Targeting Bone Marrow Lesions To Find Interventions In The Progression Of Osteoarthritis
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$467,395.00
Summary
It is essential to elucidate the underlying cause(s) of osteoarthritis because our current level of understanding of this condition has failed to produce effective treatments. Lesions in the bone under the cartilage (BMLs), seen using MRI, have strong potential value for the objective monitoring and management of OA. However, because the nature of BMLs is not well understood, the aim of this application is to perform a comprehensive study of BMLs in OA bone.
Discovery Early Career Researcher Award - Grant ID: DE240101089
Funder
Australian Research Council
Funding Amount
$436,847.00
Summary
Trustworthy Hypothesis Transfer Learning. It is urgent to develop a new hypothesis transfer learning scheme that can overcome potential risks when finetuning unreliable large-scale pre-trained models. This project aims to develop an advanced and reliable scheme of hypothesis transfer learning, called Trustworthy Hypothesis Transfer Learning (TrustHTL). A new theoretically guaranteed heterogeneous hypothesis transfer learning framework will be developed to handle heterogeneous situations; a metho ....Trustworthy Hypothesis Transfer Learning. It is urgent to develop a new hypothesis transfer learning scheme that can overcome potential risks when finetuning unreliable large-scale pre-trained models. This project aims to develop an advanced and reliable scheme of hypothesis transfer learning, called Trustworthy Hypothesis Transfer Learning (TrustHTL). A new theoretically guaranteed heterogeneous hypothesis transfer learning framework will be developed to handle heterogeneous situations; a methodology to disinherit risks of pre-trained models and a new fuzzy relation based distributional discrepancy in heterogeneous transfer learning scenarios. The outcomes should significantly improve the reliability of machine learning with benefits for safety learning in data analytics.Read moreRead less
Self-supervised feature learning for rapid processing of marine imagery. Fast and reliable quantitative estimates of marine environmental health are needed for scientific studies, design and management of protected areas, and regulatory compliance of industrial activity in the ocean. Australia is collecting seafloor images at increasing rates but expert annotations are not keeping up, meaning that typical machine learning approaches struggle. This project will develop self-supervised techniques ....Self-supervised feature learning for rapid processing of marine imagery. Fast and reliable quantitative estimates of marine environmental health are needed for scientific studies, design and management of protected areas, and regulatory compliance of industrial activity in the ocean. Australia is collecting seafloor images at increasing rates but expert annotations are not keeping up, meaning that typical machine learning approaches struggle. This project will develop self-supervised techniques that use large amounts of unlabeled data to enhance performance. Our design takes advantage of additional information available for marine imagery such as geolocation and remote sensing context. We will explore how these representations can guide additional sampling and improve performance in classification tasks.Read moreRead less
Discovery Early Career Researcher Award - Grant ID: DE140100751
Funder
Australian Research Council
Funding Amount
$379,506.00
Summary
How health shapes young children’s academic outcomes, and opportunities to intervene. Every year, about 280,000 Australian children make the crucial transition from preschool to formal education. Within this population, there is a wide range of learning capabilities and levels of preparedness. Children who have difficulties during the early years have greater risk of poorer academic and social outcomes. This project aims to determine how children's academic outcomes are shaped by common physical ....How health shapes young children’s academic outcomes, and opportunities to intervene. Every year, about 280,000 Australian children make the crucial transition from preschool to formal education. Within this population, there is a wide range of learning capabilities and levels of preparedness. Children who have difficulties during the early years have greater risk of poorer academic and social outcomes. This project aims to determine how children's academic outcomes are shaped by common physical health problems during the early years of school and how best to address these problems within the traditional school setting. This will inform future research as to the opportunities to help all children have the best opportunity to learn so they can reach their academic potential.Read moreRead less
Exploiting Geometries of Learning for Fast, Adaptive and Robust AI. This project aims to uniquely exploit geometric manifolds in deep learning to advance the frontier of Artificial Intelligence (AI) research and applications in cybersecurity and general cognitive tasks. It expects to develop new theories, algorithms, tools, and technologies for machine learning systems that are fast, adaptive, lifelong and robust, even with limited supervision. Expected outcomes will enhance Australia's capabili ....Exploiting Geometries of Learning for Fast, Adaptive and Robust AI. This project aims to uniquely exploit geometric manifolds in deep learning to advance the frontier of Artificial Intelligence (AI) research and applications in cybersecurity and general cognitive tasks. It expects to develop new theories, algorithms, tools, and technologies for machine learning systems that are fast, adaptive, lifelong and robust, even with limited supervision. Expected outcomes will enhance Australia's capability and competitiveness in AI, and deliver robust and trustworthy learning technology. The project should provide significant benefits not only in advancing scientific and translational knowledge but also in accelerating AI innovations, safeguarding cyberspace, and reducing the burden on defence expenses in Australia.Read moreRead less
The Benefits of Utilising Visual-Spatial Representations of Numbers . The aim of this project is to investigate how visual-spatial representations of numbers enhance practice to promote the use of retrieval-based over counting-based strategies for children learning early arithmetic. About one-third of Australian children stay reliant on counting strategies for basic arithmetic, despite these being associated with lower achievement in mathematics in later years. Expected outcomes of this project ....The Benefits of Utilising Visual-Spatial Representations of Numbers . The aim of this project is to investigate how visual-spatial representations of numbers enhance practice to promote the use of retrieval-based over counting-based strategies for children learning early arithmetic. About one-third of Australian children stay reliant on counting strategies for basic arithmetic, despite these being associated with lower achievement in mathematics in later years. Expected outcomes of this project are new understandings of how problem-answer associations can be strengthened in memory and the development of tools to promote retrieval-based strategies. Potential benefits include children who are better prepared to take on higher-level mathematics in secondary school and, subsequently, more numerate citizens. Read moreRead less
The Role Of GRHL-3, A Mammalian Homologue Of Drosophila Grainyhead, In Neural Tube Development
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$496,500.00
Summary
Spina bifida and anencephaly are two common human congenital malformations that form part of a wide spectrum of mutations known collectively as neural tube defects (NTDs). Patients with the most severe form of spina bifida have a failure of the vertebral column and skin to close over the spinal cord and therefore suffer from limb paralysis and marked bladder and bowel dysfunction. Infants with anencephaly have an open cranial vault and failure of normal brain development and die within the first ....Spina bifida and anencephaly are two common human congenital malformations that form part of a wide spectrum of mutations known collectively as neural tube defects (NTDs). Patients with the most severe form of spina bifida have a failure of the vertebral column and skin to close over the spinal cord and therefore suffer from limb paralysis and marked bladder and bowel dysfunction. Infants with anencephaly have an open cranial vault and failure of normal brain development and die within the first few hours of life. These abnormalities occur frequently (1-1000 live births) and are a direct result of failure of the neural tube to close during embryogenesis. NTDs are influenced by both environmental and genetic factors. The best characterised environmental factor is the dietary supplement folate, which when administered before conception results in a reduction in the incidence of spina bifida. The genetic complexity is evidenced by the array of mouse genetic mutations that give rise to NTDs. One of these mouse mutations, known as Curly tail (ct), has served as the major animal model of human NTDs. This is because the ct mice are resistant to folate administration (like most of the cases of spina bifida currently seen in patients) and because the mice seem to have normal development in virtually all other organ systems. Ironically, the genetic mutation that causes the curly tail phenotype has remained undiscovered for over 50 years. We have now identified the gene mutated in the curly tail mice. This gene is highly conserved in humans suggesting that it will play a similar role in neural tube development in man. The gene, known as GRHL-3, is a descendant of a fly gene critical for development of the nervous system in that organism. The studies we propose here will examine the developmental pathways involved in normal neural tube closure in mice and humans and will impact on our understanding of these devastating congenital malformations.Read moreRead less
Indigenous persistence in formal learning. This project will improve knowledge of the learning experiences of Indigenous students transiting from TAFE to university studies. The results will have significant implications for the ways Indigenous students can be supported in their studies in order to achieve better quality learning experiences as well as learning outcomes.
Modelling complex learning spaces. The growing use of digital tools and resources means that students' learning activities are no longer tied to unique physical places. Their work is distributed across increasingly complex mixtures of physical and digital spaces, which both shape and are shaped by students' activity. This project aims to identify productive ways of modelling the characteristics and uses of complex learning spaces in higher education. Evidence and models generated by the project ....Modelling complex learning spaces. The growing use of digital tools and resources means that students' learning activities are no longer tied to unique physical places. Their work is distributed across increasingly complex mixtures of physical and digital spaces, which both shape and are shaped by students' activity. This project aims to identify productive ways of modelling the characteristics and uses of complex learning spaces in higher education. Evidence and models generated by the project aim to strengthen the logic connecting the use, management and design of learning spaces. A better understanding of the relations between pedagogy, activity and space will improve the work of architects and other designers, campus managers, university teachers and students themselves.Read moreRead less
Does a teacher-led mindfulness intervention improve student outcomes? This project aims to determine if improving teacher knowledge and practice of mindfulness in the classroom, can lead to better child attention and school functioning outcomes during the early primary school years. Mindfulness is an approach that aims to improve attention, self-regulation, mental health, and cognitive functioning. Expected outcomes include new knowledge as to whether mindfulness can be integrated into classroom ....Does a teacher-led mindfulness intervention improve student outcomes? This project aims to determine if improving teacher knowledge and practice of mindfulness in the classroom, can lead to better child attention and school functioning outcomes during the early primary school years. Mindfulness is an approach that aims to improve attention, self-regulation, mental health, and cognitive functioning. Expected outcomes include new knowledge as to whether mindfulness can be integrated into classroom practice, how to best implement it, student benefits and cost-effectiveness. Findings will inform schools as to whether this approach can support students in making a positive transition to primary school that can place them on positive academic and well-being pathways and lead to benefits in their adulthood.Read moreRead less