A common characteristic of cancer is the failure of cells to die when they normally would. One of the problems with many cancer therapies is that they rely on the integrity of signalling pathways to the normal ‘death machinery’ of the cell to do their job. By understanding how the molecular death machine operates we are fashioning new drugs that can target it directly, thus bypassing the very pathways that are so frequently disrupted in tumour cells.
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infect 200 million and 50 million people world-wide, respectively, and there are no preventative vaccines. The work outlined in this fellowship seeks to understand the structure and function of the major surface proteins of these viruses, their ability to be recognised by the immune system and to develop a novel vaccine for the prevention of HCV.
Despite dramatic improvements in diagnosis, prevention and treatment of heart disease, cardiovascular disease remains the commonest cause of death in Australia. The continuing decline in mortality from ischaemic heart disease has been offset by an increase in the incidence of sudden cardiac death due to abnormal heart rhythms. By understanding the basic mechanisms underlying cardiac arrhythmias we are seeking to develop more effective therapies to treat and/or prevent sudden cardiac death.
Biomarkers For The Diagnosis And Prognostic Analysis Of Male Infertility
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$631,370.00
Summary
Male infertility is a common condition, affecting 1 in 15 men. Although a standard semen analysis is often performed to test whether a man is infertile, it is far from definitive. We have developed a new approach, by looking at proteins that are commonly missing from infertile sperm cells. From this analysis, we can definitively diagnose male infertility and are beginning to understand why men are becoming infertile.
My research is aimed at understanding how the structure and dynamics of proteins dictates their function. I use X-ray crystallography to determine the shapes of proteins. Proteins are not static, however - they move in complicated ways, and often their motion is critical to their function (molecular motors, for example). It is very difficult to 'watch' this movement in the lab, so I use computer simulation to try to understand how proteins move.
I am a reproductive biologist focused on women’s reproductive health. I am studying the reasons why some women are infertile have spontaneous abortions and pregnancy complications such as pre-eclampsia. My research will define the roles of molecules that are critical in the establishment of pregnancy and the formation of a health placenta and therefore a healthy baby.
Platelets are key blood elements that are essential for the prevention of bleeding in response to injury or infection. Overactive or spontaneously active platelets cause thrombosis and blood clot formation. My laboratory has identified new physiological pathways of activation of platelet metalloproteinases, the enzymes that regulate surface levels of the prothrombotic platelet receptors. By understanding this mechanism of receptor regulation, we can uniquely target platelet receptors in people w ....Platelets are key blood elements that are essential for the prevention of bleeding in response to injury or infection. Overactive or spontaneously active platelets cause thrombosis and blood clot formation. My laboratory has identified new physiological pathways of activation of platelet metalloproteinases, the enzymes that regulate surface levels of the prothrombotic platelet receptors. By understanding this mechanism of receptor regulation, we can uniquely target platelet receptors in people with prothrombotic pathologies.Read moreRead less
An inability to control human fertility is an issue of global significance. Frequently both unwanted pregnancies and infertility result from the same origin, a lack of understanding of how germ cells are produced. Within this fellowship I will define key processes involved in the manifestation of male fertility. Further I will extend these insights into both the fertility clinic but also into human health more broadly.
The genetic material is packaged in the cell nucleus with histone proteins. Modifications of histones determine if a particular area of the genome is active or repressed. We are investigating the roles of a family of histone modifying proteins, the MYST proteins. Mutations in these proteins cause intellectual disability and cancer. The research program will provide knowledge that may become the basis for the development of drugs for the treatment of cancer and neurodegenerative disorders.
It is clear that the health and disease burden of offspring can be programmed by events before birth. This project will answer questions as to how this programming occurs. My focus is to understand how the environment affects the oocyte, sperm and embryo and how this impacts on the offspring. We will specifically study the effects of obesity and nutritional status of the parents but also the in vitro environment with a view to improving IVF outcomes.