Low-yield cigarettes and diminution of small airways lung function in long-term smokers

Funded Activity Summary

The modern cigarette has been designed to produce low yields of tar when the tobacco in the cigarette is burnt. The tar contains human carcinogens, and monitoring and regulating yields of tar has long been part of the comprehensive tobacco control strategy in Australia. This focus on tar has given an implicit endorsement of the low-yield cigarette as a safer cigarette. Recently, however, controversy has emerged about whether smoking low-yield cigarettes has reduced the harm done by smoking. The concern is that adenocarcinoma of the lung, a type of lung cancer that is most common in the small peripheral airways, has increased in frequency. This could be because the low-yield cigarette, with reduced yields of nicotine as well as tar, is smoked more intensely by smokers to compensate for the low nicotine. By smoking more intensely, we mean taking larger and more frequent puffs, inhaling the smoke deeply into the lungs, and holding the breath before expiring. This method of smoking would result in more tar particles being deposited in the peripheries of the lung where adenocarcinoma is most common. Because cigarette smoking has been linked also with other structural changes in the small airways of the lung, resulting in obstruction of airflow, we will test whether smoking low-yield cigarettes is associated with greater obstruction of the small airways than is smoking higher-yield cigarettes. To test whether the mechanism is the method of smoking, we will carefully describe and quantify each subject's pattern of smoking including the deposition of smoke-like Technegas particles in the peripheral lung.

Funded Activity Details

Start Date: 01-01-2004

End Date: 01-01-2005

Funding Scheme: NHMRC Project Grants

Funding Amount: $209,500.00

Funder: National Health and Medical Research Council

Research Topics

ANZSRC Field of Research (FoR)

Optical technology

ANZSRC Socio-Economic Objective (SEO)

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Other Keywords

Epidemiology | Lung cancer | Lung function | Obstructive airways disease | Public health | Smoking | Smoking related diseases | Tobacco control

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