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Neural Circuits Which Limit Alcohol And Soft Drink Intake
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$523,949.00
Summary
Alcohol and soft drinks are ubiquitous, and often harmful, particularly in excess. This project will examine the specific roles of fluid and food satiation neural circuits in suppressing intake, to determine whether either or both could be therapeutic targets for alcohol/soft drink overconsumption, especially as cessation aids for binge-drinking behaviour.
A Randomised Controlled Trial Of A Fluid Containing 140mmol/L Of Sodium Compared To A Fluid Containing 77mmol/L Of Sodium For Maintenance Intravenous Fluid Therapy In Hospitalised Children.
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$183,959.00
Summary
Intravenous fluid therapy is one of the most common and important treatments for children in hospital. In spite of this we know very little about what fluid should be used and there is now good evidence that children are experiencing adverse outcomes because of fluid treatment. The aim of this trial is to determine which intravenous fluid is best in children. It will be the largest and most relevant intravenous fluid trial performed in children. The results will have an immediate impact on treat ....Intravenous fluid therapy is one of the most common and important treatments for children in hospital. In spite of this we know very little about what fluid should be used and there is now good evidence that children are experiencing adverse outcomes because of fluid treatment. The aim of this trial is to determine which intravenous fluid is best in children. It will be the largest and most relevant intravenous fluid trial performed in children. The results will have an immediate impact on treating children worldwide.Read moreRead less
Saving Money And Saving Lives: Integrating Comparative Effectiveness Trials And Translational Research In Critically Ill Patients
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$338,938.00
Summary
I am a full-time Intensive Care Specialist in Sydney who combines clinician duties with research. My research is the design and conduct of large trials that have changed and will continue to change the management of critically ill patients around the world. I led two of the largest trials ever conducted in critically ill patients and have recently been funded to lead a further even larger trial. The Practitioner Fellowship will allow me to continue and expand this essential research.
A Non-invasive Fluid Status Monitoring Device For Heart Failure
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$360,715.00
Summary
Both acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are characterised by fluid overload. A device to detect this fluid overload in patients at an early stage has the potential to reduce the need for hospitalisation and initiate more timely and aggressive intervention. A prototype device has already been developed and our aim is to further improve on this device and advance to a commercial product.
Optimisation Of The Supportive Care Of Adults With Severe Falciparum Malaria
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$239,346.00
Summary
In the last two decades the care of patients with severe malaria has been revolutionised by the discovery of new drugs that reduce the chance of dying by 30% when compared to the previous standard treatments. However even with the use of these drugs, up to 30% of adults and 10% of children with severe malaria will still die from the disease. We need a greater understanding of how malaria harms people so that we might develop new drugs and treatment strategies to improve outcomes.
Thirst And Vasopressin Secretion In Left Ventricular Dysfunction
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$130,950.00
Summary
Water homeostasis is essential for life and is achieved by a balance between water intake, controlled by thirst, and output controlled by the kidneys via the hormone vasopressin. In health the control mechanisms of thirst and vasopressin are very similar. Both are controlled by the brain. Thirst and vasopressin secretion are activated when the body becomes dehydrated or when blood volume is low. Heart failure occurs when the heart cannot pump sufficient blood to meet the body's demands. It has a ....Water homeostasis is essential for life and is achieved by a balance between water intake, controlled by thirst, and output controlled by the kidneys via the hormone vasopressin. In health the control mechanisms of thirst and vasopressin are very similar. Both are controlled by the brain. Thirst and vasopressin secretion are activated when the body becomes dehydrated or when blood volume is low. Heart failure occurs when the heart cannot pump sufficient blood to meet the body's demands. It has a worse outlook than many cancers including breast and prostate cancer. Because the body's demands for oxygen are not being met, the body reacts as though blood volume is low. A variety of responses lead to excess body water with congestion of various organs and oedema. The aim of this research is to explore to what extent and how, the controls of thirst and vasopressin secretion are altered in heart failure by investigating both a rat model of heart failure and patients after a heart attack. From these studies we will gain a greater understanding of how body water homeostasis control mechanisms are altered which will aid our understanding of potential treatment options for this deadly disease.Read moreRead less
Effects Of Increased Endolymph Volume On Cochlear And Vestibular Function And Morphology Of Inner Ear Tissues
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$313,391.00
Summary
Our recent research suggests that the vertigo attacks associated with enlarged fluid volumes in the inner ear, in diseases such as Ménière's Disease, maybe triggered when the fluid pressure forces open tissue valves located in the fluid-ducts connecting the hearing and balance organs. This project aims to identify the functional role of these valves, and to develop an animal model of abrupt changes in vestibular activity due to hydrops, to allow future treatments to be developed.
Heart failure (HF) is the most common cause of hospital admission in those over 65y, and has significant morbidity and mortality. We need to develop new strategies to treat HF. Plasma vasopressin (AVP) levels are elevated in HF, and may contribute to adverse outcomes. This proposal will assess the utility of blocking the vasopressin V1 and V2 receptors in a rat model of HF. We shall also measure AVP in humans with HF. The results of this work may result in new approaches to treat HF patients.
Lung Injury: Influence Of Sodium, Water, Albumin, Gravity And Body Position
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$117,331.00
Summary
Although patients with poor oxygenation often require mechanical ventilation, only therapies that reduce lung damage improve outcome whereas therapies that improve oxygenation have not been shown to improve outcome. This project will examine the role of two common interventions in critically ill patients, fluid resuscitation and posture change, on lung injury. It is anticipated this will lead to clinical trials that will further improve survival in ventilated patients with respiratory failure.
Fluid intake is essential for survival. Disorders of thirst whether they be excessive or inadequate have dire conseqences as evidenced in recent heat waves in Europe and Indiawhere thousands of lives were lost primarily in the elderly whose thirst mechanisms are often disrupted. The excessive fluid intake, seen in psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia, is equally damaging. Much of the research over the last 50 years has concentrated on the hypothalamic regulation of thirst. This project will ....Fluid intake is essential for survival. Disorders of thirst whether they be excessive or inadequate have dire conseqences as evidenced in recent heat waves in Europe and Indiawhere thousands of lives were lost primarily in the elderly whose thirst mechanisms are often disrupted. The excessive fluid intake, seen in psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia, is equally damaging. Much of the research over the last 50 years has concentrated on the hypothalamic regulation of thirst. This project will attempt, for the first time, to define the location in the cerebral cortex of the drive to ingest water (perception of thirst).Read moreRead less