Suppressor Of Cytokine Signalling-2 (SOCS2) And Its Role In Neuronal Development And Function
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$451,980.00
Summary
Injury to the brain or spinal cord at present often results in permanent damage, such as paralysis, which is largely due to a failure of neurons to regrow at the injury site. In order to overcome this, we are trying to find ways of making new neurons grow, either from stem cells present in the nervous system or transplanted from cells grown in tissue culture. However, little is known about how a neural stem cell decides to become a neuron or another cell type, such as a glial cell and so we are ....Injury to the brain or spinal cord at present often results in permanent damage, such as paralysis, which is largely due to a failure of neurons to regrow at the injury site. In order to overcome this, we are trying to find ways of making new neurons grow, either from stem cells present in the nervous system or transplanted from cells grown in tissue culture. However, little is known about how a neural stem cell decides to become a neuron or another cell type, such as a glial cell and so we are examining factors which influence this process, which is called differentiation. Growth factors are important mediators of this process and suppressor of cytokine signalling (SOCS) proteins are important in determining how cells respond to growth factors. The overall aims of this project are to determine the role that SOCS genes and in particular, SOCS2 play in neural stem cell differentiation into neurons and glia, neuron process outgrowth and neuronal and glial injury responses in the nervous system. This will be examined in normal cells and cells which over-express or do not express SOCS2 genes. Understanding the biology of neural growth factor responsiveness may eventually allow us to devise therapeutic strategies for use following brain-spinal injury or disease, including generation of neurons from stem cells.Read moreRead less
Transcriptional Regulation Of T Cell Memory Programming
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$549,092.00
Summary
Differentiation of T cells is required to protect against disease. A group of proteins, called transcription factors, critically regulate this fundamental process, during which T cells become effector cells (that can kill pathogen infected cells) or memory cells (that are essential for protection against secondary infections). To identify the functions and hierarchy of these regulators is critical to therapeutic treatment of autoimmune and infectious disease and is the aim of this application.
Transcriptional Regulation Of T Lymphocyte And Dendritic Cell Development
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$605,096.00
Summary
Differentation of lymphocytes is a fundamental process in protection against disease . A small number of proteins critically regulate the decisions the cells make in becoming effective antigen presenting cells (that stimulate other immune cells), effector cells (that kill pathogen infected cells) or memory cells (that are essential for protection against secondary infections). Understanding this process and its regulation is critical to therapeutic treatment of autoimmune and infectious disease.
The amygdala is a part of the brain that processes and lays down emotional memories. Dysfunction in the amygdala is responsible for anxiety related disorders such post-traumatic stress disorder. I will study the neural circuits in the amygdala using innovative recordings and stimulation techniques. These studies will provide insight into the circuits that underpin anxiety related neurological disorders and provide targets for development of novel anxiolytic agents.
Investigating The Potential Of Human Stem Cells To Repair The Degenerating Auditory Nerve After Deafness
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$310,787.00
Summary
One in four Australians is predicted to experience some form of hearing loss by 2050. Hearing loss is irreversible and the chief clinical treatment available for severe to profound hearing loss is a cochlear implant. However, cochlear implant efficacy is limited by the degeneration of the auditory nerve following hearing loss. Using stem cells, this project will develop techniques to restore function to the auditory nerve through replacement of the specialised cells that comprise it.
Neurogenesis In The Amygdala And Hippocampus: A Role In Learnt Fear?
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$780,396.00
Summary
It has long been thought that neurons are only born once and then slowly die. Learning and memory formation is thought to occur by changes in the strength of connections between living neurons. However, the hippocampus is now known to produce new neurons throughout life. We have found that neurons are also born in the adult amygdala. In this project we will study how neurogenesis affects learning and memory formation that involve the hippocampus and amygdala.
Functional Maturation Of Adult Neural Progenitor Cells
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$701,390.00
Summary
This proposal seeks to understand how the production of functional nerve cells in the brain is regulated. Specifically we will focus on the way in which adult neuronal precursor cells (neuroblasts) in the brain acquire their functional characteristics as they mature into active entities capable of forming neural networks. We will examine the expression and activation of specific membrane proteins (ion channels) on the differentiation and migration of neuronal precursor cells.
Deciphering The Mechanisms Underlying LRP-mediated Axon Guidance
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$370,659.00
Summary
Nerve damage can develop post injury or disease and are often very debilitating, slow to heal and cause increased pain. Our work aims to examine a new class of molecules that we show can activate selected fat-receptors on nerve cells to guide the growth of regenerating nerves. We will determine how these receptors function with the aim of developing a novel class of therapeutics directed at healing nerve damage.
How Does Iron Accumulation Affect Parkinson’s Disease And What Controls It?
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$545,517.00
Summary
Currently there is no cure for Parkinson's disease, and although we have a number of treatments to manage the disease there is an urgent need for a further understanding of the disease process. This proposal will investigate the critical role that iron plays in the cause of neuronal cell death that results in Parkinson's disease, and will investigate methods for regulating metal levels in the brain.
Regulation Of Dendritic Ion Channels And Its Role In Intrinsic Neuronal Excitability In Health And Disease
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$402,810.00
Summary
Nerve cells are able to regulate their activity to maintain the reliable transfer of information between cells. By conducting detailed electrical and chemical analysis of nerve cells this project will increase our understanding of how nerve cells regulate their activity, and provide important information on how this activity may be altered in brain disorders like epilepsy. The results of this research may also lead to the development of new more effective drugs to treat many brain disorders.