Heng Jiang

Action on minimum unit pricing of alcohol: a broader need

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 03-2018

DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)30496-3

Trends in alcohol expenditure in Australia from 1984 to 2015–2016: An exploratory study

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 18-04-2023

DOI: 10.1111/DAR.13662

Abstract: Excessive alcohol use is associated with non‐communicable diseases and social problems, such as work absence, financial problems and family violence. Expenditure and expenditure shares on alcohol are valuable measures to monitor financial activities on this risk behaviour. The aim of this paper is to report trends in alcohol expenditure in Australia over the last two decades. Data are from six waves of Australian Household Expenditure Surveys from 1984 to 2015–2016. We explored trends of alcohol expenditure among Australians and in different socio‐demographic groups in the last 30 years. We further examined changes of expenditure on different on‐ and off‐premises beverages over time. Absolute alcohol expenditure has remained the same between the 1980s and 2016, after accounting for inflation. However, a declining trend in relative alcohol expenditure as a proportion of total household expenditure was found across nearly all demographic groups (e.g., sex, age, employment, household income), except for women aged 45–54, who showed an increasing trend of alcohol expenditure after 1998–1999. The current study shows declines in relative alcohol expenditure, which may reflect declines in alcohol's relative importance within the elements of the person's lifestyle they need to pay for and/or increased awareness of alcohol's health and social harms. Further longitudinal analysis should explore additional predictors of household expenditure on alcohol. Results suggest that current bi‐annual indexation increases in alcohol tax should account for increases in income to ensure the effectiveness of pricing. Moreover, attention is needed to address drinking among middle‐aged females.

Correlates of caring for the drinkers and others among those harmed by another's drinking

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 28-07-2015

DOI: 10.1111/DAR.12175

Abstract: This study identifies the correlates of caring for harmful drinkers and others, and examines how caring for that person impacts on respondents' well-being and use of services. The study utilises the data from the 2008 Australian Alcohol Harm to Others Survey (n = 2649), in which 778 respondents reported they were harmed because of the drinking of someone they knew. Respondents were asked about the person they were most adversely affected by and whether they spent time caring for this person because of their drinking. Logistic regression models are developed to examine which factors were associated with the prevalence of caring for others. The study reveals that the respondents who cared for others because of the other's drinking reported lower quality of life than the respondents who did not have to do this. The results of the logistic regression suggest that respondents were more likely to care for the drinker if the drinker drank more (as the usual quantity of alcohol consumed increased), but less likely to care for the drinker if the drinker drank five or more drinks on more than four days per week. The findings of the study suggest that the drinking of family and friends can be a substantial burden for their households, families, friends and others. Policy approaches that reduce the amount of heavy drinking, particularly heavy drinking in a single occasion, are likely to reduce the burden of caring for others because of other's drinking.

Self-Medication Practice and Associated Factors among Residents in Wuhan, China

Publisher: MDPI AG

Date: 04-01-2018

DOI: 10.3390/IJERPH15010068

Price elasticity of on- and off-premises demand for alcoholic drinks: A Tobit analysis

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 06-2016

DOI: 10.1016/J.DRUGALCDEP.2016.04.026

Abstract: Understanding how price policies will affect alcohol consumption requires estimates of the impact of price on consumption among different types of drinkers and across different consumption settings. This study aims to estimate how changes in price could affect alcohol demand across different beverages, different settings (on-premise, e.g., bars, restaurants and off-premise, e.g., liquor stores, supermarkets), and different levels of drinking and income. Tobit analysis is employed to estimate own- and cross-price elasticities of alcohol demand among 11 subcategories of beverage based on beverage type and on- or off-premise supply, using cross-sectional data from the Australian arm of the International Alcohol Control Survey 2013. Further elasticity estimates were derived for sub-groups of drinkers based on their drinking and income levels. The results suggest that demand for nearly every subcategory of alcohol significantly responds to its own price change, except for on-premise spirits and ready-to-drink spirits. The estimated demand for off-premise beverages is more strongly affected by own price changes than the same beverages in on-premise settings. Demand for off-premise regular beer and off-premise cask wine is more price responsive than demand for other beverages. Harmful drinkers and lower income groups appear more price responsive than moderate drinkers and higher income groups. Our findings suggest that alcohol price policies, such as increasing alcohol taxes or introducing a minimum unit price, can reduce alcohol demand. Price appears to be particularly effective for reducing consumption and as well as alcohol-related harm among harmful drinkers and lower income drinkers.

The effects of random breath testing and lowering the minimum legal drinking age on traffic fatalities in Australian states

Publisher: BMJ

Date: 15-09-2014

DOI: 10.1136/INJURYPREV-2014-041303

Abstract: This study aims to apply time series analysis techniques to examine the effects of random breath testing (RBT) on three age-specific traffic fatalities in four Australian states while considering the effects of lowering the minimum legal drinking age (MLDA). Long-term time series of age-specific traffic crash deaths in four Australian states were used to analyse the impact of RBT implementation while considering the population growth, increase in motor vehicle registrations and the effects of lowering the MLDA. The results of intervention analysis indicate that RBT has substantially reduced traffic fatalities in all four states since it was introduced, particularly among the 17-year-olds to 20-year-olds and 21-year-olds to 30-year-olds. New South Wales received the biggest total net effect from RBT implementation on traffic deaths. By contrast, RBT produced only a modest reduction in traffic fatalities among 30-year-olds to 39-year-olds. Lowering the MLDA was associated with significant increases in traffic fatalities among 17-year-olds to 39-year-olds in Queensland and Western Australia. Controlling for the declining trend in traffic fatalities, the effects of changes in the MLDA law, the implementation of RBT has generated a huge effect, preventing an estimated 5279 traffic crash deaths in four Australian states. This provides further evidence that the implementation of RBT and increases in the MLDA are effective policies for reducing traffic fatalities.

Construction Price Prediction Using Vector Error Correction Models

Publisher: American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)

Date: 11-2013

DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0000729

Effects of changes to the taxation of beer on alcohol consumption and government revenue in Australia

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 08-2019

DOI: 10.1016/J.DRUGPO.2019.04.012

Abstract: In 1988, the Australian government introduced a single nominal rate of tax on all beer products calculated on alcohol content. However, in 2000/01, varying nominal rates of tax were introduced for beer products according to three alcohol content levels (low-/mid-/high-strength) and container type (on-/off-premises). Little is known about the effect of the different tax policies on alcohol consumption and government revenue. We undertake time series analysis over 1989-2016 to examine the effect of beer tax policies in two sub-periods (before/after 2000/01) on category-level beer consumption per capita and government revenue. We also test if the policy changes in 2000/01 had immediate or long-term effects on total (all beer category) consumption over 1989-2016. Data includes monthly domestic beer sales volumes by category (in litres of alcohol), monthly government revenue from beer tax (AUD$), and inflation-adjusted tax rates (AUD$ per litre of alcohol). Before 2000/01, the single nominal tax rate had a significant positive effect on revenue, but no significant effect on consumption. After 2000/01, the relatively higher nominal tax rates for two beer categories (mid- and high-strength off-premises) had a significant negative effect on their consumption, and a significant negative effect on revenue in one category (mid-strength off-premises). However, across the full period examined (1989-2016), the level and slope of total beer consumption was not significantly affected by the tax policy changes in 2000/01. Raising alcohol taxes has the potential to reduce consumption and increase government revenue, but has been underutilised for these public health and public finance objectives in Australia.

Alcohol marketing and youth drinking in Asia

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 15-05-2017

DOI: 10.1111/ADD.13835

Can public health policies on alcohol and tobacco reduce a cancer epidemic? Australia's experience

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 27-11-2019

DOI: 10.1186/S12916-019-1453-Z

Abstract: Although long-term alcohol and tobacco use have widely been recognised as important risk factors for cancer, the impacts of alcohol and tobacco health policies on cancer mortality have not been examined in previous studies. This study aims to estimate the association of key alcohol and tobacco policy or events in Australia with changes in overall and five specific types of cancer mortality between the 1950s and 2013. Annual population-based time-series data between 1911 and 2013 on per capita alcohol and tobacco consumption and head and neck (lip, oral cavity, pharynx, larynx and oesophagus), lung, breast, colorectum and anus, liver and total cancer mortality data from the 1950s to 2013 were collected from the Australian Bureau of Statistics and Cancer Council Victoria, the WHO Cancer Mortality Database and the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. The policies with significant relations to changes in alcohol and tobacco consumption were identified in an initial model. Intervention dummies with estimated lags were then developed based on these key alcohol and tobacco policies and events and inserted into time-series models to estimate the relation of the particular policy changes with cancer mortality. Liquor licence liberalisation in the 1960s was significantly associated with increases in the level of population drinking and thereafter of male cancer mortality. The introduction of random breath testing programs in Australia after 1976 was associated with a reduction in population drinking and thereafter in cancer mortality for both men and women. Meanwhile, the release of UK and US public health reports on tobacco in 1962 and 1964 and the ban on cigarette ads on TV and radio in 1976 were found to have been associated with a reduction in Australian tobacco consumption and thereafter a reduction in mortality from all cancer types except liver cancer. Policy changes on alcohol and tobacco during the 1960s–1980s were associated with greater changes for men than for women, particularly for head and neck, lung and colorectum cancer sites. This study provides evidence that some changes to public health policies in Australia in the twentieth century were related to the changes in the population consumption of alcohol and tobacco, and in subsequent mortality from various cancers over the following 20 years.

Alcohol consumption and liver disease in Australia: a time series analysis of the period 1935-2006.

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 19-09-2013

DOI: 10.1093/ALCALC/AGT143

Off-premise alcohol purchasing in Australia: Variations by age group, income level and annual amount purchased

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 24-05-2016

DOI: 10.1111/DAR.12402

Abstract: To delineate what type and how much alcohol is purchased from different types of off-licence premises and how this varies across demographic sub-groups, as a basis for public debate and decisions on pricing and planning policies to reduce alcohol-related harm in Australia. The data on alcohol purchasing from off-licence premises are taken from the Australian Alcohol Consumption and Purchasing survey-a nationally representative landline and mobile telephone survey in 2013 on the experiences with alcohol consumption and purchasing of 2020 Australians aged 16+. The present analysis uses data from 1730 respondents who purchased alcohol from off-licence premises in the previous 6 months. The majority (54%) of alcohol purchased from off-licence premises was sold from liquor barns (large warehouse-style alcohol stores), with bottle shops (31%) the second most common outlet. Cask wine was the cheapest alcohol available at off-licence premises in Australia. Respondents in higher alcohol purchasing quintiles and with those with lower income purchased a higher percentage of cheaper alcohol in their total volume of purchasing than lower purchasing quintiles and those with middle and higher income, and younger respondents purchased more expensive alcohol than older age groups. A minimum unit price or increasing alcohol taxes may effectively reduce alcohol purchasing for lower income heavy alcohol purchasers and older age groups from off-licence premise sources, and may be less effective on younger age groups. [Jiang H, Callinan S, Livingston M, Room R. Off-premise alcohol purchasing in Australia: Variations by age group, income level and annual amount purchased. Drug Alcohol Rev 2017 :210-219].

IDENTIFYING DETERMINANTS OF DEMAND FOR CONSTRUCTION USING AN ECONOMETRIC APPROACH

Publisher: Vilnius Gediminas Technical University

Date: 23-12-2015

DOI: 10.3846/1648715X.2015.1072856

Abstract: Economic variation and its effects on construction demand have received a great deal of attention in construction economics studies. An understanding of future trends in demand for construction could influence investment strategies for a variety of parties, including construction developers, suppliers, property investors and financial institutions. This paper derives the determinants of demand for construction in Australia using an econometric approach to identify and evaluate economic indicators that affect construction demand. The forecasting contribution of different determinants of economic indicators and their categories to the demand for construction are further estimated. The results of this empirical study suggest that changes in consumer's expectation, income and production, and demography and labour force are closely correlated with the movement of construction demand and 14 economic indicators are identified as the determinants for construction demand. It was found that the changes in construction price, national income, size of population, unemployment rate, value or export, household expenditure and interest rates play key roles in explaining future variations in the demand for construction in Australia. Some “popular” macroeconomic indicators, such as GDP, established house price and bank loans produced inconclusive results.

Increasing the Price of Alcohol as an Obesity Prevention Measure: The Potential Cost-Effectiveness of Introducing a Uniform Volumetric Tax and a Minimum Floor Price on Alcohol in Australia

Publisher: MDPI AG

Date: 26-02-2020

DOI: 10.3390/NU12030603

Abstract: The objective of this study was to estimate, from an obesity prevention perspective, the cost-effectiveness of two potential policies that increase the price of alcohol in Australia: a volumetric tax applied to all alcohol (Intervention 1) and a minimum unit floor price (Intervention 2). Estimated changes in alcoholic drink consumption and corresponding changes in energy intake were calculated using the 2011–12 Australian Health Survey data, published price elasticities, and nutrition information. The incremental changes in body mass index (BMI), BMI-related disease outcomes, healthcare costs, and Health Adjusted Life Years (HALYs) were estimated using a validated model. Costs associated with each intervention were estimated for government and industry. Both interventions were estimated to lead to reductions in mean alcohol consumption (Intervention 1: 20.7% (95% Uncertainty Interval (UI): 20.2% to 21.1%) Intervention 2: 9.2% (95% UI: 8.9% to 9.6%)) reductions in mean population body weight (Intervention 1: 0.9 kg (95% UI: 0.84 to 0.96) Intervention 2: 0.45 kg (95% UI: 0.42 to 0.48)) HALYs gained (Intervention 1: 566,648 (95% UI: 497,431 to 647,262) Intervention 2: 317,653 (95% UI: 276,334 to 361,573)) and healthcare cost savings (Intervention 1: $5.8 billion (B) (95% UI: $5.1B to $6.6B) Intervention 2: $3.3B (95% UI: $2.9B to $3.7B)). Intervention costs were estimated as $24M for Intervention 1 and $30M for Intervention 2. Both interventions were dominant, resulting in health gains and cost savings. Increasing the price of alcohol is likely to be cost-effective from an obesity prevention perspective in the Australian context, provided consumers substitute alcoholic beverages with low or no kilojoule alternatives.

Commentary on Meier et al.: Gender disparities in the effects of alcohol pricing policies on consumption and harm reduction

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 28-05-2021

DOI: 10.1111/ADD.15569

How financial difficulties interplay with expenditures on alcohol: Australian experience

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 15-07-2015

DOI: 10.1007/S10389-015-0679-2

Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated With Workplace Violence Against General Practitioners in Hubei, China

Publisher: American Public Health Association

Date: 09-2018

DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2018.304519

Abstract: Objectives. To assess the prevalence and factors associated with physical and nonphysical violence in a s le of general practitioners (GPs). Methods. We used a cross-sectional design to collect data from December 2014 to March 2015 with a structured self-administered questionnaire from 1015 GPs in Hubei Province, Central China (response rate, 85.6%). We used a multivariable logistic regression model to identify the predictors associated with workplace violence toward GPs. Results. Of the respondents, 62.2% of respondents reported exposure to workplace violence in the preceding year, including 18.9% and 61.4% who encountered physical and nonphysical violence, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis suggested that GPs who were male, at a higher professional level, and who had a lower average monthly income were more likely to experience physical violence. Male GPs, less-experienced GPs, and those with administrative responsibility were more likely than their counterparts to encounter nonphysical violence. Conclusions. This study shows that the prevalence of workplace violence against GPs is high in Hubei, China. Creating a prevention strategy and providing safer workplace environments for GPs should be urgently prioritized.

Alcohol and related health issues in China: action needed

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 04-2015

DOI: 10.1016/S2214-109X(15)70017-3

Alcohol Consumption and Fatal Injuries in Australia Before and After Major Traffic Safety Initiatives: A Time Series Analysis

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 2015

DOI: 10.1111/ACER.12609

Abstract: The associations between population-level alcohol consumption and fatal injuries have been examined in a number of previous studies, but few have considered the external impacts of major policy interventions. This study aims to quantify the associations between per capita alcohol consumption and traffic and nontraffic injury mortality rates in Australia before and after major traffic safety initiatives (the introduction of compulsory seat belt legislation [CSBL] and random breath testing [RBT] in 1970s). Using data from 1924 to 2006, gender- and age-specific traffic and nontraffic mortality rates (15 years and above) were analyzed in relation to per capita alcohol consumption using time series analysis. The external effects of policy interventions were measured by inserting a dummy variable in the time series models. Statistically significant associations between per capita alcohol consumption and both types of fatal injuries were found for both males and females. The results suggest that an increase in per capita alcohol consumption of 1 l was accompanied by an increase in traffic mortality of 3.4 among males and 0.5 among females per 100,000 inhabitants and an increase in nontraffic mortality of 3.0 among males and 0.9 among females. The associations between alcohol consumption and fatal injury rates varied across age groups. The introduction of CSBL and RBT was associated with significant reductions in traffic crash mortality in Australia, particularly for males and young people. The magnitude and distribution of the preventive effects from the reduction in population drinking on fatal injuries vary across different gender and age groups, with the strongest preventive impacts on fatal injuries among people aged 15 to 29 and 70 years and above. The mechanisms behind these effects are unclear from this study, but are likely to be due to the strong association between per capita consumption and heavy drinking.

Queensland Alcohol-related violence and Night Time Economy Monitoring project (QUANTEM): A study protocol

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 05-10-2017

DOI: 10.1186/S12889-017-4811-9

Alcohol's involvement in an array of harms to intimate partners

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 11-06-2017

DOI: 10.1111/DAR.12435

Measuring and preventing alcohol use and related harm among young people in Asian countries: a thematic review

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 09-05-2018

DOI: 10.1186/S41256-018-0070-2

Market effects on forecasting construction prices using vector error correction models

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 03-04-2014

DOI: 10.1080/15623599.2014.899128

Prevalence and sociodemographic factors of risky drinking in Australian older adults

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 23-07-2020

DOI: 10.1111/DAR.13122

Forecasting construction demand: a vector error correction model with dummy variables

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 09-2011

DOI: 10.1080/01446193.2011.611522

Job Satisfaction and Its Associated Factors Among General Practitioners in China

Publisher: American Board of Family Medicine (ABFM)

Date: 05-2020

DOI: 10.3122/JABFM.2020.03.190126

Addiction research centres and the nurturing of creativity

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 26-11-2018

DOI: 10.1111/ADD.14075

Abstract: Established in 2006, the Centre for Alcohol Policy Research (CAPR) is Australia's only research centre with a primary focus on alcohol policy. CAPR has four main areas of research: alcohol policy impacts alcohol policy formation and regulatory processes involved in implementing alcohol policies patterns and trends in drinking and alcohol problems in the population and the influence of drinking norms, cultural practices and social contexts, particularly in interaction with alcohol policies. In this paper, we give ex les of key publications in each area. During the past decade, the number of staff employed at CAPR has increased steadily and now hovers at approximately 10. CAPR has supported the development of independent researchers who collaborate on a number of international projects, such as the Alcohol's Harm to Others study which is now replicated in approximately 30 countries. CAPR receives core funding from the Foundation for Alcohol Research and Education, and staff have been highly successful in securing additional competitive research funding. In 2016, CAPR moved to a new institutional setting at La Trobe University and celebrated 10 years of operation.

Alcohol's involvement in an array of harms to intimate partners

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 11-06-2017

DOI: 10.1111/DAR.12435

Measurement of Real Estate Bubble in China: An Overview of Direct Test Models Since 2003

Publisher: IEEE

Date: 05-2010

DOI: 10.1109/ICEE.2010.741

Alcohol's harm to others in 2021: Who bears the burden?

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 25-04-2023

DOI: 10.1111/ADD.16205

Abstract: Alcohol's harm to others (AHTO) has become a key driver of national and international alcohol policy. This study aimed to produce a contemporary, comprehensive estimate of the correlates and harms from others' drinking in 2021 in Australia. Across Australia, 2574 adults (1380 women 1172 men) were s led via two cross‐sectional survey modes: a random‐digit dial mobile phone s le of 1000 people and 1574 people from the Life in Australia™ panel survey. In 2021 participants were asked about harms they had experienced from the drinking of family, friends, co‐workers and the public in the past year. Applying combined s le weights from each mode, bivariable and adjusted multivariable logistic regressions were used to analyse differences in rates of AHTO by participant gender, age, residence in rural or metropolitan regions, country of birth, education and employment. In 2021, 23.6% reported being negatively affected by strangers' drinking and 21.3% by the drinking of someone they knew, with 34.3% reporting being negatively affected a lot or a little by either 42.4% of respondents reported specific harms from strangers' drinking. Thus, 48.1% of respondents reported any harm (negative effects or specific harms) from others' drinking. Women, younger people, Australian‐born and heavier episodic drinkers reported significantly higher rates of AHTO compared with other respondents. Smaller percentages (7.5%) of participants reported being harmed substantially by others' drinking, including by people they knew (5.8%) or strangers (2.3%). Stratified analyses showed that heavier drinking, furloughed, younger men who were born overseas in English‐speaking countries were affected by others' drinking, whereas women were affected regardless of these factors (apart from age). More than one‐third of Australian adults appear to have been negatively affected by others' drinking in 2021, with women, younger people and heavier drinkers at greater risk. Substantial harm appears to be more likely to arise from the drinking of people Australians know than from strangers' drinking.

Moderate drinker

Publisher: Qeios

Date: 07-11-2019

DOI: 10.32388/505967

Conceptual and methodological issues in studying alcohol's harm to others

Publisher: SAGE Publications

Date: 12-2016

DOI: 10.1515/NSAD-2016-0038

Abstract: While there is a longer history of concern about alcohol's harm to others, researchers' interest has intensified in the last few years. The background of variation in concern over time in different societies is outlined. Three main traditions of research have emerged: population survey studies of such harm from the perspective of the ‘other’ analysis of register or case-record data which includes information on the involvement of another's drinking in the case and qualitative studies of interactions and experiences involved in particular harms from others' drinking. In the course of the new spate of studies, many conceptual and methodological issues have arisen, some of which are considered in the paper. The erse types of harms which have been studied are discussed. The social and personal nature of many of the harms means they do not ft easily into a disability or costing model, raising questions about how they might best be counted and aggregated. Harm from others' drinking is inherently interactional, and subject to varying definitions of what counts as harm. The attribution to drinking, in the usual situation of conditional causation, is also subject to variation, with moral politics potentially coming into play. For measurement and comparison, account needs to be taken of cultural and in idual variations in perceptions and thresholds of what counts as a harm, and attribution to alcohol. The view from the windows of a population survey and of a response agency case register are often starkly different, and research is needed, as an input and spur to policy initiatives, on what influences this difference and whether and how the views might be reconciled.

Drugs and driving in China: Status and challenge

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 05-2016

DOI: 10.1016/J.DRUGPO.2016.02.026

Short-term changes in nightlife attendance and patron intoxication following alcohol restrictions in Queensland, Australia 11 Medical and Health Sciences 1117 Public Health and Health Services

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 12-11-2018

DOI: 10.1186/S12889-018-6098-X

The effects of alcohol pricing policies on consumption, health, social and economic outcomes, and health inequality in Australia: a protocol of an epidemiological modelling study

Publisher: BMJ

Date: 06-2019

DOI: 10.1136/BMJOPEN-2019-029918

Abstract: Alcohol use and misuse are associated with substantial health and social issues in Australia and internationally. Pricing policy is considered as one of the most effective means to reduce risky drinking and related harms. This protocol paper describes a study that will model and estimate the effects, effectiveness and cost–benefit of alcohol pricing policy initiatives in reducing risky drinking, health and social harms, and health inequalities among subpopulations in Australia. The study is a modelling and epidemiological study using data from various resources, such as survey, previous literatures and response agencies. A number of statistical procedures will be undertaken to evaluate the impact of different alcohol pricing policy initiatives on various outcomes, including alcohol consumption in population subgroups, and health and social problems, and to measure health inequalities and cost-effectiveness of those proposed pricing policies, such as a 10% tax increase on all alcohol beverages or introduction of a minimum unit price. The ethics approval of this study was obtained from the College Human Ethics Sub-Committee of the La Trobe University on 9 November 2017 (Ref: S17-206). While examining the heterogeneous effects of price policy across population subgroups, this study will provide the first comprehensive estimates of the likely impacts of alcohol price changes on health inequalities. The study will also provide sophisticated economic analyses of the impact of price policy changes, which is critical information for policy makers and will assist policy makers in directing resources to a more efficient alcohol strategy. Results will be made available to communities and societies, health departments and other researchers.

Analysis on professional identity and related factors among Chinese general practitioners: a National Cross-sectional Study

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 06-05-2020

DOI: 10.1186/S12875-020-01155-4

Abstract: Studies on professional identity and related factors among Chinese general practitioners (GPs) are unavailable. The objective of this study was to investigate the professional identity level of GPs in China and explore factors associated with GPs’ perceptions of their professional identity. A multistage stratified random s ling method was used to collect data with a structured self-administered questionnaire from 3236 GPs working in community health service institutions (CHIs) in China between October, 2017 and February, 2018. Professional identity was measured by the 13 items scale. Descriptive statistics were calculated and groups’ differences were estimated using nonparametric tests. Multiple linear stepwise regression analysis was used to analyze factors associated with professional identity among GPs. Based on a total score of 65 on the professional identity scale, the average score for GPs’ professional identity was 51.23 (SD = 6.56). Multiple linear stepwise regression analysis showed that GPs who practiced in Central China, with an administrative responsibility, at a moderate or higher income level, who frequently worked overtime, had more occupational development opportunities, with a higher level of job satisfaction and older GPs had higher levels of professional identity. Professional identity level among GPs in China is high. Region, administrative responsibility, income level, working overtime, occupational development opportunities, age, and job satisfaction were significant predictors of professional identity.

Who Purchases Low-Cost Alcohol in Australia?

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 23-06-2015

DOI: 10.1093/ALCALC/AGV066

Abstract: Debates surrounding potential price-based polices aimed at reducing alcohol-related harms tend to focus on the debate concerning who would be most affected-harmful or low-income drinkers. This study will investigate the characteristics of people who purchase low-cost alcohol using data from the Australian arm of the International Alcohol Control study. 1681 Australians aged 16 and over who had consumed alcohol and purchased it in off-licence premises were asked detailed questions about both practices. Low-cost alcohol was defined using cut-points of 80¢, $1.00 or $1.25 per Australian standard drink. With a $1.00 cut-off low income (OR = 2.1) and heavy drinkers (OR = 1.7) were more likely to purchase any low-cost alcohol. Harmful drinkers purchased more, and low-income drinkers less, alcohol priced at less than $1.00 per drink than high income and moderate drinkers respectively. The relationship between the proportion of units purchased at low cost and both drinker category and income is less clear, with hazardous, but not harmful, drinkers purchasing a lower proportion of units at low cost than moderate drinkers. The impact of minimum pricing on low income and harmful drinkers will depend on whether the proportion or total quantity of all alcohol purchased at low cost is considered. Based on absolute units of alcohol, minimum unit pricing could be differentially effective for heavier drinkers compared to other drinkers, particularly for young males.

A panel vector error correction approach to forecasting demand in regional construction markets

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 02-12-2014

DOI: 10.1080/01446193.2014.977800

Association of adiposity with diabetes: A national research among Chinese adults

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 24-07-2020

DOI: 10.1002/DMRR.3380

Abstract: Adiposity is an established risk factor for diabetes. The different measurements of adiposity for predicting diabetes have been compared in recent studies in Western countries. However, similar researches among Chinese adults are limited. Data were collected from a national survey conducted during September 2014 and May 2015 Among Chinese adults aged 40 years and older across 30 China's provinces. Multilevel model analysis was performed to examine the impacts of different obesity indices [body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), lipid accumulation product index (LAP), visceral adiposity index (VAI), and body adiposity index (BAI)] on the risk of diabetes. A total of 162 880 participants were included in this study. Of them, 54.47% were female. With an increase in BMI, WC, LAP, VAI, and BAI, the prevalence of diabetes significantly grew ( P 0.001). The multilevel model analysis showed that WC has the strongest impact on diabetes prevalence, while BAI was the weakest. For one SD increment in BMI, WC, LAP, VAI, and BAI, the prevalence of diabetes increased by 27.0% ( Odds Ratio (OR) = 1.270, 95% Confidence interval (CI) = 1.251–1.289), 37.4% ( OR = 1.374, 95% CI = 1.346–1.401), 28.1% ( OR = 1.281, 95% CI = 1.266–1.297), 22.0% ( OR = 1.220, 95% CI = 1.204–1.236), and 17.4% ( OR = 1.174, 95% CI = 1.151–1.192), respectively. Obesity indicators of BMI, WC, LAP, VAI, and BAI have significant positive relationships with the risk of diabetes. WC has the strongest impact on diabetes, while BAI has the weakest.

Commentary on Brennan et al.: Pros and cons of minimum unit price for alcohol

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 03-2023

DOI: 10.1111/ADD.16165

Child injury deaths linked with adult alcohol consumption: A time series analysis

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 04-2018

DOI: 10.1016/J.DRUGALCDEP.2017.11.024

Abstract: This paper aims to quantify the population-level associations between child injury deaths and adult (aged 15+ years) per capita alcohol consumption (PCC) and between child injury deaths and the impact of major alcohol and safety policy changes in Australia. All child deaths due to external causes during 1910-2013, and child deaths due specifically to road crashes, assaults, suicide and other external causes, were obtained from the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Child (0-14 year) mortality rates were analysed in relation to PCC using an Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average model. A positive association between PCC and overall child external mortality was identified. The estimated coefficient was 0.326 (p = .002), indicating that a 10% decrease in PCC was associated with a 3.3% reduction in child injury mortality. A positive association was identified for road traffic and other child injury mortality, but not assault injuries. The introduction of compulsory seatbelt legislation in combination with random breath testing was associated with a reduction in overall injury and road traffic child mortality. Decreasing the legal drinking age was associated with an increase in the rate of other external-cause child mortality. Reducing PCC in Australia is likely to result in a small but significant reduction in the injury mortality rate of children aged 0-14 years.

The Dynamic Effects of Changes in Prices and Affordability on Alcohol Consumption: An Impulse Response Analysis

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 12-06-2015

DOI: 10.1093/ALCALC/AGV064

Abstract: To investigate how changes in alcohol price and affordability are related to aggregate level alcohol consumption in Australia to help to inform effective price and tax policy to influence consumption. Annual time series data between 1974 and 2012 on price and per-capita consumption for beer, wine and spirits and average weekly income were collected from the Australian Bureau of Statistics. Using a Vector Autoregressive model and impulse response analysis, the dynamic responses of alcohol consumption to changes in alcohol prices and affordability were estimated. Alcohol consumption in Australia was negatively associated with alcohol price and positively associated with the affordability of alcohol. The results of the impulse response analysis suggest that a 10% increase in the alcohol price was associated with a 2% decrease in the population-level alcohol consumption in the following year, with further, diminishing, effects up to year 8, leading to an overall 6% reduction in total consumption. In contrast, when alcohol affordability increased, per-capita alcohol consumption increased over the following 6 years. Our findings suggest that increasing alcohol prices or taxes can help to reduce alcohol consumption at the population level in Australia. However, the impact of affordability in our findings highlights that pricing policies need to consider increases in income to ensure effectiveness. Alcohol price policy should only cautiously focus on in idual beverage types, because increasing the price of one beverage generally leads to an increase in consumption of substitutes.

Maternal smoking during pregnancy and the risk of strabismus in offspring: a meta‐analysis

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 06-11-2018

DOI: 10.1111/AOS.13953

Abstract: The effect of maternal smoking during pregnancy on strabismus in offspring remains unclear. We conducted a meta-analysis to summarize epidemiological evidences on the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and the risk of offspring strabismus. Eligible studies were searched from the PubMed, Ovid, Embase and CNKI databases up to May 2018. The qualities of included articles were assessed with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and the assessment scale recommended by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Odds ratios (ORs) corresponding with its 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled to estimate the effects of maternal cigarette smoking on the risk of offspring strabismus. Subgroup analyses and meta-regression were performed to explore the potential sources of heterogeneity. The Begg's test and Egger's test were used to assess the publication bias. Eleven articles involving 4,833 patients with strabismus were included. The pooled OR showed that maternal smoking during pregnancy was significantly associated with strabismus in offspring (OR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.32-1.60). Compared with less than 10 cigarettes per day (OR = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.06-1.29), maternal smoking 10 cigarettes or more per day during pregnancy significantly increased the risk of offspring strabismus (OR = 1.79, 95% CI = 1.39-2.31). The risk of developing esotropia and exotropia for smoking pregnant women, respectively, increased by 65% (OR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.31-2.09 and OR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.24-2.19) than those who did not smoke during pregnancy. Additionally, the increased risk of maternity smoking associated with offspring strabismus was stable across all subgroup analyses. Overall, maternal smoking during pregnancy was associated with a significantly increased risk of offspring strabismus and the result was persistent in subgroup analyses, suggesting the importance in changing smoking habit or smoking cessation for women who are pregnant or preparing to.

Measuring Time Spent Caring For Drinkers and Their Dependents

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 07-10-2017

DOI: 10.1093/ALCALC/AGW070

Abstract: To quantify the extent of time spent by family and friends caring for drinkers and their dependents, to estimate the cost of this time and to measure which factors predict time spent caring. Data are from a nationwide Alcohol's Harm to Others Survey of 2649 Australians, in which 778 respondents reported they were harmed by a known drinker. Time spent on four caring activities was self-reported by these respondents and tallied to estimate how many hours they spent caring for the drinker, the drinker's children or other dependents. Bivariate and multivariate linear regression models were employed to examine factors predicting time spent caring. Respondents who reported they were harmed by a drinker they knew had spent on average 32 h caring for this drinker and their dependents in the past 12 months. Applying these figures to the Australian population, but discounting by 90% because this time may be seen be a voluntary demonstration of connection, an annual cost of caring in 2008 would amount to AU$250 million. A significant positive association was found between time spent caring and the drinking level and drinking frequency of the heavy drinking other person. Caring for drinking family members, friends, co-workers and a drinker's dependents can be a substantial burden. Policy approaches that reduce population drinking and in idual risky drinking levels are potential means to reduce the burden of caring due to others' drinking.

House Price Bubble Estimations in Australia’s Capital Cities with Market Fundamentals

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 2011

DOI: 10.1080/14445921.2011.11104321

Alcohol and the Sustainable Development Goals

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 09-2016

DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31673-7

Cross-sectional Surveys of Financial Harm Associated With Others’ Drinking in 15 Countries: Unequal Effects on Women?

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 06-2020

DOI: 10.1016/J.DRUGALCDEP.2020.107949

Modelling the effects of alcohol pricing policies on alcohol consumption in subpopulations in Australia

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 14-01-2020

DOI: 10.1111/ADD.14898

Abstract: To model the effects of a range of alcohol pricing policies on alcohol consumption in subpopulation groups (e.g. alcohol consumption pattern, and age and income groups) in Australia. We used estimated price elasticities to model the effects of proposed pricing policies on consumption for 11 beverage categories among subpopulation groups. Australia. A total of 1789 adults (16+ years) who reported they purchased and consumed alcohol in the 2013 Australian International Alcohol Control Study, an adult population survey. Mean and percentage changes in alcohol consumption were estimated for each scenario across subgroups. The policy scenarios evaluated included: (1) increasing the excise rate 10% for all off-premise beverages (2) replacing the wine equalization tax with a volumetric excise rate equal to the current spirits tax rate (3) applying a uniform excise tax rate to all beverages equal to the current sprits tax rate and a 10 or 20% increase in it and(4) introducing a minimum unit price (MUP) on all beverages categories at $1.00, 1.30 or 1.50. The effects of different tax and MUP policies varied greatly across different subgroups. The effects of the MUP policy on alcohol consumption increased rapidly in the range from $1.00 to $1.50. Applying a uniform tax rate across all beverages equal to current spirits tax rate, or a 10 or 20% increase beyond that, could generate large reductions in overall alcohol consumption in Australia. Compared with the uniform tax rate with or without further tax increase, introducing a MUP at $1.30 or $1.50 could reduce consumption particularly among harmful drinkers and lower-income drinkers, with comparatively smaller impacts on moderate and higher-income drinkers. Both uniform excise tax and minimum unit price policies are predicted to reduce alcohol consumption in Australia. Minimum unit price policies are predicted to have a greater impact on drinking among harmful drinkers than moderate drinkers.

Temporal Associations of Alcohol and Tobacco Consumption With Cancer Mortality

Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)

Date: 13-07-2018

DOI: 10.1001/JAMANETWORKOPEN.2018.0713

Wuhan University Of Science And Technology

Location: China

View Organisation

Deakin University Geelong - Waterfront Campus

Location: Australia

View Organisation

La Trobe University

Location: Australia

View Organisation

RMIT University

Location: Australia

View Organisation

Turning Point Alcohol And Drug Centre

Location: Australia

View Organisation

Discovery Projects - Grant ID: DP200101781

Start Date: 12-2020

End Date: 12-2024

Amount: $280,358.00

Funder: Australian Research Council

Linkage Projects - Grant ID: LP210100181

Start Date: 10-2022

End Date: 10-2026

Amount: $792,672.00

Funder: Australian Research Council

Discovery Projects - Grant ID: DP200100496

Start Date: 2020

End Date: 12-2022

Amount: $140,829.00

Funder: Australian Research Council

Linkage Projects - Grant ID: LP190100698

Start Date: 05-2021

End Date: 05-2024

Amount: $502,501.00

Funder: Australian Research Council