Prenatal Alcohol Exposure: A Molecular Mechanism For Memory Deficits Involving The Zinc-binding Protein, Metallothionein
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$277,645.00
Summary
Damage to the developing brain is the major social and economic consequence of prenatal alcohol exposure but it is unclear the mechanism by which this occurs. This study will assess whether the maternal zinc-binding protein, metallothionein, causes: 1) alcohol-related cognitive deficits, 2) changes in the expression of alcohol-sensitive cognitive genes. We will further assess whether dietary zinc supplementation throughout pregnancy can prevent alcohol-related anomalies in neurodevelopment.
INVESTIGATING THE VALIDITY OF PRENATAL INSULTS AS RISK FACTORS FOR SCHIZOPHRENIA.
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$201,100.00
Summary
Schizophrenia is one of the most devastating of human mental disorders affecting about 1% of the population. The cause of this disorder is not known but it seems certain that it will involve genetic and environmental factors. An adverse environmental factor could be a reduced supply of oxygen and nutrients to a baby during pregnancy. In guinea pigs we aim to investigate whether disruption to the normal supply of oxygen and nutrients to the fetus disrupts the normal fine structure and chemical ma ....Schizophrenia is one of the most devastating of human mental disorders affecting about 1% of the population. The cause of this disorder is not known but it seems certain that it will involve genetic and environmental factors. An adverse environmental factor could be a reduced supply of oxygen and nutrients to a baby during pregnancy. In guinea pigs we aim to investigate whether disruption to the normal supply of oxygen and nutrients to the fetus disrupts the normal fine structure and chemical make up of the brain and gives rise to long-lasting structural and neurochemical changes in adolescent animals, which resemble changes found in the brains of patients with schizophrenia. We will also assess whether behavioural responses of compromised animals are altered in tests that parallel disturbances seen in patients with schizophrenia. Such abnormal brain development could create an underlying vulnerability in the brain, predisposing individuals with risk factors such as genetic inheritance to develop the symptoms of schizophrenia in later life perhaps only after the complete formation of nerve pathways involved in higher brain functioning. If guinea pigs that have been subjected to low oxygen levels during pregnancy show sustained changes in the structure and neurochemistry in regions of the brain that are altered in patients with schizophrenia it would suggest that these long lasting disturbances could result from problems during pregnancy. Thus, this would support the idea that abnormal brain development during pregnancy is one of the underlying causes of schizophrenia.Read moreRead less
Improving The Immediate And Longer-Term Health Outcomes Of Preterm Infants
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$2,661,088.00
Summary
Premature babies develop health problems that persist throughout life and impact on mental, physical and social well-being. As all body systems are immature at birth, premature babies can develop one or many different health problems. Many factors before, during and after birth may influence the baby’s response to different treatments. Our collaborative research program seeks to understand the big picture, to help us design better treatments that improve long term outcomes after preterm birth.
Genetic And Functional Analysis Of Brain Malformations
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$105,327.00
Summary
Disorders of early brain development are recognised as a significant cause of illness and disability in children. Unfortunately, the causes of these conditions are poorly understood, and treatment options are limited. It has become apparent that many of these conditions have an underlying genetic basis. This project will identify genes that regulate brain development and aid the development of improved treatment programs for brain and mind disorders.
Targeting The Immune Cells Of The Brain To Develop Novel Treatments For Neurodevelopmental And Mental Health Problems In Children
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$1,800,000.00
Summary
Neurodevelopmental and mental health problems are common in children and cause major impairment and cost to society. This research will define how the maternal immune system while pregnant can affect the baby brain. Using patient studies and laboratory research, this research will result in novel ways to reduce the prevalence and severity of developmental and mental health problems in children and adults, by targeting the immune cells resident in the brain.
Creating A Phenotypic Catalogue Of Synaptic Vesicle Cycling Disorders
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$876,975.00
Summary
Developmental disorders affect 2-5% of children. In order to understand how these mutations will likely affect neurological function in these individuals, and to develop a tailored care and treatment program, we must first understand how these mutations affect neuronal communication. This research program will identify the underlying cause of neurological dysfunction in a subset of these disorders (synaptic vesicle cycle disorders), affecting 1200-3000 children in Australia alone.
Long Term Outcome From Early Childhood Brain Injury: 10 Year Follow Up
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$338,900.00
Summary
The primary aim of this project is to further improve our understanding of the long-term consequences of childhood traumatic brain injury (TBI). Over the past decade our research team has ascertained a sample of children sustaining TBI, and systematically followed their progress over a 5-year period. The project has an international reputation, and is unique in terms of length of follow-up, prospective design and representative, well-maintained sample. Our findings challenge the traditionally he ....The primary aim of this project is to further improve our understanding of the long-term consequences of childhood traumatic brain injury (TBI). Over the past decade our research team has ascertained a sample of children sustaining TBI, and systematically followed their progress over a 5-year period. The project has an international reputation, and is unique in terms of length of follow-up, prospective design and representative, well-maintained sample. Our findings challenge the traditionally held view that children are resilient and recover fully from early brain insult. Rather, we have shown that, up to 5 years post-TBI, many children experience impairments in physical, cognitive and behavioural function. These impairments result in educational, vocational, social and emotional problems, limiting the child's capacity to meet developmental expectations and achieve adequate quality of life. The implication is that these problems will lead to life-long disability, resulting in high levels of individual, family and community burden. However, with follow-up data limited to 5 years, there remains a possibility that ongoing developmental processes may support an extended recovery period in childhood TBI, in comparison to the 2-year period cited in adult models. The review of this sample, 10 years post-injury, provides an unprecedented opportunity to address this possibility and to document recovery-outcome as children move into adolescence and adulthood. Not all children experience problems post-injury. However, predicting individual outcome remains a significant challenge, with particular clinical relevance to treatment and follow-up. Thus, the second aim of the proposed study is to examine factors that contribute to recovery and outcome.Read moreRead less
Precision Epigenetics: Targeting The Epigenome To Treat Disease
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$1,940,576.00
Summary
Epigenetic marks are changes made to the DNA that allow genes to be switched off in some cells and switched on in others. These marks are critical to normal development and often go wrong in disease. We aim to find genes that add epigenetic marks to the DNA and understand how they co-operate at the molecular level to switch genes off. Our focus is on one such gene, SMCHD1. We are developing new drugs against SMCHD1 to treat incurable neurodevelopmental disorder PWS and muscular dystrophy FSHD.