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Palliative Care Constituency, Utilisation & Impact On Health Care: A Western Australia Based Epidemiology & Sociological
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$150,000.00
Summary
Using the Western Australian linked database and in consultation with palliative care service providers, the study will: 1. Study patterns of palliative care delivery during the last 12 months of life, comparing utilisation between different socio-demographic groups and cause of death. 2. Study the relationships between the services provided and the terminally ill. 3. Develop a definition of those who utilise designated palliative care programs and apply it to ....Using the Western Australian linked database and in consultation with palliative care service providers, the study will: 1. Study patterns of palliative care delivery during the last 12 months of life, comparing utilisation between different socio-demographic groups and cause of death. 2. Study the relationships between the services provided and the terminally ill. 3. Develop a definition of those who utilise designated palliative care programs and apply it to the population of Western Australia in 1994-1999. 4. Develop a forecasting model to optimise the planning and delivery of palliative care service in Australia.Read moreRead less
We propose an integrated program of bioinformatics research and capacity building focused on functional genomics. We will address research problems in the analysis and interpretation of high-volume genomic and proteomic data, in comparative sequence analysis, in determining the relation between genotype and phenotype using mutagenesis screens, and in making effective use of single nucleotide polymorphisms. Our capacity building will focus on the research training of students (undergraduates thro ....We propose an integrated program of bioinformatics research and capacity building focused on functional genomics. We will address research problems in the analysis and interpretation of high-volume genomic and proteomic data, in comparative sequence analysis, in determining the relation between genotype and phenotype using mutagenesis screens, and in making effective use of single nucleotide polymorphisms. Our capacity building will focus on the research training of students (undergraduates through the UROP scheme, honours and PhD) and postdoctoral scholars.Read moreRead less
An Efficacy Study Of A Cognitive-communicative Intervention To Improve Transition To Residential Care In Dementia
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$681,083.00
Summary
The transition from home to a residential aged care facility (RACF) is a potentially traumatic process that has a negative impact on the health and well-being of both people with dementia and their caregivers. This project will develop an intervention program for people with dementia that maximizes their ability to learn and retain functional skills and that enhances the communicative competence of both people with dementia and their carergivers. This will serve to minimize the stress and disori ....The transition from home to a residential aged care facility (RACF) is a potentially traumatic process that has a negative impact on the health and well-being of both people with dementia and their caregivers. This project will develop an intervention program for people with dementia that maximizes their ability to learn and retain functional skills and that enhances the communicative competence of both people with dementia and their carergivers. This will serve to minimize the stress and disorientation, as well as accompanying increased risk of illness, of entering residential care. We will investigate whether this intervention program has good outcomes both for the people with dementia as well as their caregivers. The research will develop guidelines for the development of best-practice policies for service providers and the government, which will assist both health workers and homebased caregivers to better manage the transition of people with dementia from home to the RACF environment.Read moreRead less
Environmental Influences In The Establishment Of The Epigenetic Landscape In Children
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$695,097.00
Summary
The DNA in each of our cells does not exist alone, it is packaged into complex structures called chromosomes, through association with many different proteins. The distribution of these proteins varies along the length of a chromosome depending on the type of cell and this phenomenon is called 'epigenetics', literally meaning 'above the DNA'. Epigenetic analysis is the study of how proteins and other molecules can change the activity of a gene without changing the DNA sequence. All of our cells ....The DNA in each of our cells does not exist alone, it is packaged into complex structures called chromosomes, through association with many different proteins. The distribution of these proteins varies along the length of a chromosome depending on the type of cell and this phenomenon is called 'epigenetics', literally meaning 'above the DNA'. Epigenetic analysis is the study of how proteins and other molecules can change the activity of a gene without changing the DNA sequence. All of our cells use epigenetic changes to help control how they grow and develop. Evidence suggests a direct link between diet and environmental influences on our epigenetic profile. Recent research has traced the origins of many of the health problems of adult life back to the earliest periods of development _ to the time spent in the womb and the first few years of life. If we are born with a low birth weight, we are more likely to get sick later in life. Overwhelming evidence exists that the environment in the womb is critical for a healthy birth weight (and health in later life) and it is thought that epigenetics may be the missing link between this environment, low birth weight, and therefore health in later life. In addition, mounting evidence supports a general link between epigenetic de-regulation and predisposition to disease. However, the timing and the overall contribution of environmental- genetic influences to the establishment of faulty epigenetic markings remain largely unknown. Twins are the best model to study this link as they share similar (but not identical environments) and some share identical genetic makeup. Using twins, Dr Jeffrey Craig and his team will investigate the factors in the prenatal environment that modify specific cells, leading to low birth weight and increase disease risk later in life. They predict that this occurs via specific changes in gene activity caused by epigenetic disruption.Read moreRead less
A Computer Model Of Service Delivery For Behavioural And Psychological Symptoms Of Dementia: A Tool For Policy Makers An
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$400,108.00
Summary
Behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) affect approximate 90% of persons with dementia. BPSD include depression, aggression and psychosis and have negative effects on persons with dementia and carers. Management of BPSD is costly. This project will update and enhance our theoretical model of service delivery for BPSD by turning it into a computer-based model to assist health managers and policy makers. This model will incorporate the projected increase in prevalence of dementi ....Behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) affect approximate 90% of persons with dementia. BPSD include depression, aggression and psychosis and have negative effects on persons with dementia and carers. Management of BPSD is costly. This project will update and enhance our theoretical model of service delivery for BPSD by turning it into a computer-based model to assist health managers and policy makers. This model will incorporate the projected increase in prevalence of dementia and project associated costs of care into the future. It will also incorporate information about interventions for BPSD, and how they may affect prevalence and cost in the future.Read moreRead less
Models Of Care To Address Unmet Of Older Indigenous With Dementia Their Families And Communites Living In Remote WA
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$1,081,060.00
Summary
The health and unmet needs of older Indigenous people, particularly in remote and rural areas is generally under researched. It is well known that the life expectancy of indigenous people is approximately 20 years younger than non-Indigenous counterparts. Many illnesses generally experienced by non Indigenous people in older ages (e.g. 75 years) are seen at a much younger age in Indigenous populations. These conditions include dementia, falls, incontinence, premature heart disease and strokes. O ....The health and unmet needs of older Indigenous people, particularly in remote and rural areas is generally under researched. It is well known that the life expectancy of indigenous people is approximately 20 years younger than non-Indigenous counterparts. Many illnesses generally experienced by non Indigenous people in older ages (e.g. 75 years) are seen at a much younger age in Indigenous populations. These conditions include dementia, falls, incontinence, premature heart disease and strokes. Over the last 4 years the applicants of this project have started to address some of the health related problems faced by older Indigenous people, particularly the challenging area of dementia. The authors have developed a culturally appropriate assessment tool to help determine if an older Indigenous person has dementia. This has been very successful and is now frequently used by health professionals in remote and rural areas of Australia. A survey is in the final stages of completion to determine the estimated number of people in remote areas of the Kimberley who manifest signs and symptoms of dementia and associated old age diseases. Preliminary data sadly indicate that the frequency of dementia is higher than expected for people of this age group. The next phase of this project is to determine the unmet needs of this vulnerable group, by interviewing those with dementia and their families, communities and service providers in remote areas of Kimberley and Pilbara. This will determine culturally appropriate and practical ways to provide care to assist those with this condition and their families and communities.Read moreRead less
Avian Influenza - National Perception Of Risks To Paramedics And Innovative Ambulance Service Population-based Models Of
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$297,909.00
Summary
This research addresses the important public health role of prehospital Emergency Medical Services (EMS) in containing and managing contagion should an influenza pandemic evolve in Australia. Paramedics are front line health staff and in the event of a pandemic will be among the first members of the community to face exposure to infection. This research will explore the attitudes and perceptions of paramedics and their families to working in epidemic conditions, provide prediction of behavioural ....This research addresses the important public health role of prehospital Emergency Medical Services (EMS) in containing and managing contagion should an influenza pandemic evolve in Australia. Paramedics are front line health staff and in the event of a pandemic will be among the first members of the community to face exposure to infection. This research will explore the attitudes and perceptions of paramedics and their families to working in epidemic conditions, provide prediction of behavioural responses to highly infectious environments, and a clear understanding of attitudes to infection control and use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). Knowledge of how to manage and support the responses of frontline health workers to an infectious disease outbreak is critical to the emergency system response. This project aims to mitigate the effects of perceived risk of infection on attitudes and behaviour of paramedics, by informing health promotion and infection-prevention messages to paramedics and their families. This research will also explore the emerging role of ambulance services as a key component of a public health surveillance system to provide an early warning of pandemic disease outbreaks and facilitate implementation of effective disease control strategies. Current triage systems, used for allocation of patients to appropriate treatment and-or quarantine, are not designed for epidemic environments, and may inadvertently facilitate disease spread and delay identification of victims requiring immediate care and-or quarantine. This project will explore the utility of a population-based triage tool to control an infectious disease outbreak by reducing patient-to-patient disease transmission. The project will facilitate expansion of current public health disease surveillance strategies and triage mechanisms for use during an epidemic, to effectively manage increased workloads within a highly infectious environment, whilst maintaining usual emergency medical services.Read moreRead less