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The evolutionary transition from anaerobic to aerobic metabolism. This project aims to find out how life on Earth survived the revolutionary changes when cyanobacteria first released oxygen into the atmosphere. These events led to a transition from anoxic (oxygen-free) to oxic (oxygen-rich) conditions. A comparative genomic view across a series of photosynthetic organisms will be performed at the molecular level with ecological interpretation. Understanding of what metabolic changes occurred in ....The evolutionary transition from anaerobic to aerobic metabolism. This project aims to find out how life on Earth survived the revolutionary changes when cyanobacteria first released oxygen into the atmosphere. These events led to a transition from anoxic (oxygen-free) to oxic (oxygen-rich) conditions. A comparative genomic view across a series of photosynthetic organisms will be performed at the molecular level with ecological interpretation. Understanding of what metabolic changes occurred in response to the shifts in the environment will have wide implications for predicting the evolutionary events that are still occurring today, such as rapidly changing climatic conditions. This fundamental research will enhance Australia's profile in this field.Read moreRead less
Linkage Infrastructure, Equipment And Facilities - Grant ID: LE100100130
Funder
Australian Research Council
Funding Amount
$850,000.00
Summary
Systems biology: New generation DNA sequencing to functional analysis. The technique of DNA sequencing (or 'reading' the lines of the four repeating letters that make up the genetic code) illustrates how technological developments have become the main drivers in exploring the roles of genetic factors across a spectrum of research activities. Funding provided through this ARC grant will allow the purchase of the latest DNA sequencing platform, the Illumina Solexa, as well as equipment that will b ....Systems biology: New generation DNA sequencing to functional analysis. The technique of DNA sequencing (or 'reading' the lines of the four repeating letters that make up the genetic code) illustrates how technological developments have become the main drivers in exploring the roles of genetic factors across a spectrum of research activities. Funding provided through this ARC grant will allow the purchase of the latest DNA sequencing platform, the Illumina Solexa, as well as equipment that will be used to understand the biological function of the DNA sequencing results that are obtained. The equipment will allow Australian researchers to compete on an equal footing with the international leaders in understanding the roles played by genes in plants, microorganisms, animals and humans.Read moreRead less
Mechanosensitive properties and modulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors by lipid environment. This project will provide new information about the molecular determinants which influence NMDA receptor channel gating that will significantly advance our understanding of a link between NMDA receptor function and many neurodegenerative diseases as well as pain and learning and memory. The outcomes of this project may lead to the discovery of novel lipid-based biomaterials for application i ....Mechanosensitive properties and modulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors by lipid environment. This project will provide new information about the molecular determinants which influence NMDA receptor channel gating that will significantly advance our understanding of a link between NMDA receptor function and many neurodegenerative diseases as well as pain and learning and memory. The outcomes of this project may lead to the discovery of novel lipid-based biomaterials for application in medicine and the drug industry. This research is highly significant in relation to human health. The biological and nutritional aspects of polyunsaturated lipids and dietary fish oils have long been recognized. Thus this project will provide further knowledge that could benefit the health of the nation with consequent reduced health care costs.Read moreRead less
Modern reptiles with ancient toxins: the molecular origin and evolution of novel bioactive proteins from squamate dental glands. Animal venoms provide a rich source of novel bioactive proteins, some of which have demonstrated therapeutically useful activities. Through this researcher's unique approach of investigating previously unmapped squamate venom systems, there is potential for the identification of divergent, bioactive proteins. Those already identified by the applicant in the dental gl ....Modern reptiles with ancient toxins: the molecular origin and evolution of novel bioactive proteins from squamate dental glands. Animal venoms provide a rich source of novel bioactive proteins, some of which have demonstrated therapeutically useful activities. Through this researcher's unique approach of investigating previously unmapped squamate venom systems, there is potential for the identification of divergent, bioactive proteins. Those already identified by the applicant in the dental glands of Australian monitor lizard species represent a tremendous opportunity for biodiscovery. Further knowledge in this area will increase medical understandings of bites and aid conservation measures informed by the natural history of these animals.Read moreRead less
Characterisation of heavy metal transport genes in the plant Arabidopsis: potential roles in metal detoxification and accumulation. Plants have considerable potential for the bioremediation ("phytoremediation") of contaminated soils, including soils polluted with heavy metals. Progress has been made in understanding the physiological and biochemical mechanisms by which plants accumulate and detoxify heavy metals. One important aspect of metal detoxification is the transport of metals across cell ....Characterisation of heavy metal transport genes in the plant Arabidopsis: potential roles in metal detoxification and accumulation. Plants have considerable potential for the bioremediation ("phytoremediation") of contaminated soils, including soils polluted with heavy metals. Progress has been made in understanding the physiological and biochemical mechanisms by which plants accumulate and detoxify heavy metals. One important aspect of metal detoxification is the transport of metals across cell membranes. The recently completed genome project for the model plant Arabidopsis has identified a family of genes encoding heavy metal transport proteins. This project aims to investigate the roles of these genes in metal detoxification. In the longer term this knowledge can be applied to the improvement of phytoremediation processes.Read moreRead less
Control of Wolbachia replication: maintaining a stable symbiosis. This project will use a comparative genomics approach to better understand how Wolbachia infections of insects are able to maintain themselves in insects without causing pathology. The results will allow us to better understand a distinguishing characteristic of an intracellular symbiont, namely replication control. The results also have the potential to lead to new approaches to insect pest control through a better understanding ....Control of Wolbachia replication: maintaining a stable symbiosis. This project will use a comparative genomics approach to better understand how Wolbachia infections of insects are able to maintain themselves in insects without causing pathology. The results will allow us to better understand a distinguishing characteristic of an intracellular symbiont, namely replication control. The results also have the potential to lead to new approaches to insect pest control through a better understanding of how Wolbachia might be used to skew insect population age structure.Read moreRead less
Mechanisms of zinc transport and homeostasis in the plant, Arabidopsis. Zinc-deficiency is one of the most widespread factors limiting crop production and affects many soils of south-east and south-west Australia. Certain zinc-efficient (ZE) crop cultivars are able to grow well under zinc deficient conditions but the genetic basis for ZE is not well understood. Using a model organism such as Arabidopsis to identify genes in plants that are important in zinc transport and homeostasis will ultimat ....Mechanisms of zinc transport and homeostasis in the plant, Arabidopsis. Zinc-deficiency is one of the most widespread factors limiting crop production and affects many soils of south-east and south-west Australia. Certain zinc-efficient (ZE) crop cultivars are able to grow well under zinc deficient conditions but the genetic basis for ZE is not well understood. Using a model organism such as Arabidopsis to identify genes in plants that are important in zinc transport and homeostasis will ultimately allow us to assess whether the homologous genes in crop species are responsible for ZE. This may contribute to more rapid and directed strategies in breeding ZE crop cultivars.Read moreRead less
Neurogenesis in bilateral larval and radial adult body plans: identification of echinoderm homologues of the chordate central nervous system. The modern synthesis of embryology and gene expression studies, as undertaken in this project with sea stars, is a major way forward to achieve advances in our understanding of animal evolution and generate new insights into the mystery that surrounds the origin of our own phylum, the Chordata. This project utilises life history diversity in species that a ....Neurogenesis in bilateral larval and radial adult body plans: identification of echinoderm homologues of the chordate central nervous system. The modern synthesis of embryology and gene expression studies, as undertaken in this project with sea stars, is a major way forward to achieve advances in our understanding of animal evolution and generate new insights into the mystery that surrounds the origin of our own phylum, the Chordata. This project utilises life history diversity in species that are unique Australian fauna. Extreme life history diversity as seen in these sea stars is unparalleled on a global scale and provides an important resource to generate new discoveries on the processes underlying evolution in the sea and enhance our understanding of marine systems. Read moreRead less
Regulation of mammalian differentiation by methylation of histones and transcription factors. The objective of this proposal is to examine the functional role of arginine and lysine methylation during skeletal muscle differentiation. Differentiation, i.e the acquisition of a specific phenotype, is the biological end point of the ?Genome-Phenome? transition. Specifically, the proposal will seek to understand the role of protein methylation in the control of tissue specific gene expression and ce ....Regulation of mammalian differentiation by methylation of histones and transcription factors. The objective of this proposal is to examine the functional role of arginine and lysine methylation during skeletal muscle differentiation. Differentiation, i.e the acquisition of a specific phenotype, is the biological end point of the ?Genome-Phenome? transition. Specifically, the proposal will seek to understand the role of protein methylation in the control of tissue specific gene expression and cell signaling during differentiation. Key areas of study in the ARC priority area of Genome-Phenome research. We will test the hypothesis that the activity/function of the hierarchical myogenic transcription factors and cofactors that control skeletal myogenesis is influenced by protein methylation.Read moreRead less
Linkage Infrastructure, Equipment And Facilities - Grant ID: LE0882512
Funder
Australian Research Council
Funding Amount
$400,000.00
Summary
Advanced high throughput functional genomics and gene mapping. Infrastructure requested will expand the capacity of researchers in NSW to undertake experiments using state-of-the-art technologies based on the recent advances in genomic and proteomic analysis. It will ensure the retention of leading researchers in the exciting areas of functional genomics and systems biology as contribute to biomolecular research in medicine, agriculture and environmental biology, thereby providing major benefit ....Advanced high throughput functional genomics and gene mapping. Infrastructure requested will expand the capacity of researchers in NSW to undertake experiments using state-of-the-art technologies based on the recent advances in genomic and proteomic analysis. It will ensure the retention of leading researchers in the exciting areas of functional genomics and systems biology as contribute to biomolecular research in medicine, agriculture and environmental biology, thereby providing major benefits to the wider community. The application aims to enhance existing genomic technologies by adding platforms that will increase the scope of experiments that can be performed as well as providing automation and increased capacity to handle the increasing demand for these techniquesRead moreRead less