ORCID Profile
0000-0002-2098-8875
Current Organisations
UNSW Sydney
,
Australia & New Zealand Tongzhi Rainbow Alliance Inc
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Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2016
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-02-2022
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 07-06-2023
DOI: 10.3390/LAWS12030053
Abstract: It has been more than ten years since the nationwide sentencing standardization reform was implemented in China to solve the widespread problem of uneven sentencing in criminal justice. A statistical analysis of 1595 written judgments of illegal possession of drugs showed that the reform of sentencing for the standardization amount-based crimes has achieved remarkable results, and judges’ discretion has been highly normative and consistent. Under the same criminal circumstances, the degree of consistency between the amount involved in the crime and imprisonment has significantly increased, which is more in line with the standards of formal justice. However, the effect of the sentencing standardization reform declined as the amount involved in the crime increased. This exposes the shortcomings of the standardized sentencing model when considering multiple crimes these include confusion between the amount and circumstances of a crime, the imbalance between crime and punishment, and the application of discretionary circumstances in sentencing depending on the amount involved in the crime. Therefore, it is necessary to attach more importance to the evaluation of the legitimacy of the sentencing range established by criminal law in subsequent sentencing reforms and to further refine and perfect the standardized sentencing mode, with a shift from formal justice to justice in form and substance.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-06-2015
Abstract: Enteral feed intolerance occurs frequently in critically ill patients and can be associated with adverse outcomes. "Energy-dense formulae" (ie, >1 kcal/mL) are often prescribed to critically ill patients to reduce administered volume and are presumed to maintain or increase calorie delivery. The aim of this study was to compare gastric emptying of standard and energy-dense formulae in critically ill patients. In a retrospective comparison of 2 studies, data were analyzed from 2 groups of patients that received a radiolabeled 100-mL "meal" containing either standard calories (1 kcal/mL) or concentrated calories (energy-dense formulae 2 kcal/mL). Gastric emptying was measured using a scintigraphic technique. Radioisotope data were collected for 4 hours and gastric emptying quantified. Data are presented as mean ± SE or median [interquartile range] as appropriate. Forty patients were studied (n = 18, energy-dense formulae n = 22, standard). Groups were well matched in terms of demographics. However, patients in the energy-dense formula group were studied earlier in their intensive care unit admission (P = .02) and had a greater proportion requiring inotropes (P = .002). A similar amount of calories emptied out of the stomach per unit time (P = .57), but in patients receiving energy-dense formulae, a greater volume of meal was retained in the stomach (P = .045), consistent with slower gastric emptying. In critically ill patients, the administration of the same volume of a concentrated enteral nutrition formula may not result in the delivery of more calories to the small intestine over time because gastric emptying is slowed.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 30-06-2022
DOI: 10.3390/SU14138034
Abstract: The export trade of China, the factory of the world, promotes economic growth while increasing carbon emissions. This study integrates China’s multi-regional input–output table and the world input–output table to explore the international transfer-in effect and foreign spillover effect of carbon emissions caused by China’s export trade. A structural decomposition analysis model is also used to identify the influencing factors of carbon emissions caused by China’s export trade of intermediate and final products. Results show that: (1) 45.13–58.87% of the transfer-in carbon emissions resulting from China’s export trade are caused by developed countries and 41.13–54.87% by developing countries (2) the foreign spillover effect caused by China’s export trade is primarily associated with developing countries, accounting for 63.79–69.61% (3) carbon emissions caused by the export of intermediate products (final products) in China are primarily caused by the scale effect (industrial linkage). China should adjust the structure of its export trade in accordance with the characteristics of embodied carbon emissions in export trade to achieve low-carbon development.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-08-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2016
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 15-09-2022
DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2022.2119186
Abstract: Family plays an essential role in drug-related behavior. Based on a case study of the Lin family, whose members have all taken drugs for almost 20 years but have now completed community rehabilitation, in this study, we attempted to reveal the specific operating mechanisms of the family during the process of rehabilitation. In the analysis process, we ided the drug-use history of this family into three stages from a diachronic dimension: promote-disorder-control we used family politics as the theoretical framework. During the drug-use promotion stage (1990-1999), all members began to use drugs. During the disorder stage (2000-2017), the Lin family members consistently relapsed intermittently due to the brutal effects of social forces and the lack of family order. Finally, in the control stage (2018-2021), the Lin family established a new family order and completed rehabilitation. The establishment process produced changes in the family politics structure, including a shift in the center of power and the decision-making patterns. Additionally, we found that the interweaving of love and power was another key trait of family politics, embodied in behavior regulation, resource sharing, and maintaining dignity among members, which further consolidated the establishment of the new family order. The results of our analysis of endogenous family change both enrich the abstract concept of family support in addiction recovery and present the potential a family has in recovery.
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2016
Publisher: American Diabetes Association
Date: 12-07-2016
DOI: 10.2337/DBI16-0023
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 10-2020
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 28-07-2022
DOI: 10.3390/BS12080258
Abstract: How PWUD (people who use drugs) live under drug governance is an important research question. This study adopts a qualitative research method to explore how PWUD in China self-manage after perceiving the dilemma of incomplete citizenship and the social pressure brought by drug control arrangements. Through analysis of 130 PWUD’s files and in-depth interviews with 10 interviewees (from the 24 preliminary interviews), this study found that PWUD developed action strategies of hidden mobility (spatial isolation), disconnection of past experiences (time isolation), instrumental actions, as well as narrative strategies of reframing themselves as ordinary citizens with attempts of reversing identity disadvantages. Further, PWUD’s self-management strategies manifest as a disengagement model in which the actors (PWUD, not rehabilitation agencies) do not intend to develop integrative positive identities through dispersed, practiced behavioral strategies, but attempt to return to pre-addiction, non-socially exclusionary citizenship experiences. The disengagement model and its negative effect on PWUD’s social integration help us reflect on the current implementation of rehabilitation projects and institutional settings of drug governance.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 09-2016
DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000001815
Abstract: The optimal blood glucose target in critically ill patients with preexisting diabetes and chronic hyperglycemia is unknown. In such patients, we aimed to determine whether a “ liberal” approach to glycemic control would reduce hypoglycemia and glycemic variability and appear safe. Prospective, open-label, sequential-period exploratory study. Medical-surgical ICU. During sequential 6-month periods, we studied 83 patients with preexisting type 2 diabetes and chronic hyperglycemia (glycated hemoglobin, ≥ 7.0% at ICU admission). During the “standard care” period, 52 patients received insulin to treat blood glucose concentrations greater than 10 mmol/L whereas during the “liberal” period, 31 patients received insulin to treat blood glucose concentrations greater than 14 mmol/L. Time-weighted mean glucose concentrations and the number and duration of moderate ( 4.0 mmol/L) and severe (≤ 2.2 mmol/L) hypoglycemic episodes were recorded, with moderate and severe hypoglycemic episodes grouped together. Glycemic variability was assessed by calculating the coefficient of variability for each patient. Safety was evaluated using clinical outcomes and plasma concentrations of markers of inflammation, glucose-turnover, and oxidative stress. Mean glucose (TWglucose day 0–7 , standard care: 9.3 [1.8] vs liberal: 10.3 [2.1] mmol/L p = 0.02) and nadir blood glucose (4.4 [1.5] vs 5.5 [1.6] mmol/L p 0.01) were increased during the liberal period. There was a signal toward reduced risk of moderate-severe hypoglycemia (relative risk: liberal compared with standard care: 0.47 [95% CI, 0.19–1.13] p = 0.09). Ten patients (19%) during the standard period and one patient (3%) during the liberal period had recurrent episodes of moderate-severe hypoglycemia. Liberal therapy reduced glycemic variability (coefficient of variability, 33.2% [12.9%] vs 23.8% [7.7%] p 0.01). Biomarker data and clinical outcomes were similar. In critically ill patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic hyperglycaemia, liberal glycemic control appears to attenuate glycemic variability and may reduce the prevalence of moderate-severe hypoglycemia.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 15-05-2023
DOI: 10.3390/HEALTHCARE11101440
Abstract: The potential health value and pitfalls of e-cigarettes are currently under dispute in the scientific community. Exploring young adult e-cigarette users’ perceptions would assist in adding a public dimension of understanding to the literature and in scientific public health decision making. Therefore, in this study, we collected and analyzed data from interviews with young adult (n = 14) e-cigarette users and found that many referred to e-cigarettes as “snacks,” indicating that they considered that both their frequency of use and addiction were manageable and that they could stop using e-cigarettes at any time. To further understand the behavior of Chinese young adults in relation to their perception of e-cigarettes as a “snack”, the study developed a social context framework (crossroads model) and psychological judgment model to explain how youth e-cigarette users’ perception of “controlled addiction and ready cessation” arises. These models can be used to assess the effectiveness of e-cigarette policy.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 09-2016
DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000001715
Abstract: To quantify gallbladder dysfunction during critical illness. Prospective observational comparison study of nutrient-stimulated gallbladder emptying in health and critical illness. Single-centre mixed medical/surgical ICU. Twenty-four mechanically ventilated critically ill patients suitable to receive enteral nutrition were compared with 12 healthy subjects. Participants were studied after an 8-hour fast. Between 0 and 120 minutes, high-fat nutrient (20% intralipid) was infused via a postpyloric catheter into the duodenum at 2 kcal/min. Three-dimensional images of the gallbladder were acquired at 30-minute intervals from –30 to 180 minutes. Ejection fraction (%) was calculated as changes between 0 and 120 minutes. Blood s les were obtained at 30-minute intervals for plasma cholecystokinin. Data are mean ( sd ) or median [interquartile range]. In the critically ill, fasting gallbladder volumes (critically ill, 61 mL [36–100 mL] vs healthy, 22 mL [15–25] mL p 0.001] and wall thickness (0.45 mm [0.15 mm] vs 0.26 mm [0.08 mm] p 0.001] were substantially greater, and sludge was evident in the majority of patients (71% vs 0%). Nutrient-stimulated emptying was incomplete in the critically ill after 120 minutes but was essentially complete in the healthy in iduals (22 mL [9–66 mL] vs 4 mL [3–5 mL] p 0.01]. In five critically ill patients (21%), there was no change in gallbladder volume in response to nutrient, and overall ejection fraction was reduced in the critically ill (50% [8–83%] vs 77 [72–84%] p = 0.01]. There were no differences in fasting or incremental cholecystokinin concentrations. Fasted critically ill patients have larger, thicker-walled gallbladders than healthy subjects and nutrient-stimulated gallbladder emptying is impaired with “gallbladder paresis” occurring in approximately 20%.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 09-2016
DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000001656
Abstract: Glycated hemoglobin A1c is used to estimate glycemic control. However, its value upon ICU admission may be altered by critical illness and not reflect true glycemic status. We assessed the relationship between ICU admission glycated hemoglobin A1c and premorbid glycated hemoglobin A1c levels. Retrospective observational cohort study. Two tertiary ICUs in Australia. Cohort of 69 critically ill patients with diabetes and glycated hemoglobin A1c levels measured upon ICU admission and during the month prior to admission. Measurement of glycated hemoglobin A1c. Mean ( sd ) glycated hemoglobin A1c level was 7.5% (1.8%) upon ICU admission and 7.8% (2.0%) in previous measurements from the preceding 30 days. The change in glycated hemoglobin A1c did not correlate with time elapsed between the two measurements ( r 2 = 0.00005 p = 0.95), but there was a strong correlation between admission glycated hemoglobin A1c levels and premorbid glycated hemoglobin A1c levels ( r 2 = 0.89 p 0.001). Glycated hemoglobin A1c levels are not altered by the onset of critical illness. Glycated hemoglobin A1c quantified at ICU admission can, therefore, be used to reliably estimate chronic glycemic control and guide acute glycemic therapy.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 09-2016
DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000001742
Abstract: To assess the feasibility, safety, and impact on relative hypoglycemia of liberal versus conventional blood glucose concentration targets in critically ill diabetic patients. Prospective, open-label, sequential-period exploratory study. A 22-bed multidisciplinary ICU of a tertiary care hospital in Australia. Eighty adult diabetic patients, 40 from the conventional before period and 40 from the liberal after period. Blood glucose concentration targets were 6–10 mmol/L during the before period and 10–14 mmol/L during the after period. We used admission glycated hemoglobin to estimate premorbid baseline blood glucose concentration. We defined glycemic distance as the difference between blood glucose concentration in ICU and baseline blood glucose concentration. During the first 48 ICU hours, we recorded absolute (blood glucose concentration, 3.9 mmol/L) and relative (glycemic distance, 30% below baseline) hypoglycemia rates, insulin administration, and outcomes. The groups had similar baseline characteristics. We observed a negative glycemic distance in 248 of 488 blood glucose concentrations (50.8%) during the before period and 164 of 485 (33.8%) during the after period ( p 0.001). We detected relative hypoglycemia in 20 (50.0%) and nine (22.5%) patients in the before and after periods, respectively ( p = 0.01). On day 1, 50.0% and 16.7% received insulin in the before and after periods ( p = 0.007). ICU and hospital length of stay and mortality were similar between groups. In a safety cohort of critically ill diabetic patients, a blood glucose concentration target of 10–14 mmol/L resulted in fewer episodes of negative glycemic distance or relative hypoglycemia and reduced insulin administration compared with a target of 6–10 mmol/L.
Location: Australia
No related grants have been discovered for Apei Song.