ORCID Profile
0000-0002-8611-8944
Current Organisations
University of Milan
,
Università degli Studi di Milano
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Physical Oceanography | Glaciology | Climate Change Processes | Oceanography
Effects of Climate Change and Variability on Antarctic and Sub-Antarctic Environments (excl. Social Impacts) | Expanding Knowledge in the Environmental Sciences | Expanding Knowledge in the Earth Sciences |
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.RVSC.2014.07.010
Abstract: Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is a negative acute phase protein bound to high density lipoproteins (HDL) and during the acute phase response (APR) protects HDL from peroxidation. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between PON1 and HDL in canine babesiosis, a disease characterized by oxidative damages and by an APR. PON1, HDL and C-reactive protein (CRP), were measured in blood collected from 15 controls and 29 dogs with babesiosis s led at admission, and on days 1 and 7 after treatment. At admission, PON1 and HDL were significantly lower in affected dogs. HDL concentration increased at day 1 while PON1 increased and CRP decreased at day 7. This suggests that the decrease of PON1 at admission is in part due to an increased consumption, the decreased HDL may depend on lipid peroxidation and its rapid increase after treatment may depend on the antioxidant activity of PON1.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.RVSC.2017.02.007
Abstract: High density lipoproteins (HDLs) are pivotal in innate immunity and decrease in serum during inflammation. Several studies have been done about lipoprotein changes in transition cows but little is known about their changes in newborn calves. The aim of this study is to provide information about HDLs in newborn calves, by defining the possible age-related changes in healthy calves compared with adults and by assessing the possible differences in calves with inflammation. Lipoprotein electrophoretic separation (reported as percentages) and colorimetric measurement of HDL (HDL-C) were performed on healthy cows and calves in order to identify possible differences in the lipoprotein profile due to the age. Then, age-matched calves with inflammatory conditions were also evaluated. Results showed that in calves HDL% and VLDL% were lower (mean values±SD: 77.6%±8.6% and 2.6%±2.5%, respectively) and LDL% was higher (19.7%±7.4%) than in adults (89.0%±3.9% 5.2±2.1% and 5.8%±3.1%, respectively). Sick calves revealed a decrease of both HDL% (mean values ± SD: 61.0%±22.1%) and HDL-C (22.8±11.6mg/dL) and an increase of VLDL% (12.1% ±13.1%) compared with controls (77.6%±8.6% 41.5±11.2mg/dL and 2.6%±2.5%, respectively). Paraoxonase-1 activity, influenced by inflammation and oxidation, was measured, and it appeared correlated with HDL% and HDL-C in sick calves. In conclusion, this study revealed that HDLs concentration in healthy calves is lower than in adults, and further decreases in calves with inflammation, likely due to oxidation.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-2008
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.RVSC.2014.11.011
Abstract: In order to assess whether the concentration of high density lipoproteins (HDLs) changes in leishmaniotic dogs before and after treatment, HDL cholesterol (HDL-Chol and HDL%), C reactive protein (CRP) and activity of the antioxidant enzyme paraoxonase (PON-1) were measured in sera from 10 controls and 10 leishmaniotic dogs. Seven of these latter were s led also 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after treatment with antimonials and allopurinol. HDL-chol, and PON-1 were low in leishmaniotic dogs at admission and increased after treatment. HDL-chol and HDL% correlated positively with PON-1 and negatively with CRP suggesting that HDLs decrease through an oxidative mechanism. Therefore, HDLs may be used to monitor the magnitude of oxidation associated with inflammation in leishmaniotic dogs.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-2013
DOI: 10.1136/VR.101171
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2014
Publisher: American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)
Date: 10-2016
Abstract: OBJECTIVE To assess sensitivity and specificity of manual and automated measurements of reticulocyte percentage, number, and production index for classification of anemia in dogs. DESIGN Retrospective case series SAMPLE 174 blood smears from client-owned dogs with anemia collected between 1993 and 2013 for which reticulocyte parameters were determined manually (nonregenerative anemia, 22 preregenerative anemia, 23 regenerative anemia, 28) or with an automated laser-based counter (nonregenerative anemia, 66 preregenerative anemia, 17 regenerative anemia, 18). PROCEDURES Diagnostic performance was evaluated with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves by considering preregenerative anemia as nonregenerative or regenerative. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive likelihood ratio were calculated by use of cutoffs determined from ROC curves or published reference limits. RESULTS Considering preregenerative anemia as non regenerative, areas under the curve (AUCs) for reticulocyte percentage, number, and production index were 97%, 93%, and 91% for manual counting and 93%, 90%, and 93% for automated counting. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive likelihood ratio were 82% to 86%, 82% to 87%, and 4.6 to 6.4, respectively. Considering preregenerative anemia as regenerative, AUCs were 77%, 82%, and 80% for manual counting and 81%, 82%, and 92% for automated counting. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive likelihood ratio were 72% to 74%, 76 to 87%, and 2.7 to 6.2, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Whereas all reticulocyte parameters identified regeneration in anemic dogs, the performance of specific parameters was dependent on the method used. Findings suggested that lower cutoffs than published reference limits are preferred for reticulocyte number and production index and higher cutoffs are preferred for reticulocyte percentage. Reticulocyte production index may be useful when the pretest probability of regeneration is moderate.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.TVJL.2013.01.034
Abstract: Early detection of inflammation in neonatal calves allows early intervention, which may reduce mortality. Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) is a negative acute phase protein in humans. The aims of this study were to investigate age-related variability in serum PON1 activity and its clinical usefulness in neonatal calves. In healthy calves (n=9), PON1 activity increased with age from 2 to 21 days of age. There was no significant increase in PON1 activity in healthy calves from days 21 to 120 (n=15), but PON1 activity was significantly higher in adult cattle (n=45). In sick calves, serum PON1 was significantly lower in calves 28- to 120-days-old with respiratory disease (n=8) in comparison with age matched controls (n=20 and n=15, respectively). These results support the role of PON1 as a negative acute phase protein in cattle.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 17-08-2020
Abstract: Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is an inflammation marker associated with lipid oxidation and is used as a diagnostic marker in people. There is no information about the suitable substrate and analytic performance in cats, or its biological behavior compared with other inflammation markers. Our aims were to validate a paraoxon-based method to measure PON1 activity in feline serum, to assess stability of PON1 under different storage conditions and the impact of interfering elements, to determine a reference interval (RI) for healthy cats, and to correlate PON1 activity with 2 major acute-phase proteins. Intra- and inter-assay precision, accuracy, and RI were assessed using fresh serum. The same specimens were stored at room temperature, refrigerated, or frozen, and retested at defined intervals. Hemolysis, lipemia, and icterus were simulated to study interferences. PON1 results were compared to serum amyloid A (SAA) and alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) results. Analytical validation yielded precise and accurate results. PON1 activity is stable for up to 24 h at room temperature and up to 48 h at 4°C. Freezing at −20°C results in an increase after 72 h, with return to baseline values after 1 wk, that again increases after 6 mo. Only hyperlipemia interfered with PON1 activity. The RI based on 71 healthy cats was 58–154 U/L. PON1 activity was negatively correlated with AGP, but not with SAA. Serum PON1 activity can be measured accurately in cats, and it acts as a negative acute-phase protein.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.TVJL.2013.10.007
Abstract: This study was designed to determine if the activity of paraoxonase (PON1), an antioxidant enzyme that works as a negative acute phase reactant, is a better predictor for the clinical recovery of leishmaniotic dogs receiving standard treatments compared with inflammatory markers such as C reactive protein (CRP) and electrophoretic fractions. For this purpose we tested 20 healthy dogs (controls) and 39 leishmaniotic dogs classified as sick (group A, n=23) or severely sick (group B, n=16) and tested at admission and after 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 days. At admission, CRP and electrophoresis were altered in both groups, while PON1 activity was abnormal only in group B. There were no differences related to the outcome (mortality, complications or time of recovery). PON1 activity normalized in about 2 weeks in dogs that had abnormal values at admission and a final positive outcome CRP normalized in 4-6 weeks and electrophoretic fractions were still altered after 6 weeks. The results show that, at admission, inflammatory markers did not predict the outcome of leishmaniasis. PON1 activity decreased only in some dogs with systemic inflammation but not in those with mild leishmaniasis: when decreased, PON1 normalized earlier than other markers in dogs that responded to treatment. This finding most likely depends on the rapid decrease in oxidative phenomena. PON1 activity should therefore be tested on admission: if low values are recorded, severe inflammation may be suspected and PON1 measurement may be repeated during treatment to early identify responsive dogs.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.TVJL.2013.06.022
Abstract: This study was aimed at determining the serum concentration of homocysteine (Hcy) and big endothelin-1 (big ET-1, the precursor of endothelin) in dogs with chronic kidney disease (CKD) with and without hypertension, proteinuria and inflammation, in order to explore their role as biomarkers of hypertension associated with CKD. Hcy and big ET-1 were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and an enzymatic cyclic reaction, respectively, in dogs with CKD staged, as proposed by the International Renal Interest Society (IRIS), using serum creatinine, urinary protein to creatinine (UPC) ratio and systolic blood pressure, and classified as affected or not by inflammation based on the serum concentration of C-reactive protein (CRP). Serum Hcy was significantly higher in dogs of IRIS stages II, III and IV compared with controls and in proteinuric compared with non-proteinuric dogs. No differences relating to the degree of hypertension or to the CRP concentration were found. Serum big ET-1 significantly increased in dogs of IRIS stage IV compared with controls, in proteinuric compared with non-proteinuric dogs, in dogs with severe hypertension compared with those without hypertension, and in dogs with increased CRP compared to those with normal CRP concentrations. Hcy only correlated with serum creatinine but big ET-1 significantly correlated with serum creatinine, UPC ratio, systolic blood pressure, and increased CRP. In conclusion, both Hcy and big ET-1 increase in dogs with CKD. Although further research is needed, big ET-1, but not Hcy, may also be considered as a biomarker of hypertension.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 14-08-2013
DOI: 10.1111/VCP.12073
Abstract: Serum activity of paraoxonase (PON1) decreases during inflammation in many species. Little information is available on paraoxon-based tests and the possible role of PON1 in dogs. The objectives of the study were to validate an automated paraoxon-based assay to measure PON1 activity in canine serum, to determine its stability under different storage conditions, to determine a reference interval (RI) in healthy dogs, and to assess whether PON1 is of comparable diagnostic value as C-reactive protein (CRP) and α2-globulins. Intra-assay and inter-assay imprecision, linearity under dilution (LUD), interference, and storage artifacts were evaluated. A PON1 RI was determined for healthy dogs, and PON1 activity, sensitivity, and specificity were compared with CRP and α2-globulins. Intra- and inter-assay CVs were below 1.6% and 7.8%, respectively. The LUD test fitted the linear model. PON1 activity measurements were increased after addition of hemolysates and lipids, and after storage for 12 hours at room temperature, 72 hours at 4°C, and 6 months at -20°C. PON1 activity and CRP or α2-globulins did not correlate well. PON1 activity decreased significantly only in dogs with very high CRP concentrations. In contrast to CRP and α2-globulins, PON1 activity was not significantly different between dogs with and without inflammation. The automated paraoxon-based method to assess serum canine PON1 activity was accurate and precise, but it was influenced by hemolysis, lipemia, and standard storage conditions. In this study, contrarily to CRP and α2-globulins, PON1 activity did not provide diagnostic value as a negative acute phase protein in dogs.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-04-2015
DOI: 10.1111/VCP.12241
Start Date: 08-2021
End Date: 12-2027
Amount: $20,000,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
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