Exercise Reverses Cognitive Decline In Aged Animals By Growth Hormone Stimulation Of Neurogenesis In The Hippocampus
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$696,409.00
Summary
The production of new neurons in the hippocampus plays a critical role in learning and memory. With increasing age, this production slows and is associated with cognitive decline. However the stem cells that make new neurons are still present, and we have discovered that exercise activates these cells, leading to renewed neuron production and reversal of cognitive decline. We will explore how this process is regulated in order to develop strategies to reduce cognitive decline in humans.
A Randomised Double Blind, Placebo-controlled Study Of Nefiracetam In Patients With Post- Stroke Apathy
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$865,271.00
Summary
A wide range of emotional and cognitive disturbances are observed following stroke. Apathy is expressed by diminished initiation and poor persistence on tasks, lack of interest, emotional indifference and low social engagement. Our preliminary study has suggested that the medication nefiracetam significantly improves apathy among stroke patients. The main aim of our project is to conduct a large scale study to determine whether nefiracetam improves apathy in patients with stroke lesions.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorde(ADHD) is the most prevalent mental disorder of childhood affecting around 7.5% of Australian school age children. The disorder is strongly genetic and causes significant impairments in academic functioning, family and peer relations with sufferers at increased risk for drug abuse. Identification and characterisation of rare mutations will enhance our knowledge of the neurobiology and advance the search for next generation drug treatments for the disorder.
A Window Of Vulnerability: Impaired Fear Inhibition In Adolescent Rats
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$335,849.00
Summary
Adolescence is a period of increased vulnerability to anxiety disorders. The brain undergoes substantial maturation during adolescence, particularly the prefrontal cortex (PFC), a region critical for inhibiting fear. This project examines why fear inhibition is impaired in adolescents and compares the neural mechanisms mediating treatments that enhance fear reduction in adolescence. This research adds new knowledge about novel approaches for early interventions for adolescent anxiety.
A core feature of clinical anxiety is the inability to learn about safety and suppress fear. Impaired safety learning underpins excessive fear responding, overgeneralisation of fear, as well as treatment resistance in clinical anxiety. Very little is known about the brain mechanisms for learned safety. This project maps and manipulates these mechanisms to lay the basic science foundation for the next generation of treatments of anxiety.
Brain Circuits Promoting Abstinence And Preventing Relapse To Alcohol Seeking
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$591,995.00
Summary
This project maps and manipulates the brain circuits that promote abstinence from alcohol use. It uses new techniques from neuroscience to control the activity of specific cell types in discrete brain circuits. In this way we can alter the activity of these circuits to build on the normal neural restorative processes that occur during abstinence from alcohol use to reduce, and possibly prevent, relapse.
Disorder in the circuits that process emotional stimuli are central in the pathogenesis of anxiety disorders. In this grant we will study the circuits that are inolved in fear learnng. Our results will provide the background to developing more effective therapies for a range of anxiety related disorders such as generalised anxiety and post traumatic stress disorder.
A Memory Retrieval - Extinction Procedure To Prevent Relapse To Drug Seeking
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$387,929.00
Summary
This project shows how relapse to drug seeking can be modulated, and possibly prevented, by novel approaches that manipulate the stability of drug related memories.
Strengthening Frontline Clinicians’ Infection Control: A Multi-method Study To Reduce MRSA Infection And Transmission
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$800,339.00
Summary
Despite handwashing initiatives and the introduction of alcohol gels, cross-infection in hospitals remains a terrible risk for patients and creates a huge cost for health care funders. This study deploys a video-based technique called video reflexivity to alert frontline clinicians to the infection risks that are inherent in their every practice, educating them to become smarter about such risk.
Enhancing Extinction Of Alcohol-Predicitve Stimuli Through Modulation Of Noradrenergic Signaling
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$374,508.00
Summary
A major obstacle for alcohol-abuse treatment is the high risk of relapse and stimuli previously paired with alcohol use contribute importantly to this risk. Reducing the ability of such stimuli to trigger alcohol-seeking behaviors could significantly improve treatment outcomes. The experiments in the current proposal will develop both behavioral and pharmacological strategies for improving extinction learning with the long term goal of reducing the ability of stimuli to elicit alcohol-seeking.