The Neurovascular Territories Of The Human Body: Anatomic Study And Clinical Applications
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$186,650.00
Summary
A Melways Roadmap of the anatomy of the large and small nerves, arteries and veins of the human body is underway and will take a further three years to complete. The aim is to evolve or modify Reconstructive Plastic Surgery techniques taking tissue from a hidden site and, where possible, include a nerve supply with the transplant so that feeling can be restored to skin flaps and function to transferred muscle. The fundamental objective is to improve the quality of the patients life. We have alre ....A Melways Roadmap of the anatomy of the large and small nerves, arteries and veins of the human body is underway and will take a further three years to complete. The aim is to evolve or modify Reconstructive Plastic Surgery techniques taking tissue from a hidden site and, where possible, include a nerve supply with the transplant so that feeling can be restored to skin flaps and function to transferred muscle. The fundamental objective is to improve the quality of the patients life. We have already completed a thorough examination of the following regions: (i) head and neck (ii) forearm (iii) leg These have received international acclaim and awards. We are currently examining: (i) hand and foot (ii) thigh and buttock. Still to be commenced: (i) arm and shoulder (ii) torso (iii) back. Reconstructive surgery involves the treatment and the reconstruction of defects throughout the whole human body. These defects may arise in any member of the family. With modern reconstructive techniques a problem can often be solved in one operation thus avoiding multiple operations and long periods of hospitalisation which can be devastating to both patient and family. These new techniques nevertheless have demanded a reappraisal of the basic sciences, especially the anatomy of the blood and nerve supply to the potential transplant. This is essential so that they can be designed with not only precision and safety but in such a way that there is minimal disability at the donor site. As well as restoring shape and form, the patient can have tremendous improvement in quality of life and independence if function is also restored. In order to provide function (feeling and movement) a working nerve supply must be included in the reconstruction. Therefore our research must continue to investigate the complex patterns of nerve supply to tissues of the body and correlate this information with the blood supply which is needed to keep the tissue alive.Read moreRead less
Will A Reduction In Dietary AGEs Improve Insulin Sensitivity And Secretion In Overweight Individuals?
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$240,931.00
Summary
Advanced Gycation end-products (AGE) are formed when foods brown during heating, processing or long term storage. This study will examine the AGE content of a typical Australian diet. Also, an intervention study will be undertaken to determine whether an 75% reduction in AGE intake can reduce blood markers of chronic inflammation, improve insulin secretion and action and thus reduce diabetes and heart disease risk.
Predictors Of Treatment Outcomes Following Anti-vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Therapy For Neovascular AMD.
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$240,277.00
Summary
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause of severe, irreversible loss of vision amongst elderly populations in the developed world. Bleeding in the retina destroys central vision. New treatments have been developed to stop this bleeding. However not all patients benefit equally, with some still losing vision. This project aims to investigate what determines how well an individual responds to treatment, in particular, how genes might influence the response.
Regulation Of Insulin Signalling And Glucose Homeostasis By Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$542,462.00
Summary
A common feature of type 2 diabetes is high blood glucose due to peripheral insulin resistance. Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) that antagonise insulin signalling might be important targets for therapeutic intervention in type 2 diabetes; inhibition of specific PTPs may allow for enhanced IR signalling to alleviate insulin resistance. This proposal will examine the roles of PTPs and in particular TCPTP in insulin signalling and glucose homeostasis.
MINIMAL RESIDUAL DISEASE IN ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKAEMIA
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$455,204.00
Summary
This project will study the extremely small numbers of leukaemic cells which are found in patients who are apparently healthy, but which sometimes lead to relapse. Very sensitive methods for measuring and studying low levels of leukaemic cells will be developed and used. To develop new better treatments in the long term, we will study why current treatment sometimes fails to eradicate the leukaemia, leading to patients relapsing. Clinicians currently need to obtain samples of bone marrow to asse ....This project will study the extremely small numbers of leukaemic cells which are found in patients who are apparently healthy, but which sometimes lead to relapse. Very sensitive methods for measuring and studying low levels of leukaemic cells will be developed and used. To develop new better treatments in the long term, we will study why current treatment sometimes fails to eradicate the leukaemia, leading to patients relapsing. Clinicians currently need to obtain samples of bone marrow to assess leukaemia, and the research will show whether this needs to be continued, or whether, with sensitive tests, samples of blood can be used instead. The study will involve collaboration with clinicians throughout Australia and overseas.Read moreRead less
Indigenous Men Taking Their Rightful Place In Society?: A Participatory Action Research Process.
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$705,750.00
Summary
Men's health groups are increasingly being accepted as important strategies in improving health and wellbeing, especially in Indigenous communities. However, it is hard to find systematic documentation and evaluation of such initiatives in the literature. Since August 2001, we have been facilitating and analysing a Participatory Action Research (PAR) process designed to support members of a men's health group in Yarrabah, a rural Aboriginal community near Cairns (north Queensland), take greater ....Men's health groups are increasingly being accepted as important strategies in improving health and wellbeing, especially in Indigenous communities. However, it is hard to find systematic documentation and evaluation of such initiatives in the literature. Since August 2001, we have been facilitating and analysing a Participatory Action Research (PAR) process designed to support members of a men's health group in Yarrabah, a rural Aboriginal community near Cairns (north Queensland), take greater control and responsibility for the factors influencing their health and wellbeing. The PAR process is providing initial evidence indicating that the development of men's health groups in Indigenous settings can lead to social and behavioural change and that PAR is potentially a useful tool in working towards social change. The current proposal is a joint initiative between the academic partners and the men's group leadership and proposes among other things to: a) consolidate and extend the existing PAR initiative with members of the Yarrabah Men's Health Group and their community; b) adapt and pilot the PAR model in another north Queensland community; and c) undertake a systematic and comparative evaluation across the two sites to determine the medium -long term usefulness of men's health groups as health promotion strategies especially in rural-remote Indigenous settings. These types of micro-level studies have important implications for the way community development is perceived and approached in Indigenous settings.Read moreRead less
Molecular Approaches To Developing Subunit Vaccines With Improved Efficacy Against Tuberculosis
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$480,750.00
Summary
Tuberculosis remains a major worldwide health problem, resulting in approximately 3 million deaths per year. Furthermore, people infected with the AIDS virus are at a much greater risk of catching tuberculosis. The only vaccine available for tuberculosis, known as BCG, is not very effective at preventing the disease. Therefore there is an urgent need to develop new vaccines to help combat tuberculosis. The bacterium that causes tuberculosis is made up of may proteins, some of which are known to ....Tuberculosis remains a major worldwide health problem, resulting in approximately 3 million deaths per year. Furthermore, people infected with the AIDS virus are at a much greater risk of catching tuberculosis. The only vaccine available for tuberculosis, known as BCG, is not very effective at preventing the disease. Therefore there is an urgent need to develop new vaccines to help combat tuberculosis. The bacterium that causes tuberculosis is made up of may proteins, some of which are known to induce immune responses in animals and humans. We will produce vaccines that are made from 13 of these important proteins. Using a laboratory animal model that closely mimics human tuberculosis infection, together with sophisticated immunological techniques, we will determine if these vaccines stimulate the right immune response to fight tuberculosis and prevent infection. In addition, we will exploit molecules known to boost immune responses to optimise these vaccines. Further we will study the recently sequenced genome of the tuberculosis bacterium to identify new proteins that may be included in these novel anti-tuberculosis vaccines. This is an internationally competitive project and our team is at the forefront of this research effort. A new, effective tuberculosis vaccine would be a major medical breakthrough and a represent a significant achievement for Australian health and medical research.Read moreRead less
A Comparison Of Arthroscopic Synovial Biopsy Based Targeted Biologic Therapy Versus Conventional Therapy In Rheumatoid Arthritis
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$133,351.00
Summary
This proposed study will investigate if treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) based on biopsy of affected joints’ lining is better than standard therapy (not based on the results of biopsy). Current strategies to treat RA not infrequently result in incomplete disease suppression with potentially resultant joint damage, in part because of lack of definite guidelines to individualise treatment. We propose that therapy on the basis of the analysis of biopsy of joint lining will lead to better dise ....This proposed study will investigate if treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) based on biopsy of affected joints’ lining is better than standard therapy (not based on the results of biopsy). Current strategies to treat RA not infrequently result in incomplete disease suppression with potentially resultant joint damage, in part because of lack of definite guidelines to individualise treatment. We propose that therapy on the basis of the analysis of biopsy of joint lining will lead to better disease control than the currently prevalent approach.Read moreRead less
Empowerment As A Strategy For Wellbeing In Indigenous Settings: Developing Tools To Systematically Evaluate Outcomes
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$403,100.00
Summary
This project will add significant strength to one of Australia's key initiatives in the promotion of health and well-being, namely the Family Well Being Program . This program was developed by a group of Aboriginal people based in Adelaide in order to specifically address the effects of colonisation on the emotional health and wellbeing of Indigenous Australians. It is a nationally accredited course and has been delivered in a wide variety of settings and participating groups. Previous evaluatio ....This project will add significant strength to one of Australia's key initiatives in the promotion of health and well-being, namely the Family Well Being Program . This program was developed by a group of Aboriginal people based in Adelaide in order to specifically address the effects of colonisation on the emotional health and wellbeing of Indigenous Australians. It is a nationally accredited course and has been delivered in a wide variety of settings and participating groups. Previous evaluation using in-depth interviews, focus groups and course evaluation forms have revealed long lasting increases in participants' life skills and problem-solving capacity, thereby making them better able to help themselves and the young people around them to deal with emotions and life's challenges. Changes are particularly profound among individuals who have completed the full Four Stage Program (40 week course) and their families and communities. Up to now, the impact and outcome of the Family Well Being Program has not had a way of being objectively measured in the way that other health promotion programs have. This is partly due to the complexity of its aims; empowering people to take control of their lives, as opposed to trying to directly change behaviours that place them at risk of illness. It is also because the definition, pathway and results of becoming an empowered person, group and community are not completely understood and are likely to be expressed differently from one social and cultural group to another. This current project aims to gain a clearer understanding of the meaning, experience, outcomes and values people attach to empowerment; then use this information to design tools to help assess the effectiveness of programs that seek to stimulate empowerment. Activities will include further analysis of existing qualitative data, workshop discussions, piloting tools and implementing them within communities with ongoing Family Well Being programs.Read moreRead less