ORCID Profile
0009-0002-6855-3472
Current Organisations
Agence Nationale de Recherches sur le SIDA et les Hépatites Virales
,
Sorbonne Université
,
Université Pierre et Marie Curie
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Publications
Prospective Study of the Effects of Antiretroviral Therapy on Kaposi Sarcoma–Associated Herpesvirus Infection in Patients With and Without Kaposi Sarcoma
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 12-2002
DOI: 10.1097/00126334-200212010-00003
Abstract: To investigate the effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on circulating Kaposi sarcoma (KS)-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) load in HIV-infected in iduals with and without KS. Twenty-nine HIV-infected subjects (21 with KS and 8 without KS) were recruited for the study they were prospectively studied before and at regular intervals during HAART. Patients with KS were clinically assessed using Adult Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) criteria, and sequential blood s les were obtained from all patients for determination of plasma HIV-1 load, CD4 cell count, titer of antibody to KSHV, and KSHV load. Ten of 21 patients with KS had a favorable KS response (complete response, 6 partial response, 4) with HAART alone. Of the 20 subjects with detectable KSHV viremia prior to HAART, over one half (12 [60%]) had an undetectable KSHV load with antiretroviral therapy. There was no significant difference between subjects receiving protease inhibitor- or nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-based treatment combinations. Achieving undetectable KSHV viremia is associated with a better clinical outcome in patients with KS. To our knowledge, we demonstrate for the first time that both protease inhibitor-based and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-based antiretroviral treatment combinations may lead to an undetectable KSHV load and confirm that an undetectable KSHV load is associated with KS regression. There was no clear association between CD4 cell count response and KS response to HAART, but there was a significant relationship between HIV load response to HAART and clinical improvement of KS.
PANGEA-HIV 2: Phylogenetics And Networks for Generalised Epidemics in Africa.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 05-2019
Inferring HIV-1 transmission networks and sources of epidemic spread in Africa with deep-sequence phylogenetic analysis
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-03-2019
DOI: 10.1038/S41467-019-09139-4
Abstract: To prevent new infections with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in sub-Saharan Africa, UNAIDS recommends targeting interventions to populations that are at high risk of acquiring and passing on the virus. Yet it is often unclear who and where these ‘source’ populations are. Here we demonstrate how viral deep-sequencing can be used to reconstruct HIV-1 transmission networks and to infer the direction of transmission in these networks. We are able to deep-sequence virus from a large population-based s le of infected in iduals in Rakai District, Uganda, reconstruct partial transmission networks, and infer the direction of transmission within them at an estimated error rate of 16.3% [8.8–28.3%]. With this error rate, deep-sequence phylogenetics cannot be used against in iduals in legal contexts, but is sufficiently low for population-level inferences into the sources of epidemic spread. The technique presents new opportunities for characterizing source populations and for targeting of HIV-1 prevention interventions in Africa.
Mapping of HIV-1C Transmission Networks Reveals Extensive Spread of Viral Lineages Across Villages in Botswana Treatment-as-Prevention Trial
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 03-06-2020
Abstract: Phylogenetic mapping of HIV-1 lineages circulating across defined geographical locations is promising for better understanding HIV transmission networks to design optimal prevention interventions. We obtained near full-length HIV-1 genome sequences from people living with HIV (PLWH), including participants on antiretroviral treatment in the Botswana Combination Prevention Project, conducted in 30 Botswana communities in 2013–2018. Phylogenetic relationships among viral sequences were estimated by maximum likelihood. We obtained 6078 near full-length HIV-1C genome sequences from 6075 PLWH. We identified 984 phylogenetically distinct HIV-1 lineages (molecular HIV clusters) circulating in Botswana by mid-2018, with 2–27 members per cluster. Of these, dyads accounted for 62%, approximately 32% (n = 316) were found in single communities, and 68% (n = 668) were spread across multiple communities. Men in clusters were approximately 3 years older than women (median age 42 years, vs 39 years P & .0001). In 65% of clusters, men were older than women, while in 35% of clusters women were older than men. The majority of identified viral lineages were spread across multiple communities. A large number of circulating phylogenetically distinct HIV-1C lineages (molecular HIV clusters) suggests highly ersified HIV transmission networks across Botswana communities by 2018.
Recombination Analysis of Near Full-Length HIV-1 Sequences and the Identification of a Potential New Circulating Recombinant Form from Rakai, Uganda
Publisher: Mary Ann Liebert Inc
Date: 06-2020
Bone mineral density and inflammatory and bone biomarkers after darunavir–ritonavir combined with either raltegravir or tenofovir–emtricitabine in antiretroviral-naive adults with HIV-1: a substudy of
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2015
Ritonavir-boosted darunavir combined with raltegravir or tenofovir–emtricitabine in antiretroviral-naive adults infected with HIV-1: 96 week results from the NEAT001/ANRS143 randomised non-inferiority
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2014
Identification of Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus (KSHV)-Specific Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Epitopes and Evaluation of Reconstitution of KSHV-Specific Responses in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Ty
Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
Date: 15-03-2002
DOI: 10.1128/JVI.76.6.2634-2640.2002
Abstract: Following the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), the incidence of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) has significantly declined in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-positive (HIV-1 + ) in iduals and clinical remission is often observed. We hypothesize that these effects are partly due to anti-KS-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) immune restoration. Here, 15-mer overlapping peptides from proteins K12 and K8.1 were used to identify novel KSHV-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte epitopes. Three immunogenic peptides, two lytic and one latent, were subsequently used to monitor the anti-KSHV CD8 + T-cell responses in a cohort of 19 HIV-1 + KSHV +/− KS +/− in iduals during 52 weeks of HAART. KSHV and HIV-1 loads, KSHV antibody titers, and both CD4 + and CD8 + T-lymphocyte counts were enumerated. Prior to HAART, the total number of spot-forming cells (SFC) for all three peptides correlated with both CD4 + and CD8 + T-lymphocyte counts ( P ≤ 0.05) in the KSHV-positive KS-positive cohort ( n = 11). Following 52 weeks of HAART, significant decreases in HIV-1 and KSHV loads were associated with significant increases in CD4 + T-lymphocyte counts and number of SFC for the three KSHV-specific peptides. Although these increases were modest in comparison to the number of SFC observed with the HIV-1 gag peptide SLYNTVATL, they represented a fourfold increase from the baseline, continuing an upward trend to week 52.
First cases of Omicron in France are exhibiting mild symptoms, November 2021–January 2022
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2022
Size distribution dependence of prion aggregates infectivity
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2009
DOI: 10.1016/J.MBS.2008.10.007
Abstract: We consider a model for the polymerization (fragmentation) process involved in infectious prion self-replication and study both its dynamics and non-zero steady state. We address several issues. Firstly, we extend a previous study of the nucleated polymerization model [M.L. Greer, L. Pujo-Menjouet, G.F. Webb, A mathematical analysis of the dynamics of prion proliferation, J. Theoret. Biol. 242 (2006) 598 H. Engler, J. Pruss, G.F. Webb, Analysis of a model for the dynamics of prions II, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 324 (2006) 98] to take into account size dependent replicative properties of prion aggregates. This is achieved by a choice of coefficients in the model that are not constant. Secondly, we show stability results for this steady state for general coefficients where reduction to a system of differential equations is not possible. We use a duality method based on recent ideas developed for population models. These results confirm the potential influence of the amyloid precursor production rate in promoting amyloidogenic diseases. Finally, we investigate how the converting factor may depend upon the aggregate size. Besides the confirmation that size-independent parameters are unlikely to occur, the present study suggests that the PrPsc aggregate size repartition is amongst the most relevant experimental data in order to investigate this dependence. In terms of prion strain, our results indicate that the PrPsc aggregate repartition could be a constraint during the adaptation mechanism of the species barrier overcoming, that opens experimental perspectives for prion amyloid polymerization and prion strain investigation.
Quantifying HIV transmission flow between high-prevalence hotspots and surrounding communities: a population-based study in Rakai, Uganda
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2020
Related Organisations
Agence Nationale De Recherches Sur Le Sida Et Les Hépatites Virales
Location: No location found
Agence Nationale De Recherches Sur Le SIDA Et Les Hépatites Virales
Location: France
Related Funding Activities
No related grants have been discovered for Vincent Calvez.