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Case-control Study Of Reasons For Presentation Of Nonmelanocytic Skin Cancers At An Advanced Stage.
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$250,614.00
Summary
There are about four times as many skin cancers treated in Australia each year as all other cancers combined and the vast majority of these are the nonmelanocytic skin cancers (NMSC). While most of these cancers are easily treatable, a proportion of these cancers are not given potentially effective treatment until the cancer has reached an advanced stage. Preliminary results from our pilot studies indicate that at least 50% of patients with NMSC who are treated with radiotherapy and 92% of NMSC ....There are about four times as many skin cancers treated in Australia each year as all other cancers combined and the vast majority of these are the nonmelanocytic skin cancers (NMSC). While most of these cancers are easily treatable, a proportion of these cancers are not given potentially effective treatment until the cancer has reached an advanced stage. Preliminary results from our pilot studies indicate that at least 50% of patients with NMSC who are treated with radiotherapy and 92% of NMSC patients treated with a graft or flap surgical procedure by the dermatologists in Newcastle are so treated because of the extent of disease at the primary site. These advanced stage cancers make an important contribution to the 70,000 admissions to hospital for the treatment of NMSC each year in Australia. The total direct health services cost of treatment of these skin cancers was estimated to be $232,000,000 in 1993-94, which was more than for any other type of cancer. Some 379 people died from nonmelanocytic skin cancer in Australia in 1993 and these were all potentially preventable deaths. The study aims are therefore to: 1. Measure the contributions of delay in seeking treatment and inadequate inital treatment to the need for treatment of skin cancer at an advanced stage. 2. Ascertain the factors that are associated with delay in seeking treatment for skin cancer until it has reached an advanced stage. This study will be the first substantial and population-based study of advanced skin cancer and the factors that underlie it. It will give the first empirical guidance to the design of initiatives to prevent the development of advanced skin cancer, a major area of cost to Australian health services. The study will increase understanding of why some skin cancers are not treated definitively until they reach an advanced stage and guide the development of interventions to reduce the frequency of patients who present with advanced stage skin cancer.Read moreRead less
Epidemiology And Prevention Of Viral Hepatitis-related Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$532,507.00
Summary
Liver cancer (HCC) is a serious global issue with high mortality. Viral hepatitis is a major risk and HCC can be prevented by early detection and treatment of hepatitis B infection. The PROLIFICA study aims to identify risks for HCC in West Africa, evaluate prevention strategies and develop simple diagnostic tests to help with HCC management in resource-poor settings. This important research will be directly translatable for HCC prevention in Australia and the Asia-Pacific region.
Centre For Research Excellence In Prostate Cancer Survivorship (CRE-PCS)
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$2,498,842.00
Summary
The Centre for Research Excellence in Prostate Cancer Survivorship will 1) develop, evaluate and translate responsive, equitable and accessible survivorship interventions for men with prostate cancer and their partners and families in high need areas 2) support evidence-based policy and practice in prostate cancer survivorship care 3) train and equip the workforce and its leaders to ensure translation and sustainably improve the underpinning health care and other relevant systems.
An Epidemic Of Vulvar Cancer In Young Women: Investigating The Role Of Human Papillomavirus And Genetic Susceptibility
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$489,706.00
Summary
Vulvar cancer is a rare disease; in 1993-1997 the age-adjusted incidence rate in Australia was 1.4 per 100,000 women (average 207 cases per year), similar to the incidence in most other countries. An epidemic of cases of vulvar cancer has been identified in younger Indigenous women living in remote communities in the Northern Territory (NT). Vulvar cancer is over fifty times more common in women aged less than 50 years in these communities than in the total Australian population. Women in these ....Vulvar cancer is a rare disease; in 1993-1997 the age-adjusted incidence rate in Australia was 1.4 per 100,000 women (average 207 cases per year), similar to the incidence in most other countries. An epidemic of cases of vulvar cancer has been identified in younger Indigenous women living in remote communities in the Northern Territory (NT). Vulvar cancer is over fifty times more common in women aged less than 50 years in these communities than in the total Australian population. Women in these communities also experience higher rates of high-grade Vulvar Intraepithelial Neoplasia (a pre-cursor to vulvar cancer), than elsewhere in the NT. Vulvar cancer is usually much more common in older women than younger women. In young women vulvar cancer and VIN are thought to be caused by infection with cancer causing strains of human papillomavirus (HPV), particularly the strain known as HPV16. In older women, vulvar cancer is not caused by HPV. In the remote communities in the NT, vulvar cancer is occurring almost entirely in young women, the amount of cancer occurring in older women in these communities is similar to the amount expected in the total Australian population. This project will investigate the cause of this epidemic of vulvar cancer and high-grade VIN. It will investigate whether HPV16 is more prevalent in these communities than elsewhere in Australia; whether there is a variant strain of HPV16 in these communites that is more virulent at causing cancer, and whether the disease occurs more commonly in families, which would mean that women in these communities inherit an increased susceptibility to vulvar cancer and VIN. This project will help to increase our understanding of vulvar cancer and VIN, help to control this epidemic, and inform whether the new HPV vaccines may be effective in preventing vulvar cancer in these communities.Read moreRead less