Androgen Receptor Activity In Normal And Abnormal Human Ovarian Function
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$416,696.00
Summary
Androgens are hormones normally associated with men, but women also produce androgens and they are essential for normal female health and reproduction. Imbalances in female androgen activity could account for approximately 50% of female infertility, but exactly how androgens behave in women is not well understood. Making too much androgen is the most common hormonal problem experienced by women in their reproductive years, and it affects the ovary in a way that can cause infertility. Women with ....Androgens are hormones normally associated with men, but women also produce androgens and they are essential for normal female health and reproduction. Imbalances in female androgen activity could account for approximately 50% of female infertility, but exactly how androgens behave in women is not well understood. Making too much androgen is the most common hormonal problem experienced by women in their reproductive years, and it affects the ovary in a way that can cause infertility. Women with this problem have polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Gaining weight increases the chance of having problems with fertility and increases the risk of diabetes and heart problems in women with PCOS. The cause of PCOS is unknown, but it can occur in families, which indicates that some genetic factor is involved. On the other hand, the concept that some women do not produce enough androgen is only beginning to emerge and remains a controversial topic among medical experts. Part of the problem with this notion is that normal female androgen levels are very difficult to measure accurately, so no one can say for certain how much is too little. A recent scientific study in female mice indicates that poor androgen action causes infertility early in life because the ovary is ageing too quickly. A similar thing could possibly occur in women, but this has never been scientifically explored. However, we have some early evidence that shows abnormally low androgen levels in infertile women with signs of early aging in the ovary. Our study aims to understand the role that androgens play in normal and abnormal ovarian function. A large part of this study involves investigation of the androgen receptor, a molecule that controls what androgens can do inside body organs. We think that abnormal activity of this receptor will be involved in ovarian diseases that cause infertility in women. This understanding may lead to new means of diagnosing and treating infertility in women.Read moreRead less
Preterm birth is a major cause of neonatal death and cerebral palsy. This grant will provide proof-of-concept that a computer program can be developed to predict a pregnant woman�s risk of preterm birth. There is a large market (4M US and 8M Europe), there are no competing technologies. This is a unique collaboration between Biomedical Engineering and an Australian centre with an international reputation in preterm birth, assisted by a pathology company.
Understanding Immune Tolerance In Pregnancy To Discover A New Intervention For The Treatment Of Pre-eclampsia
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$492,202.00
Summary
Pre-eclampsia is a common complication of pregnancy. Women who develop pre-eclampsia experience high blood pressure, swelling and lose protein in the urine. There is no treatment for pre-eclampsia other than delivery of the baby. Pre-eclampsia has risks for the mother and the baby. This research will discover whether generalised inflammation in the mother is a cause of pre-eclampsia and will evaluate the role of a novel treatment for its potential to prevent this life threatening condition.
Androgen Receptor Mechanims In Female Reproductive Physiology
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$539,773.00
Summary
Infertility occurs in one in six Australian couples with 50% attributable to females, thus, enhancing our understanding of ovarian and uterine function is of great importance. This project tests the proposal that androgens (steroid hormones) play a major role in regulating female reproductive physiology through their interaction with the androgen receptor. We have developed novel mouse models which we will use to determine the roles of androgens in regulating female reproductive function.
Mechanisms Of Escape From Progesterone-induced Suppression: Role In Normal And Preterm Birth
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$547,970.00
Summary
Prematurity caused by preterm birth is the leading cause of death and disease among newborns in Australia. Here we will define how the length of pregnancy is determined by the opposing actions of progesterone, which maintains pregnancy, and prostaglandins, which induce labour. We will demonstrate the mechanism by which the actions of the two hormones are balanced in normal pregnancy and disrupted in preterm labour. We will show that preterm birth can be prevented by correcting the disorder.
Discriminating The Roles Of Inhibin A And B In Reproductive Systems
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$312,576.00
Summary
Inhibin A and B are essential for the regulation of fertility based on their dual inhibitory actions on follicle stimulating hormone secretion by the pituitary and egg and sperm production in the gonads. An understanding of the mechanisms involved in inhibin A and B actions will: (1) identify novel biomarkers for the diagnosis of reproductive disorders (2) enhance the management of reproductive disorders (3) identify targets for the development of therapeutic means of modulating fertility
The Role Of Oocyte-secreted Proteins In Primate Follicular Cell Function
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$176,320.00
Summary
Mammalian eggs grow and develop in fluid filled sacks in the ovary called follicles. These structures nurture the egg for prolonged periods preparing it for ovulation and fertilisation. It has been known for some time that the quality of the follicular environment determines, in part, the developmental potential of the egg. Recent studies in mice have shown that the interaction between the egg and the follicle is in fact a two-way process, and that the egg is able to influence development of the ....Mammalian eggs grow and develop in fluid filled sacks in the ovary called follicles. These structures nurture the egg for prolonged periods preparing it for ovulation and fertilisation. It has been known for some time that the quality of the follicular environment determines, in part, the developmental potential of the egg. Recent studies in mice have shown that the interaction between the egg and the follicle is in fact a two-way process, and that the egg is able to influence development of the follicle. This project proposes to investigate these processes further in the laboratory mouse using new reagents available to us, and to extend these findings by investigating this communication pathway for the first time in a primate species. Because of the difficulty of undertaking such research using human material, we will use the marmoset monkey as a model. This exciting new development has important implications for women's health because it may help us understand why some women suffer from premature menopause or cystic ovaries, and in the longer term could help in the development of new types of contraceptives.Read moreRead less