Repairing The Injured Spinal Cord: Potential For Human Olfactory Ensheathing Cells
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$255,990.00
Summary
Spinal cord injury is a major cause of morbidity, particularly among young people involved in road accidents and sports injuries. Finding ways to treat paraplegia is a major goal of neuroscience research. Recently, there has been considerable interest in a special cell found in the olfactory system, the ensheathing cell, which has been found to support regeneration in the spinal cord. Our laboratory has shown that injection of these ensheathing cells into the completely cut spinal cord of adult ....Spinal cord injury is a major cause of morbidity, particularly among young people involved in road accidents and sports injuries. Finding ways to treat paraplegia is a major goal of neuroscience research. Recently, there has been considerable interest in a special cell found in the olfactory system, the ensheathing cell, which has been found to support regeneration in the spinal cord. Our laboratory has shown that injection of these ensheathing cells into the completely cut spinal cord of adult rats can lead to limited functional recovery of hindlimb movement. We used peripheral ensheathing cells because, in humans, such cells can be obtained relatively easily and they reduce problems of tissue rejection. We found that peripheral cells are as effective as previous reports using central ensheathing cells. Our overall aim now is to advance towards the use of olfactory cells in human spinal cord injury, by trialing 3 procedures of clinical relevance: a) to test whether human olfactory cells can also support functional recovery in rats. Human cells can be obtained from the nose by a simple biopsy procedure. If they able to support regeneration, this will open the way for their use in autografts in human paraplegia. b) to delay the time when the olfactory cells are applied to the injured cord. At present, neurosurgeons are not be willing to treat the cord immediately after the injury, because of the risk of causing further damage. This trial is designed to test whether delayed treatment is still effective. c) to test the effectiveness of the cells after bruising, rather than cutting, the cord. Bruising is a more common type of injury in people, hence it is necessary to know how these cells respond to this type of damage. These procedures have been chosen to move our basic research closer to clinical application. Although treatment in humans is still a long way off, these basic studies are essential if conditions like paraplegia are eventually to become treatable.Read moreRead less