Developing and evaluating a theoretically grounded novice driver education program incorporating simulators. Australian young drivers are 13 per cent of the population but account for nearly a quarter of road deaths. This project aims to develop a research informed, theory-driven education intervention that includes a simulator component to improve their driving skills and attitudes. A process and outcome evaluation aims to assess the effectiveness of the training including the impact on how ind ....Developing and evaluating a theoretically grounded novice driver education program incorporating simulators. Australian young drivers are 13 per cent of the population but account for nearly a quarter of road deaths. This project aims to develop a research informed, theory-driven education intervention that includes a simulator component to improve their driving skills and attitudes. A process and outcome evaluation aims to assess the effectiveness of the training including the impact on how individuals learn to drive, changes in skill and attitudes as well as the influence on crashes and offences. It is intended that a second parallel study will adapt the intervention for Indigenous Australians and examine the effectiveness of this adaptation.Read moreRead less
It is now well established that there are genetic factors contributing to risk of depression but it is far from clear what these are and how they interact with environmental risk factors such as stressful life events (SLE) and poor social support (SS). A recent, highly cited paper has claimed that those carrying a particular genotype at the sertonin transporter gene are much more badly affected by stressful life events than other genotypes, and that this puts these people at much higher risk of ....It is now well established that there are genetic factors contributing to risk of depression but it is far from clear what these are and how they interact with environmental risk factors such as stressful life events (SLE) and poor social support (SS). A recent, highly cited paper has claimed that those carrying a particular genotype at the sertonin transporter gene are much more badly affected by stressful life events than other genotypes, and that this puts these people at much higher risk of depression. If true, this could have important practical implications for preventative mental health, in identifying those at greatest risk if depression and counselling them to avoid stressful situations. However, success in replicating this finding has been mixed, and this is possibly because another important risk factor, social support, has not been taken into account. We have DNA samples from over 5000 twins who have been assessed for depression and risk factors including SLE and SS. This will give us unprecedented power to estimate the importance of the genotype x environment interaction. We shall also type other genes that have been implicated in depression and check for interactions with life events and social support. Our results will inform preventative strategies in mental health practice.Read moreRead less
Using 3D printing to improve access to graphics by vision-impaired people. This project aims to investigate the possible benefits of 3D printing for production of accessible materials for vision-impaired people. Currently tactile graphics are used to provide severely vision-impaired adults and children with access to graphical content used in education and in orientation and mobility training. This project is expected to clarify the kinds of graphics for which 3D prints are better suited than ta ....Using 3D printing to improve access to graphics by vision-impaired people. This project aims to investigate the possible benefits of 3D printing for production of accessible materials for vision-impaired people. Currently tactile graphics are used to provide severely vision-impaired adults and children with access to graphical content used in education and in orientation and mobility training. This project is expected to clarify the kinds of graphics for which 3D prints are better suited than tactile graphics, and to build capacity within the national accessible format provision sector for the production and use of 3D prints. Benefits will include increased educational opportunities and quality of life for Australians with severe vision impairment, through improved access to graphic materials used in education and orientation and mobility training.
Read moreRead less
Discovery And Mechanisms Of Host Cell Factors In HIV Uncoating
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$635,098.00
Summary
HIV entry into the host cell involves release of its capsid, a protein shell protecting the viral genome. The capsid hijacks host proteins to cloak itself from cellular defenses while the cell has evolved sensors that can block viral infection. This proposal aims to discover proteins involved in this arms race between host and virus and decipher how they control capsid disassembly. This insight will help design new drugs against HIV infection and new ways to deliver genes for gene therapies.
Improving The Communication Of People With Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Clinical Trial
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$448,293.00
Summary
Traumatic brain injury is the leading cause of disability in young Australians, and is particularly prevalent in young men. The condition disturbs thinking and problem solving. Ultimately, these problems manifest in impaired verbal communication. Communication problems following traumatic brain injury can make critical relationships-such as father, husband, and employee-impossible to sustain. Those affected are socially inappropriate and uncomfortable to be around, which causes a lifetime of los ....Traumatic brain injury is the leading cause of disability in young Australians, and is particularly prevalent in young men. The condition disturbs thinking and problem solving. Ultimately, these problems manifest in impaired verbal communication. Communication problems following traumatic brain injury can make critical relationships-such as father, husband, and employee-impossible to sustain. Those affected are socially inappropriate and uncomfortable to be around, which causes a lifetime of lost friendships, unemployability, and social isolation. Minimisation of these lifelong effects is of the utmost importance to the health of those affected, and is critical to reducing the economic burden of the condition. Two approaches have been shown to improve the communication of those with traumatic brain injury. Training in social skills is helpful, as is training partners to deal with difficult communication behaviours. However, to date, no research has concurrently studied these two approaches to rehabilitation. Consequently, it is unknown whether best results are achieved with either one of the two methods, or both. The present project uses a clinical trials approach in an innovative evaluation of three methods of treating those with traumatic brain injury compared with a control group. The trial involves the conceptual advances of including cost effectiveness of treatment as an outcome measure, and inclusion of advanced methods to measure the intricacies of verbal communication. The multidisciplinary team of Chief Investigators has international track records in the requisite disciplines for the study of traumatic brain injury and its rehabilitation.Read moreRead less
Home helper robots: Understanding our future lives with human-like AI. This fellowship aims to understand and plan for the social effects of embedding ‘cute’ home helper robots into people’s everyday lives. The project is expected to generate new knowledge and resources to understand and respond to the emerging opportunities and risks associated with home helper robots, including their ability to support household tasks, and to provide child and aged care and companionship. Expected outcomes inc ....Home helper robots: Understanding our future lives with human-like AI. This fellowship aims to understand and plan for the social effects of embedding ‘cute’ home helper robots into people’s everyday lives. The project is expected to generate new knowledge and resources to understand and respond to the emerging opportunities and risks associated with home helper robots, including their ability to support household tasks, and to provide child and aged care and companionship. Expected outcomes include an improved understanding of anthropomorphised robots in everyday life and innovation in home helper robot theory and imaginaries. This should provide benefits such as informing robot design and policy to improve social outcomes, consumer protections and human-robot relationships.Read moreRead less
Discovery Early Career Researcher Award - Grant ID: DE180100687
Funder
Australian Research Council
Funding Amount
$364,446.00
Summary
Fostering making practices in people from low socio-economic backgrounds. This project aims to foster Do-It-Yourself (DIY) practices among people from low socio-economic (LSE) backgrounds in Australia by understanding existing practices at four diverse makerspaces and enabling LSE members to co-design technological prototypes that fit their own needs. Through a set of in-depth ethnographic studies and workshops, this research seeks to develop theories of creative collaborations (informed by empi ....Fostering making practices in people from low socio-economic backgrounds. This project aims to foster Do-It-Yourself (DIY) practices among people from low socio-economic (LSE) backgrounds in Australia by understanding existing practices at four diverse makerspaces and enabling LSE members to co-design technological prototypes that fit their own needs. Through a set of in-depth ethnographic studies and workshops, this research seeks to develop theories of creative collaborations (informed by empirical data), methods, and prototypes for engaging LSE members in DIY practices. This project will make our culture more inclusive, harness the strengths of LSE members, increase their community engagement, and raise their economic prospects.Read moreRead less
Digital Commemoration. This project investigates the interrelated commemorative practices, technology platforms, and social formations associated with digital commemoration. The urgency of this project arises as diverse forms of digital commemoration are increasingly used to express grief, solidarity and community, but are also a source of public and often personal disquiet. Digital commemoration is an emerging and often controversial practice with important implications for social institutions, ....Digital Commemoration. This project investigates the interrelated commemorative practices, technology platforms, and social formations associated with digital commemoration. The urgency of this project arises as diverse forms of digital commemoration are increasingly used to express grief, solidarity and community, but are also a source of public and often personal disquiet. Digital commemoration is an emerging and often controversial practice with important implications for social institutions, cultural conventions and personal values. This study makes a timely evidence-based contribution to an understanding of changing commemorative practices, their digital mediation, and the interactions between them.Read moreRead less
The Future Cemetery. This project aims to identify and critically assess the potential of innovative technologies to enhance the experience of the cemetery for an increasingly diverse, secular, and well-informed public, and to strengthen cemeteries’ community connections.
It will generate knowledge about the industry’s and the public’s future-oriented desires through an interdisciplinary, collaborative, and evidence-based assessment of emerging cemetery-based technologies including mobile apps, ....The Future Cemetery. This project aims to identify and critically assess the potential of innovative technologies to enhance the experience of the cemetery for an increasingly diverse, secular, and well-informed public, and to strengthen cemeteries’ community connections.
It will generate knowledge about the industry’s and the public’s future-oriented desires through an interdisciplinary, collaborative, and evidence-based assessment of emerging cemetery-based technologies including mobile apps, GPS systems, drones, holography, virtual reality, green burials, and resomation.
A key expected outcome is a future cemetery that makes sensitive use of technology to enhance its services to public and community, underpinned by scholarly research.
Read moreRead less
Development and Validation of Conceptual Models and Transferable Architectures to Support Self-Sustainable Community Portals. There is growing worldwide interest in the study of community portals because of their potential to bridge the 'digital divide' and promote community innovation. However, community portals are still poorly understood and often fail due to lack of adequate sustainability mechanisms. The proposed research extends our knowledge about community portals by developing formal co ....Development and Validation of Conceptual Models and Transferable Architectures to Support Self-Sustainable Community Portals. There is growing worldwide interest in the study of community portals because of their potential to bridge the 'digital divide' and promote community innovation. However, community portals are still poorly understood and often fail due to lack of adequate sustainability mechanisms. The proposed research extends our knowledge about community portals by developing formal conceptual models and transferable architectures for community portals. The project aims to use emerging modelling techniques to model the complex environment of a local community and derive an architecture based on that model. The project outcomes will include a conceptual model and transferable architecture for community portals.Read moreRead less