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The Sentinel Lymph Node Territories Of The Whole Body And Their Clinical Implications: A Human Cadaver Study
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$602,984.00
Summary
Lymph gland screening with isotopes (Lymphoscintigraphy) has revealed unexpected pathways of cancer spread. This study, using an X-ray injection technique in human cadavers, is re-evaluating the outdated Melways Roadmap of lymph vessel pathways. The aims are to give accurate predictions of cancer spread, explain unusual clinical manifestations and to provide a new method of treating lymphoedema, the incapacitating swelling of limbs that may complicate lymph gland surgery or radiotherapy.
Morphometric Analysis Of Normal Airway Structure In Childhood And The Influence Of A History Of Asthma On This Structure
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$186,113.00
Summary
The architectural structure of the airways of the lung is thought to have profound effects on airway function. Changes in this structure are believed to be partly responsible for limiting the flow of air into the lung in conditions such as constant wheezing, bronchitis and asthma. Pathological studies carried out on adult lungs have shown that the structure of the airways is indeed altered in patients with lung disease when compared with patients with no history of breathing difficulties. For ex ....The architectural structure of the airways of the lung is thought to have profound effects on airway function. Changes in this structure are believed to be partly responsible for limiting the flow of air into the lung in conditions such as constant wheezing, bronchitis and asthma. Pathological studies carried out on adult lungs have shown that the structure of the airways is indeed altered in patients with lung disease when compared with patients with no history of breathing difficulties. For example, the walls of the airways are much thicker in patients with lung disease. This thickening means that the airways are much narrower and therefore not able to carry as much air as in people with healthy lungs. In addition, the muscle within the airway wall, which is normally very sparse, is much denser in people with asthma and bronchitis. Thus, the airways can be squeezed closed more easily. It is not known if these changes are present in children who have lung disease. X-rays and sophisticated breathing tests suggest that these children may also have thicker walls and more muscle in their airways. The major difficulties in assessing whether such changes are present in children, is the lack of information on the normal structure in infants; how this changes as they grow to adulthood; or if there are any gender differences. This project aims to obtain this information from the airways of male and female children from 0-18 years. This information can then be used as a basis for comparison with the structure found in children with lung disease, in particular asthma, and therefore assist in making assessments as to the cause of their breathing difficulties. With more knowledge about these causes, we will be in a better position to design new and better treatments and produce ways of preventing them ever occurring.Read moreRead less
Social Glue? The contribution of sport and active recreation to community wellbeing. Australian federal, state and local governments allocate more than $4,094 million per year to the provision of sport and recreation services, facilities and programs which service more than 5 million regular participants. This funding is, in part, based on the premise that involvement in sport and recreation develops community wellbeing through the facilitation of social inclusion and connectedness. This researc ....Social Glue? The contribution of sport and active recreation to community wellbeing. Australian federal, state and local governments allocate more than $4,094 million per year to the provision of sport and recreation services, facilities and programs which service more than 5 million regular participants. This funding is, in part, based on the premise that involvement in sport and recreation develops community wellbeing through the facilitation of social inclusion and connectedness. This research will contribute to the development of policies and practices that will enhance the capability of sport and active recreation organisations to contribute to community wellbeing.Read moreRead less
Factors Contributing To Socioeconomic Gradients In Children's Oral Health Between 1993 And 2003
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$79,532.00
Summary
The NHMRC and the Australian National Oral Health Plan have identified health inequalities as a critical health issue. Dental caries in children increasingly has become concentrated in disadvantaged population groups. While previous studies have documented socioeconomic gradients in oral health, few have sought to explain the reasons underlying those inequalities. By taking advantage of two existing datasets of child oral health in Australia, collected in 1992 and 2002, we will be able to quanti ....The NHMRC and the Australian National Oral Health Plan have identified health inequalities as a critical health issue. Dental caries in children increasingly has become concentrated in disadvantaged population groups. While previous studies have documented socioeconomic gradients in oral health, few have sought to explain the reasons underlying those inequalities. By taking advantage of two existing datasets of child oral health in Australia, collected in 1992 and 2002, we will be able to quantify change in socioeconomic inequalities in oral health, and identify population-wide exposures to preventive practices and social circumstances that may have contributed to that change.Read moreRead less
Heart failure (HF) is the most common cause of hospital admission in those over 65y, and has significant morbidity and mortality. We need to develop new strategies to treat HF. Plasma vasopressin (AVP) levels are elevated in HF, and may contribute to adverse outcomes. This proposal will assess the utility of blocking the vasopressin V1 and V2 receptors in a rat model of HF. We shall also measure AVP in humans with HF. The results of this work may result in new approaches to treat HF patients.
Ethical and Social Issues in Translating Epigenetics into Antenatal Care. This project aims to investigate how knowledge about the intergenerational transmission of health and disease is shaping antenatal care in Australia. It expects to generate new knowledge about how the science of epigenetics can be used to address social inequality and is anticipated to have impact across the social sciences, bioethics and public health. Expected outcomes of the project include novel theoretical approaches ....Ethical and Social Issues in Translating Epigenetics into Antenatal Care. This project aims to investigate how knowledge about the intergenerational transmission of health and disease is shaping antenatal care in Australia. It expects to generate new knowledge about how the science of epigenetics can be used to address social inequality and is anticipated to have impact across the social sciences, bioethics and public health. Expected outcomes of the project include novel theoretical approaches to the ethics of pregnancy, along with guidance tools to shape the use of epigenetics in antenatal care and social policy to reduce social inequalities. This should provide significant benefits, improving information and support available to vulnerable women as they negotiate maternal health and social services. Read moreRead less
Closing the housing gap: a spotlight on intergenerational inequalities. This project aims to use never-before analysed combinations of datasets and new data on Australian housing conditions to model the consequences of unequal access to housing and housing wealth among Australians, and to evaluate both individual and national benefits of housing interventions across generations. The consequences of unequal access to housing are different for current and future generational cohorts. This project ....Closing the housing gap: a spotlight on intergenerational inequalities. This project aims to use never-before analysed combinations of datasets and new data on Australian housing conditions to model the consequences of unequal access to housing and housing wealth among Australians, and to evaluate both individual and national benefits of housing interventions across generations. The consequences of unequal access to housing are different for current and future generational cohorts. This project expects to reveal the drivers and health consequences of the intergenerational housing gap. Research-based insights on the intergenerational housing crisis will benefit almost all Australians affected by the unprecedented costs of ownership and renting.Read moreRead less
Caring for Asylum Seekers in Australia: Bioethics and Human Rights. Australia's policy of mandatory detention has been criticised at home and abroad. This research will bring together both empirical and reflective material about that policy by those who have seen its effects first hand, which will make an important contribution to national self-definition. The research process itself will bring together practitioners who have worked in the field, many of whom have expressed the need for recordin ....Caring for Asylum Seekers in Australia: Bioethics and Human Rights. Australia's policy of mandatory detention has been criticised at home and abroad. This research will bring together both empirical and reflective material about that policy by those who have seen its effects first hand, which will make an important contribution to national self-definition. The research process itself will bring together practitioners who have worked in the field, many of whom have expressed the need for recording their experiences, and guidelines as to how to practice in the future when human rights issues form a part of clinical practice. As such, the project will contribute to other areas of healthcare where such issues are present, such as indigenous health, mental health, and the care of other vulnerable populations. Read moreRead less
Spatially Targeted Intervention For Eliminating Tuberculosis In High-burden Countries
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$645,205.00
Summary
The overall goal of my research program is to design and implement an innovative approach for eliminating TB in high-burden countries such as Ethiopia and China. My project will integrate contemporary and sophisticated analytical methods (geospatial methods, network meta-analysis and economic analysis) within a single translational research framework and provide evidence to make a substantial shift from the current paradigm of passive case detection.