ORCID Profile
0000-0002-3847-8478
Current Organisation
University of Leeds
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Publisher: Emerald
Date: 24-05-2022
DOI: 10.1108/IJCED-10-2021-0103
Abstract: The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between the participation in commercially- and socially-oriented Academics' Societal Engagement (ASE) activities, partnership choices, and funding preferences of academics working in public and private universities from Chile and Turkey. Chile represents a private-dominant higher education system (HES), while Turkey is public-dominant. This article presents the results of an international survey, the Academic Profession in Knowledge-based Society (APIKS), applied to academics from over 20 countries, including Chile and Turkey. Through a quantitative analysis the authors analyse how the dominant institutional type influences ASE activities, partnership choices, and funding preferences. Results from the analysis show that being part of a public or private university does not solely explain the activity type that academics engage with. Moreover, the rate of Chilean academics participating in ASE activities is more than twice that of Turkish academics regardless of the public-private distinction. Further research about the academic life and ASE activities using a qualitative approach can complement this study. Applying further in-depth interviews to obtain more information from external partners can provide different perspectives and help to better understand the ASE activities. Additional analysis could compare external activities by higher education institution (HEI) type regarding vocational/technical centres since the Chilean and Turkish private HEIs included in this study received a mix of public-private funds and are considered not-for-profit, so extending this research to include for-profit private HEIs may be worthwhile for additional comparison. More support and funding for the development of commercially-oriented ASE activities is recommended for Chile and Turkey's HES. In Turkey, a law-update in 2017 facilitates the establishment of technology transfer offices (TTOs) as companies within universities (Author, 2019). Though it is too early to know its effects, a positive contribution is anticipated. Centred Chile's private dominant HES, it would be appropriate for this type of system to also create different support structures to incentivise socially-oriented external activities and partnership opportunities. As done in other universities, the establishment of a community engagement office may provide professional guidance for partnership creations. Regardless of a country's HE public rivate dominance, erse sources of funding and support mechanisms can also be created to strengthen organisational and financial autonomy facilitating academics' participation in ASE activities. For ex le, universities can develop institutional policies to support academic establishment, lead or join in administration of non-governmental organisations, or form institutional media to deliver academics' viewpoints of social issues to the larger and non-academic audience. University managers should also empower the connection between academics and industry and business sector through different organisational structures such as Research Office, Science Park Incubators, Career Centre, while guiding and financially supporting academics' research commercialisation by their TTO experience and sources. The literature has studied the public-private higher education distinction in vast aspects, however, no empirical studies have explored it concerning ASE. Chile and Turkey propose interesting cases since they represent opposite ends considering the public-private predominance of higher education systems. Turkey exhibits a heavy public predominance, whereas Chile has a significantly strong private system.
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 07-11-2019
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 09-2022
Abstract: The first experimental study of the low-temperature kinetics of the gas-phase reaction of NH 2 with formaldehyde (CH 2 O) has been performed. This reaction has previously been suggested as a source of formamide (NH 2 CHO) in interstellar environments. A pulsed Laval nozzle equipped with laser-flash photolysis and laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy was used to create and monitor the temporal decay of NH 2 in the presence of CH 2 O. No loss of NH 2 could be observed via reaction with CH 2 O, and we place an upper limit on the rate coefficient of × 10 −12 cm 3 molecule −1 s −1 at 34 K. Ab initio calculations of the potential energy surface were combined with Rice–R sberger–Kassel–Marcus (RRKM) calculations to predict a rate coefficient of 6.2 × 10 −14 cm 3 molecule −1 s −1 at 35 K, consistent with the experimental results. The presence of a significant barrier, 18 kJ mol −1 , for the formation of formamide as a product, means that only the H-abstraction channel producing NH 3 + CHO, in which the transfer of an H atom can occur by quantum mechanical tunneling through a 23 kJ mol −1 barrier, is open at low temperatures. These results are in contrast with a recent theoretical study, which suggested that the reaction could proceed without a barrier and was therefore a viable route to gas-phase formamide formation. The calculated rate coefficients were used in an astrochemical model, which demonstrated that this reaction produces only negligible amounts of gas-phase formamide under interstellar and circumstellar conditions. The reaction of NH 2 with CH 2 O is therefore not an important source of formamide at low temperatures in interstellar environments.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 20-04-2021
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2023
DOI: 10.1039/D2CP05043A
Abstract: Rate coefficients for the reaction of CN with CH 2 O were measured for the first time below room temperature in the range 32–103 K using a pulsed Laval nozzle apparatus together with the Pulsed Laser Photolysis–Laser-Induced Fluorescence technique.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 22-06-2022
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
No related grants have been discovered for Niclas West.