Hyper-accumulations of monosulfidic sediments: Exploring a biogeochemical extreme to resolve fundamental sulfur biomineralisation pathways. The hyper-accumulation of monosulfidic sediments has a directsocial, economic and environmental impact on communities in many parts of Australia, including highly valued wetland systems such as the Ramsar wetlands of the lower Murray Darling Basin and internationally recognised Peel-Harvey Estuary of WA. Maintenance dredging of these materials alone costs th ....Hyper-accumulations of monosulfidic sediments: Exploring a biogeochemical extreme to resolve fundamental sulfur biomineralisation pathways. The hyper-accumulation of monosulfidic sediments has a directsocial, economic and environmental impact on communities in many parts of Australia, including highly valued wetland systems such as the Ramsar wetlands of the lower Murray Darling Basin and internationally recognised Peel-Harvey Estuary of WA. Maintenance dredging of these materials alone costs the nation millions of dollars annually. The hyper monosulfidic sediments are also linked to severe environmental impacts. This project will inform how these materials develop and accumulate. This new knowledge will be of immediate relevance for the management of eutrophic estuaries.Read moreRead less
Identifying limitations to the establishment of microbial communities and sustainable nutrient cycling in bauxite residue sand under rehabilitation. Australia is the world's largest producer of bauxite. The process of refining bauxite to aluminium generates 2 t of residue for every 3 t of bauxite, creating a major residue management issue. Rehabilitation of residue disposal areas is critical for reducing impacts on the environment and surrounding community and ultimately aims to create a sustain ....Identifying limitations to the establishment of microbial communities and sustainable nutrient cycling in bauxite residue sand under rehabilitation. Australia is the world's largest producer of bauxite. The process of refining bauxite to aluminium generates 2 t of residue for every 3 t of bauxite, creating a major residue management issue. Rehabilitation of residue disposal areas is critical for reducing impacts on the environment and surrounding community and ultimately aims to create a sustainable ecosystem following closure of the facility. This research will provide a detailed understanding of the establishment of microbial communities and the factors controlling the survival and functioning of microorganisms in bauxite residue sand. The outcomes will aid the development of improved protocols and strategies for bauxite residue rehabilitation in Australia and internationally.Read moreRead less
Hydrodynamics of Fringing Reef Systems. This project aims to develop a numerical circulation model applicable to fringing reef systems, in particular, the Ningaloo reef, Western Australia. The model will include the effects of tides, winds, surface gravity waves and density. The model results will be compared to field measurements collected by the Australian Institute of Marine Science. After the model has been developed and validated, it will be used to investigate processes such as water e ....Hydrodynamics of Fringing Reef Systems. This project aims to develop a numerical circulation model applicable to fringing reef systems, in particular, the Ningaloo reef, Western Australia. The model will include the effects of tides, winds, surface gravity waves and density. The model results will be compared to field measurements collected by the Australian Institute of Marine Science. After the model has been developed and validated, it will be used to investigate processes such as water exchange between lagoons and open sea, effects of contaminant spills and recruitment within the reef systems. An understanding of these processes is essential for the sustainable management of these systems.Read moreRead less
Unraveling the nitrogen cycle in a periodically anoxic estuary. Climate change is likely to lead to reduced river inflows to estuaries which can lead to oxygen depletion and major changes in nutrient cycling. This project will help inform the public and policy makers about the role of environmental flows in maintaining estuarine function, and thus guide future decisions on environmental flow requirements in the Yarra River Estuary. The benefits of this understanding will also flow on to improv ....Unraveling the nitrogen cycle in a periodically anoxic estuary. Climate change is likely to lead to reduced river inflows to estuaries which can lead to oxygen depletion and major changes in nutrient cycling. This project will help inform the public and policy makers about the role of environmental flows in maintaining estuarine function, and thus guide future decisions on environmental flow requirements in the Yarra River Estuary. The benefits of this understanding will also flow on to improved understanding and management of nitrogen loads to Port Phillip Bay. This project will form a close collaborative partnership between Monash University, Melbourne Water and the EPA. This collaboration will ensure the integration of cutting edge science with innovative management regimes Read moreRead less
Induction of multiple environmental stress tolerance in Australian native species for land rehabilitation using benzoic acid derivatives. The aim of this project is to develop methods to induce abiotic (drought, temperature, salinity) and biotic (die-back disease) stress tolerance in Australian plants by simple treatment using signalling molecules (benzoic acid derivatives) for conservation and land rehabilitation. These molecules occur naturally in plants and non-toxic. Plant establishment in r ....Induction of multiple environmental stress tolerance in Australian native species for land rehabilitation using benzoic acid derivatives. The aim of this project is to develop methods to induce abiotic (drought, temperature, salinity) and biotic (die-back disease) stress tolerance in Australian plants by simple treatment using signalling molecules (benzoic acid derivatives) for conservation and land rehabilitation. These molecules occur naturally in plants and non-toxic. Plant establishment in rehabilitation programs are very low due to exposure to stress. Furthermore, the loss to agricultural and horticultural industries resulting from environmental stresses is very high. Outcome of the project is the availability of plants with multiple stress tolerance enhancing success of rehabilitation programs with flow-through benefits to horticultural and agricultural industries.Read moreRead less
Hydrodynamics of Intermittently Closing and Opening Lakes and Lagoons. Intermittently closing and open lakes and lagoons are shallow coastal water bodies that are connected intermittently to the ocean. Sixty of the 135 estuaries in New South Wales are considered to be ICOLL's. The closure of the Lake/Lagoon entrance to the ocean prevents water exchange that can lead to poor water quality. Detailed field and numerical model studies in two ICOLLS (Coila Lake and Wamberal Lagoon) are proposed us ....Hydrodynamics of Intermittently Closing and Opening Lakes and Lagoons. Intermittently closing and open lakes and lagoons are shallow coastal water bodies that are connected intermittently to the ocean. Sixty of the 135 estuaries in New South Wales are considered to be ICOLL's. The closure of the Lake/Lagoon entrance to the ocean prevents water exchange that can lead to poor water quality. Detailed field and numerical model studies in two ICOLLS (Coila Lake and Wamberal Lagoon) are proposed using modern instrumentation. It is recognised that a fundamental understanding of the circulation and mixing characteristics of ICOLLs is imperative for the development of proper management strategies for these systems.Read moreRead less
Novel species interactions arising from synergistic environmental changes. Synergistic environmental changes, including climate and land use change, are altering Australia's ecosystems and creating novel species assemblages. We know little about how these assemblages develop and function, and yet they are likely to become more pervasive and provide a significant conservation and restoration challenge. We aim to improve our understanding of the factors affecting the creation of novel plant assemb ....Novel species interactions arising from synergistic environmental changes. Synergistic environmental changes, including climate and land use change, are altering Australia's ecosystems and creating novel species assemblages. We know little about how these assemblages develop and function, and yet they are likely to become more pervasive and provide a significant conservation and restoration challenge. We aim to improve our understanding of the factors affecting the creation of novel plant assemblages (through invasions and changes in species' ranges) in the York Gum woodlands of Western Australia. We will examine how novel assemblages function, improve the ability to predict potential ongoing changes in assemblages and provide guidance for the management of these and other internationally important plant communities.Read moreRead less
Transient coastal upwelling along Western Australia: The dynamics of the Ningaloo Current system. This project will lead to significant advances in our understanding of the Ningaloo Current system that dominates the regional circulation surrounding Ningaloo Marine Park, part of the National Representative System of Marine Protected Areas. The numerical model and field measurements will, for the first time, elucidate which physical factors drive the Ningaloo Current and the resulting spatial and ....Transient coastal upwelling along Western Australia: The dynamics of the Ningaloo Current system. This project will lead to significant advances in our understanding of the Ningaloo Current system that dominates the regional circulation surrounding Ningaloo Marine Park, part of the National Representative System of Marine Protected Areas. The numerical model and field measurements will, for the first time, elucidate which physical factors drive the Ningaloo Current and the resulting spatial and temporal variability of upwelling. This will ultimately provide insight into how various ecological processes are linked to hydrodynamics (e.g., nutrient delivery, bleaching) and help assess how susceptible the reef ecosystem may be to changes to physical forcing resulting from climate change.Read moreRead less
A physiological and biochemical basis for seed storage for biodiversity conservation and restoration. Seed banking is a vital component of the integrated strategies required to conserve biodiversity and restore degraded landscapes. The effectiveness of seed banking for Australian flora is limited by a lack of research into the factors affecting seed viability during storage. For key indicative Australian species this study will focus on morphological, biophysical and biochemical factors governin ....A physiological and biochemical basis for seed storage for biodiversity conservation and restoration. Seed banking is a vital component of the integrated strategies required to conserve biodiversity and restore degraded landscapes. The effectiveness of seed banking for Australian flora is limited by a lack of research into the factors affecting seed viability during storage. For key indicative Australian species this study will focus on morphological, biophysical and biochemical factors governing seed longevity to determine the optimum storage conditions and identify bio-indicators of seed deterioration for rapid determination of seed storage behaviour. This project will develop benchmark standards by which the estimated 325 seed banks storing native seeds in Australia will benefit.Read moreRead less
The roles viruses play in the decline of terrestrial orchids in Australia’s hotspot of global biodiversity. Plant viruses play both positive and negative roles in native plant health and population viability. This study will use deep sequencing and plant physiology approaches to elucidate how threatened terrestrial orchids respond to infection by exotic and indigenous viruses, allowing more informed management of critically-important ecosystems.