I am a reproductive biologist whose research is focussed around understanding how the early events of conception and embryo development are controlled. Critical aspects of my research are to determine the consequences to pregnancy and adult health if the
Uptake of fertility preservation procedures (eg. egg and embryo freezing) prior to cancer treatment is increasing and women will return to use these to try to conceive. Radiation may damage the uterus and there is insufficient evidence to guide the management of those exposed to intermediate doses. The aim is to improve understanding of radiation effects on the uterus which will assist clinicians with deciding whether it can support a pregnancy, or if surrogacy should be advised.
Embryo implantation is a critical step in establishing pregnancy, requiring stable attachment of an embryo to the uterus. For this to occur, the embryo must be implantation competent and the uterus must be receptive. However, to date, little is known about the interactions between the two that determine a successful implantation in the human. This project will investigate a novel embryo-derived enzyme that drives human implantation. These studies are important to improve infertility treatment.
Seminal Plasma Cytokines As Novel Fertility Diagnostics In Men
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$101,000.00
Summary
Infertility and recurrent miscarriage affect 60-80 million couples globally, including 15% of couples in Australia. Current IVF therapy is not successful when the underlying reason for infertility is failure of the maternal tissues to support embryo implantation. We have discovered signaling proteins present in male semen that act in the female reproductive tissues to prepare for embryo implantation and healthy pregnancy. Recently we have identified those proteins and have shown that some men ha ....Infertility and recurrent miscarriage affect 60-80 million couples globally, including 15% of couples in Australia. Current IVF therapy is not successful when the underlying reason for infertility is failure of the maternal tissues to support embryo implantation. We have discovered signaling proteins present in male semen that act in the female reproductive tissues to prepare for embryo implantation and healthy pregnancy. Recently we have identified those proteins and have shown that some men have an imbalance in seminal proteins that leads to immune rejection of the embryo in the female partner. This project aims to develop a new test for male fertility that is based on seminal plasma proteins and independent of existing sperm count tests. Furthermore we will determine whether seminal protein imbalance can result from the �silent� presence of male reproductive tract infection.Read moreRead less
The aim of this project is to determine whether melatonin supplementation has an effect on cumulative pregnancy and delivery rates, allowing for the use of frozen embryos obtained during a melatonin treatment cycle. This will be achieved by a series of experiments designed to investigate the effect of melatonin on follicular fluid and culture media as well as assessing clinical pregnancy rates and delivery rates.
A Media Formulation To Improve Implantation Rates And Pregnancy Outcome Following ART
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$304,380.00
Summary
Since women are delaying childbearing, ART is increasingly required. 2-3% of births in Australia follow ART. Only 15-40% of embryo transfers in assisted reproduction (ART) result in ongoing pregnancies. The poor success rate is due to the fact that the embryo culture media bear no resemblance to the maternal environment in which they grow normally. The new culture media to be validated in this proposal includes factors that are critical for embryo implantation and will improve ART success.
Comparison Of Pregnancy Outcomes Following Transferring One Or Two Embryos In A Selected Group Of Infertility Patients.
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$120,302.00
Summary
Assisted reproductive technology (ART) deals with issues of fundamental importance to individuals involved, and society as a whole. Despite major advances, ART continues to be very costly in many regards. A major reason for this is the relatively low rate of pregnancy, which averages 25% per procedure. The common response to the problem of low pregnancy rates is to return several embryos to uterus. A dilemma associated with this strategy is the high risk of multiple pregnancy, which is associate ....Assisted reproductive technology (ART) deals with issues of fundamental importance to individuals involved, and society as a whole. Despite major advances, ART continues to be very costly in many regards. A major reason for this is the relatively low rate of pregnancy, which averages 25% per procedure. The common response to the problem of low pregnancy rates is to return several embryos to uterus. A dilemma associated with this strategy is the high risk of multiple pregnancy, which is associated with adverse consequences for mother and fetus(es). Compared to singleton births; fetal, neonatal, and perinatal mortality rates are 3-6 times higher in twins, and 5-15 times higher in multiple births of a higher order. Cerebral palsy rates among survivors are six times higher in twins and twenty times higher in triplets. The increase in the incidence of adverse outcomes related to multiple pregnancy has been well documented in ART. We propose a randomised controlled study to assess single embryo transfer (SET) compared to double embryo transfer (DET). Infertility women with a high risk of multiple pregnancy will be randomly allocated to receive one or two embryos, which is the usual treatment at present. We shall then examine the rates of single and multiple pregnancies, and the success of those pregnancies in this group of patients. Potential benefits to the community from this project are very substantial, as it has the capacity to substantially reduce the number of multiple births. Patients will also benefit by having more accurate information with which to make an informed choice during treatment.Read moreRead less
Proprotein Convertase 6: A Master Regulator For The Development Of Endometrial Receptivity And Embryo Implantation
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$424,846.00
Summary
Implantation of an embryo into the womb (uterus) is a key step for human development, without which the embryo will only be able to develop to a very early stage the blastocyst stage (about 8 days after fertilization). For successful implantation, the uterus has to prepare itself to be receptive; this preparation is crucial as an ill-prepared uterus will reject the embryo. Such implantation failure is a major cause of early pregnancy loss and female infertility; ~30% of pregnancies end in sponta ....Implantation of an embryo into the womb (uterus) is a key step for human development, without which the embryo will only be able to develop to a very early stage the blastocyst stage (about 8 days after fertilization). For successful implantation, the uterus has to prepare itself to be receptive; this preparation is crucial as an ill-prepared uterus will reject the embryo. Such implantation failure is a major cause of early pregnancy loss and female infertility; ~30% of pregnancies end in spontaneous abortion. How the uterus becomes receptive is not well understood. Our recent research has identified that proprotein convertase 6 (PC6), an important master switch responsible for activating other proteins, is tightly regulated in the uterus during its preparation for receptivity and critical for implantation. This project will examine how PC6 acts in the human uterus to make it receptive, by identifying the factors that PC6 controls and how this controlling works. We will use a cell culture model with cells isolated from human term placenta. In addition, there is no means of readily testing whether the uterus is receptive owing to the lack of reliable biomarkers. In this study we will determine whether PC6 (and those molecules controlled by PC6) are potential biomarkers for uterine receptivity. This will be achieved by examining uterine biopsies and uterine washings collected from proven fertile volunteers and patients of proven endometrial infertility. This study will greatly enhance our understanding of how a critical molecule, PC6, acts in the uterus for implantation. The results will provide new knowledge regarding uterine preparation for implantation. The study has considerable implication for developing much-needed diagnostic and therapeutic tools for uterine receptivity and infertility.Read moreRead less
Oxygen, Oxidative Phosphorylation And Regulation Of Embryo Development.
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$141,096.00
Summary
There is concern that human infertility treatment requiring the growth of embryos in the laboratory, as applied in human IVF, may cause problems during fetal development or even possibly lead to health problems much later in life as an adult. In particular, many clinics are now growing human embryos outside the body for several days longer (to select the best embryos for transfer) than what occurred a decade ago. This concern is based on the evidence that the environment in which an embryo grows ....There is concern that human infertility treatment requiring the growth of embryos in the laboratory, as applied in human IVF, may cause problems during fetal development or even possibly lead to health problems much later in life as an adult. In particular, many clinics are now growing human embryos outside the body for several days longer (to select the best embryos for transfer) than what occurred a decade ago. This concern is based on the evidence that the environment in which an embryo grows in has an impact on the way in which some genes are switched on and off. Normal on-off switching at appropriate times during early development should lead to healthy offspring. Failure to turn off or on, or inappropriate timing, may lead to consequences that manifest themselves later in development. We believe that oxygen concentration and the activity of mitochondria, the organelles of cells that converts oxygen into energy, are key regulators in turning on and off genes during early embryo development. This is because we have shown that, in embryos of a species that is metabolically similar to the human embryo, oxygen concentration and mitochondria activity need to change as the embryo grows for optimal development in the laboratory. In other mammalian cells, oxygen and mitochondria activity are known to turn on or off several particular genes, known as transcription factors. Transcription factors are genes which regulate other genes. Therefore, transcription factors are good candidates as regulators of early embryo development. The present project aims to determine if factors such as changing oxygen concentration and mitochondria activity during laboratory growth of embryos affects the way in which these transcription factors turn on and off. If we find this is true, the way in which human embryos are grown in the laboratory needs to be examined carefully to minimize the risk of possible long-term consequences to the resulting fetus.Read moreRead less