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RV3 Rotavirus Vaccine: Phase I And II Clinical Trials Of A Human Neonatal Rotavirus Vaccine For The Global Community
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$1,099,123.00
Summary
Rotavirus infection is the leading cause of gastroenteritis responsible for over 600,000 deaths each year in children less than 5 years. Although 2 commercial vaccines are now available in Australia, the high cost and concern about the risk of side effects are barriers to widespread vaccine introduction. The goal of this study is to develop an effective rotavirus vaccine, administered to newborns that is affordable for the global community, able to be introduced cheaply in developing countries w ....Rotavirus infection is the leading cause of gastroenteritis responsible for over 600,000 deaths each year in children less than 5 years. Although 2 commercial vaccines are now available in Australia, the high cost and concern about the risk of side effects are barriers to widespread vaccine introduction. The goal of this study is to develop an effective rotavirus vaccine, administered to newborns that is affordable for the global community, able to be introduced cheaply in developing countries where the burden of morbidity and mortality is greatest.Read moreRead less
Identification And Characterisation Of Novel Virulence Genes In Attaching And Effacing Strains Of Escherichia Coli
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$281,320.00
Summary
Some varieties of Escherichia (E.) coli are harmless bacteria that live in the healthy intestinal tract, whereas others can cause diarrhoea. Those varieties of E. coli which cause diarrhoea include so-called enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), which is a leading cause of life- diarrhoea in infants and young children in less developed countries, and enterohaemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) the cause of hamburger disease. These bacteria are able to cause disease because they possess specific genetic informa ....Some varieties of Escherichia (E.) coli are harmless bacteria that live in the healthy intestinal tract, whereas others can cause diarrhoea. Those varieties of E. coli which cause diarrhoea include so-called enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), which is a leading cause of life- diarrhoea in infants and young children in less developed countries, and enterohaemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) the cause of hamburger disease. These bacteria are able to cause disease because they possess specific genetic information that is absent from harmless varieties of E. coli. Although many of these disease-associated genes have been identified, the specific role of many of them is not known. In addition, it seems likely that many more genes of this type remain to be discovered. The fact that EPEC is host specific means that the mechanisms by which these bacteria cause disease can only be investigated in humans. This is extremely limiting for the number and type of investigations that can be performed. However, there are rabbit-specific strains of EPEC which cause a disease in rabbits that is indistinguishable from that caused by EPEC in children. The aims of this study are to use the rabbit model of diarrhoea to learn more about the contribution of certain specific factors of EPEC to disease causation and to discover new factors of this type. This will be achieved by three complementary strategies: (1) investigating rabbit E. coli for virulence genes and determining if they are present in human strains; (2) examining the effect of inactivating these genes on the ability of E. coli to cause diarrhoea in rabbits; and (3) infecting rabbits with pools of mutant E. coli strains to identify factors that the bacteria require to survive in rabbits. The results of these studies will improve understanding of the mechanisms by which E. coli cause disease and may provide opportunities for the development of novel tools to diagnose, treat and prevent E. coli-associated diarrhoea.Read moreRead less