A Trial Of Prehospital Rapid Sequence Intubation In Patients With Severe Head Injury
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$311,000.00
Summary
In Australia, major trauma is a leading cause of death in people between the ages of one and 44 years. In addition to mortality, there is a high morbidity rate and quality adjusted life-years lost from injury is vast. In broad terms, major trauma is defined as those injuries with the highest severity, requiring time critical medical care. Over 10% of major trauma patients have a severe head injury and approximately 40% of these patients die and another 40% have significant long-term morbidity. F ....In Australia, major trauma is a leading cause of death in people between the ages of one and 44 years. In addition to mortality, there is a high morbidity rate and quality adjusted life-years lost from injury is vast. In broad terms, major trauma is defined as those injuries with the highest severity, requiring time critical medical care. Over 10% of major trauma patients have a severe head injury and approximately 40% of these patients die and another 40% have significant long-term morbidity. Following severe head injury, it is common for patients to have decreased oxygen levels and this is associated with a significant increase in brain damage. To prevent or treat this, patients with severe head injury require endotracheal intubation (a tube is placed in the airway to provide oxygen to the patient) as soon as possible following injury. However, in most patients with severe head injury, endotracheal intubation requires the use of drugs to facilitate placement of the endotracheal tube. The usual technique involves the administration of both a sedative drug and an appropriate muscle-relaxant. This technique is known as rapid sequence intubation (RSI). However, it is unknown whether RSI should be undertaken by paramedics early after injury or be delayed until arrival at the hospital. Since better evidence of improved outcome is required to justify the possible risk and considerable expense of training ambulance paramedics in the skill of RSI, it is proposed that a randomized, controlled trial of RSI in adults with severe head injury be conducted. This trial will compare rapid sequence intubation with standard airway management (no intubation) by ambulance paramedics for major trauma patients with severe head injury. This study will assess differences in patient outcome at 6-months post injury. The study will involve head injury patients treated by paramedics in Victoria.Read moreRead less
Translation Of Effective Interventions In Injury Prevention And Trauma Care To A Chinese Setting
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$349,407.00
Summary
Evidence informed injury policy is not currently well developed in China. This research project will provide measures of the effectiveness of both a trauma care protocol in a hospital setting, and an intervention program for novice driver education-training in China, and will therefore contribute to the building of an evidence based injury prevention capacity in China.
Identifying Determinants Of Both The Origins And The Progression Of The Depressive And Bipolar (mood) Disorders.
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$6,235,352.00
Summary
Currently, mood disorders are classified by severity, largely ignoring causes and leading to limited treatments. The Team will clarify how differing depressive and bipolar (mood) disorders are best modelled and pursue their differing causes, so assisting identification of specific treatments relating to their underlying causes. Our studies employ a range of sophisticated technologies, including molecular biology, brain imaging techniques, and mathematical modeling. The capacity of such research ....Currently, mood disorders are classified by severity, largely ignoring causes and leading to limited treatments. The Team will clarify how differing depressive and bipolar (mood) disorders are best modelled and pursue their differing causes, so assisting identification of specific treatments relating to their underlying causes. Our studies employ a range of sophisticated technologies, including molecular biology, brain imaging techniques, and mathematical modeling. The capacity of such research to advance the management of mood disorders address a pressing clinical need.Read moreRead less
Effects Of Pin Biomechanics, Coating Material And Surface Roughness On The Pin-bone Interface In External Repair
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$470,000.00
Summary
Some fractures require external fixation, anchored with metal pins in the bone fragments. The reatment is generally successful, although the pin tracts often loosen and become infected. This complication may jeopardise fracture healing and must be treated. The purpose of this project is to determine what aspects of pin design predispose to these problems at the pin-bone interface. Is it the way the pins are initially inserted, perhaps not tightly enough so that the pin is unstable, or perhaps to ....Some fractures require external fixation, anchored with metal pins in the bone fragments. The reatment is generally successful, although the pin tracts often loosen and become infected. This complication may jeopardise fracture healing and must be treated. The purpose of this project is to determine what aspects of pin design predispose to these problems at the pin-bone interface. Is it the way the pins are initially inserted, perhaps not tightly enough so that the pin is unstable, or perhaps too tight, causing microcracks in the bone? Is it the material of the pin, which might be improved with a bioactive coating? Is it the surface roughness which causes different responses of bone cells? Would it help to have an antibiotic pin? This proposal is designed to answer these questions. The biomechanics of the pin will first be studied with computer models and then tested in the laboratory. The loosening and infection associated with different types of pin will then be studied biologically. The results of the study will clarify the roles of pin biomechanics, coating and surface roughness, leading to improvements in design and better outcomes in fracture patients.Read moreRead less