ORCID Profile
0000-0001-5300-4716
Current Organisation
Monash University
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Research Topics
In Research Link Australia (RLA), "Research Topics" refer to ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes. These topics are either sourced from ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes listed in researchers' related grants or generated by a large language model (LLM) based on their publications.
Top 5 Research Topics
ANZSRC Field of Research (FoR)
Groundwater Hydrology | Geochemistry | Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience | Environmental Management | Hydrogeology | Isotope Geochemistry | Geochronology And Isotope Geochemistry | Surfacewater Hydrology | Soil Sciences | Civil Engineering | Inorganic Geochemistry Not Elsewhere Classified | Marine and Estuarine Ecology (incl. Marine Ichthyology) | Water Resources Engineering | Surfacewater Hydrology | Quaternary Environments | Environmental Technologies | Climatology (Incl. Palaeoclimatology) | Environmental Chemistry (Incl. Atmospheric Chemistry) | Ecology | Spatial Information Systems | Environmental Management And Rehabilitation | Other Chemical Sciences | Environmental Chemistry (incl. Atmospheric Chemistry) | Conservation and Biodiversity | Soil And Water Sciences Not Elsewhere Classified | Analytical Chemistry | Analytical Spectrometry | Environmental Science and Management | Social And Community Psychology | Environmental Engineering Modelling | Soil Biology | Soil Chemistry | Hydrology | Land Capability And Soil Degradation | Geomatic Engineering | Geomorphology and Regolith and Landscape Evolution | Surface water hydrology | Microbial Ecology | Contaminant hydrology | Groundwater hydrology | Water And Sanitary Engineering | Fertilisers And Agrochemicals (Application Etc.)
ANZSRC Socio-Economic Objective (SEO)
Earth sciences | Physical and Chemical Conditions of Water in Fresh, Ground and Surface Water Environments (excl. Urban and Industrial Use) | Land and water management | Land and water management | Climate change | Ecosystem Assessment and Management of Coastal and Estuarine Environments | Land and water management | Ecosystem Assessment and Management of Fresh, Ground and Surface Water Environments | Effects of Climate Change and Variability on Australia (excl. Social Impacts) | Expanding Knowledge in the Environmental Sciences | Expanding Knowledge in the Earth Sciences | Coastal and Estuarine Flora, Fauna and Biodiversity | Field crops | Soils not elsewhere classified | Biological sciences | Physical sciences | Physical and Chemical Conditions of Water in Marine Environments | Land and water management | Oceanic processes (excl. climate related) | Physical and Chemical Conditions of Water in Coastal and Estuarine Environments | Pasture, browse and fodder crops | Farmland, Arable Cropland and Permanent Cropland Flora, Fauna and Biodiversity | Fresh, Ground and Surface Water Flora, Fauna and Biodiversity | Coastal and Estuarine Land Management | Prevention and treatment of pollution | Land and water management | Land and Water Management of environments not elsewhere classified | Water Allocation and Quantification | Rehabilitation of Degraded Fresh, Ground and Surface Water Environments | Land and water management | Agricultural chemicals | Physical and chemical conditions | Forest and Woodlands Soils | Environmental health |
Related Links
Publications
Review of "Hydrograph separation: an impartial parametrization for an imperfect method"
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 12-12-2019
Using multiple methods to understand groundwater recharge in a semi-arid area
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 14-04-2020
Abstract: Abstract. Understanding recharge in semi-arid areas is important for the sustainable management of groundwater resources. This study focuses on estimating groundwater recharge rates and understanding the impacts of land-use changes on recharge in a semi-arid area. Two adjacent catchments in southeast Australia were cleared ~180 years ago following European settlement in one of these catchments eucalypt plantation forest was subsequently established ~ 20 years ago. Chloride mass balance yields recharge rates of 0.2 to 61.6 mm yr−1 (typically up to 11.2 mm yr−1). The lower of these values probably represent recharge rates prior to land clearing, whereas the higher likely reflects recharge rates following initial land clearing. The low pre-land clearing recharge rates are consistent with the presence of groundwater that has residence times that are up to 24,700 years (calculated using radiocarbon) and the moderate to low hydraulic conductivities (0.31 to 0.002 m day−1) of the clay-rich aquifers. Recharge rates estimated from tritium activities and water table fluctuations reflect those following the initial land clearing. However, recharge rates estimated using water table fluctuations (15 to 500 mm yr−1) are significantly higher than those estimated using tritium renewal rates (0.01 to 89 mm yr−1 typically
Plutonic lithics in ignimbrites of Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand; sources and conditions of crystallisation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-1998
Petrology, geochronology, and tectonics of shear zones in the Zermatt–Saas and Combin zones of the Western Alps
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-2002
Stable isotopic evidence for fluid infiltration during contact metamorphism in a multiply‐metamorphosed terrane: the Reynolds Range, Arunta Block, central Australia
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-1998
Controls on 87Sr/86Sr ratios of groundwater in silicate-dominated aquifers: SE Murray Basin, Australia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2007
Mean transit times help understand the volume of catchment water required to sustain streamflow in contrasting southeast Australian rivers
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 27-03-2022
DOI: 10.5194/EGUSPHERE-EGU22-3350
Abstract: & & Streams may be connected to a large store of water, such as regional groundwater, and/or sustained by smaller near-river stores (such as riparian groundwater). Documenting the sources of water in streams is important for understanding catchment water balances, protecting riverine environments from pollution, and predicting the efforts of near-river pumping. Additionally, streams connected to large water stores will be buffered against the impacts of short-term climate variability (such as droughts that last a few years). Many techniques that document groundwater-stream water interaction allow the location and fluxes of baseflow to be determined but do not constrain from where in the catchment the baseflow is derived. The mean transit time (MTT) represents the time taken for water to migrate from where it is recharged in the catchment to where it discharges into the stream. Estimating the MTTs of stream water allows the volume (V) of the water store that sustains streamflow (Q) to be estimated (V=Q& #215 MTT). This study compares the water stores sustaining streamflow in contrasting rivers in southeast Australia based on tritium MTTs calculated using lumped parameter models. Perennial streams (Oven, Yarra, Latrobe, and Gellibrand Catchments) have long MTTs (4 to 179 years) that are higher at low streamflows. By contrast, the MTTs of similar size intermittent streams (Deep Creek, Wimmera, and Gatum Catchments) range from & to 35 years (and are mostly less than 20 years). The estimated volumes of the catchment contributing to streamflow are 3 to 5 orders of magnitude smaller than those in comparable perennial streams. These differences reflect the limited connection between the intermittent streams and the deeper regional groundwater system compared with the perennial streams, especially at low flows. Rather, intermittent streams may be sustained mainly by smaller younger reservoirs in the riparian zone. These intermittent streams will be more susceptible to short-term climate variabilities and changes to flow regimes may have significant impacts on water supplies and the health of the riverine system. Intermittent streams are globally distributed in a range of environments, especially in semi-arid areas. Climate change and water stress have resulted in many perennial streams gradually becoming intermittent and this trend is expected to increase. In southeast Australia, around 30% of catchments have not recovered following multiple drought years between 1996 and 2010 (the Millennium Drought), and streamflow has kept declining. The increased intermittence fundamentally changes the catchment water balance, specifically making regional groundwater less important, and increases the reliance of these streams on more vulnerable small young water stores.& &
Evolution of the Scourian complex
Publisher: Geological Society of London
Date: 1989
Concentration versus streamflow trends of major ions and tritium in headwater streams as indicators of changing water stores
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-2019
DOI: 10.1002/HYP.13600
Using geochemistry to discern the patterns and timescales of groundwater recharge and mixing on floodplains in semi-arid regions
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2019
Explaining changes in rainfall-runoff relationships during and after Australia's Millennium Drought: a community perspective
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 20-04-2022
Abstract: Abstract. The Millennium Drought lasted more than a decade, and is notable for causing persistent shifts in the relationship between rainfall and runoff in many south-east Australian catchments. Research to date has successfully characterised where and when shifts occurred and explored relationships with potential drivers, but a convincing physical explanation for observed changes in catchment behaviour is still lacking. Originating from a large multi-disciplinary workshop, this paper presents a range of possible process explanations of flow response, and then evaluates these hypotheses against available evidence. The hypotheses consider climatic forcing, vegetation, soil moisture dynamics, groundwater, and anthropogenic influence. The hypotheses are assessed against evidence both temporally (eg. why was the Millennium Drought different to previous droughts?) and spatially (eg. why did rainfall-runoff relationships shift in some catchments but not in others?). The results point to the unprecedented length of the drought as the primary climatic driver, paired with interrelated groundwater processes, including: declines in groundwater storage, reduced recharge associated with vadose zone expansion, and reduced connection between subsurface and surface water processes. Other causes include increased evaporative demand and interception of runoff by small private dams. Finally, we discuss the need for long-term field monitoring, particularly targeting internal catchment processes and subsurface dynamics. We recommend continued investment in understanding of hydrological shifts, particularly given their relevance to water planning under climate variability and change.
Supplementary material to "Examining the spatial and temporal variation of groundwater inflows to a valley-to-floodplain river using <sup>222</sup>Rn, geochemistry
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 24-04-2013
Fluid Flow During Contact Metamorphism at Mary Kathleen, Queensland, Australia
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 12-1994
Geochemical and 222Rn constraints on baseflow to the Murray River, Australia, and timescales for the decay of low-salinity groundwater lenses
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2011
Physical hydrogeology and environmental isotopes to constrain the age, origins, and stability of a low-salinity groundwater lens formed by periodic river recharge: Murray Basin, Australia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2010
Transit times from rainfall to baseflow in headwater catchments estimated using tritium: the Ovens River, Australia
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 11-06-2015
DOI: 10.5194/HESSD-12-5427-2015
Abstract: Abstract. Headwater streams contribute a significant proportion of the total flow to many river systems, especially during summer low-flow periods. However, despite their importance, the time taken for water to travel through headwater catchments and into the streams (the transit time) is poorly constrained. Here, 3H activities of stream water are used to define transit times of water contributing to streams from the upper reaches of the Ovens River in southeast Australia at varying flow conditions. 3H activities of the stream water varied from 1.63 to 2.45 TU, which are below the average 3H activity of modern local rainfall (~3 TU). The highest 3H activities were recorded following higher winter flows and the lowest 3H activities were recorded at summer low-flow conditions. Variations of major ion concentrations and 3H activities with streamflow imply that different stores of water from within the catchment (e.g. from the soil or regolith) are mobilised during rainfall events rather than there being simple dilution of an older groundwater component by event water. Mean transit times calculated using an exponential-piston flow model range between 5 and 31 years and are higher at summer low-flow conditions. Mean transit times calculated using other flow models (e.g. exponential flow or dispersion) are similar. There are broad correlations between 3H activities and the percentage of rainfall exported from each catchment and between 3H activities and Na and Cl concentrations that allow first-order estimates of mean transit times in adjacent catchments or at different times in these catchments to be made. Water from the upper Ovens River has similar mean transit times to the headwater streams implying there is no significant input of old water from the alluvial gravels. The observation that the water contributing to the headwater streams in the Ovens catchment has a mean transit time of years to decades implies that these streams are buffered against rainfall variations on timescales of a few years. However, impacts of any changes to landuse in these catchments may take years to decades to manifest itself in changes to streamflow or water quality.
Chloride imbalance in a catchment undergoing hydrological change: Upper Barwon River, southeast Australia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2013
Climatic and lithologic controls on the temporal and spatial variability of CO2 consumption via chemical weathering: An example from the Australian Victorian Alps
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2009
Granulite facies metamorphism in the Mallee Bore area, northern Harts Range: implications for the thermal evolution of the eastern Arunta Inlier, central Australia
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-1997
The flow of surface‐derived fluids through Alice Springs age middle‐crustal ductile shear zones, Reynolds Range, central Australia
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-1999
Supplementary material to "Implications of variations in stream specific conductivity for estimating baseflow using chemical mass balance and calibrated hydrograph techniques"
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 23-09-2021
The link between oxygen isotope resetting, partial melting, and fluid flow in metamorphic terrains
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-1998
Ordovician high-grade metamorphism of a newly recognised late Neoproterozoic terrane in the northern Harts Range, Central Australia
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-2001
Linking evapotranspiration seasonal cycles to the water balance of headwater catchments with contrasting land uses
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-2022
DOI: 10.1002/HYP.14784
Abstract: Land use affects evapotranspiration rates and is a primary driver of the catchment water balance. The water balance of two catchments in southeastern Australia dominated by either grazed pasture or blue gum ( Eucalyptus globulus ) plantation was studied, focusing on the patterns of evapotranspiration (ET) throughout the year. Rainfall, streamflow, and groundwater levels measured between 2015 and 2019 were combined to estimate annual ET using a water balance equation. In the pasture, eddy covariance was used to measure ET from the catchment. Sap flow measurements were used to estimate tree transpiration in May 2017–May 2018 and Feb 2019–Feb 2021 in two different plots within the plantation. The tree transpiration rates were added to interception, estimated as a percentage of annual rainfall, to calculate ET from the plantation catchment. ET in the pasture showed strong seasonal cycles with very low ET rates in summer and ET rates in spring that were larger than the transpiration rates in the plantation, where trees transpired consistently throughout the year. The estimated annual ET from the water balance equation was comparable to ET estimated from other measurements. In the pasture, ET on average accounted for 88% of annual rainfall, while ET in the plantation was on average 93% of rainfall, exceeding it in the years with annual rainfall lower than about 500 mm. The difference between the ET rates in the plantation and the pasture was approximately 30–50 mm y −1 . The larger ET rates in the plantation were reflected in a gradual decrease in the groundwater storage. The larger ET rates were enough to cause a decrease in groundwater storage in the plantation but not in the pasture, where groundwater levels remained stable.
Carbon and U-Pb evidence for a Palaeoproterozoic crustal component in the Central Zone of the Limpopo Belt, South Africa
Publisher: Geological Society of London
Date: 07-2003
Groundwater discharge to wetlands driven by storm and flood events: Quantification using continuous Radon-222 and electrical conductivity measurements and dynamic mass-balance modelling
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2015
Response to referee 2
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 19-06-2020
Response to referee 1
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 19-06-2020
Combined response to reviewers
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 10-10-2016
Implications of variations in stream specific conductivity for estimating baseflow using chemical mass balance and calibrated hydrograph techniques
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 23-09-2021
Abstract: Abstract. Baseflow to rivers comprises regional groundwater and lower salinity intermediate water stores such as interflow, soil water, and bank return flows. Chemical mass balance (CMB) calculations based on the specific conductivity (SC) of rivers potentially estimates the groundwater contribution to baseflow. This study discusses the application of the CMB approach in rivers from southeast Australia and assesses the feasibility of calibrating recursive digital filters (RDF) and sliding minima (SM) techniques based on streamflow data to estimate groundwater inflows. The common strategy of assigning the SC of groundwater inflows based on the highest annual river SC may not always be valid due to the long-term presence of lower salinity intermediate waters. Rather, using the river SC from low flow periods during drought years may be more realistic. If that is the case, the estimated groundwater inflows may be lower than expected, which has implications for assessing contaminant transport and the impacts of near-river groundwater extraction. Probably due to long-term variations in the proportion of groundwater in baseflow, the RDF and SM techniques cannot generally be calibrated using the CMB results to estimate annual baseflow proportions. Thus, it is not possible to extend the estimates of groundwater inflows using those methods, although in some catchments reasonable estimates of groundwater inflows can be made from annual streamflows. Short-term variations in the composition of baseflow also leads to baseflow estimates made using the CMB method being far more irregular than expected. This study illustrates that estimating baseflow, especially groundwater inflows, is not straightforward.
Resetting of oxybarometers and oxygen isotope ratios in granulite facies orthogneisses during cooling and shearing, Adirondack Mountains, New York
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-1993
DOI: 10.1007/BF00283229
Stable isotope evidence for the origin of the Mesoproterozoic Starra Au-Cu deposit, Cloncurry District, Northwest Queensland
Publisher: Society of Economic Geologists
Date: 12-1998
Controls on elevated fluoride and arsenic concentrations in groundwater from the Yuncheng Basin, China
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2011
A high-resolution map of diffuse groundwater recharge rates for Australia
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 26-10-2023
Using tritium and other geochemical tracers to address the “old water paradox” in headwater catchments
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2018
The hydrogeology and hydrogeochemistry of the Barwon Downs Graben aquifer, southwestern Victoria, Australia
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-03-2006
Constraining groundwater recharge and the rate of geochemical processes using tritium and major ion geochemistry: Ovens catchment, southeast Australia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2012
Contrasts between chemical and physical estimates of baseflow help discern multiple sources of water contributing to rivers
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 14-05-2013
DOI: 10.5194/HESSD-10-5943-2013
Abstract: Abstract. This study compares geochemical and physical methods of estimating baseflow in the upper reaches of the Barwon River, southeast Australia. Estimates of baseflow from physical techniques such as local minima and recursive digital filters are higher than those based on chemical mass balance using continuous electrical conductivity (EC). Between 2001 and 2011 the baseflow flux calculated using chemical mass balance is between 1.8 × 103 and 1.5 × 104 ML yr−1 (15 to 25% of the total discharge in any one year) whereas recursive digital filters yield baseflow fluxes of 3.6 × 103 to 3.8 × 104 ML yr−1 (19 to 52% of discharge) and the local minimum method yields baseflow fluxes of 3.2 × 103 to 2.5 × 104 ML yr−1 (13 to 44% of discharge). These differences most probably reflect how the different techniques characterise baseflow. Physical methods probably aggregate much of the water from delayed sources as baseflow. However, as many delayed transient water stores (such as bank return flow or floodplain storage) are likely to be geochemically similar to surface runoff, chemical mass balance calculations aggregate them with the surface runoff component. The mismatch between geochemical and physical estimates is greatest following periods of high discharge in winter, implying that these transient stores of water feed the river for several weeks to months. Consistent with these interpretations, modelling of bank storage indicates that bank return flows provide water to the river for several weeks after flood events. EC vs. discharge variations during in idual flow events also imply that an inflow of low EC water stored within the banks or on the floodplain occurs as discharge falls. The joint use of physical and geochemical techniques allows a better understanding of the different components of water that contribute to river flow, which is important for the management and protection of water resources.
Cl/Br ratios and environmental isotopes as indicators of recharge variability and groundwater flow: An example from the southeast Murray Basin, Australia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2006
Fluid processes during the exhumation of high-P metamorphic belts
Publisher: Mineralogical Society
Date: 02-2002
Abstract: Fluids can play a direct role in exhumation by influencing exhumation mechanisms and the driving processes for these mechanisms. In addition, the process of exhumation leads to the development of fluid-related features that in themselves may not drive exhumation. Fluids involved in exhumation are generally derived from dehydration reactions occurring during decompression, but at shallower crustal levels may also involve the introduction of exotic fluids. The composition of fluids attending exhumation are generally saline – CO 2 mixtures, but N 2 , CH 4 , H 2 O mixtures have also been recorded. Studies of fluid features related to exhumation have found that fluids may contribute to density changes and the initiation of partial melting during decompression, as well as the development of extensive vein systems. However, the preservation of geochemical signatures related to fluid processes occurring prior to high- P and ultrahigh- P metamorphism indicates that large-scale pervasive fluid flow systems, in general, do not operate at any stage during the exhumation history. Large-scale channelled fluid flow may have operated in detachment faults and shear zones related to exhumation, and this requires further study. The most significant role of fluids during exhumation appears to be their controlling influence on the preservation of high- P or ultrahigh- P rocks.
Sources and fate of nitrate in a groundwater‐fed estuary elucidated using stable isotope ratios of nitrogen and oxygen
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-08-2014
Dynamics of groundwater‐derived nitrate and nitrous oxide in a tidal estuary from radon mass balance modeling
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 27-08-2013
Environmental flows stimulate estuarine plankton communities by altered salinity structure and enhanced nutrient recycling
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2022
Large-scale fluid flow patterns within the Corsican Ophiolite
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2000
The variation and controls of mean transit times in Australian headwater catchments
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-08-2020
DOI: 10.1002/HYP.13862
Examining the spatial and temporal variation of groundwater inflows to a valley-to-floodplain river using <sup>222</sup>Rn, geochemistry and river discharge: the Ovens Rive
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 06-12-2013
DOI: 10.5194/HESS-17-4907-2013
Abstract: Abstract. Radon (222Rn) and major ion geochemistry were used to define and quantify the catchment-scale groundwater-surface water interactions along the Ovens River in the southeast Murray–Darling Basin, Victoria, Australia, between September 2009 and October 2011. The Ovens River is characterized by the transition from a single channel within a mountain valley in the upper catchment to a multi-channel meandering river on flat alluvial plains in the lower catchment. Overall, the Ovens River is dominated by gaining reaches, receiving groundwater from both alluvial and basement aquifers. The distribution of gaining and losing reaches is governed by catchment morphology and lithology. In the upper catchment, rapid groundwater recharge through the permeable aquifers increases the water table. The rising water table, referred to as hydraulic loading, increases the hydraulic head gradient toward the river and hence causes high baseflow to the river during wet (high flow) periods. In the lower catchment, lower rainfall and finer-gained sediments reduce the magnitude and variability of hydraulic gradient between the aquifer and the river, producing lower but more constant groundwater inflows. The water table in the lower reaches has a shallow gradient, and small changes in river height or groundwater level can result in fluctuating gaining and losing behaviour. The middle catchment represents a transition in river-aquifer interactions from the upper to the lower catchment. High baseflow in some parts of the middle and lower catchments is caused by groundwater flowing over basement highs. Mass balance calculations based on 222Rn activities indicate that groundwater inflows are 2 to 17% of total flow with higher inflows occurring during high flow periods. In comparison to 222Rn activities, estimates of groundwater inflows from Cl concentrations are higher by up to 2000% in the upper and middle catchment but lower by 50 to 100% in the lower catchment. The high baseflow estimates using Cl concentrations may be due to the lack of sufficient difference between groundwater and surface water Cl concentrations. Both hydrograph separation and differential flow gauging yield far higher baseflow fluxes than 222Rn activities and Cl concentrations, probably indicating the input of other sources to the river in additional to regional groundwater, such as bank return flows.
Comment on “A comparison of catchment travel times and storage deduced from deuterium and tritium tracers using StorAge Selection functions” by Rodriguez et al. (2021)
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 14-12-2021
DOI: 10.5194/HESS-25-6333-2021
Abstract: Abstract. The combined use of deuterium and tritium to determine travel time distributions (TTDs) in streams is an important development in catchment hydrology (Rodriguez et al., 2021). This comment takes issue with Rodriguez et al.'s assertion that the truncation hypothesis may not hold for catchments in general, i.e. that the use of stable isotopes alone may not lead to underestimation of travel times or storage compared to tritium. We discuss reasons why the truncation hypothesis may not appear to hold for the catchment studied by Rodriguez et al. (2021) but could still apply to the majority of catchments. We also discuss more generally future applications of tritium in Northern Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere catchments.
Isotopic evidence for channeled fluid flow in low‐grade metamorphosed Jurassic accretionary complex in the Northern Chichibu belt, western Shikoku, Japan
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-2007
Rare earth element and strontium geochemistry of the Australian Victorian Alps drainage system: Evaluating the dominance of carbonate vs. aluminosilicate weathering under varying runoff
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2011
Distinguishing between seafloor alteration and fluid flow during subduction using stable isotope geochemistry: examples from Tethyan ophiolites in the Western Alps
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-2000
Residence times and mixing of water in river banks: implications for recharge and groundwater – surface water exchange
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 07-02-2014
DOI: 10.5194/HESSD-11-1651-2014
Abstract: Abstract. The residence time of groundwater within 50 m of the Tambo River, South East Australia, has been estimated through the combined use of 3H and 14C. Groundwater residence times increase towards the Tambo River which implies a gaining river system and not increasing bank storage with proximity to the Tambo River. Major ion concentrations and δ2H and δ18O values of bank water also indicate that bank infiltration does not significantly impact groundwater chemistry under baseflow and post-flood conditions, suggesting that the gaining nature of the river may be driving the return of bank storage water back into the Tambo River within days of peak flood conditions. The covariance between 3H and 14C indicates the leakage and mixing between old (~17 200 yr) groundwater from a semi-confined aquifer and younger groundwater ( yr) near the river where confining layers are less prevalent. The presence of this semi-confined aquifer has also been used to help explain the absence of bank storage, as rapid pressure propagation into the semi-confined aquifer during flooding will minimise bank infiltration. This study illustrates the complex nature of river groundwater interactions and the potential downfall in assuming simple or idealised conditions when conducting hydrogeological studies.
Younger Dryas-Holocene temperature and rainfall history of southern Indonesia from δ18O in speleothem calcite and fluid inclusions
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2010
Decoupling of solutes and water in regional groundwater systems: The Murray Basin, Australia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2017
Contrasting transit times of water from peatlands and eucalypt forests in the Australian Alps determined by tritium: implications for vulnerability and the source of water in upland catchments
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 12-2016
DOI: 10.5194/HESS-20-4757-2016
Abstract: Abstract. Peatlands are a distinctive and important component of many upland regions that commonly contain distinctive flora and fauna which are different from those of adjacent forests and grasslands. Peatlands also represent a significant long-term store of organic carbon. While their environmental importance has long since been recognised, water transit times within peatlands are not well understood. This study uses tritium (3H) to estimate the mean transit times of water from peatlands and from adjacent gullies that contain eucalypt forests in the Victorian Alps (Australia). The 3H activities of the peatland water range from 2.7 to 3.3 tritium units (TUs), which overlap the measured (2.9 to 3.0 TU) and expected (2.8 to 3.2 TU) average 3H activities of rainfall in this region. Even accounting for seasonal recharge by rainfall with higher 3H activities, the mean transit times of the peatland waters are 6.5 years and may be less than 2 years. Water from adjacent eucalypt forest streams has 3H activities of 1.6 to 2.1 TU, implying much longer mean transit times of 5 to 29 years. Cation ∕ Cl and Si ∕ Cl ratios are higher in the eucalypt forest streams than the peatland waters and both of these water stores have higher cation ∕ Cl and Si ∕ Cl ratios than rainfall. The major ion geochemistry reflects the degree of silicate weathering in these catchments that is controlled by both transit times and aquifer lithology. The short transit times imply that, unlike the eucalypt forests, the peatlands do not represent a long-lived store of water for the local river systems. Additionally, the peatlands are susceptible to drying out during drought, which renders them vulnerable to damage by the periodic bushfires that occur in this region.
Assessing the controls and uncertainties on mean transit times in contrasting headwater catchments
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2018
Residence times of bank storage and return flows and the influence on river water chemistry in the upper Barwon River, Australia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2019
Comparisons and uncertainties of recharge estimates in a temperate alpine catchment
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2020
Contrasts between estimates of baseflow help discern multiple sources of water contributing to rivers
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 03-01-2014
Abstract: Abstract. This study compares baseflow estimates using chemical mass balance, local minimum methods, and recursive digital filters in the upper reaches of the Barwon River, southeast Australia. During the early stages of high-discharge events, the chemical mass balance overestimates groundwater inflows, probably due to flushing of saline water from wetlands and marshes, soils, or the unsaturated zone. Overall, however, estimates of baseflow from the local minimum and recursive digital filters are higher than those based on chemical mass balance using Cl calculated from continuous electrical conductivity measurements. Between 2001 and 2011, the baseflow contribution to the upper Barwon River calculated using chemical mass balance is between 12 and 25% of the annual discharge with a net baseflow contribution of 16% of total discharge. Recursive digital filters predict higher baseflow contributions of 19 to 52% of discharge annually with a net baseflow contribution between 2001 and 2011 of 35% of total discharge. These estimates are similar to those from the local minimum method (16 to 45% of annual discharge and 26% of total discharge). These differences most probably reflect how the different techniques characterise baseflow. The local minimum and recursive digital filters probably aggregate much of the water from delayed sources as baseflow. However, as many delayed transient water stores (such as bank return flow, floodplain storage, or interflow) are likely to be geochemically similar to surface runoff, chemical mass balance calculations aggregate them with the surface runoff component. The difference between the estimates is greatest following periods of high discharge in winter, implying that these transient stores of water feed the river for several weeks to months at that time. Cl vs. discharge variations during in idual flow events also demonstrate that inflows of high-salinity older water occurs on the rising limbs of hydrographs followed by inflows of low-salinity water from the transient stores as discharge falls. The joint use of complementary techniques allows a better understanding of the different components of water that contribute to river flow, which is important for the management and protection of water resources.
The potential of groundwater as a geochemical archive of past environments
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2020
Structural geometry and timing of deformation in the Chainat duplex, Thailand
Publisher: Geological Society of London
Date: 2007
DOI: 10.1144/SP290.11
Dynamic river–groundwater exchange in the presence of a saline, semi‐confined aquifer
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 15-06-2015
DOI: 10.1002/HYP.10525
Steep oxygen-isotope gradients at marble—metagranite contacts in the northwest Adirondack Mountains, New York, USA: products of fluid-hosted diffusion
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-1991
The retrograde P-T-t path for low-pressure granulites from the Reynolds Range, central Australia: petrological constraints and implications for low-P/high-T metamorphism
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-1998
The origins and behaviour of carbon in a major semi-arid river, the Murray River, Australia, as constrained by carbon isotopes and hydrochemistry
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2010
Novel Instruments for in Situ Continuous Rn-222 Measurement in Groundwater and the Application to River Bank Infiltration
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 20-12-2012
DOI: 10.1021/ES3034928
Abstract: There is little known about the short-term dynamics of groundwater-surface water exchange in losing rivers. This is partly due to the paucity of chemical techniques that can autonomously collect high-frequency data in groundwater bores. Here we present two new instruments for continuous in situ (222)Rn measurement in bores for quantifying the surface water infiltration rate into an underlying or adjacent aquifer. These instruments are based on (222)Rn diffusion through silicone tube membranes, either wrapped around a pole (MonoRad) or strung between two hollow end pieces (OctoRad). They are combined with novel, robust, low-cost Geiger counter (222)Rn detectors which are ideal for long-term autonomous measurement. The down-hole instruments have a quantitative response time of about a day during low flow, but this decreases to <12 h during high-flow events. The setup was able to trace river water bank infiltration during moderate to high river flow during two field experiments. Mass-balance calculations using the (222)Rn data gave a maximum infiltration rate of 2 m d(-1). These instruments offer the first easily constructible system for continuous (222)Rn analysis in groundwater, and could be used to trace surface water infiltration in many environments including rivers, lakes, wetlands, and coastal settings.
Depth to water table correction for initial carbon-14 activities in groundwater mean residence time estimation
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 11-10-2021
DOI: 10.5194/HESS-25-5415-2021
Abstract: Abstract. Carbon-14 (14C) is routinely used to determine mean residence times (MRTs) of groundwater. 14C-based MRT calculations typically assume that the unsaturated zone is in equilibrium with the atmosphere, controlling the input 14C activity. However, multiple studies have shown that unsaturated zone 14C activities are lower than atmospheric values. Despite the availability of unsaturated zone 14C data, no attempt has been made to generalise initial 14C activities with depth to the water table. We utilise measurements of unsaturated zone 14C activities from 13 studies to produce a 14C–depth relationship to estimate initial 14C activities. The technique only requires the depth to the water table at the time of s ling or an estimate of depth to water in the recharge zone to determine the input 14C activity, making it straightforward to apply. Applying this new relationship to two Australian datasets (113 14C measurements in groundwater) shows that MRT estimates were up to 9250 years younger when the 14C–depth correction was applied relative to conventional MRTs. These findings may have important implications for groundwater s les that suggest the mixing of young and old waters and the determination of the relative proportions of young and waters, whereby the estimated fraction of older water may be much younger than previously assumed. Owing to the simplicity of the application of the technique, this approach can be easily incorporated into existing correction schemes to assess the sensitivity of unsaturated zone 14C to MRTs derived from 14C data.
Using multiple methods to investigate the effects of land-use changes on groundwater recharge in a semi-arid area
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 05-01-2021
Abstract: Abstract. Understanding the applicability and uncertainties of methods for documenting recharge rates in semi-arid areas is important for assessing the successive effects of land-use changes and understanding groundwater systems. This study focuses on estimating groundwater recharge rates and understanding the impacts of land-use changes on recharge rates in a semi-arid area in southeast Australia. Two adjacent catchments were cleared ∼180 years ago following European settlement, and a eucalypt plantation forest was subsequently established ∼15 years ago in one of the catchments. Chloride mass balance analysis yields recharge rates of 0.2 to 61.6 mm yr−1 (typically up to 11.2 mm yr−1). The lower of these values probably represents recharge rates prior to land clearing, whereas the higher likely reflects recharge rates following the initial land clearing. The low pre-land-clearing recharge rates are consistent with the presence of old groundwater (residence times up to 24 700 years) and the moderate-to-low hydraulic conductivities (0.31 to 0.002 m d−1) of the aquifers. Recharge rates estimated from tritium activities and water table fluctuations reflect those following the initial land clearing. Recharge rates estimated using water table fluctuations (15 to 500 mm yr−1) are significantly higher than those estimated using tritium renewal rates (0.01 to 89 mm yr−1 typically .0 mm yr−1) and approach the long-term average annual rainfall (∼640 mm yr−1). These recharge rates are unrealistic given the estimated evapotranspiration rates of 500 to 600 mm yr−1 and the preservation of old groundwater in the catchments. It is likely that uncertainties in the specific yield results in the water table fluctuation method significantly overestimating recharge rates, and despite the land-use changes, the present-day recharge rates are relatively modest. These results are ultimately important for assessing the impacts of land-use changes and management of groundwater resources in semi-arid regions in Australia and elsewhere.
Late Holocene drought responsible for the collapse of Old World civilizations is recorded in an Italian cave flowstone
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Date: 2006
DOI: 10.1130/G22103.1
The CO2 system in rivers of the Australian Victorian Alps: CO2 evasion in relation to system metabolism and rock weathering on multi-annual time scales
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2010
Unravelling the origin and fate of nitrate in an agricultural–urban coastal aquifer
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-10-2014
Using tritium to document the mean transit time and sources of water contributing to a chain-of-ponds river system: Implications for resource protection
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2016
Explaining changes in rainfall–runoff relationships during and after Australia's Millennium Drought: a community perspective
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 06-12-2022
DOI: 10.5194/HESS-26-6073-2022
Abstract: Abstract. The Millennium Drought lasted more than a decade and is notable for causing persistent shifts in the relationship between rainfall and runoff in many southeastern Australian catchments. Research to date has successfully characterised where and when shifts occurred and explored relationships with potential drivers, but a convincing physical explanation for observed changes in catchment behaviour is still lacking. Originating from a large multi-disciplinary workshop, this paper presents and evaluates a range of hypothesised process explanations of flow response to the Millennium Drought. The hypotheses consider climatic forcing, vegetation, soil moisture dynamics, groundwater, and anthropogenic influence. The hypotheses are assessed against evidence both temporally (e.g. why was the Millennium Drought different to previous droughts?) and spatially (e.g. why did rainfall–runoff relationships shift in some catchments but not in others?). Thus, the strength of this work is a large-scale assessment of hydrologic changes and potential drivers. Of 24 hypotheses, 3 are considered plausible, 10 are considered inconsistent with evidence, and 11 are in a category in between, whereby they are plausible yet with reservations (e.g. applicable in some catchments but not others). The results point to the unprecedented length of the drought as the primary climatic driver, paired with interrelated groundwater processes, including declines in groundwater storage, altered recharge associated with vadose zone expansion, and reduced connection between subsurface and surface water processes. Other causes include increased evaporative demand and harvesting of runoff by small private dams. Finally, we discuss the need for long-term field monitoring, particularly targeting internal catchment processes and subsurface dynamics. We recommend continued investment in the understanding of hydrological shifts, particularly given their relevance to water planning under climate variability and change.
Recharge history and controls on groundwater quality in the Yuncheng Basin, north China
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2010
Fluid flow in metacarbonates associated with emplacement of the Bushveld complex, South Africa
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2000
Textural implications of high-pressure fluid flow controlled by pre-subduction deformation and alteration patterns
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2000
Using radon to understand parafluvial flows and the changing locations of groundwater inflows in the Avon River, southeast Australia
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 06-09-2016
DOI: 10.5194/HESS-20-3581-2016
Abstract: Abstract. Understanding the location and magnitude of groundwater inflows to rivers is important for the protection of riverine ecosystems and the management of connected groundwater and surface water systems. This study utilizes 222Rn activities and Cl concentrations in the Avon River, southeast Australia, to determine the distribution of groundwater inflows and to understand the importance of parafluvial flow on the 222Rn budget. The distribution of 222Rn activities and Cl concentrations implies that the Avon River contains alternating gaining and losing reaches. The location of groundwater inflows changed as a result of major floods in 2011–2013 that caused significant movement of the floodplain sediments. The floodplain of the Avon River comprises unconsolidated coarse-grained sediments with numerous point bars and sediment banks through which significant parafluvial flow is likely. The 222Rn activities in the Avon River, which are locally up to 3690 Bq m−3, result from a combination of groundwater inflows and the input of water from the parafluvial zone that has high 222Rn activities due to 222Rn emanation from the alluvial sediments. If the high 222Rn activities were ascribed solely to groundwater inflows, the calculated net groundwater inflows would exceed the measured increase in streamflow along the river by up to 490 % at low streamflows. Uncertainties in the 222Rn activities of groundwater, the gas transfer coefficient, and the degree of hyporheic exchange cannot explain a discrepancy of this magnitude. The proposed model of parafluvial flow envisages that water enters the alluvial sediments in reaches where the river is losing and subsequently re-enters the river in the gaining reaches with flow paths of tens to hundreds of metres. Parafluvial flow is likely to be important in rivers with coarse-grained alluvial sediments on their floodplains and failure to quantify the input of 222Rn from parafluvial flow will result in overestimating groundwater inflows to rivers.
Understanding parafluvial exchange and degassing to better quantify groundwater inflows using 222Rn: The King River, southeast Australia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2014
Permeability generation and resetting of tracers during metamorphic fluid flow: implications for advection-dispersion models
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-10-1997
Contrasting transit times of water from peatlands and eucalypt forests in the Australian Alps determined by tritium: implications for vulnerability and the source of water in upland catchments
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 08-2016
Abstract: Abstract. Peatlands are a distinctive and important component of many upland regions that commonly contain distinctive flora and fauna that are different from adjacent forests and grasslands. Peatlands also represent a significant long-term store of organic carbon. While their environmental importance has long since been recognised, water transit times within peatlands are not well understood. This study uses 3H to estimate the mean transit times of water from peatlands and from adjacent gullies that contain eucalypt forests in the Victorian Alps (Australia). 3H activities of the peatland water range from 2.7 to 3.3 TU, which overlap the measured (2.9 to 3.0 TU) and expected (2.8 to 3.2 TU) average 3H activities of rainfall in this region. Even accounting for seasonal recharge by rainfall with higher 3H activities, the mean transit times of the peat waters are
Meteoric fluid infiltration in the middle crust during shearing: examples from the Arunta Inlier, central Australia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2000
Supplementary material to "Using geochemistry to understand the sources and mean transit times of stream water in an intermittent river system: the upper Wimmera River, southeast Australia"
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 31-01-2022
Constraining groundwater flow, residence times, inter-aquifer mixing, and aquifer properties using environmental isotopes in the southeast Murray Basin, Australia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2012
Using hydrogeochemistry to understand inter-aquifer mixing in the on-shore part of the Gippsland Basin, southeast Australia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2013
Estimating retention potential of headwater catchment using Tritium time series
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2018
Examining the spatial and temporal variation of groundwater inflows to a valley-to-floodplain river using <sup>222</sup>Rn, geochemistry and river discharge: the Ovens Rive
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 24-04-2013
DOI: 10.5194/HESSD-10-5225-2013
Abstract: Abstract. Radon (222Rn) and major ion geochemistry were used to define and quantify the catchment-scale river-aquifer interactions along the Ovens River in the southeast Murray-Darling Basin, Victoria, Australia, between September 2009 and October 2011. The Ovens River is characterized by the transition from a single channel river residing within a mountain valley in the upper catchment to a multi-channel meandering river on flat alluvial plains in the lower catchment. Overall, the river is dominated by gaining reaches, receiving groundwater from both alluvial and basement aquifers. The distribution of gaining and losing reaches is governed by catchment morphology and lithology. In the upper catchment, rapid groundwater recharge through sediments that have high hydraulic conductivities in a narrow valley produces higher baseflow to the river during wet (high flow) periods as a result of hydraulic loading. In the lower catchment, the open and flat alluvial plains, lower rainfall and finer-gained sediments reduce the magnitude and variability of hydraulic gradient between the aquifer and the river, producing lower and constant groundwater inflow. With a small difference between the water table and the river height, small changes in river height or in groundwater level can result fluctuating gaining and losing behaviour along the river. The middle catchment represents a transition in river-aquifer interactions from upper to lower catchment. High baseflow in some parts of the middle and lower catchments is caused by groundwater flow over basement highs. Mass balance calculations based on 222Rn activities indicate that groundwater inflow is 4–22% of total flow with higher baseflow occurring in high flow periods. Uncertainties in gas exchange coefficient and 222Rn activities of groundwater alter the calculated groundwater inflow to 3–35%. Ignoring hyporheic exchange appears not to have a significant impact on the total groundwater estimates. In comparison to 222Rn activities, Cl concentrations yield higher estimates of groundwater influxes by up to 2000% in the upper and middle catchments but lower estimates by 50–100% in the lower catchment. Hydrograph separation yields far higher baseflow fluxes than 222Rn activities and Cl concentrations. The high baseflow estimates using Cl concentrations may be due to the lack of distinct difference between groundwater and surface water Cl concentrations. The other mismatches may indicate the input of other sources of water in additional to regional groundwater.
Petrology of Scourian supracrustal rocks and orthogneisses from Stoer, NW Scotland: implications for the geological evolution of the Lewisian complex
Publisher: Geological Society of London
Date: 1987
Sapphirine-kornerupine rocks from the Reynolds Range, central Australia: constraints on the uplift history of a Proterozoic low pressure terrain
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-1994
DOI: 10.1007/BF00310691
Comment on “A comparison of catchment travel times and storage deduced from deuterium and tritium tracers using StorAge Selection functions” by Rodriguez et al. (2021)
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 04-2021
Abstract: Abstract. The combined use of deuterium and tritium to determine travel time distributions (TTDs) in streams is an important development in catchment hydrology (Rodriguez et al, 2021). This comment takes issue with Rodriguez et al.'s general rejection of the truncation hypothesis, i.e. that the almost exclusive use of stable isotopes has truncated our vision of streamflow TTDs and caused us to miss the long tails of old water often shown by tritium. We discuss reasons why this hypothesis may not hold for the catchment described by Rodriguez et al. (2021), but could still apply to a large proportion of all catchments. We also discuss more generally future applications of tritium in northern and southern hemisphere catchments.
Impact of changing climate and land use on the hydrogeology of southeast Australia ∗
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-2008
Internal control of fluid compositions in amphibolite-facies scapolitic calc-silicates, Mary Kathleen, Australia
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-1992
DOI: 10.1007/BF00296581
The role of fluids in retrograde shearing: Broken Hill, Australia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2000
Using <sup>14</sup>C and <sup>3</sup>H to understand groundwater flow and recharge in an aquifer window
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 06-06-2014
DOI: 10.5194/HESSD-11-5953-2014
Abstract: Abstract. Knowledge of groundwater residence times and recharge locations are vital to the sustainable management of groundwater resources. Here we investigate groundwater residence times and patterns of recharge in the Gellibrand Valley, southeast Australia, where outcropping aquifer sediments of the Eastern View Formation form an "aquifer window" that may receive diffuse recharge and recharge from the Gellibrand River. To determine recharge patterns and groundwater flowpaths, environmental isotopes (3H, 14C, δ13C, δ18O, δ2H) are used in conjunction with groundwater geochemistry and continuous monitoring of groundwater elevation and electrical conductivity. Despite the water table fluctuating by 0.9–3.7 m annually producing estimated recharge rates of 90 and 372 mm yr-1, residence times of shallow (11–29 m) groundwater determined by 14C ages are between 100 and 10 000 years. 3H activities are negligible in most of the groundwater and groundwater electrical conductivity in in idual areas remains constant over the period of study. Although diffuse local recharge is evident, the depth to which it penetrates is limited to the upper 10 m of the aquifer. Rather, groundwater in the Gellibrand Valley predominantly originates from the regional recharge zone, the Barongarook High, and acts as a regional discharge zone where upward head gradients are maintained annually, limiting local recharge. Additionally, the Gellibrand River does not recharge the surrounding groundwater and has limited bank storage. 14C ages and Cl concentrations are well correlated and Cl concentrations may be used to provide a first-order estimate of groundwater residence times. Progressively lower chloride concentrations from 10 000 years BP to the present day are interpreted to indicate an increase in recharge rates on the Barongarook High.
Transient hydrological conditions implied by chloride mass balance in southeast Australian rivers
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2013
A sulfur-stable-isotope-based screening tool for assessing impact of acid sulfate soils on waterways
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2011
DOI: 10.1071/MF10190
Abstract: Early warning indicators for waterways affected by acid sulfate soils (ASS) are valuable tools for water management organisations. Oxidised ASS may discharge high concentrations of metals, acid and sulfur to surrounding water. The origin of sulfate may be determined by δ34S values. δ34S values of dissolved sulfate in ~300 s les of fresh, brackish and estuarine surface water from south-west Western Australia ranged from –6.6 to 31.4‰ (Cañon Diablo Troilite). An indicator was developed based on [SO42–], [Cl–] and δ34S that categorised s les into groups with similar isotopic influences (iso-groups). Signals of disturbed ASS were identified in ~4.5% of sites. Multivariate statistical analysis showed that water quality had deteriorated at ASS-influenced sites. Although highly variable, average aluminium concentrations were higher (up to 0.12 mg L–1, compared with .05 mg L–1 elsewhere) in s les that are influenced by ASS disturbance. The categorisation of s les into iso-groups provides a simple tool to prioritise sites for further investigation. This study shows that δ34S values provide an early warning indicator for water affected by disturbed ASS, particularly in localities where rainfall is marine dominated with a similar δ34S to seawater.
Oxygen-isotope geochemistry of the Scourian complex, northwest Scotland
Publisher: Geological Society of London
Date: 1992
Millimetre-scale variation in metamorphic permeability of marbles during transient fluid flow: An example from the Reynolds Range, central Australia
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-12-2000
Constraining modern and historical recharge from bore hydrographs, 3H, 14C, and chloride concentrations: Applications to dual-porosity aquifers in dryland salinity areas, Murray Basin, Australia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2007
The Middle Miocene Yallourn coal seam - The last coal in Australia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2007
Hydrogeochemistry of the Goulburn Valley region of the Murray Basin, Australia: implications for flow paths and resource vulnerability
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-03-2004
The spatial extent and timescales of bank infiltration and return flows in an upland river system: Implications for water quality and volumes
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2020
Using geochemistry to understand water sources and transit times in headwater streams of a temperate rainforest
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2018
Sources and mean transit times of stream water in an intermittent river system: the upper Wimmera River, southeast Australia
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 09-09-2022
DOI: 10.5194/HESS-26-4497-2022
Abstract: Abstract. Determining the mean transit times (MTTs) and water sources in catchments at different flow conditions helps better understand river functioning, and manage river health and water resources. Despite being common in a range of environments, the MTTs and water sources in intermittent streams are much less well understood compared to perennial streams. Major ion geochemistry, stable isotopes, 14C, and 3H were used in this study to identify water sources and MTTs of the periodically intermittent upper Wimmera River from southeast Australia at different flow conditions, including zero-flow periods. The disconnected pool waters during the zero-flow period in the summer months of 2019 had 3H activities of 0.64 to 3.29 TU. These and the variations in total dissolved solids and stable isotopes imply that these pools contained a mixture of older groundwater and younger stream water impacted by evaporation. 3H activities during the high-flow period in July 2019 were 1.85 to 3.00 TU, yielding MTTs of up to 17 years. The 3H activities at moderate and low-flow conditions in September and November 2019 ranged from 2.26 to 2.88 TU, implying MTTs of 1.6 to 7.8 years. Regional groundwater near the Wimmera River had 3H activities of 0.02 to 0.45 TU and 14C activities of 57 to 103 pMC, and was not recharged by the river at high flows. The Wimmera River and other intermittent streams in southeast Australia are sustained by younger catchment waters from relatively small near-river stores than comparable perennial streams, which have older deeper regional groundwater inputs. This results in these intermittent streams being more susceptible to short-term changes in climate and necessitates the protection of near-river corridors to maintain the health of the riverine systems.
Mean Transit Times in Headwater Catchments: Insights from the Otway Ranges, Australia
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 09-05-2017
Abstract: Abstract. Understanding the timescales of water flow through catchments and the origins of stream water at different flow conditions is critical for understanding catchment behaviour and managing water resources. Here, tritium (3H) activities, major ion geochemistry and discharge data were used in conjunction with Lumped Parameter Models (LPMs) to investigate mean transit times (MTTs) and the stores of water in six headwater catchments of the Otway Ranges in southeast Australia. 3H activities of stream water ranged from 0.20 to 2.14 TU, which are far lower than those of modern local rainfall (2.4 to 3.2 TU). The 3H activities of the stream water are lowest during the low summer flows and increase with stream discharge. Calculated MTTs vary from approximately 7 to 234 years which, in many cases, exceed those reported for river systems globally. The MTT estimates, however, are subject to a number of uncertainties, including, uncertainties in the most appropriate LPM to use, aggregation errors, and uncertainty in the modern and bomb-pulse 3H activity of rainfall. These uncertainties locally result in uncertainties in MTTs of several years however, they do not change the overall conclusions that the water in these streams has MTTs of several years to decades. There is discharge threshold of approximately 104 m3 day−1 in all catchments above which 3H activities do not increase appreciably above ~ 2.0 TU. The MTT of this 3H activity is approximately ten years, which implies that changes within the catchments, including drought, deforestation, land use and/or bush fire, would not be realised within the streams for at least a decade. A positive correlation exists between 3H activities and nitrate and sulphate concentrations within several of the catchments, which suggests that anthropogenic activities have increasingly impacted water quality at these locations over time.
Alice springs age shear zones from the southeastern Reynolds Range, central Australia
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-1999
Stable isotope geochemistry of Alpine ophiolites: a window to ocean-floor hydrothermal alteration and constraints on fluid-rock interaction during high-pressure metamorphism
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-08-1999
Supplementary material to "Using geochemical tracers to distinguish groundwater and parafluvial inflows in rivers (the Avon Catchment, SE Australia)"
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 10-09-2015
A review of the use of radiocarbon to estimate groundwater residence times in semi-arid and arid areas
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2019
Changes in stable isotope ratios of metapelites and marbles during regional metamorphism, Mount Lofty Ranges, South Australia: implications for crustal scale fluid flow
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-1995
DOI: 10.1007/BF00306509
The Role of Carbonaceous Indicator Slates in the Genesis of Lode Gold Mineralization in the Western Lachlan Orogen, Victoria, Southeastern Australia
Publisher: Society of Economic Geologists
Date: 05-2001
Using geochemical tracers to distinguish groundwater and parafluvial inflows in rivers (the Avon Catchment, SE Australia)
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 10-09-2015
DOI: 10.5194/HESSD-12-9205-2015
Abstract: Abstract. Understanding the location and magnitude of groundwater inflows to rivers is important for the protection of riverine ecosystems and the management of connected groundwater and surface water systems. Downstream trends in 222Rn activities and Cl concentrations in the Avon River, southeast Australia, implies that it contains alternating gaining and losing reaches. 222Rn activities of up to 3690 Bq m−3 imply that inflows are locally substantial (up to 3.1 m3 m−1 day−1). However, if it assumed that these inflows are solely from groundwater, the net groundwater inflows during low-flow periods exceed the measured increase in streamflow along the Avon River by up to 490 %. Uncertainties in the 222Rn activities of groundwater, the gas transfer coefficient, and the degree of hyporheic exchange cannot explain this discrepancy. It is proposed that a significant volume of the total calculated inflows into the Avon River represents water that exfiltrates from the river, flows through parafluvial sediments, and subsequently re-enters the river in the gaining reaches. This returning parafluvial flow has high 222Rn activities due to 222Rn emanations from the alluvial sediments. The riffle sections of the Avon River commonly have steep longitudinal gradients and may transition from losing at their upstream end to gaining at the downstream end and parafluvial flow through the sediment banks on meanders and point bars may also occur. Parafluvial flow is likely to be important in rivers with coarse-grained alluvial sediments on their floodplains and failure to quantify the input of 222Rn from parafluvial flow will result in overestimating groundwater inflows to rivers.
The gabbro–eclogite transformation: an oxygen isotope and petrographic study of west Alpine ophiolites
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 1997
Albite vein formation during exhumation of high‐pressure terranes: a case study from alpine Corsica
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-2006
Fluid-rock interaction in the Reynolds Range, central Australia: Superimposed, episodic, and channelled fluid flow systems
Publisher: Geological Society of London
Date: 2001
Mean transit times in headwater catchments: insights from the Otway Ranges, Australia
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 25-01-2018
Abstract: Abstract. Understanding the timescales of water flow through catchments and the sources of stream water at different flow conditions is critical for understanding catchment behaviour and managing water resources. Here, tritium (3H) activities, major ion geochemistry and streamflow data were used in conjunction with lumped parameter models (LPMs) to investigate mean transit times (MTTs) and the stores of water in six headwater catchments in the Otway Ranges of southeastern Australia. 3H activities of stream water ranged from 0.20 to 2.14 TU, which are significantly lower than the annual average 3H activity of modern local rainfall, which is between 2.4 and 3.2 TU. The 3H activities of the stream water are lowest during low summer flows and increase with increasing streamflow. The concentrations of most major ions vary little with streamflow, which together with the low 3H activities imply that there is no significant direct input of recent rainfall at the streamflows s led in this study. Instead, shallow younger water stores in the soils and regolith are most likely mobilised during the wetter months. MTTs vary from approximately 7 to 230 years. Despite uncertainties of several years in the MTTs that arise from having to assume an appropriate LPM, macroscopic mixing, and uncertainties in the 3H activities of rainfall, the conclusion that they range from years to decades is robust. Additionally, the relative differences in MTTs at different streamflows in the same catchment are estimated with more certainty. The MTTs in these and similar headwater catchments in southeastern Australia are longer than in many catchments globally. These differences may reflect the relatively low rainfall and high evapotranspiration rates in southeastern Australia compared with headwater catchments elsewhere. The long MTTs imply that there is a long-lived store of water in these catchments that can sustain the streams over drought periods lasting several years. However, the catchments are likely to be vulnerable to decadal changes in land use or climate. Additionally, there may be considerable delay in contaminants reaching the stream. An increase in nitrate and sulfate concentrations in several catchments at high streamflows may represent the input of contaminants through the shallow groundwater that contributes to streamflow during the wetter months. Poor correlations between 3H activities and catchment area, drainage density, land use, and average slope imply that the MTTs are not controlled by a single parameter but a variety of factors, including catchment geomorphology and the hydraulic properties of the soils and aquifers.
Early meteoric fluid flow in high-grade, low- 18 O gneisses from the Mallee Bore area, northern Harts Range, central Australia
Publisher: Geological Society of London
Date: 09-1997
Hydrogeochemical and isotopic constraints on the origins of dryland salinity, Murray Basin, Victoria, Australia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2004
Major-ion chemistry, δ13C and 87Sr/86Sr as indicators of hydrochemical evolution and sources of salinity in groundwater in the Yuncheng Basin, China
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-04-2011
Using 3H and 14C to constrain the degree of closed-system dissolution of calcite in groundwater
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2013
Geochemical and stable isotope resetting in shear zones from Täschalp: constraints on fluid flow during exhumation in the Western Alps
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 28-01-2003
Stable isotope (C, O, S) systematics in alteration haloes associatedwith orogenic gold mineralization in the Victorian gold province,SE Australia
Publisher: Geological Society of London
Date: 08-2004
Assessing the hydrogeochemical impact and distribution of acid sulphate soils, Heart Morass, West Gippsland, Victoria
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2012
Focused fluid flow during subduction: Oxygen isotope data from high-pressure ophiolites of the western Alps
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-1995
Estimation of air surface temperature using MODIS land surface temperature over data-scarce Banas River basin, Western India
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 28-03-2022
DOI: 10.5194/EGUSPHERE-EGU22-6881
Abstract: & & Arid and semi-arid areas characterised by low precipitation and high evaporation rates are highly vulnerable to alterations in precipitation regimes, leading to water deficiency and an increase in dependence on groundwater resources. Flash floods have become more frequent in several semi-arid regions due to changing climatic conditions. Thus, an efficient water management system is needed for these regions to manage flash floods and support groundwater recharge. A coupled surface water-groundwater model is an advanced tool for simulating large-scale hydrologic processes and quantifying factors influencing floods and drought. To accommodate the high variability and heterogeneous spatial distribution of surface and groundwater resources, distributed modelling tools are essential. However, scarce monitoring networks may lead to the unavailability of spatio-temporal input data and limit the applicability of these models. Advances in remote sensing (RS) techniques for monitoring hydrological parameters like precipitation, soil moisture, evapotranspiration, and groundwater depth can mitigate this problem.& & & & This study analyses the remote sensing product MOD11A1.006 of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), which provides daily day and night land surface temperature (LST) at a spatial resolution of 1000 m, facilitating the analysis of surface water-groundwater interactions through distributed hydrological modelling in the semi-arid Banas River basin (~6800 km& sup& & /sup& ). Remotely sensed LST data allowed air surface temperature (T& sub& a& /sub& ), which is crucial for estimating reference evapotranspiration, to be retrieved. While T& sub& a& /sub& at weather stations 2 m above the ground are more accurate, those data have limited spatial coverage. The Banas River basin contains five weather stations located primarily in the central region. To improve the spatial distribution of reference evapotranspiration, which is a significant input of the hydrological models, a linear regression model using T& sub& a& /sub& observed at the weather stations of Banas basin, along with LST, elevation, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), latitude, and longitude of the pixels coinciding with the location of weather stations was developed to estimate the air surface temperature for the whole basin.& & & & A multiple linear regression model was built by stepwise linear regression (SLR) method using the OLSRR package of R. Calibration using day LST, latitude and longitude provided the best estimate of maximum T& sub& a& /sub& , with an adjusted R& sup& & /sup& value of 0.60, Pearson correlation coefficient (r) of 0.72, and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 3.2& sup& o & /sup& C. While calibration using night LST and elevation data provided the best estimate of minimum T& sub& a& /sub& with an adjusted R& sup& & /sup& value of 0.81, r of 0.84 and RMSE of 3.02& sup& o & /sup& C. The daily LST data and daily T& sub& a& /sub& data have shown a good agreement. This research improves the understanding of the spatial distribution of daily day and night air temperature in the Banas River basin. It opens a new methodological perspective for groundwater and surface water management through hydrological modelling with a spatial resolution greater than that of the existing monitoring networks.& &
Granulite facies metasomatism: zoned calc-silicate boudins from the Rauer Group, East Antarctica
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 1993
DOI: 10.1007/BF00698323
Supplementary material to "Mean Transit Times in Headwater Catchments: Insights from the Otway Ranges, Australia"
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 09-05-2017
The timing of high-temperature retrogression in the Reynolds Range, central Australia: Constraints from garnet and epidote Pb-Pb dating
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 17-05-1999
Using groundwater geochemistry and environmental isotopes to assess the correction of 14C ages in a silicate-dominated aquifer system
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2010
Groundwater mean residence times of a subtropical barrier sand island
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 19-03-2020
DOI: 10.5194/HESS-24-1293-2020
Abstract: Abstract. Fresh groundwater on barrier islands is affected by changing sea levels and precipitation variability due to climate change and is also vulnerable to anthropogenic processes, such as contamination and groundwater over-abstraction. Constraining groundwater mean residence times (MRTs) and flow paths is essential for understanding and managing these resources. This study uses tritium (3H) and carbon-14 (14C) to determine the MRTs of groundwater along a transect across subtropical North Stradbroke Island, south-east Queensland, Australia. Hydraulic properties, major ion geochemistry and stable isotopes are used to validate residence times and to identify the processes responsible for their variability. 3H activities range from less than 0.01 to 1 TU (tritium units), which are values lower than those of local average rainfall (1.6–2.0 TU). 14C concentrations range from 62.5 to 111 pMC (percent modern carbon). Estimated MRTs determined using lumped parameter models and 3H activities range from 37 to more than 50 years. Recharge occurs over the entire island, and groundwater MRTs generally increase vertically and laterally towards the coastal discharge areas, although no systematic pattern is observed. MRTs estimated from 14C concentrations display similar spatial relationships but have a much greater range (from modern to approximately 5000 years). Water ersion and retention by lower-permeability units in the unsaturated parts of the dune systems are the most likely course for relatively long MRTs to date. The results indicate that the internal structures within the dune systems increase MRTs in the groundwater system and potentially ert flow paths. The structures produce perched aquifer systems that are wide-spread and have a significant influence on regional recharge. The geochemical composition of groundwater remains relatively consistent throughout the island, with the only irregularities attributed to old groundwater stored within coastal peat. The outcomes of this study enhance the understanding of groundwater flow, recharge ersion and inhibition for large coastal sand masses in general, especially for older sand masses that have developed structures from pedogenesis and dune movement. With respect to south-east Queensland, it allows the existing regional groundwater flow model to be refined by incorporating independent MRTs to test models' validity. The location of this large fresh groundwater reservoir, in dry and populous south-east Queensland, means that its potential to be used as a water source is always high. Background information on aquifer distribution and groundwater MRTs is crucial to better validate impact assessment for water abstraction.
Transit times from rainfall to baseflow in headwater catchments estimated using tritium: the Ovens River, Australia
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 08-09-2015
DOI: 10.5194/HESS-19-3771-2015
Abstract: Abstract. Headwater streams contribute a significant proportion of the total flow to many river systems, especially during summer low-flow periods. However, despite their importance, the time taken for water to travel through headwater catchments and into the streams (the transit time) is poorly understood. Here, 3H activities of stream water are used to define transit times of water contributing to streams from the upper reaches of the Ovens River in south-east Australia at varying flow conditions. 3H activities of the stream water varied from 1.63 to 2.45 TU, which are below the average 3H activity of modern local rainfall (2.85 to 2.99 TU). The highest 3H activities were recorded following higher winter flows and the lowest 3H activities were recorded at summer low-flow conditions. Variations of major ion concentrations and 3H activities with streamflow imply that different stores of water from within the catchment (e.g. from the soil or regolith) are mobilised during rainfall events rather than there being simple dilution of an older groundwater component by event water. Mean transit times calculated using an exponential-piston flow model range from 4 to 30 years and are higher at summer low-flow conditions. Mean transit times calculated using other flow models (e.g. exponential flow or dispersion) are similar. There are broad correlations between 3H activities and the percentage of rainfall exported from each catchment and between 3H activities and Na and Cl concentrations that allow first-order estimates of mean transit times in adjacent catchments or at different times in these catchments to be made. Water from the upper Ovens River has similar mean transit times to the headwater streams implying there is no significant input of old water from the alluvial gravels. The observation that the water contributing to the headwater streams in the Ovens catchment has a mean transit time of years to decades implies that these streams are buffered against rainfall variations on timescales of a few years. However, impacts of any changes to land use in these catchments may take years to decades to manifest themselves in changes to streamflow or water quality.
An artificial intelligence algorithm for the classification of sphenoid sinus pneumatisation on sinus computed tomography scans
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 24-07-2023
DOI: 10.1111/COA.14088
Abstract: Classifying sphenoid pneumatisation is an important but often overlooked task in reporting sinus CT scans. Artificial intelligence (AI) and one of its key methods, convolutional neural networks (CNNs), can create algorithms that can learn from data without being programmed with explicit rules and have shown utility in radiological image classification. To determine if a trained CNN can accurately classify sphenoid sinus pneumatisation on CT sinus imaging. Sagittal slices through the natural ostium of the sphenoid sinus were extracted from retrospectively collected bone‐window CT scans of the paranasal sinuses for consecutive patients over 6 years. Two blinded Otolaryngology residents reviewed each image and classified the sphenoid sinus pneumatisation as either conchal, presellar or sellar. An AI algorithm was developed using the Microsoft Azure Custom Vision deep learning platform to classify the pattern of pneumatisation. Seven hundred eighty images from 400 patients were used to train the algorithm, which was then tested on a further 118 images from 62 patients. The algorithm achieved an accuracy of 93.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] 87.1–97.0), 87.3% (95% CI 79.9–92.7) and 85.6% (95% CI 78.0–91.4) in correctly identifying conchal, presellar and sellar sphenoid pneumatisation, respectively. The overall weighted accuracy of the CNN was 85.9%. The CNN described demonstrated a moderately accurate classification of sphenoid pneumatisation subtypes on CT scans. The use of CNN‐based assistive tools may enable surgeons to achieve safer operative planning through routine automated reporting allowing greater resources to be directed towards the identification of pathology.
Fluid-rock interaction between syenites and marbles at Stephen Cross Quarry, Qu�bec, Canada: petrological and stable isotope data
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 1993
DOI: 10.1007/BF00698321
Implications of variations in stream specific conductivity for estimating baseflow using chemical mass balance and calibrated hydrograph techniques
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 14-01-2022
Abstract: Abstract. Baseflow to rivers comprises regional groundwater and lower-salinity intermediate water stores such as interflow, soil water, and bank return flows. Chemical mass balance (CMB) calculations based on the specific conductivity (SC) of rivers potentially estimate the groundwater contribution to baseflow. This study discusses the application of the CMB approach in rivers from south-eastern Australia and assesses the feasibility of calibrating recursive digital filters (RDFs) and sliding minima (SM) techniques based on streamflow data to estimate groundwater inflows. The common strategy of assigning the SC of groundwater inflows based on the highest annual river SC may not always be valid due to the persistent presence of lower-salinity intermediate waters. Rather, using the river SC from low-flow periods during drought years may be more realistic. If that is the case, the estimated groundwater inflows may be lower than expected, which has implications for assessing contaminant transport and the impacts of near-river groundwater extraction. Probably due to long-term variations in the proportion of groundwater in baseflow, the RDF and SM techniques cannot generally be calibrated using the CMB results to estimate annual baseflow proportions. Thus, it is not possible to extend the estimates of groundwater inflows using those methods, although in some catchments reasonable estimates of groundwater inflows can be made from annual streamflows. Short-term variations in the composition of baseflow also lead to baseflow estimates made using the CMB method being far more irregular than expected. This study illustrates that estimating baseflow, especially groundwater inflows, is not straightforward.
Comments on: Analytical sensitivity analysis and uncertainty estimation of a two-component hydrograph separation method which uses conductivity as a tracer” by Weifei Yang et al.
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 28-10-2018
Residence times and mixing of water in river banks: Implications for recharge and groundwater-surface water exchange
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 12-12-2014
DOI: 10.5194/HESS-18-5109-2014
Abstract: Abstract. Bank exchange processes within 50 m of the Tambo River, southeast Australia, have been investigated through the combined use of 3H and 14C. Groundwater residence times increase towards the Tambo River, which suggests the absence of significant bank storage. Major ion concentrations and δ2H and δ18O values of bank water also indicate that bank infiltration does not significantly impact groundwater chemistry under baseflow and post-flood conditions, suggesting that the gaining nature of the river may be driving the return of bank storage water back into the Tambo River within days of peak flood conditions. The covariance between 3H and 14C indicates the leakage and mixing between old (~17 200 years) groundwater from a semi-confined aquifer and younger groundwater ( years) near the river, where confining layers are less prevalent. It is likely that the upward infiltration of deeper groundwater from the semi-confined aquifer during flooding limits bank infiltration. Furthermore, the more saline deeper groundwater likely controls the geochemistry of water in the river bank, minimising the chemical impact that bank infiltration has in this setting. These processes, coupled with the strongly gaining nature of the Tambo River are likely to be the factors reducing the chemical impact of bank storage in this setting. This study illustrates the complex nature of river groundwater interactions and the potential downfall in assuming simple or idealised conditions when conducting hydrogeological studies.
Supplementary material to "Using multiple methods to understand groundwater recharge in a semi-arid area"
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 14-04-2020
Trading a little water for substantial carbon gains during the first years of a Eucalyptus globulus plantation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2022
Low-18O Scourie dike magmas from the Lewisian complex, northwestern Scotland
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Date: 1991
Environmental isotopes as indicators of inter-aquifer mixing, Wimmera region, Murray Basin, Southeast Australia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2010
Stable isotope constraints on the mechanism of fluid flow during contact metamorphism around the Marulan Batholith, NSW, Australia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2000
Constraining flow paths of saline groundwater at basin margins using hydrochemistry and environmental isotopes: Lake Cooper, Murray Basin, Australia
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-2007
Investigating the spatio-temporal variability in groundwater and surface water interactions: a multi-technical approach
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 22-03-2013
DOI: 10.5194/HESSD-10-3795-2013
Abstract: Abstract. The interaction between groundwater and surface water along the Tambo and Nicholson Rivers, southeast Australia, was investigated using 222Rn, Cl, differential flow gauging, head gradients, electrical conductivity (EC) and temperature profiling. Head gradients, temperature profiles, Cl concentrations and 222Rn activities all indicate higher groundwater fluxes to the Tambo River in areas of increased topographic variation where the potential to form large groundwater–surface water gradients is greater. Groundwater discharge to the Tambo River calculated by Cl mass balance was significantly lower (1.48 × 104 to 1.41 × 103 m3 day−1) than discharge estimated by 222Rn mass balance (5.35 × 105 to 9.56 × 103 m3 day−1) and differential flow gauging (5.41 × 105 to 6.30 × 103 m3 day−1). While groundwater s ling from the bank of the Tambo River was intended to account for the variability in groundwater chemistry associated with river-bank interaction, the spatial variability under which these interactions occurs remained unaccounted for, limiting the use of Cl as an effective tracer. Groundwater discharge to both the Tambo and Nicholson Rivers was the highest under high flow conditions in the days to weeks following significant rainfall, indicating that the rivers are well connected to a groundwater system that is responsive to rainfall. Groundwater constituted the lowest proportion of river discharge during times of increased rainfall that followed dry periods, while groundwater constituted the highest proportion of river discharge under baseflow conditions (21.4% of the Tambo in April 2010 and 18.9% of the Nicholson in September 2010).
High-temperature fluid-rock interaction and scapolitization in an extension-related hydrothermal system, Mary Kathleen, Australia
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 12-1994
Metasomatism of the Revenue Granite and aureole rocks, Mt Isa Inlier, Queensland: Syndeformational fluid flow and fluid‐rock interaction
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-1995
Stalagmite evidence for the precise timing of North Atlantic cold events during the early last glacial
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Date: 2007
DOI: 10.1130/G23161A.1
Minor additional comment on hess-2020-488
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 12-01-2021
Patterns of fluid flow in proterozoic calc-silicates: Fluid channeling and variations in fluid fluxes and intrinsic permeabilities
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-1995
Review of HESS-2020-488
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 11-01-2021
Origin of felsic sheets in the Scourian granulites: new evidence from rare earth elements
Published in Scottish Journal of Geology,
Publisher:
Geological Society of London
Date:
05-1995
DOI:
10.1144/SJG31010091
Publisher: Geological Society of London
Date: 05-1995
DOI: 10.1144/SJG31010091
Mapping and quantifying groundwater inflows to Deep Creek (Maribyrnong catchment, SE Australia) using 222Rn, implications for protecting groundwater-dependant ecosystems
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2015
Increasing Australian-Indonesian monsoon rainfall linked to early Holocene sea-level rise
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-08-2009
DOI: 10.1038/NGEO605
A review of radioactive isotopes and other residence time tracers in understanding groundwater recharge: Possibilities, challenges, and limitations
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2017
Fluid-rock interaction during early contact metamorphism of the reynolds range group, central australia
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-1995
An O-isotope profile through the HP-LT Corsican ophiolite, France and its implications for fluid flow during subduction
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2001
Sustainability of groundwater usage in northern China: dependence on palaeowaters and effects on water quality, quantity and ecosystem health
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 21-02-2012
DOI: 10.1002/HYP.9208
The time-integrated history of crustal fluid flow: Reynolds Range, central Australia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2000
Chemical weathering processes in the Great Artesian Basin: Evidence from lithium and silicon isotopes
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2014
Depth to water table correction for initial carbon-14 activities in groundwater mean residence time estimation
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 31-05-2021
Abstract: Abstract. Carbon-14 (14C) is routinely used to determine mean residence times (MRTs) of groundwater. 14C-based MRT calculations typically assume that the unsaturated zone is in equilibrium with the atmosphere, controlling the input 14C activity. However, multiple studies have shown that unsaturated zone 14C activities are lower than atmospheric values. Despite the availability of unsaturated zone 14C data, no attempt has been made to generalise initial 14C activities with depth to the water table. We utilise measurements of unsaturated zone 14C activities from 13 studies to produce a 14C-depth relationship to estimate initial 14C activities. The technique only requires the depth to the water table at the time of s ling, or an estimate of depth to water in the recharge zone to determine the input 14C activity, making it straightforward to apply. Applying this new relationship to two Australian datasets (113 14C measurements in groundwater) shows that MRT estimates were up to 9250 years younger when the 14C-depth correction was applied relative to conventional MRTs. These findings may have important implications for groundwater s les that suggest the mixing of young and old waters and the determination of the relative proportions of young and waters, whereby the estimated fraction of older water may be much younger than previously assumed. Owing to the simplicity of the application of the technique, this approach can be easily incorporated into existing correction schemes to assess the sensitivity of 14Cuz to MRTs derived from 14C data.
Using geochemistry to understand the sources and mean transit times of stream water in an intermittent river system: the upper Wimmera River, southeast Australia
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 31-01-2022
DOI: 10.5194/HESS-2022-18
Abstract: Abstract. Determining the mean transit times (MTTs) and water sources in catchments at different flow conditions helps better understand river functioning, manage riverine system health and water resources, and discern the responses to climate change and global water stress. Despite being common in a range of environments, understanding of MTTs and variable water sources in intermittent streams remain incomplete compared to perennial streams. Major ion geochemistry, stable isotopes, 14C, 3H and were used in this study to identify water sources and MTTs of a periodically-intermittent river from southeast Australia at different flow conditions, including zero-flow periods. The disconnected pool waters during the zero-flow period in the summer months of 2019 had 3H activities of 0.64 to 3.29 TU. These and the variations in total dissolved solids and stable isotopes imply that these pools contained a mixture of groundwater and younger evaporated stream water. 3H activities during the high-flow period in July 2019 were 1.85 to 3.00 TU, yielding MTTs of up to 17 years. The 3H activities at moderate and low-flow conditions in September and November 2019 ranged from 2.26 to 2.88 TU, implying MTTs of 1.6 to 7.8 years. Regional groundwater near the Wimmera River has 3H activities of 0.02 to 0.45 TU and 14C activities of 57 to 103 pMC and is not recharged by the river at high flows. The Wimmera River and other intermittent streams in southeast Australia are sustained by smaller volumes of younger catchment waters than comparable perennials streams, indicating that near-river stores have significant impacts on maintaining streamflow during low-flow periods than older deeper regional groundwater. These smaller reservoirs result in the intermittent streams being more susceptible to changes of climate and streamflow and necessitate protection of near-river corridors to maintain the health of the riverine systems.
Aquifer visualization for sustainable water management
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 02-03-2010
DOI: 10.1108/14777831011025580
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to develop a three dimensional (3D) geological model, based on geographic information system (GIS), of the Barwon Downs Graben aquifer system in Victoria, Australia, and to visualize the complex geometry as a decision support tool for sustainable water management. A 3D visualization of the aquifer is completed, based on subsurface geological modelling. The existing borehole database, hydrogeological data, geological information and surface topography are used to model the subsurface aquifer. ArcGIS 9.2 is employed for two‐dimensional (2D) GIS analysis and for 3D visualization and modelling geological objects computer aided design (GOCAD) 2.5.2 is used. The developed methodology of ArcGIS and GOCAD is implemented for creating the 3D geological model of the aquifer system. The 3D geomodel of the Barwon Downs Graben provides a new perspective of the complex subsurface aquifer geometry and its relation with surface hydrogeology in a more interactive manner. Considering the geometry, estimated volume of the unconfined Eastern View aquifer is as 0.83 × 10 10 m 3 and for the confined aquifer is about 1.02 × 10 10 m 3 . The total volume of overlying strata of this aquifer is about 3.0 9 × 10 10 m 3 . The water resources of the study area are affected by the pumping from this aquifer. This is also significantly influenced by the geometry of the Graben. The 3D model utilises comprehensive and generally available datasets in the public domain. Although the used 3D geomodelling tools are mainly developed for applications in the petroleum industry, the current paper shows its ability to be adapted to hydrogeological investigations.
Understanding the sources and transit times of water contributing streamflow from intermittent headwater catchments in semi-arid areas
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 23-03-2020
DOI: 10.5194/EGUSPHERE-EGU2020-2030
Abstract: & & Intermittent headwater catchments constitute a significant proportion of many stream networks. In semi-arid climates, intermittent headwater streams flow only following periods of sustained rainfall. There is commonly a rapid response of streamflow to rainfall however, whether this is the input of recent rainfall or displacement of water stored in the catchments for several years is not well known. Understanding the sources and transit times of water that contribute to streamflow is important for the maintenance of stream health and predicting the response of land-use changes.& & & & The study focuses on two intermittent streams from two contrasting land-use (pasture and forest) in southeast Australia. The native eucalyptus forests in this region were originally cleared for grazing following European settlement & sup& ~& /sup& years ago and then partially replaced by plantation in the last & sup& ~& /sup& years. Stream water and groundwater from the riparian zone adjacent to the streams were s led between May and October 2018.& & & & The stream water has & sup& & /sup& H activities of 1.30 to 3.17 TU in the pasture and 1.84 to 3.99 TU in the forest, with higher activities recorded during the higher winter flows. Groundwater from the riparian zone has & sup& & /sup& H activities of 0.16 to 0.79 TU in the pasture and 2.01 to 4.10 TU in the forest. Aside from one riparian zone groundwater s le, all & sup& & /sup& H activities of groundwater in the riparian zone are lower than those of recent local rainfall (& sup& ~& /sup& .79 TU). The single high & sup& & /sup& H activity in riparian zone possibly reflects recharge by winter rainfall with higher & sup& & /sup& H activities.& & & & The mean transit times (MTTs) of water were estimated using a range of tracer lumped parameter models. The riparian zone groundwater has greater MTTs of hundreds of years in the pasture and up to 9 years in the forest. At high streamflow, the stream water has MTTs of & years in the pasture and the forest. The MTTs of stream water at low streamflow vary from 15 to 42 years in the pasture and from 3 to 16 years in the forest. The long MTTs of water from streams indicate that the source water is not just recent rainfall, rather water stored in the riparian zone is mobilised at the commencement of flow and recent rainfall makes a larger contribution at higher flows. The observation is consistent with the major ion geochemistry of the stream water, which most closely represents that of the riparian zone groundwater. The differences in MTTs of stream water between two contrasting land-use imply that the streamflow has been being most likely impacted by land-use changes. Thus, it is necessary to improve the strategies for catchment management to protect stream health from land-use practices.& &
The evolution of groundwater in the Tyrrell catchment, south-central Murray Basin, Victoria, Australia
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 19-07-2006
Groundwater mean residence time of a sub-tropical barrier sand island
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 19-08-2019
Abstract: Abstract. Fresh groundwater on barrier islands is affected by changing sea levels, groundwater use and precipitation variability due to climate change. These systems are also vulnerable to contamination and groundwater over-abstraction. Constraining groundwater mean residence times (MRT) and flow paths are essential for understanding and managing these resources. This study uses tritium (3H) and carbon-14 (14C) to determine the MRT of groundwater along a bore transect across North Stradbroke Island, South-East Queensland, Australia. Hydraulic properties, major ion geochemistry and stable isotopes are used to validate residence times, and to identify processes responsible for their variability. 3H activities range from 150 years. Recharge occurs over the entire island and groundwater MRT increase vertically and laterally towards the coastal discharge areas. MRT estimated from 14C display similar spatial relationships but have a much greater range (modern to up approximately 5000 years). Water ersion and retention by perched aquifers with underlying lower permeability units in the unsaturated part of the dune systems are so far the most likely course for relatively long MRT. The results indicate that these perched aquifer systems are probably wide spread and have a significant influence on regional recharge. The geochemical composition of groundwater remains relatively consistent throughout the island, with the only irregularities attributed to old groundwater stored within coastal peat. The outcomes of this study enhance the understanding of groundwater flow, recharge ersion and inhibition for large coastal sand masses in general. For south-east Queensland, it allows the existing regional groundwater flow model to be refined by incorporating independent MRT to test model validities. The location of this large fresh groundwater reservoir, in dry and populous South East Queensland, means its potential to be used as a water source is always high. Background information on aquifer distribution and groundwater MRT are crucial to better validate impact assessment for water abstraction.
Using <sup>14</sup>C and <sup>3</sup>H to understand groundwater flow and recharge in an aquifer window
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 09-12-2014
DOI: 10.5194/HESS-18-4951-2014
Abstract: Abstract. Knowledge of groundwater residence times and recharge locations is vital to the sustainable management of groundwater resources. Here we investigate groundwater residence times and patterns of recharge in the Gellibrand Valley, southeast Australia, where outcropping aquifer sediments of the Eastern View Formation form an "aquifer window" that may receive diffuse recharge from rainfall and recharge from the Gellibrand River. To determine recharge patterns and groundwater flow paths, environmental isotopes (3H, 14C, δ13C, δ18O, δ2H) are used in conjunction with groundwater geochemistry and continuous monitoring of groundwater elevation and electrical conductivity. The water table fluctuates by 0.9 to 3.7 m annually, implying recharge rates of 90 and 372 mm yr−1. However, residence times of shallow (11 to 29 m) groundwater determined by 14C are between 100 and 10 000 years, 3H activities are negligible in most of the groundwater, and groundwater electrical conductivity remains constant over the period of study. Deeper groundwater with older 14C ages has lower δ18O values than younger, shallower groundwater, which is consistent with it being derived from greater altitudes. The combined geochemistry data indicate that local recharge from precipitation within the valley occurs through the aquifer window, however much of the groundwater in the Gellibrand Valley predominantly originates from the regional recharge zone, the Barongarook High. The Gellibrand Valley is a regional discharge zone with upward head gradients that limits local recharge to the upper 10 m of the aquifer. Additionally, the groundwater head gradients adjacent to the Gellibrand River are generally upwards, implying that it does not recharge the surrounding groundwater and has limited bank storage. 14C ages and Cl concentrations are well correlated and Cl concentrations may be used to provide a first-order estimate of groundwater residence times. Progressively lower chloride concentrations from 10 000 years BP to the present day are interpreted to indicate an increase in recharge rates on the Barongarook High.
A Novel Method Using a Silicone Diffusion Membrane for Continuous 222Rn Measurements for the Quantification of Groundwater Discharge to Streams and Rivers
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 26-09-2011
DOI: 10.1021/ES202683Z
Abstract: ²²²Rn is a natural radionuclide that is commonly used as tracer to quantify groundwater discharge to streams, rivers, lakes, and coastal environments. The use of sporadic point measurements provides little information about short- to medium-term processes (hours to weeks) at the groundwater-surface water interface. Here we present a novel method for high-resolution autonomous, and continuous, measurement of ²²²Rn in rivers and streams using a silicone diffusion membrane system coupled to a solid-state radon-in-air detector (RAD7). In this system water is pumped through a silicone diffusion tube placed inside an outer air circuit tube that is connected to the detector. ²²²Rn diffuses from the water into the air loop, and the ²²²Rn activity in the air is measured. By optimizing the membrane tube length, wall thickness, and water flow rates through the membrane, it was possible to quantify radon variations over times scales of about 3 h. The detection limit for the entire system with 20 min counting was 18 Bq m⁻³ at the 3σ level. Deployment of the system on a small urban stream showed that groundwater discharge is dynamic, with changes in ²²²Rn activity doubling on the scale of hours in response to increased stream flow.
Regional oxygen isotope zonation at Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia; large-scale fluid flow and implications for Pb-Zn-Ag mineralization
Publisher: Society of Economic Geologists
Date: 05-1999
Supplementary material to "Depth to water table correction for initial carbon-14 activities in groundwater mean residence time estimation"
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 31-05-2021
Fluid generation, vein formation and the degree of fluid-rock interaction during decompression of high-pressure terranes: The Schistes Lustres, Alpine Corsica, France
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-2000
Investigating the spatio-temporal variability in groundwater and surface water interactions: A multi-technique approach
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 06-09-2013
DOI: 10.5194/HESS-17-3437-2013
Abstract: Abstract. The interaction between groundwater and surface water along the Tambo and Nicholson rivers, southeast Australia, was investigated using 222Rn, Cl, differential flow gauging, head gradients, electrical conductivity (EC) and temperature profiles. Head gradients, temperature profiles, Cl concentrations and 222Rn activities all indicate higher groundwater fluxes to the Tambo River in areas of increased topographic variation where the potential to form large groundwater–surface water gradients is greater. Groundwater discharge to the Tambo River calculated by Cl mass balance was significantly lower (1.48 × 104 to 1.41 × 103 m3 day−1) than discharge estimated by 222Rn mass balance (5.35 × 105 to 9.56 × 103 m3 day−1) and differential flow gauging (5.41 × 105 to 6.30 × 103 m3 day−1) due to bank return waters. While groundwater s ling from the bank of the Tambo River was intended to account for changes in groundwater chemistry associated with bank infiltration, variations in bank infiltration between s le sites remain unaccounted for, limiting the use of Cl as an effective tracer. Groundwater discharge to both the Tambo and Nicholson rivers was the highest under high-flow conditions in the days to weeks following significant rainfall, indicating that the rivers are well connected to a groundwater system that is responsive to rainfall. Groundwater constituted the lowest proportion of river discharge during times of increased rainfall that followed dry periods, while groundwater constituted the highest proportion of river discharge under baseflow conditions (21.4% of the Tambo in April 2010 and 18.9% of the Nicholson in September 2010).
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