Mechanisms Of Photoprotection By Vitamin D And Analogs
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$438,186.00
Summary
Our discoveries have clearly shown that vitamin D compounds produced in skin due to UV exposure, have a role in protecting skin from further UV damage. The studies are designed to further examine the mechanism of this photoprotective effect, as it appears to be novel. This will aid in the developmentof agents, which could be used as an after-sun lotion to gain some protection. As Australia has the highest skin cancer rates in the world, this would be of significant health and economic value.
Endocrine And Molecular Regulation Of Placental CRH Expression
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$466,980.00
Summary
Approximately 70% of infant death is associated with premature birth. Preterm birth occurs in 6-10% of pregnancies, and there has been no reduction in the rates of premature birth in the last 30 years. This is largely because we remain ignorant of how normal and abnormal birth is controlled. Understanding the physiology of human pregnancy is a critical step in the development of ways to detect and prevent preterm birth. Our group has demonstrated a link between production of a hormone (corticotr ....Approximately 70% of infant death is associated with premature birth. Preterm birth occurs in 6-10% of pregnancies, and there has been no reduction in the rates of premature birth in the last 30 years. This is largely because we remain ignorant of how normal and abnormal birth is controlled. Understanding the physiology of human pregnancy is a critical step in the development of ways to detect and prevent preterm birth. Our group has demonstrated a link between production of a hormone (corticotrophin releasing hormone, CRH) in the placenta and the length of time the baby is carried in the mother. In women who will deliver prematurely a rise in CRH occurs earlier in the pregnancy and more rapidly, while in women who deliver late the rise occurs more slowly. This work has given rise to the concept of a biological clock that determines the length of time the fetus will be carried by the mother before birth, and in which production of CRH in the placenta plays a central role. We have been studying how the CRH gene is controlled in placental cells. We have discovered some regions in the DNA of the CRH gene which have important roles in controlling how much CRH is made by the placenta. The experiments described in this research project will determine the molecular mechanisms that control the production of CRH in the human placenta. This will be done in two ways: (1) by examining the DNA sequences involved in controlling expression of the CRH gene and (2) by identifying the proteins that actually perform the regulating functions that result in either increased or decreased amounts of CRH being produced by the placenta. This important information will help us better understand how normal and abnormal birth is controlled, and from that knowledge new ways to detect and prevent premature birth can be invented.Read moreRead less
LKB1 - The Link Between Obesity And Breast Cancer In Postmenopausal Women
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$292,216.00
Summary
Obesity is a worldwide epidemic affecting 60% of Australians and is linked to many diseases including breast cancer. Changes in sex hormone levels during menopause may cause these diseases. The focus of this proposal is to determine the role of the sex hormones to regulate a protein (LKB1) involved in both fat metabolism and cancer. This research will benefit the ageing population by making a contribution toward generating therapeutics to combat obesity and breast cancer.
Pathways For Estrogen Feedback To Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone Neurons
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$466,980.00
Summary
Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) is the brain hormone that drives the reproductive process. In the female, a surge in the secretion of GnRH is the trigger for ovulation. An understanding of the mechanisms that regulate the secretion of GnRH is, therefore, extremely important if we are to decipher abnormalities that lead to infertility. Understanding of the ovulatory process is also important for the development of new (possibly simpler) means of contraception. Our research is intended to pr ....Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) is the brain hormone that drives the reproductive process. In the female, a surge in the secretion of GnRH is the trigger for ovulation. An understanding of the mechanisms that regulate the secretion of GnRH is, therefore, extremely important if we are to decipher abnormalities that lead to infertility. Understanding of the ovulatory process is also important for the development of new (possibly simpler) means of contraception. Our research is intended to provide a full understanding of the brain circuits that provide input to the GnRH neurons. In particular, we will focus on the microcircuitry in the preoptic area, where GnRH cells are found. In addition to providing a full understanding of the circuits that are primarily involved in regulating GnRH secretion, this work will provide a substrate upon which we can expand knowledge of how factors such as emotion and stress can impact on the reproductive process.Read moreRead less
I am a cellular physiologist investigating the role of ion channels, receptors and intracellular signalling systems in the control of hormone secretion from endocrine cells, contraction of cardiac myocytes and to a lesser extent, growth of endometrium can