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Preventing Early Academic Problems By Improving Working Memory: Translational Randomised Trial
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$831,085.00
Summary
Learning difficulties are common and can cause school failure and poor self-esteem. They are associated with specific problems with temporarily remembering and using information (‘working memory’). Research suggests that improving working memory might improve academic achievement. We will study this intervention in a large group of primary school children who have poor working memory. If successful, the intervention will provide a way to improve the learning skills of these high-risk children.
The Australian Study Of Cost And Utilities Related To Osteoporotic Fractures
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$411,627.00
Summary
The research will quantify the cost and quality of life impact of fragility fractures in Australia. The study design is based on an international study - International Costs and Utilities Related to Osteoporotic Fracutres Study (ICUORS) that aims to investigate the impact of osteoporosis-related fractures of the hip, spine and wrist. Results can be used to compare cost-effectiveness of different drugs and lifestyle interventions aiming to decrease the burden of osteoporosis in Australia.
There is strong evidence of an increased falls risk associated with cataract, a primary cause of vision impairment in older Australians. This research will determine factors contributing to increases in falls risk in people aged 70 years and older with cataract before surgery, between first and second eye surgery, and after second eye surgery. The findings can inform the optimal management of older people with cataract and limit negative health impacts of cataract-related injury and falls.
Consumer Co-payments For Subsidised Medicines: Impact On Access And Health Outcomes
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$465,838.00
Summary
Expenditure on pharmaceuticals subsidised under the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) in Australia was >$6.5b in 2003-04. In efforts to ensure that medicine costs remain affordable, the government instituted cost-effectiveness assessments for listing, brand premium policies and generic substitution and consumer copayments. International research suggests copayments may affect vulnerable populations(1-4) and impact adversely on medicine use(10). In Australia, dispensings of essential and di ....Expenditure on pharmaceuticals subsidised under the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) in Australia was >$6.5b in 2003-04. In efforts to ensure that medicine costs remain affordable, the government instituted cost-effectiveness assessments for listing, brand premium policies and generic substitution and consumer copayments. International research suggests copayments may affect vulnerable populations(1-4) and impact adversely on medicine use(10). In Australia, dispensings of essential and discretionary medicines fell immediately after the introduction of copayments for concessional card holders in 1991(5). Subsequent analysis found that low income general beneficiaries bore the greatest burden of copayments, with PBS expenditure accounting for 7.4% of their income, compared with 2.4% for those with high incomes(6). Costs appear to be becoming a barrier to medicine use in Australia, with a 2005 survey of 702 Australian adults who required regular medications finding 22% did not fill a prescription because of cost in the last 2 years(7). Similar results were reported in 2002 for 23% of 844 sicker Australian adults(8). A regional survey of 420 households found 20% reported they did not purchase all of their prescription medicines due to costs(9). Apart from the initial analysis of medication changes in 1991 as a result of copayment introduction(5), no Australian study has assessed the impact of these on medication use, nor on the impact of any changes in medication use on health outcomes. While copayments may effectively reduce the cost burden of the PBS to government, they may have an unintended negative effect if costs are generated elsewhere in the health system through increased hospitalisations or emergency department attendances as a result of omission of medicines. This research will explore the association between increasing copayments, medication and health service utilisation, information critical for informing policy on increasing consumer copayments.Read moreRead less
A Randomised Controlled Trial Of Outpatient Cervical Priming For Induction Of Labour
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$611,611.00
Summary
This study aims to compare two approaches that prepare pregnant women before they are induced to give birth. Eligible women who agree to be in the study will be allocated to receive (a) the usual, standard care already used in SA hospitals or, (b) a new method. In the new approach, women will have their labour primed by a midwife and will be discharged and further monitored by the midwife from hospital. This approach might give women a more satisfying experience with less medical intervention.
Using An Established Simulation Model To Determine Effective And Cost-effective Interventions To Mitigate Influenza Pandemics And Inform Public Health Policy
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$416,353.00
Summary
A novel disease spread and economic model is used to determine the cost-effectiveness of a range of mitigation strategies aimed at a future influenza pandemic. A simulation model generates data on which individuals become ill, morbidity and mortality characteristics, an economic costing model determines optimal interventions.