Control Of Refractive Error Through Ionically Driven Fluid Movements
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$208,600.00
Summary
Myopia affects about half the world's population with recent studies suggesting epidemic proportions among some Asian schoolchildren though we are not seeing this in Australia. Costs associated with detection, monitoring and optical correction of low and high myopia are huge. High myopes (15% with > 6D) also have a greatly increased risk of blindness between the ages of 30 and 50 years due to secondary disorders associated with impaired fluid balance (retinal and choroidal oedema, macula oede ....Myopia affects about half the world's population with recent studies suggesting epidemic proportions among some Asian schoolchildren though we are not seeing this in Australia. Costs associated with detection, monitoring and optical correction of low and high myopia are huge. High myopes (15% with > 6D) also have a greatly increased risk of blindness between the ages of 30 and 50 years due to secondary disorders associated with impaired fluid balance (retinal and choroidal oedema, macula oedema, retinal detachment and glaucoma). Currently there is no accepted pharmaceutical treatment for myopia though our studies in chick have provided the theoretical rationale and experimental data for a potential therapy and patent. This patent is now at the PCT stage and attests that changes in the abundance of the ions of the subretinal space control fluid movements across the retina to choroid and can be modulated therapeutically by diuretics to control fluid flow and hence axial growth and myopia. This application aims to take our current knowledge about fluid control in myopic chick into a mammalian model prior to preclinical trials in monkey. We anticipate it will take 1 year to establish the feasibility of diuretic control of experimentally induced myopic refractive errors in guinea pigs and the best drug and best the dosage range. These studies will contribute to the scientific understanding and bring the proposed pharmaceutical therapy for myopia in adults and children to a point of full commercialization. We believe that the results found in chick will have significance for early and late-onset myopia in humans as it is highly likely that the same mechanisms of ocular growth regulation operate throughout life.Read moreRead less
The Blood-Retinal Barrier - Modelling Mechanisms For Maintenance, Breakdown And Repair
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$394,310.00
Summary
We believe that breakdown of the barrier that separates the delicate nervous tissue of the eye from the bloodstream, the blood-retinal barrier, may be an early event in the development of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), now overall the commonest cause of blindness in Australia. We have recently demonstrated with the first scientific clinical trials to be conducted in the world that an injection of steroid into the jelly of the eye, or vitreous , of the steroid triamcinolone slows the gro ....We believe that breakdown of the barrier that separates the delicate nervous tissue of the eye from the bloodstream, the blood-retinal barrier, may be an early event in the development of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), now overall the commonest cause of blindness in Australia. We have recently demonstrated with the first scientific clinical trials to be conducted in the world that an injection of steroid into the jelly of the eye, or vitreous , of the steroid triamcinolone slows the growth of abnormal blood vessels in patients with wet AMD. In the current project, Prof Nick King, a cell biologist and viral immunologist, will collaborate with Dr Michelle Madigan, A-Prof Jan Provis, both experts in experimetnal AMD, and A-Prof Mark Gillies, a clinician-scientist specialising in AMD, to study how the treatment works using established animal and laboratory models of a damaged blood retinal barrier. We will be particularly interested in processes which are thought to critical in the development these diseases. We will also study newly described processes by which the junctions that seal the cells of the barrier together come apart. We will be interested not just in the cells that make the barrier, but also the effect of nearby cells that are thought to contribute to it. These studies will provide a solid foundation for the rationalisation of steroid treatment for AMD which can be expected to result in improved outcomes for our patients. The studies may also provide insights into how other barriers malfunction, such as the blood brain barrier which breaks down in Alzheimer s disease and multiple sclerosis.Read moreRead less