longifolia subsp. sophorae, A. longissima, A. maidenii, A. mucronata, A. obtusifolia, A. orites, A. oxycedrus, A. phlebophylla, A. rhigiophylla and A. riceana (all sect. Juliflorae), but excluding A. verticillata (section Juliflorae) and A. genistifolia (section Phyllodineae). The A. longifolia group is recognised as including south-eastern Australian species with cylindrically spiked inflorescences and phyllodes with prominent anastomosing venation.
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2013
DOI: 10.1071/BT13149
Abstract: The ubiquitous and highly erse element Australian Acacia makes an ideal candidate for investigating a range of questions about the evolution of the flora of continental Australia. In the past, such efforts have been h ered by a lack of well-supported phylogenies and by the relatively poor macrofossil record, which probably reflects the depositional environment in which Acacia species are predominantly found. However, the broader subfamily Mimosoideae offers several reliably age-constrained fossils that can be used as calibrations in ergence-dating analyses of DNA sequence data. In addition, the microfossil pollen record of Acacia is relatively rich and provides a good age constraint for the entire Acacia clade. By using multiple reliable fossil constraints, we applied a combination of primary calibration points to produce a comprehensive study of ergence dates in Acacia s.s. and related mimosoid legumes. Previous dating studies included very limited s les of the ersity of Australian Acacia and experienced difficulties in identifying appropriate age calibrations for the lineage, leading to considerable variation in their results. We used novel calibration schemes and multiple nuclear and chloroplast DNA sequence markers to produce the first estimates of ergence dates for major lineages within the Australian Acacia s.s. clade and for related lineages across the Mimosoideae subfamily. We estimate average crown ergence dates for Vachellia at 13–17 Ma, Senegalia at 31.0–33.4 Ma and Acacia s.s. at 21.0–23.9 Ma. The timing of radiations within these lineages is consistent with the hypothesis that Miocene aridification in Africa, the Americas and Australia was a driver for the ersificationss of lineages in Acacia s.l.
Publisher: American Society of Plant Taxonomists
Date: 10-2008
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2014
DOI: 10.1071/SB14014
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 18-07-2014
DOI: 10.1111/BOJ.12185
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 10-2019
DOI: 10.1071/SB19025
Abstract: The need for scientists to exchange, share and organise data has resulted in a proliferation of bio ersity research-data portals over recent decades. These cyber-infrastructures have had a major impact on taxonomy and helped the discipline by allowing faster access to bibliographic information, biological and nomenclatural data, and specimen information. Several specialised portals aggregate particular data types for a large number of species, including legumes. Here, we argue that, despite access to such data-aggregation portals, a taxon-focused portal, curated by a community of researchers specialising on a particular taxonomic group and who have the interest, commitment, existing collaborative links, and knowledge necessary to ensure data quality, would be a useful resource in itself and make important contributions to more general data providers. Such an online species-information system focused on Leguminosae (Fabaceae) would serve useful functions in parallel to and different from international data-aggregation portals. We explore best practices for developing a legume-focused portal that would support data sharing, provide a better understanding of what data are available, missing, or erroneous, and, ultimately, facilitate cross-analyses and direct development of novel research. We present a history of legume-focused portals, survey existing data portals to evaluate what is available and which features are of most interest, and discuss how a legume-focused portal might be developed to respond to the needs of the legume-systematics research community and beyond. We propose taking full advantage of existing data sources, informatics tools and protocols to develop a scalable and interactive portal that will be used, contributed to, and fully supported by the legume-systematics community in the easiest manner possible.
Publisher: Pensoft Publishers
Date: 22-08-2022
DOI: 10.3897/PHYTOKEYS.205.79381
Abstract: The morphologically variable genus Archidendron is the second largest mimosoid legume genus from the Indomalayan-Australasian region, yet it has not been well represented in phylogenetic studies. Phylogenies that have included multiple representatives of Archidendron suggest it may not be monophyletic, and the same applies to Archidendropsis , another understudied genus of the Archidendron clade. The most comprehensive phylogeny of Archidendron and Archidendropsis to date is presented, based on four nuclear markers (ITS, ETS, SHMT and RBPCO). Exemplars from all genera of the wider Archidendron clade are s led, including representatives of all series within Archidendron and the two subgenera of Archidendropsis . Our results confirm that Archidendron and Archidendropsis are not monophyletic. Within Archidendron , only one series (ser. Ptenopae) is resolved as monophyletic and species of Archidendron are ided into two primarily geographic lineages. One clade is distributed in western Malesia and mainland Asia and includes most representatives of series Clypeariae , while the other is mostly restricted to eastern Malesia and Australia and includes representatives of the seven other series plus two s les of series Clypeariae . No taxonomic changes are made for Archidendron due to the high level of topological uncertainty and the lack of discrete macromorphological characters separating these two lineages. Each of the two subgenera of Archidendropsis is monophyletic but they are not closely related. A new genus endemic to Queensland (Australia), Heliodendron Gill.K. Br. & Bayly, gen. nov. , is described for the former Archidendropsis subg. Basaltica, and combinations for its three species are proposed: Heliodendron basalticum (F. Muell.) Gill.K. Br. & Bayly, comb. nov. , Heliodendron thozetianum (F. Muell.) Gill.K. Br. & Bayly, comb. nov. , and Heliodendron xanthoxylon (C.T. White & W.D. Francis) Gill.K. Br. & Bayly, comb. nov.
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1071/BT20022
Abstract: The xeromorphic vegetation is a significant component of the Australian flora and phylogenetic and phylogeographic analysis of xeromorphic plants provides a basis for understanding the origins and evolutionary history of the Australian vegetation. Here we expand on previous reviews of the origins and maintenance of the Australian flora with an emphasis on the xeromorphic component. Phylogenetic evidence supports fossil evidence for evolution of sclerophyll and xeromorphic vegetation from the Eocene with lineages becoming more common in the Oligocene and Miocene, a time of major change in climate and vegetation in Australia. Phylogenetic evidence supports the mesic biome as ancestral to the arid zone biome in Australia in phylogenies of key groups. The ersification and radiation of Australian species shows single origins of xeromorphic group mainly at deeper levels in phylogenies as well as multiple origins of arid occurring species at shallower levels. Divergence across the Nullarbor is also evident and speciation rates in south-western Australia were higher than in the south-east in several plant families. Estimates of timing of ersification generally show either constant rates of ersification or increased ersification from the mid to late Miocene. Phylogeographic studies consistently demonstrate high localised genetic ersity and geographic structure in xeromorphic species occupying both mesic and arid biomes.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 28-04-2021
DOI: 10.1002/TAX.12495
Abstract: Eremophila is a significant component of the Australian arid zone flora, but its generic limits and relationships to the other six genera of tribe Myoporeae remain largely untested. In this study, we assembled a dataset of the nuclear ribosomal cistron (ca. 6000 bases including ITS1+2, ETS regions, non‐transcribed spacer and associated genes) for all genera in tribe Myoporeae with a particular focus on Eremophila (205 of total 233 formally described species of Eremophila , and 28 species of related genera s led). Phylogenetic analyses were performed using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference methods. These resolved four major clades that were well supported. Eremophila was paraphyletic, with all other genera of tribe Myoporeae nested in it. We discuss two taxonomic options for addressing the paraphyly of Eremophila . As an immediate step, we propose that the small genera, Cal horeus and Diocirea , should be placed in synonymy under Eremophila , and herein make the necessary new nomenclatural combinations. Additional phylogenetic data are needed, ideally in the form of multiple independent nuclear loci, to clarify the positions of Bontia , Glycocystis and Myoporum relative to Eremophila before further taxonomic changes are proposed.
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.1071/SBV29N6_ED
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 31-08-2013
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-04-2019
DOI: 10.1111/CLA.12381
Abstract: We present the largest comparative biogeographical analysis that has complete coverage of Australia's geography (20 phytogeographical subregions), using the most complete published molecular phylogenies to date of large Australian plant clades ( Acacia , Banksia and the eucalypts). Two distinct sets of areas within the Australian flora were recovered, using distributional data from the Australasian Virtual Herbarium ( AVH ) and the Atlas of Living Australia ( ALA ): younger Temperate, Eremaean and Monsoonal biomes, and older southwest + west, southeast and northern historical biogeographical regions. The analyses showed that by partitioning the data into two sets, using either a Majority or a Frequency method to select taxon distributions, two equally valid results were found. The dataset that used a Frequency method discovered general area cladograms that resolved patterns of the Australian biomes, whereas if widespread taxa (Majority method, with % of occurrences outside a single subregion) were removed the analysis then recovered historical biogeographical regions. The study highlights the need for caution when processing taxon distributions prior to analysis as, in the case of the history of Australian phytogeography, the validity of both biomes and historical areas have been called into question.
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2000
DOI: 10.1071/SB99027
Abstract: Three regions of chloroplast DNA are assessed for their utility for phylogenetic analysis of Acacia subgenus Phyllodineae: psbA–trnH intergenic spacer, the trnL intron and the trnL–trnF intergenic spacer. There are large differences in the lengths of the psbA–trnH spacer (155–440 bp) and trnL–trnF intergenic spacer (101–422 bp) regions, and large multi-residue indels were coded as multistate characters. Overall information content in these regions is relatively low, but the total evidence tree has 12 nodes resolved, five with jackknife support. By using Parkia timoriana as the outgroup, Acacia subgenus Acacia (A. farnesiana) is basal and Acacia subgenus Aculeiferum (A. senegal) is the sister taxon to subgenus Phyllodineae. Although based on a small s le size, within subgenus Phyllodineae, the results of this study have shown that section Alatae is not monophyletic, section Lycopodiifoliae is monophyletic and Botrycephalae is related to members of section Phyllodineae with racemose inflorescences.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 26-12-2011
Abstract: Although temporal calibration is widely recognized as critical for obtaining accurate ergence-time estimates using molecular dating methods, few studies have evaluated the variation resulting from different calibration strategies. Depending on the information available, researchers have often used primary calibrations from the fossil record or secondary calibrations from previous molecular dating studies. In analyses of flowering plants, primary calibration data can be obtained from macro- and mesofossils (e.g., leaves, flowers, and fruits) or microfossils (e.g., pollen). Fossil data can vary substantially in accuracy and precision, presenting a difficult choice when selecting appropriate calibrations. Here, we test the impact of eight plausible calibration scenarios for Nothofagus (Nothofagaceae, Fagales), a plant genus with a particularly rich and well-studied fossil record. To do so, we reviewed the phylogenetic placement and geochronology of 38 fossil taxa of Nothofagus and other Fagales, and we identified minimum age constraints for up to 18 nodes of the phylogeny of Fagales. Molecular dating analyses were conducted for each scenario using maximum likelihood (RAxML + r8s) and Bayesian (BEAST) approaches on sequence data from six regions of the chloroplast and nuclear genomes. Using either ingroup or outgroup constraints, or both, led to similar age estimates, except near strongly influential calibration nodes. Using "early but risky" fossil constraints in addition to "safe but late" constraints, or using assumptions of vicariance instead of fossil constraints, led to older age estimates. In contrast, using secondary calibration points yielded drastically younger age estimates. This empirical study highlights the critical influence of calibration on molecular dating analyses. Even in a best-case situation, with many thoroughly vetted fossils available, substantial uncertainties can remain in the estimates of ergence times. For ex le, our estimates for the crown group age of Nothofagus varied from 13 to 113 Ma across our full range of calibration scenarios. We suggest that increased background research should be made at all stages of the calibration process to reduce errors wherever possible, from verifying the geochronological data on the fossils to critical reassessment of their phylogenetic position.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-2020
DOI: 10.1002/TAX.12305
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Date: 17-02-2023
Abstract: Early natural historians—Comte de Buffon, von Humboldt, and De Candolle—established environment and geography as two principal axes determining the distribution of groups of organisms, laying the foundations for biogeography over the subsequent 200 years, yet the relative importance of these two axes remains unresolved. Leveraging phylogenomic and global species distribution data for Mimosoid legumes, a pantropical plant clade of c. 3500 species, we show that the water availability gradient from deserts to rain forests dictates turnover of lineages within continents across the tropics. We demonstrate that 95% of speciation occurs within a precipitation niche, showing profound phylogenetic niche conservatism, and that lineage turnover boundaries coincide with isohyets of precipitation. We reveal similar patterns on different continents, implying that evolution and dispersal follow universal processes.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 11-2006
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2006
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2005
DOI: 10.1071/SB04052
Abstract: Acacia verniciflua A.Cunn. and A. leprosa Sieber ex DC. are believed to be closely related, although strict interpretation of the current sectional classification of subgenus Phyllodineae places them in separate sections based on main nerve number. Six populations, comprised of the common and the southern variants of A. verniciflua and the large phyllode variant of A. leprosa, were s led to test the value of nerve number as a taxonomic character and the current delimitation of these geographically variable species. Morphometrics, microscopy and the AFLP technique were used to compare and contrast populations. Phyllode nerve development was investigated and the abaxial nerve was found to be homologous with the mid-rib of a simple leaf. Three taxa were differentiated, two that are consistently two-nerved and one taxon that is variably one-nerved, two-nerved or both within a single plant. The first two-nerved taxon, characterised by smaller phyllodes, matches the type specimen of A. verniciflua. The second two-nerved taxon, characterised by large phyllodes, is apparently endemic to Mt William. The third taxon, with variable main nerve number, also has large phyllodes, and combines large phyllode variant A. leprosa (Wilhelmina Falls) and southern variant A. verniciflua (Kinglake) in iduals. The number of main nerves per face in phyllodes is not a useful taxonomic character for sectional classification of Acacia. Although it has clearly proved functional in some instances, the character appears too variable to reliably define natural monophyletic groups. Anatomical features such as cell number of resinous glands and staining patterns proved to be informative.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-2015
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 23-02-2011
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2014
DOI: 10.1071/BT13209
Abstract: The Kimberley region of Western Australia is recognised for its high bio ersity and many endemic species, including the charismatic boab tree, Adansonia gregorii F.Muell. (Malvaceae: Bombacoideae). In order to assess the effects of biogeographic barriers on A. gregorii, we examined the genetic ersity and population structure of the tree species across its range in the Kimberley and adjacent areas to the east. Genetic variation at six microsatellite loci in 220 in iduals from the entire species range was examined. Five weakly ergent populations, separated by west–east and coast–inland ides, were distinguished using spatial principal components analysis. However, the predominant pattern was low geographic structure and high gene flow. Coalescent analysis detected a population bottleneck and significant gene flow across these inferred biogeographic ides. Climate cycles and coastline changes following the last glacial maximum are implicated in decreases in ancient A. gregorii population size. Of all the potential gene flow vectors, various macropod species and humans are the most likely.
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2014
DOI: 10.1071/SB14028
Abstract: Taxonomic uncertainty exists regarding the circumscription of the following seven phenotypically similar Australian species: Poa crassicaudex Vickery, P. hookeri Vickery, P. labillardierei Steud., P. phillipsiana Vickery, P. poiformis (Labill.) Druce, P. porphyroclados Nees (including P. serpentum Nees) and P. sieberiana Spreng. Multivariate ordination and clustering analyses of morphological data were conducted and the distribution of morphological ersity among taxa was assessed for congruence with current taxonomic boundaries. One-way analyses of variance and Tukey’s honest significant difference tests were applied to identify continuous characters that differentiate taxa. Utility of morphological characters was assessed in light of the distribution of variation among and within taxa. Revisions of P. labillardierei, P. porphyroclados and P. sieberiana circumscriptions are proposed. Accounting for nomenclatural priority, proposed revisions include recognition of P. porphyroclados vars. acris, labillardierei, porphyroclados, and. serpentum, P. sieberiana var. cyanophylla Vickery at species rank, and P. phillipsiana at varietal rank within P. sieberiana. Species boundaries are supported by leaf, culm, panicle, spikelet and floret dimensions. The present study enables increased accuracy in taxonomic identifications for Poa species that are keystones in a range of grassland vegetation types, including critically endangered natural temperate grassland and eucalypt woody grassland ecosystems, therefore contributing to the effective bio ersity monitoring and management of these ecosystems.
Publisher: Magnolia Press
Date: 28-02-2013
DOI: 10.11646/ZOOTAXA.3619.3.4
Abstract: The large number, definition, varied application and validity of named Australian biogeographical regions reflect their ad hoc development via disparate methods or case study idiosyncracies. They do not represent a coherent system. In order to resolve these uncertainties an Australian Bioregionalisation Atlas is proposed as a provisional hierarchical classification, accounting for all known named areas. This provisional area taxonomy includes a diagnosis, description, type locality and map for each named area within the Australian continent, as well as a first-ever area synonymy. Akin to biological clas-sifications, this Atlas seeks to provision universality, objectivity and stability, such that biogeographers, macroecologists and geographers, can test existing areas as well as proposing novel areas. With such a formalised and comparative system in place, practitioners can analyse the definition and relationships of biotic areas, and putatively minimise ad hoc expla-nations.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-2004
Publisher: CRC Press
Date: 06-01-2017
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2007
DOI: 10.1071/SB06026
Abstract: Morphological variation in Acacia victoriae, a species widespread in arid and semi-arid regions of Australia, was analysed by phenetic methods of classification and ordination. Three morphological groups were identified on the basis of phyllode characters and are treated as subspecies. Populations with short, elliptic and tomentose phyllodes are confirmed as A. victoriae subsp. arida Pedley this form occurs mainly in central Australia. Populations with linear to oblong, non-tomentose phyllodes are referred to subsp. victoriae this subspecies is the most variable and widely distributed across Australia. Populations with very long, narrow phyllodes, distributed in northern Australia from the Kimberley to Queensland, are described as fasciaria subsp. nov. A small number of non-tomentose specimens with broad elliptic phyllodes from central Australia require further assessment. Thirteen accessions previously sequenced for internal spacer regions and external spacer regions of ribosomal nuclear DNA showed genetic ergence. Six accessions of subsp. fasciaria formed a clade in a parsimony analysis, confirming that the long phyllode form is genetically distinct.
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 30-10-2017
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-08-2011
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 04-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2016
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-08-2011
Publisher: Magnolia Press
Date: 25-05-2015
DOI: 10.11646/PHYTOTAXA.208.4.2
Abstract: The phytogeographical regions and sub-regions of Australia are revised in light of new data from a recent analysis by González-Orozco, Ebach et al. (2014). The new revision includes two new regions, Northern regio nova and Northern Desert regio nova, and five new sub-regions, Nullarbor sub-regio nova, Central Desert sub-regio nova, Great Sandy Desert Interzone sub-regio nova, Central Queensland sub-regio nova and, Southwestern sub-regio nova. This new revised version of the phytogeographical regions and sub-regions of Australia’s land plants provides an updated classification based on historical nomenclature. The analysis by González-Orozco, Ebach et al. (2014) is a biogeographically centered classification that generated the first exclusively taxonomic regionalisation of Australia’s land plants, used here to update the ABA phytogeographical regions.
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2018
DOI: 10.1071/SB16052
Abstract: Proteaceae subfamily Persoonioideae, as presently circumscribed, consists of the monogeneric tribe Placospermeae (Placospermum) and the tribe Persoonieae. The latter comprises the erse genus Persoonia and monospecific genera found in New Zealand (Toronia), New Caledonia (Garnieria) and south-western Western Australia (Acidonia). Persoonia has 101 species distributed across Australia and has been classified into 11 informal groups. Using data derived from plastid DNA (trnL–trnF region), nuclear rDNA (ITS) and morphological characters, we constructed a phylogeny of Persoonioideae and compared the results to the existing classification. Bayesian and parsimony analyses indicated that Persoonia, as currently defined, is non-monophyletic. The molecular data and combined molecular and morphological data place Toronia in a moderately well supported clade with the monophyletic Rufiflora group of Persoonia from Western Australia. This clade is sister to Acidonia, Garnieria and the remaining Persoonia species. Of the other informal groups in Persoonia, the Teretifolia, Quinquenervis, Laurina, Arborea, Graminea and Chapmaniana groups are supported as monophyletic. The Lanceolata group can be re-circumscribed to be monophyletic by the addition of P. elliptica R.Br. (Longifolia group) and the Dillwynioides group. Relationships within this large, geographically widespread clade are largely unresolved and low DNA-sequence variation within it suggests a recent radiation followed by isolation in south-western and eastern Australia. All endemic Tasmanian Persoonia (Gunnii group taxa) are unresolved at the second-most basal node of the Persoonieae. Our results suggest that the Rufiflora group should be treated as a new genus and that the infrageneric taxonomy of Persoonia requires minor amendment.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-01-2015
DOI: 10.1007/S00442-014-3215-0
Abstract: Plant associations with protective ants are widespread among angiosperms, but carry the risk that ants will deter pollinators as well as herbivores. Such conflict, and adaptations to ameliorate or prevent the conflict, have been documented in African and neotropical acacias. Ant-acacia associations occur in Australia, but little is known of their ecology. Moreover, recent phylogenetic evidence indicates that Australian acacias are only distantly related to African and American acacias, providing an intercontinental natural experiment in the management of ant-pollinator conflict. We examined four populations of Acacia myrtifolia over a 400-km environmental gradient in southeastern Australia using ant and pollinator exclusion as well as direct observation of ants and pollinators to assess the potential for ant-pollinator conflict to affect seed set. Native bees were the only group of floral visitors whose visitation rates were a significant predictor of fruiting success, although beetles and wasps may play an important role as "insurance" pollinators. We found no increase in pollinator visitation or fruiting success following ant exclusion, even with large s le sizes and effective exclusion. Because ants are facultative visitors to A. myrtifolia plants, their presence may be insufficient to interfere greatly with floral visitors. It is also likely that the morphological location of extrafloral nectaries tends to draw ants away from reproductive parts, although we commonly observed ants on inflorescences, so the spatial separation is not strict. A. myrtifolia appears to maintain a generalized mutualism over a wide geographic range without the need for elaborate adaptations to resolve ant-pollinator conflict.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 17-01-2020
DOI: 10.1111/NPH.16349
Abstract: Australia is an excellent setting to explore relationships between climate change and ersification dynamics. Aridification since the Eocene has resulted in spectacular radiations within one or more Australian biomes. Acacia is the largest plant genus on the Australian continent, with around 1000 species, and is present in all biomes. We investigated the macroevolutionary dynamics of Acacia within climate space. We analysed phylogenetic and climatic data for 503 Acacia species to estimate a time-calibrated phylogeny and central climatic tendencies for BioClim layers from 132 000 herbarium specimens. Diversification rate heterogeneity and rates of climate space exploration were tested. We inferred two ersification rate increases, both associated with significantly higher rates of climate space exploration. Observed spikes in climate disparity within the Pleistocene correspond with onset of Pleistocene glacial-interglacial cycling. Positive time dependency in environmental disparity applies in the basal grade of Acacia, though climate space exploration rates were lower. Incongruence between rates of climate space exploration and disparity suggests different Acacia lineages have experienced different macroevolutionary processes. The second ersification rate increase is associated with a south-east Australian mesic lineage, suggesting adaptations to progressively aridifying environments and ability to transition into mesic environments contributed to Acacia's dominance across Australia.
No related grants have been discovered for Van Thuan Hoang.